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173 results on '"Daniel Esteve"'

1. Integrating pheromonal and spatial information in the amygdalo-hippocampal network

Author: María Villafranca-Faus, Manuel Esteban Vila-Martín, Daniel Esteve, Esteban Merino, Anna Teruel-Sanchis, Ana Cervera-Ferri, Joana Martínez-Ricós, Ana Lloret, Enrique Lanuza, and Vicent Teruel-Martí
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Male and female mice need to generate spatial maps that integrate vomeronasal signals of territory owners in the hippocampus-dependent memory. The authors show that vomeronasal information influences learning-related activity in the hippocampus via the amygdaloid PMCo, lateral entorhinal cortex, and dorsal CA1.
Published: 2021
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2. Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Author: Ana Lloret, Daniel Esteve, Maria Angeles Lloret, Paloma Monllor, Begoña López, José Luis León, and Ana Cervera-Ferri
Subjects: demyelination, sleep dysfunction, blood-brain barrier permeability, ApoE4 and AD risk, vessel dysfunction, oligodendrocyte precursor cell, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract: Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as an early causative factor. Moreover, data from various epidemiological and clinicopathological studies have indicated a relationship between CSVD and AD where endothelial cells are a source of oxidative stress. These cells are also closely related to oligodendrocytes, which are, in particular, sensitive to oxidation and lead to myelination being compromised. The sleep/wake cycle is another important control in the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and sleep loss reduces myelin thickness. Moreover, sleep plays a crucial role in resistance against CSVD, and poor sleep quality increases the silent markers of this vascular disease. Sleep disruption is another early occurrence in AD and is related to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, the relationship between CSVD, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and sleep disorders is discussed while focusing on oxidative stress as a common occurrence and its possible role in the onset of AD.
Published: 2021
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3. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate

Author: Ana Lloret, Paloma Monllor, Daniel Esteve, Ana Cervera-Ferri, and Maria-Angeles Lloret
Subjects: leptin-resistance, dementia, overweight, excitotoxicity, LTP, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Obesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a negative feedback, decreases the insulin release and enhances tissue sensitivity to it, leading to glucose uptake for energy utilization or storage. Therefore, resistance to insulin is closely related to leptin resistance. Obesity in middle age has also been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In recent years, the relation between impaired leptin signaling pathway and the onset of AD has been studied. In all this context the role of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. Slow excitotoxicity happens in AD due to an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Since leptin has been shown to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, we want to review the link between these pathological pathways, and how they are affected by other AD triggering factors and its role in the onset of AD.
Published: 2019
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4. Adult Neural Stem Cell Migration Is Impaired in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Author: Daniel Esteve, María Micaela Molina-Navarro, Esther Giraldo, Noelia Martínez-Varea, Mari-Carmen Blanco-Gandia, Marta Rodríguez-Arias, José Manuel García-Verdugo, José Viña, and Ana Lloret
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Neurogenesis, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Olfactory Bulb, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Stem Cells, nervous system, Neurology, Alzheimer Disease, Cell Movement, Lateral Ventricles, Animals, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Neurogenesis in the adult brain takes place in two neurogenic niches: the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone. After differentiation, neural precursor cells (neuroblasts) have to move to an adequate position, a process known as neuronal migration. Some studies show that in Alzheimer’s disease, the adult neurogenesis is impaired. Our main aim was to investigate some proteins involved both in the physiopathology of Alzheimer’s disease and in the neuronal migration process using the APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s mouse model. Progenitor migrating cells are accumulated in the V-SVZ of the APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, we find an increase of Cdh1 levels and a decrease of Cdk5/p35 and cyclin B1, indicating that these cells have an alteration of the cell cycle, which triggers a senescence state. We find less cells in the rostral migratory stream and less mature neurons in the olfactory bulbs from APP/PS1 mice, leading to an impaired odour discriminatory ability compared with WT mice. Alzheimer’s disease mice present a deficit in cell migration from V-SVZ due to a senescent phenotype. Therefore, these results can contribute to a new approach of Alzheimer’s based on senolytic compounds or pro-neurogenic factors.
Published: 2021
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5. Integrating pheromonal and spatial information in the amygdalo-hippocampal network

Author: Ana Cervera-Ferri, Esteban Merino, Manuel Esteban Vila-Martín, Anna Teruel-Sanchis, Joana Martínez-Ricós, Daniel Esteve, Ana Lloret, Enrique Lanuza, Vicent Teruel-Martí, and María Villafranca-Faus
Subjects: Male, Vomeronasal organ, Neural substrate, Anosmia, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Hippocampus, Spatial Behavior, Hippocampal formation, Biology, Amygdala, Neural circuits, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pheromones, Article, Mice, medicine, Animals, Learning, Theta Rhythm, CA1 Region, Hippocampal, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta, Neuronal Plasticity, Cognitive map, Behavior, Animal, General Chemistry, Olfactory Perception, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Social Perception, nervous system, Space Perception, Synaptic plasticity, Female, medicine.symptom, Nerve Net, Vomeronasal Organ, Neuroscience, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Abstract: Vomeronasal information is critical in mice for territorial behavior. Consequently, learning the territorial spatial structure should incorporate the vomeronasal signals indicating individual identity into the hippocampal cognitive map. In this work we show in mice that navigating a virtual environment induces synchronic activity, with causality in both directionalities, between the vomeronasal amygdala and the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus in the theta frequency range. The detection of urine stimuli induces synaptic plasticity in the vomeronasal pathway and the dorsal hippocampus, even in animals with experimentally induced anosmia. In the dorsal hippocampus, this plasticity is associated with the overexpression of pAKT and pGSK3β. An amygdalo-entorhino-hippocampal circuit likely underlies this effect of pheromonal information on hippocampal learning. This circuit likely constitutes the neural substrate of territorial behavior in mice, and it allows the integration of social and spatial information., Male and female mice need to generate spatial maps that integrate vomeronasal signals of territory owners in the hippocampus-dependent memory. The authors show that vomeronasal information influences learning-related activity in the hippocampus via the amygdaloid PMCo, lateral entorhinal cortex, and dorsal CA1.
Published: 2021

6. Time Slot Modeling of Life Habits in the Elderly for Decision-Making Support

Author: Damien Brulin, C. Lejeune, Eric Campo, Daniel Esteve, Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents (LAAS-S4M), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Nano-ingénierie et intégration des oxydes métalliques et de leurs interfaces (LAAS-NEO), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Life habit, Operations research, homecare, decision-making support, Computer science, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Process (computing), behavior modeling, 02 engineering and technology, Division (mathematics), Displacement (psychology), 020601 biomedical engineering, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, classification, Order (business), Relevance (information retrieval), Duration (project management), User interface
Abstract: International audience; This article investigates new steps for the implementation and the utilization of presence indicators to identify displacement activities of a person and to model their life habits. This modeling is based on preliminary measures of displacement rate variations over a period of time. A possible time slot division of activities is highlighted by the analysis of these measures, slight variations of slot boundaries could appear from day to day, from person to person. On this basis, we show how to build three new indicators by working from time slot to time slot, in order to detect alerts or drifts from "normal" behavior as soon as possible and in a more reliable way. These indicators include start and end times of time slots, displacement rate and duration of each time slot. The algorithm we propose has been tested in real situations to show its use and relevance. Results are finally integrated in a more ambitious process of detection and automatic decision-making support through the conception of a web interface.
Published: 2020
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7. The quantum technologies roadmap: a European community view

Author: Antonio Acín, Immanuel Bloch, Harry Buhrman, Tommaso Calarco, Christopher Eichler, Jens Eisert, Daniel Esteve, Nicolas Gisin, Steffen J Glaser, Fedor Jelezko, Stefan Kuhr, Maciej Lewenstein, Max F Riedel, Piet O Schmidt, Rob Thew, Andreas Wallraff, Ian Walmsley, and Frank K Wilhelm
Subjects: quantum theory, quantum coomputing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, quantum communication, quantum technologies, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Within the last two decades, quantum technologies (QT) have made tremendous progress, moving from Nobel Prize award-winning experiments on quantum physics (1997: Chu, Cohen-Tanoudji, Phillips; 2001: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman; 2005: Hall, Hänsch-, Glauber; 2012: Haroche, Wineland) into a cross-disciplinary field of applied research. Technologies are being developed now that explicitly address individual quantum states and make use of the ‘strange’ quantum properties, such as superposition and entanglement. The field comprises four domains: quantum communication, where individual or entangled photons are used to transmit data in a provably secure way; quantum simulation, where well-controlled quantum systems are used to reproduce the behaviour of other, less accessible quantum systems; quantum computation, which employs quantum effects to dramatically speed up certain calculations, such as number factoring; and quantum sensing and metrology, where the high sensitivity of coherent quantum systems to external perturbations is exploited to enhance the performance of measurements of physical quantities. In Europe, the QT community has profited from several EC funded coordination projects, which, among other things, have coordinated the creation of a 150-page QT Roadmap ( http://qurope.eu/h2020/qtflagship/roadmap2016 ). This article presents an updated summary of this roadmap.
Published: 2018
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8. A Resazurin Based Bio Sensor for Detection of Organic Pollutants in Water

Author: Amani Migaou, Anne-Marie Gue, Marie-Charline Blatche, Daniel Esteve, and Ali Boukabache
Subjects: microsystem, organic pollutants detection, water analysis, General Works
Abstract: With the objective of water analysis, a microsystem was developed, by using Resazurin molecule as an indirect bio sensor. The detection principle consists to monitor optically the oxygen consumption of E. Coli bacteria towards their metabolism in presence of organic pollutants. Thus, aiming on Glucose detection, a concentration-dependent inhibition effect on oxygen consumption rate was evidenced in the [0–0.41 mM] range of organic pollutants.
Published: 2017
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9. Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Author: Jose Leon, Maria Angeles Lloret, Ana Lloret, Paloma Monllor, Ana Cervera-Ferri, Begoña Lopez, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: blood-brain barrier permeability, Physiology, Mini Review, ApoE4 and AD risk, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, oligodendrocyte precursor cell, Myelin, Physiology (medical), medicine, QP1-981, sleep dysfunction, vessel dysfunction, chemistry.chemical_classification, reactive oxygen species, Reactive oxygen species, Vascular disease, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, beta-amyloid, medicine.disease, Sleep in non-human animals, Oligodendrocyte, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Immunology, demyelination, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as an early causative factor. Moreover, data from various epidemiological and clinicopathological studies have indicated a relationship between CSVD and AD where endothelial cells are a source of oxidative stress. These cells are also closely related to oligodendrocytes, which are, in particular, sensitive to oxidation and lead to myelination being compromised. The sleep/wake cycle is another important control in the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and sleep loss reduces myelin thickness. Moreover, sleep plays a crucial role in resistance against CSVD, and poor sleep quality increases the silent markers of this vascular disease. Sleep disruption is another early occurrence in AD and is related to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, the relationship between CSVD, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and sleep disorders is discussed while focusing on oxidative stress as a common occurrence and its possible role in the onset of AD.
Published: 2021

10. Generating Two Continuous Entangled Microwave Beams Using a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author: Björn Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Carles Altimiras, Pérola Milman, M. P. Westig, Gerbold Menard, Göran Johansson, Max Hofheinz, Simon Dambach, Fabien Portier, Y. Mukharsky, A. Peugeot, P. Joyez, Joachim Ankerhold, Patrice Roche, Juha Leppäkangas, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Joyez, Philippe, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Institut Quantique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)
Subjects: Josephson effect, Coherence time, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum entanglement, Entropy of entanglement, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Resonator, microwave quantum optics, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), ddc:530, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, superconductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 0210 nano-technology, entanglement, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), DC bias, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: We show experimentally that a dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators emits entangled beams of microwaves leaking out of the resonators. In the absence of a stationary phase reference for characterizing the entanglement of the outgoing beams, we measure second-order coherence functions for proving entanglement up to an emission rate of 2.5 billion photon pairs per second. The experimental results are found in quantitative agreement with theory, proving that the low frequency noise of the dc bias is the main limitation for the coherence time of the entangled beams. This agreement allows us to evaluate the entropy of entanglement of the resonators, and to identify the improvements that could bring this device closer to a useful bright source of entangled microwaves for quantum-technological applications.
Published: 2021
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11. Reply to 'Comment on ‘Absence of a Dissipative Quantum Phase Transition in Josephson Junctions'’

Author: Nicolas Bourlet, Carles Altimiras, P. Joyez, Jürgen T. Stockburger, Joachim Ankerhold, Fabien Portier, Hermann Grabert, A. Murani, Daniel Esteve, H. le Sueur, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute for Complex Quantum Systems (ICQ), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], ANR-16-CE30-0019,ELODIS2,Electrodynamique des Supraconducteurs Désordonnés(2016), and ANR-18-CE47-0014,SIM-CIRCUIT,Simulation quantique de physique à N-corps avec des circuits hybrides(2018)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum phase transition, Josephson effect, Work (thermodynamics), QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Object (philosophy), 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Dissipative system, Point (geometry), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In their Comment [P. Hakonen and E. B. Sonin, preceding comment, Phys. Rev. X 11, 018001 (2021)PRXHAE2160-3308], Hakonen and Sonin (HS) object to our conclusion on the absence of a dissipation-induced superconducting-to-insulating quantum phase transition (DQPT) in resistively shunted Josephson junctions (RSJJs) originally predicted by Schmid and Bulgadaev (SB). Their objections are based on the account they make of a theory explaining the DQPT in terms of Bloch bands which was developed in the 1980s and early 1990s. In this Reply, we point to several issues in the Comment which undermine the objections HS formulate against our work.
Published: 2021
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12. Spatially-resolved decoherence of donor spins in silicon strained by a metallic electrode

Author: Daniel Flanigan, Jarryd J. Pla, Emmanuel Flurin, B. Albanese, John J. L. Morton, V. Ranjan, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Eric Billaud, Patrice Bertet, Yann-Michel Niquet, Emanuele Albertinale, and Thomas Schenkel
Subjects: Quantum decoherence, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Spin-½, Physics, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum sensor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, Quantum technology, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Astronomical and Space Sciences, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: Electron spins are amongst the most coherent solid-state systems known, however, to be used in devices for quantum sensing and information processing applications, they must be typically placed near interfaces. Understanding and mitigating the impacts of such interfaces on the coherence and spectral properties of electron spins is critical to realize such applications, but is also challenging: inferring such data from single-spin studies requires many measurements to obtain meaningful results, while ensemble measurements typically give averaged results that hide critical information. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the coherence of near-surface bismuth donor spins in 28-silicon at millikelvin temperatures. In particular, we use strain-induced frequency shifts caused by a metallic electrode to make spatial maps of spin coherence as a function of depth and position relative to the electrode. By measuring magnetic-field-insensitive clock transitions we separate magnetic noise caused by surface spins from charge noise. Our results include quantitative models of the strain-split spin resonance spectra and extraction of paramagnetic impurity concentrations at the silicon surface. The interplay of these decoherence mechanisms for such near-surface electron spins is critical for their application in quantum technologies, while the combination of the strain splitting and clock transition extends the coherence lifetimes by up to two orders of magnitude, reaching up to 300 ms at a mean depth of only 100nm. The technique we introduce here to spatially map coherence in near-surface ensembles is directly applicable to other spin systems of active interest, such as defects in diamond, silicon carbide, and rare earth ions in optical crystals., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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13. Determining the position of a single spin relative to a metallic nanowire

Author: Sébastien Pezzagna, J. F. Da Silva Barbosa, Reinier Heeres, Jan Meijer, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, Myoung-Jae Lee, Tokuyuki Teraji, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, P. Jamonneau, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), QUANTum Information Circuits (QUANTIC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: Photon, Materials science, Magnetometer, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paramagnetism, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Spin-½, 010302 applied physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: The nanoscale localization of individual paramagnetic defects near an electrical circuit is an important step for realizing hybrid quantum devices with strong spin-microwave photon coupling. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of an array of individual NV centers in diamond near a metallic nanowire deposited on top of the substrate. We determine the relative position of each NV center with $\sim$10\,nm accuracy, using it as a vector magnetometer to measure the field generated by passing a dc current through the wire., 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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14. Supplementary material to 'Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer'

Author: Sebastian Probst, Gengli Zhang, Miloš Rančić, Vishal Ranjan, Marianne Le Dantec, Zhonghan Zhang, Bartolo Albanese, Andrin Doll, Ren Bao Liu, John Morton, Thierry Chanelière, Philippe Goldner, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, and Patrice Bertet
Published: 2020
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15. Radiative cooling of a spin ensemble

Author: Emmanuel Flurin, Marek Pechal, Andreas Wallraff, S. Probst, Christoph W. Zollitsch, John J. L. Morton, Denis Vion, V. Ranjan, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, B. Albanese, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), London Centre for Nanotechnology, and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: Thermal equilibrium, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Spin polarization, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Hyperpolarization (physics), 010306 general physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spin (physics), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Microwave cavity
Abstract: Physical systems reach thermal equilibrium through energy exchange with their environment, and for spins in solids the relevant environment is almost always their host lattice. However, recent studies1 motivated by observations by Purcell2 have shown how radiative emission into a microwave cavity can become the dominant relaxation path for spins if the spin–cavity coupling is sufficiently large (such as for small-mode-volume cavities). In this regime, the cavity electromagnetic field overrides the lattice as the dominant environment, inviting the prospect of controlling the spin temperature independently from that of the lattice, by engineering a suitable cavity field. Here, we report on precisely such control over spin temperature, illustrating a novel and universal method to increase the electron spin polarization above its thermal equilibrium value (termed hyperpolarization). By switching the cavity input between resistive loads at different temperatures we can control the electron spin polarization, cooling it below the lattice temperature. Our demonstration uses donor spins in silicon coupled to a superconducting microresonator and we observe more than a twofold increase in spin polarization. This approach provides a general route to signal enhancement in electron spin resonance, or nuclear magnetic resonance through dynamical nuclear spin polarization3,4. Electron spins in solid usually relax their energy through the coupling with phonons in the host lattice. By using the coupling to microwave photons in a cavity as an alternative relaxation path, it is demonstrated that spins can be cooled below the lattice temperature.
Published: 2020
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16. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy with femtoliter detection volume

Author: Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, S. Probst, V. Ranjan, Thomas Schenkel, John J. L. Morton, Daniel Esteve, B. Albanese, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] (UCL), and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Subjects: Materials science, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Resonator, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Resonance, Femtoliter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Spin echo, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We report electron spin resonance measurements of donors in silicon at millikelvin temperatures using a superconducting $LC$ planar micro-resonator and a Josephson Parametric Amplifier. The resonator includes a nanowire inductor, defining a femtoliter detection volume. Due to strain in the substrate, the donor resonance lines are heavily broadened. Single-spin to photon coupling strengths up to $\sim 3~\text{kHz}$ are observed. The single shot sensitivity is $120 \pm 24~$spins/Hahn echo, corresponding to $\approx 12 \pm 3$~spins$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for repeated acquisition., 4 Figures
Published: 2020
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17. Electroencephalography as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Forgotten Candidate to Substitute CSF Molecules?

Author: Begoña Lopez, Ana Lloret, Jose-Luis Leon, Maria-Angeles Lloret, Daniel Esteve, Ana Cervera-Ferri, and Paloma Monllor
Subjects: non-invasive biomarkers, cerebral rhythms, QH301-705.5, Review, Disease, Electroencephalography, Bioinformatics, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, Alzheimer Disease, Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, medicine, Animals, Humans, EEG, Biology (General), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Cerebrospinal Fluid, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Non invasive biomarkers, synchrony, General Medicine, Computer Science Applications, Clinical Practice, Chemistry, complexity, business, Biomarkers, alpha wave
Abstract: Biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis are crucial in clinical practice. They should be objective and quantifiable and respond to specific therapeutic interventions. Optimal biomarkers should reflect the underlying process (pathological or not), be reproducible, widely available, and allow measurements repeatedly over time. Ideally, biomarkers should also be non-invasive and cost-effective. This review aims to focus on the usefulness and limitations of electroencephalography (EEG) in the search for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. The main aim of this article is to review the evolution of the most used biomarkers in AD and the need for new peripheral and, ideally, non-invasive biomarkers. The characteristics of the EEG as a possible source for biomarkers will be revised, highlighting its advantages compared to the molecular markers available so far.
Published: 2021
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18. Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer

Author: Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Thierry Chanelière, John J. L. Morton, Philippe Goldner, Miloš Rančić, Marianne Le Dantec, Gengli Zhang, S. Probst, B. Albanese, Andrin Doll, Denis Vion, Zhonghan Zhang, V. Ranjan, Ren-Bao Liu, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], University College of London [London] (UCL), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)
Subjects: QC501-766, Materials science, Silicon, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Bismuth, Crystal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, Spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, Hyperfine structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spectrometer, Spins, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electricity and magnetism, chemistry, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We report measurements of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built high-sensitivity spectrometer based on superconducting micro-resonators. The high quality factor and small mode volume (down to 0.2pL) of the resonator allow to probe a small number of spins, down to $5\cdot 10^2$. We measure 2-pulse ESEEM on two systems: erbium ions coupled to $^{183}$W nuclei in a natural-abundance $\text{CaWO}_4$ crystal, and bismuth donors coupled to residual $^{29}$Si nuclei in a silicon substrate that was isotopically enriched in the $^{28}$Si isotope. We also measure 3- and 5-pulse ESEEM for the bismuth donors in silicon. Quantitative agreement is obtained for both the hyperfine coupling strength of proximal nuclei, and the nuclear spin concentration., 15 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020
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19. Multimode Storage of Quantum Microwave Fields in Electron Spins over 100 ms

Author: Emanuele Albertinale, Emmanuel Flurin, B. Albanese, John J. L. Morton, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, James O'Sullivan, Thierry Chanelière, Patrice Bertet, Thomas Schenkel, V. Ranjan, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, University College of London [London] (UCL), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231, ANR-19-CE47-0011,MIRESPIN,Interfaces microonde spin de terres rares pour le traitement quantique de l'information(2019), ANR-17-CHIN-0001,NASNIQ,Nouvelle Architecture de Spins Nucléaires pour l'Information Quantique(2017), European Project: 771493,LOQO-MOTIONS, and European Project: 765267,H2020-EU.1.3.1.,QuSCo(2017)
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Quantum statistical mechanics, Quantum, Microwave, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: A long-lived multi-mode qubit register is an enabling technology for modular quantum computing architectures. For interfacing with superconducting qubits, such a quantum memory should be able to store incoming quantum microwave fields at the single-photon level for long periods of time, and retrieve them on-demand. Here, we demonstrate the partial absorption of a train of weak microwave fields in an ensemble of bismuth donor spins in silicon, their storage for 100 ms, and their retrieval, using a Hahn-echo-like protocol. The long storage time is obtained by biasing the bismuth donors at a clock transition. Phase coherence and quantum statistics are preserved in the storage., 11 pages including Supplementary
Published: 2020
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20. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate

Author: Paloma Monllor, Maria-Angeles Lloret, Daniel Esteve, Ana Cervera-Ferri, and Ana Lloret
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Mini Review, medicine.medical_treatment, Glucose uptake, Excitotoxicity, Adipose tissue, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, overweight, leptin-resistance, Receptor, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Insulin, Leptin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Glutamate receptor, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, LTP, business, excitotoxicity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Neuroscience, dementia
Abstract: Obesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a negative feedback, decreases the insulin release and enhances tissue sensitivity to it, leading to glucose uptake for energy utilization or storage. Therefore, resistance to insulin is closely related to leptin resistance. Obesity in middle age has also been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In recent years, the relation between impaired leptin signaling pathway and the onset of AD has been studied. In all this context the role of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. Slow excitotoxicity happens in AD due to an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Since leptin has been shown to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, we want to review the link between these pathological pathways, and how they are affected by other AD triggering factors and its role in the onset of AD.
Published: 2019
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21. Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author: Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, P. Joyez, Simon Dambach, Denis Vion, M. P. Westig, H. le Sueur, Chloé Rolland, Joachim Ankerhold, A. Peugeot, Bjoern Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Y. Mukharsky, Carles Altimiras, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)
Subjects: Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Correlation function (quantum field theory), 01 natural sciences, Omega, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, superconductivity, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik, coulomb blockade, Order (ring theory), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract: We show experimentally that a dc biased Josephson junction in series with a high-enough-impedance microwave resonator emits antibunched photons. Our resonator is made of a simple microfabricated spiral coil that resonates at 4.4 GHz and reaches a $1.97\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ characteristic impedance. The second order correlation function of the power leaking out of the resonator drops down to 0.3 at zero delay, which demonstrates the antibunching of the photons emitted by the circuit at a rate of $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ photons per second. Results are found in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. This simple scheme could offer an efficient and bright single-photon source in the microwave domain.
Published: 2019
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22. Apolipoprotein E4 and oxidative stress: A prospective study

Author: Daniel Esteve, Paloma Monllor, Mariana Nepomuceno, Ana Lloret, and Jose Viña
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Apolipoprotein e4, Prospective cohort study, business, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Oxidative stress
Published: 2021
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23. Shaped pulses for transient compensation in quantum-limited electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Author: Sebastian, Probst, Vishal, Ranjan, Quentin, Ansel, Reinier, Heeres, Bartolo, Albanese, Emanuele, Albertinale, Denis, Vion, Daniel, Esteve, Steffen J, Glaser, Dominique, Sugny, Patrice, Bertet, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [München], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; In high sensitivity inductive electron spin resonance spectroscopy, superconducting microwave resonators with large quality factors are employed. While they enhance the sensitivity, they also distort considerably the shape of the applied rectangular microwave control pulses, which limits the degree of control over the spin ensemble. Here, we employ shaped microwave pulses compensating the signal distortion to drive the spins faster than the resonator bandwidth. This translates into a shorter echo, with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The shaped pulses are also useful to minimize the dead-time of our spectrometer, which allows to reduce the wait time between successive drive pulses.
Published: 2019
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24. Near-quantum-limited amplification from inelastic Cooper-pair tunnelling

Author: Max Hofheinz, F. Blanchet, P. Joyez, Fabien Portier, Dibyendu Hazra, Denis Vion, Salha Jebari, Alexander Grimm, Romain Albert, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007), ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016), European Project: 278203,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,WIQOJO(2012), and European Project: 218783,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2007-C,SCOPE(2008)
Subjects: Josephson effect, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Quantum limit, Amplifier, Quantum noise, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Qubit, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract: Nature sets fundamental limits regarding how accurate the amplification of analog signals may be. For instance, a linear amplifier unavoidably adds some noise which amounts to half a photon at best. While for most applications much higher noise levels are acceptable, the readout of microwave quantum systems, such as spin or superconducting qubits, requires noise as close as possible to this ultimate limit. To date, it is approached only by parametric amplifiers exploiting non-linearities in superconducting circuits and driven by a strong microwave pump tone. However, this microwave drive makes them much more difficult to implement and operate than conventional DC powered amplifiers, which so far suffer from much higher noise. Here we present the first experimental proof that a simple DC-powered setup allows for amplification close to the quantum limit. Our amplification scheme is based on the stimulated microwave photon emission accompanying inelastic Cooper pair tunneling through a DC-biased Josephson junction, with the key to low noise lying in a well defined auxiliary idler mode, in analogy to parametric amplifiers., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2018
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25. Erratum: Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 126801 (2015)]

Author: Carles Altimiras, Pascal Simon, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Olivier Parlavecchio, Inès Safi, Patrice Roche, P. Joyez, Jean-Rene Souquet, and Fabien Portier
Subjects: Physics, Quantum circuit, Tunnel junction, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Dissipation, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.126801.
Published: 2017

26. Magnetic Resonance with Squeezed Microwaves

Author: Alexander Holm Kiilerich, John J. L. Morton, Jarryd J. Pla, Xin Zhou, Daniel Esteve, Audrey Bienfait, Patrice Bertet, Klaus Moelmer, Thomas Schenkel, S. Probst, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom, and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER, Magnetism, QC1-999, Vacuum state, General Physics and Astronomy, QUANTUM LIMIT, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, NOISE, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum metrology, 010306 general physics, Quantum fluctuation, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, LIGHT, STATES, CAVITY, Quantum Information, Vacuum level, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave, INTERFEROMETER, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: Vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field set a fundamental limit to the sensitivity of a variety of measurements, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report the use of squeezed microwave fields, which are engineered quantum states of light for which fluctuations in one field quadrature are reduced below the vacuum level, to enhance the detection sensitivity of an ensemble of electronic spins at millikelvin temperatures.} By shining a squeezed vacuum state on the input port of a microwave resonator containing the spins, we obtain a $1.2$\,dB noise reduction at the spectrometer output compared to the case of a vacuum input. This result constitutes a proof of principle of the application of quantum metrology to magnetic resonance spectroscopy., Comment: Main text : 19 pages, 6 figures. Followed by a 18-pages Supplementary Information section, which includes 6 Supplementary Figures
Published: 2017
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27. A Resazurin Based Bio Sensor for Detection of Organic Pollutants in Water

Author: Marie-Charline Blatché, Amani Migaou, Ali Boukabache, Anne-Marie Gué, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Pollutant, Chemistry, Glucose detection, chemistry.chemical_element, microsystem, Resazurin, lcsh:A, Oxygen, organic pollutants detection, chemistry.chemical_compound, water analysis, Environmental chemistry, Bio sensor, lcsh:General Works, Inhibitory effect
Abstract: With the objective of water analysis, a microsystem was developed, by using Resazurin molecule as an indirect bio sensor. The detection principle consists to monitor optically the oxygen consumption of E. Coli bacteria towards their metabolism in presence of organic pollutants. Thus, aiming on Glucose detection, a concentration-dependent inhibition effect on oxygen consumption rate was evidenced in the [0–0.41 mM] range of organic pollutants.
Published: 2017

28. Biomedical Monitoring Technologies and Future Healthcare Systems

Author: Eric Campo, Daniel Esteve, Marie Chan, Damien Brulin, Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents (LAAS-S4M), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Telemedicine, healthcare systems, Health information technology, media_common.quotation_subject, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, information and communication technologies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Monitoring technology, Health care, electronic medical records, Quality (business), 030212 general & internal medicine, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Biomedical technology, media_common, business.industry, Telecare, Information technology, 3. Good health, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Risk analysis (engineering), Information and Communications Technology, health organizations, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business
Abstract: International audience; Healthcare Systems (HCSs) throughout the world undergo important changes driven by aging populations and advances in biomedical technologies. At the same time, in the current economic climate, many Western countries are struggling to reduce public spending on all kinds of services, including healthcare. With this tension between tightening budgets and skyrocketing costs, many countries are seeking to identify ways of using Information Technology (IT) and Monitoring Technologies (MTs) to improve the efficiencies of HCSs while not reducing, or possibly even improving, the quality of healthcare and their delivery. Many experiments have been in progress since the 1990s. This paper has conducted a review evaluating such HCSs in terms of advantages and drawbacks. The objective of this review is to provide some illustrative publications and works and examples of Health Information Technology (HIT) systems to finally determine the place of biomedical MTs in the future HCS. We present the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) organization with roles of the different stakeholders, state initiatives in healthcare information delivery systems and the new relation between the hospital and the home though a new equilibrium. We mentioned the increasing role of telemedicine (TM), telecare (TLC) and telemonitoring (TLM) and expectations for monitoring the elderly. These expectations lead to preventive approaches based on monitoring technologies and pervasive healthcare (PH) which made healthcare improvements and cost reductions possible. Finally, we show the challenges and opportunities of the hospital versus home healthcare delivery.
Published: 2017

29. Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the Purcell regime

Author: S. Probst, Patrice Bertet, John J. L. Morton, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Reinier Heeres, O. Jacquot, Andrin Doll, Emmanuel Flurin, V. Ranjan, B. Albanese, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), London Centre for Nanotechnology, and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Biophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Purcell effect, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Laser linewidth, Resonator, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Spontaneous emission, Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, Relaxation (NMR), Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Spin echo, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics
Abstract: When spin relaxation is governed by spontaneous emission of a photon into the resonator used for signal detection (the Purcell effect), the relaxation time $T_1$ depends on the spin-resonator frequency detuning $\delta$ and coupling constant $g$. We analyze the consequences of this unusual dependence for the amplitude and temporal shape of a spin-echo in a number of different experimental situations. When the coupling $g$ is distributed inhomogeneously, we find that the effective spin-echo relaxation time measured in a saturation recovery sequence strongly depends on the parameters of the detection echo. When the spin linewidth is larger than the resonator bandwidth, the Fourier components of the echo relax with different characteristic times, which implies that the temporal shape of the echo becomes dependent on the repetition time of the experiment. We provide experimental evidence of these effects with an ensemble of donor spins in silicon at millikelvin temperatures measured by a superconducting micro-resonator., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020
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30. Atomic Scale Simulation of Dislocation Loops Formation in Thin Foil under High Energy Electron Irradiation

Author: M. Djafari-Rouhani, E. Boucetta, Daniel Esteve, H. Idrissi-Saba, A. Amghar, and A. M. Gué
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Annihilation, Computer science, Monte Carlo method, Radius, Dislocation, Diffusion (business), Molecular physics, Crystallographic defect, Atomic units, FOIL method
Abstract: Using a personnel computer, we have simulated the diffusion and agglomeration of point defects in thin foil under high energy electron irradiation. The physical model has been developed by using the Monte Carlo technique. Four types of reactions are assumed to take place: di-interstitial creation by agglomeration of two free interstitials, vacancy-interstitial annihilation, interstitial trapping by dislocation loops and interstitial annihilation on the sample surfaces. In the simulation only interstitials are mobile and extended defects are assumed to be interstitial type. We have calculated the concentration of point defects, extended defects and the size of the latter. We compared them to the results of the Chemical Reaction Rate Theory (CRRT). It has been found that the dislocation loops are distributed in the center of material leaving areas denuded close to the surface and the loops radius is also strongly dependent on the location of the defect in thin foil with respect to the results of experimental and CRRT. To explain the origin of these phenomena we have exploited the spatial distribution of vacancies close to free surfaces and around dislocation loops. These types of informations are totally missing in the CRRT and experimental.
Published: 2014
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31. When Does Alzheimer′s Disease Really Start? The Role of Biomarkers

Author: Ana Cervera-Ferri, Paloma Monllor, Mariana Nepomuceno, Maria-Angeles Lloret, Daniel Esteve, Begoña Lopez, and Ana Lloret
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, ad spectrum, Gradual progression, Variable time, Influential Publications, Review, Disease, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Intensive care medicine, Cognitive impairment, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Pathological, ad dynamic, imaging biomarkers, Spectroscopy, Cerebral atrophy, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, biomarkers, csf, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, dementia
Abstract: While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) classical diagnostic criteria rely on clinical data from a stablished symptomatic disease, newer criteria aim to identify the disease in its earlier stages. For that, they incorporated the use of AD’s specific biomarkers to reach a diagnosis, including the identification of Aβ and tau depositions, glucose hypometabolism, and cerebral atrophy. These biomarkers created a new concept of the disease, in which AD’s main pathological processes have already taken place decades before we can clinically diagnose the first symptoms. Therefore, AD is now considered a dynamic disease with a gradual progression, and dementia is its final stage. With that in mind, new models were proposed, considering the orderly increment of biomarkers and the disease as a continuum, or the variable time needed for the disease’s progression. In 2011, the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) created separate diagnostic recommendations for each stage of the disease continuum—preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. However, new scientific advances have led them to create a unifying research framework in 2018 that, although not intended for clinical use as of yet, is a step toward shifting the focus from the clinical symptoms to the biological alterations and toward changing the future diagnostic and treatment possibilities. This review aims to discuss the role of biomarkers in the onset of AD.
Published: 2019
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32. Exciting Andreev pairs in a superconducting atomic contact

Author: Daniel Esteve, Cristian Urbina, Landry Bretheau, Caglar Girit, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Josephson effect, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Andreev reflection, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Pi Josephson junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, supercurrent, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Superconductivity, Multidisciplinary, Andreev bound states, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, weak links, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Excited state, Superconducting tunnel junction, qubits, 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing
Abstract: The Josephson effect describes the flow of supercurrent in a weak link, such as a tunnel junction, nanowire, or molecule, between two superconductors. It is the basis for a variety of circuits and devices, with applications ranging from medicine to quantum information. Currently, experiments using Josephson circuits that behave like artificial atoms are revolutionizing the way we probe and exploit the laws of quantum physics. Microscopically, the supercurrent is carried by Andreev pair states, which are localized at the weak link. These states come in doublets and have energies inside the superconducting gap. Existing Josephson circuits are based on properties of just the ground state of each doublet and so far the excited states have not been directly detected. Here we establish their existence through spectroscopic measurements of superconducting atomic contacts. The spectra, which depend on the atomic configuration and on the phase difference between the superconductors, are in complete agreement with theory. Andreev doublets could be exploited to encode information in novel types of superconducting qubits., Submitted to Nature
Published: 2013
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33. Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with 65 spins/ Hz sensitivity

Author: John J. L. Morton, Patrice Bertet, Jarryd J. Pla, Denis Vion, Klaus Mølmer, Thomas Schenkel, Reinier Heeres, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, S. Probst, Audrey Bienfait, Daniel Esteve, J. F. Da Silva Barbosa, B. Albanese, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Yale University [New Haven], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: Technology, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Applied Physics, Physics, Superconductivity, Spins, Spectrometer, Resonator mode, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Physical Sciences, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Atomic physics, Parametric oscillator, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: © 2017 Author(s). We report electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built spectrometer comprising a superconducting micro-resonator at 7 GHz and a Josephson parametric amplifier. Owing to the small (∼10-12λ3) magnetic resonator mode volume and to the low noise of the parametric amplifier, the spectrometer's single shot sensitivity reaches 260 ± 40 spins/echo translating into 65±10 spins/√Hz for repeated acquisition.
Published: 2017
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34. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling

Author: P. Joyez, Denis Vion, Y. Mukharsky, Patrice Roche, Bjoern Kubala, Joachim Ankerhold, Fabien Portier, Daniel Esteve, O. Parlavecchio, Mircea Trif, Carles Altimiras, Pascal Simon, M. P. Westig, Max Hofheinz, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Complex Quantum Systems (ICQ), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut für Theoretische Physik (ITP), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)
Subjects: Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Classical limit, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Light emission, Atomic physics, Cooper pair, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract: International audience; We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.
Published: 2017
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35. Smart wearable systems: Current status and future challenges

Author: Jean-Yves Fourniols, Daniel Esteve, Marie Chan, Eric Campo, and Christophe Escriba
Subjects: Decision support system, Computer science, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Medicine (miscellaneous), Wearable computer, Clothing, Artificial Intelligence, Health care, Humans, Confidentiality, Disease management (health), Self-Help Devices, Implementation, Simulation, business.industry, Continuous monitoring, Disease Management, Equipment Design, Home Care Services, Data science, Telemedicine, Equipment and Supplies, business, Wireless Technology
Abstract: Objective: Extensive efforts have been made in both academia and industry in the research and development of smart wearable systems (SWS) for health monitoring (HM). Primarily influenced by skyrocketing healthcare costs and supported by recent technological advances in micro- and nanotechnologies, miniaturisation of sensors, and smart fabrics, the continuous advances in SWS will progressively change the landscape of healthcare by allowing individual management and continuous monitoring of a patient's health status. Consisting of various components and devices, ranging from sensors and actuators to multimedia devices, these systems support complex healthcare applications and enable low-cost wearable, non-invasive alternatives for continuous 24-h monitoring of health, activity, mobility, and mental status, both indoors and outdoors. Our objective has been to examine the current research in wearable to serve as references for researchers and provide perspectives for future research. Methods: Herein, we review the current research and development of and the challenges facing SWS for HM, focusing on multi-parameter physiological sensor systems and activity and mobility measurement system designs that reliably measure mobility or vital signs and integrate real-time decision support processing for disease prevention, symptom detection, and diagnosis. For this literature review, we have chosen specific selection criteria to include papers in which wearable systems or devices are covered. Results: We describe the state of the art in SWS and provide a survey of recent implementations of wearable health-care systems. We describe current issues, challenges, and prospects of SWS. Conclusion: We conclude by identifying the future challenges facing SWS for HM.
Published: 2012
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36. The Effectiveness of Vitamin E Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease

Author: Ana Cervera-Ferri, Ana Lloret, Daniel Esteve, Paloma Monllor, and Angeles Lloret
Subjects: Drug, brain health, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Review, Disease, Bioinformatics, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, Vitamin E, Dementia, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Beneficial effects, Spectroscopy, media_common, Clinical Trials as Topic, non-respondents, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Cognition, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, Oxidative Stress, Treatment Outcome, antioxidants, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, respondents to vitamin E, Cognition Disorders, business, Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract: Vitamin E was proposed as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease many years ago. However, the effectiveness of the drug is not clear. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and neuroprotector and it has anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties, driving to its importance for brain health. Moreover, the levels of vitamin E in Alzheimer’s disease patients are lower than in non-demented controls. Thus, vitamin E could be a good candidate to have beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s. However, evidence is consistent with a limited effectiveness of vitamin E in slowing progression of dementia; the information is mixed and inconclusive. The question is why does vitamin E fail to treat Alzheimer’s disease? In this paper we review the studies with and without positive results in Alzheimer’s disease and we discuss the reasons why vitamin E as treatment sometimes has positive results on cognition but at others, it does not.
Published: 2019
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37. Manipulating Fock states of a harmonic oscillator while preserving its linearity

Author: K. Juliusson, Mazyar Mirrahimi, H. Le Sueur, Xin Zhou, Simon Bernon, Vivien Schmitt, Pierre Rouchon, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), QUANTum Information Circuits (QUANTIC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), European Project: 264666,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,CCQED(2011), European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Inria de Paris, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), CSNSM AN, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, PACS numbers: 85.25.−j, 84.40.Dc, 42.50.Dv, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fock space, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, circuit-QED, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, quantum electrodynamics, 010306 general physics, qubit, Harmonic oscillator, Microwave cavity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, Anharmonicity, Resonance, Transmon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Vackář oscillator, Qubit, microwave cavity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We present a new scheme for controlling the quantum state of a harmonic oscillator by coupling it to an anharmonic multilevel system (MLS) with first to second excited state transition frequency on-resonance with the oscillator. In this scheme that we call "ef-resonant", the spurious oscillator Kerr non-linearity inherited from the MLS is very small, while its Fock states can still be selectively addressed via an MLS transition at a frequency that depends on the number of photons. We implement this concept in a circuit-QED setup with a microwave 3D cavity (the oscillator, with frequency 6.4 GHz and quality factor QO=2E-6) embedding a frequency tunable transmon qubit (the MLS). We characterize the system spectroscopically and demonstrate selective addressing of Fock states and a Kerr non-linearity below 350 Hz. At times much longer than the transmon coherence times, a non-linear cavity response with driving power is also observed and explained., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2016
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38. Thrombin detection in murine plasma using engineered fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptadimers

Author: Aurélien Bancaud, Marie Brut, Anne-Marie Gué, Ana Trapaidze, Serge Mazères, Daniel Esteve, Équipe Nano Ingénierie et Intégration des Systèmes ( LAAS-N2IS ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale ( IPBS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Nano Ingénierie et Intégration des Systèmes (LAAS-N2IS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Aptamer, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Thrombin, medicine, A-DNA, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Chemistry, Molecular biophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Förster resonance energy transfer, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Biophysics, Target protein, 0210 nano-technology, Linker, medicine.drug, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: International audience; Biodetection strategies, in which two sides of one target protein are targeted simultaneously, have been shown to increase specificity, selectivity, and affinity, and it has been suggested that they constitute excellent candidates for protein sensing in complex media. In this study we propose a method to engineer the sequence of a DNA construct dedicated to reversible thrombin detection. This construct, called Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) aptadimer, is assembled with two aptamers, which target different epitopes of thrombin, interconnected with a DNA linker that contains a FRET couple and a reversible double helix stem. In the absence of target, the stem is stable maintaining a FRET couple in close proximity, and fluorescence is unquenched upon thrombin addition due to the dehybridization of the stem. We define design rules for the conception of FRET aptadimers, and develop a software to optimize their functionality. One engineered FRET aptadimer sequence is subsequently characterized experimentally by temperature scanning fluorimetry, demonstrating the relevance of our technology for thrombin sensing in bulk and diluted murine plasma.
Published: 2015
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39. Coherent manipulation of Andreev states in superconducting atomic contacts

Author: Caglar Girit, Camille Janvier, L. Tosi, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Michael Stern, P. Joyez, Landry Bretheau, Cristian Urbina, M. F. Goffman, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), and ANR-12-BS04-0016,MASH,Etats de Majorana et d'Andreev dans des circuits hybrides combinant des matériaux magnétiques et supraconducteurs(2012)
Subjects: Mesoscopic Superconductivity, Ciencias Físicas, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum system, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Multidisciplinary, Quantum bit, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Manipulation, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Andreev Bound States, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Astronomía, Coherent control, Qubit, Quasiparticle, Andreev States, 0210 nano-technology, Qubits, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Coherent control of quantum states has been demonstrated in a variety of superconducting devices. In all these devices, the variables that are manipulated are collective electromagnetic degrees of freedom: charge, superconducting phase, or flux. Here, we demonstrate the coherent manipulation of a quantum system based on Andreev bound states, which are microscopic quasiparticle states inherent to superconducting weak links. Using a circuit quantum electrodynamics setup we perform single-shot readout of this "Andreev qubit". We determine its excited state lifetime and coherence time to be in the microsecond range. Quantum jumps and parity switchings are observed in continuous measurements. In addition to possible quantum information applications, such Andreev qubits are a testbed for the physics of single elementary excitations in superconductors., Comment: Supplementary Materials at the end of the file
Published: 2015
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40. Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity

Author: John J. L. Morton, Cheuk Chi Lo, Denis Vion, Michael Stern, Jarryd J. Pla, Yuimaru Kubo, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, Xin Zhou, C. D. Weis, Audrey Bienfait, Thomas Schenkel, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), the C’Nano IdF project QUANTROCRYO. J.J.L.M. is supported by the Royal Society. C.C.L. is supported by the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. T.S. and C.D.W. were supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014), European Project: 608512,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,ASCENT(2014), European Project: 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), European Project : 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS ( 2014 ), European Project : 608512,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,ASCENT ( 2014 ), and European Project : 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM
Subjects: Quantum information, General Science & Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, 010306 general physics, Quantum optics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, Relaxation (NMR), Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Spin engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum spin liquid, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Nitrogen-vacancy center, Magnetic dipole
Abstract: Spontaneous emission of radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms by which an excited quantum system returns to equilibrium. For spins, however, spontaneous emission is generally negligible compared to other non-radiative relaxation processes because of the weak coupling between the magnetic dipole and the electromagnetic field. In 1946, Purcell realized that the spontaneous emission rate can be strongly enhanced by placing the quantum system in a resonant cavity -an effect which has since been used extensively to control the lifetime of atoms and semiconducting heterostructures coupled to microwave or optical cavities, underpinning single-photon sources. Here we report the first application of these ideas to spins in solids. By coupling donor spins in silicon to a superconducting microwave cavity of high quality factor and small mode volume, we reach for the first time the regime where spontaneous emission constitutes the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. The relaxation rate is increased by three orders of magnitude when the spins are tuned to the cavity resonance, showing that energy relaxation can be engineered and controlled on-demand. Our results provide a novel and general way to initialise spin systems into their ground state, with applications in magnetic resonance and quantum information processing. They also demonstrate that, contrary to popular belief, the coupling between the magnetic dipole of a spin and the electromagnetic field can be enhanced up to the point where quantum fluctuations have a dramatic effect on the spin dynamics; as such our work represents an important step towards the coherent magnetic coupling of individual spins to microwave photons., 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Published: 2015
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41. Storage and retrieval of microwave fields at the single-photon level in a spin ensemble

Author: Patrice Bertet, Wen-Long Ma, Klaus Mølmer, Michael Stern, Yuimaru Kubo, Vincent Jacques, Junichi Isoya, Brian Julsgaard, Audrey Bienfait, K. Nakamura, Daniel Esteve, Cecile Grezes, Ren-Bao Liu, Shinobu Onoda, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Physics [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The support of the C’Nano IdF project QUANTROCRYO, JST, and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 26246001), ANR-11-CHRI-0003,QINVC(2011), European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Photon, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, PACS number(s): 03.67.Lx, 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Pq, 85.25.Cp, Figure of merit, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (signal processing), Spin-½
Abstract: We report the storage of microwave pulses at the single-photon level in a spin-ensemble memory consisting of $10^{10}$ NV centers in a diamond crystal coupled to a superconducting LC resonator. The energy of the signal, retrieved $100\, \mu \mathrm{s}$ later by spin-echo techniques, reaches $0.3\%$ of the energy absorbed by the spins, and this storage efficiency is quantitatively accounted for by simulations. This figure of merit is sufficient to envision first implementations of a quantum memory for superconducting qubits., Comment: 6 pages
Published: 2015
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42. Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit

Author: Jean René Souquet, Denis Vion, P. Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Olivier Parlavecchio, Daniel Esteve, Inès Safi, Pascal Simon, Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Admittance, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Coulomb Blockade, Quantum noise, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Coulomb blockade, Quantum Noise, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Noise (electronics), Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Superconducting tunnel junction, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum fluctuation, Fluctuation-Dissipation relation, DC bias
Abstract: We derive fluctuation-dissipation relations for a tunnel junction driven by a high impedance microwave resonator, displaying strong quantum fluctuations. We find that the fluctuation-dissipation relations derived for classical forces hold, provided the effect of the circuit's quantum fluctuations is incorporated into a modified non-linear $I(V)$ curve. We also demonstrate that all quantities measured under a coherent time dependent bias can be reconstructed from their dc counterpart with a photo-assisted tunneling relation. We confirm these predictions by implementing the circuit and measuring the dc current through the junction, its high frequency admittance and its current noise at the frequency of the resonator., Comment: Publisehd as Physical Review Letters, 114, 126801
Published: 2015
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43. A Method and Tool to Support the Management of Systems Engineering Projects

Author: Rui Xue, Michel Malbert, Claude Baron, Daniel Esteve, Philippe Esteban, Équipe Ingénierie Système et Intégration (LAAS-ISI), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Nano Ingénierie et Intégration des Systèmes (LAAS-N2IS), Sigma Plus, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Computer science, Program management, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CE]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science [cs.CE], Assertion, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Computer Science Applications, Domain (software engineering), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], Lead (geology), Management of Technology and Innovation, Systems engineering, Key (cryptography), [INFO.INFO-SY]Computer Science [cs]/Systems and Control [cs.SY], [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Project portfolio management, Project management, Set (psychology), business
Abstract: International audience; Too many industrial projects still fail, mainly due to the managerial techniques used. Indeed, organizational processes are more or less specifically mentioned in systems engineering standards, but in practice, project managers tend to rely more on their own standards, which sometimes set forth practices that do not align with those of the systems engineering domain, hence the reported discrepancies that very often lead to project failure. Thus, we argue that, to improve the companies’ competitiveness when developing new products, cooperation between processes related to system development and project management is key to achieving performance and success. This article presents arguments that tend to support this assertion and introduces an ongoing project to develop both a method and tool that aim to integrate both domains.
Published: 2015
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44. Comparative study of the monolayers A3Si(CH2)nOCOCH3 (A=Cl,OH) adsorpted on silica surface

Author: L. Jeloaica, Ahmed Dkhissi, M. Djafari-Rouhani, Daniel Esteve, and Alain Estève
Subjects: General Computer Science, Chemistry, Hydrogen bond, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Electronic structure, Grafting, Computational Mathematics, Mechanics of Materials, Computational chemistry, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Covalent bond, Monolayer, Molecule, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Density functional theory
Abstract: Ab-initio density functional theory calculations have been carried out on the grafting of two different chains organosilane compounds on SiO 2 hydroxylated solid surfaces. The silica surface is modeled by a Si 12 O 14 H 24 trydimite based molecule. The organosilane chains to be grafted to the surface are the trihydroxysilanes and the trichlorosilanes with only few alkyls chains. The calculations have been performed with hybrid density functional (B3-LYP/6-31 + G**). Two final products are obtained and are stabilized with two types of interaction: a covalent bond Si O Si on one side of the chain and a hydrogen bond H O … O on the other side of the chain so that the chain lies flat to the surface. The electronic and geometrical properties of these grafted systems are studied. These results give new insight about the grafting of long chains organosilane on silica surfaces.
Published: 2005
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45. Three-step mechanism of the water recombination reactions on SiO2/Si surface in the first stage of ZrO2 atomic layer deposition

Author: M. Djafari-Rouhani, Alain Estève, L. Jeloaica, Ahmed Dkhissi, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Zirconium, General Computer Science, Hydrogen, Chemistry, Reaction step, Enthalpy, Inorganic chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Endothermic process, Computational Mathematics, Atomic layer deposition, Mechanics of Materials, Chemisorption, Physical chemistry, Molecule, General Materials Science
Abstract: The hydrolysis pathway reaction of the initial stage of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of the high-k zirconium oxide on SiO2/Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) reconstructed surface is investigated using a hybrid density functional method. Mechanisms in the hydrolysis reaction of the chemisorbed complexes formed at the surface as a result of the interaction of zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) as precursor with the model of SiO2 surface are proposed. The calculated reaction pathways address a three-step mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction. Each step describes the interaction of a single H2O molecule with the active complex of the surface and ends through the replacement of one chlorine atom in the metallic complex by an OH group. For typical ALD conditions, the results exhibit endothermic recombination reactions (overall enthalpy ΔH is +0.78 eV/particle) of all water-decomposed molecules. The end product, HCl, is carried out after each reaction step, but it remains hydrogen bonded at the surface (∼0.2 eV/product) in the absence of appropriate purge periods.
Published: 2005
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46. DFT investigation of HfCl 4 decomposition on hydroxylated SiO 2 : first stage of HfO 2 atomic layer deposition

Author: M. Djafari Rouhani, Alain Estève, Daniel Esteve, and L. Jeloaica
Subjects: General Computer Science, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Adsorbed molecule, General Chemistry, Molecular precursor, Computational Mathematics, Atomic layer deposition, Mechanics of Materials, Molecule, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Density functional theory, Adsorption energy, Chemical decomposition, Excitation
Abstract: Density functional theory is used to address the initial stage of HfO2 growth on hydroxylated SiO2 as a part of atomic layer deposition process of HfO2 on Si(1 0 0). We perform a constrained minimization procedure to investigate the reaction pathway of the HfCl4 molecular precursor decomposition on ultra-thin SiO2. This is done through the static excitation of one single normal vibrational mode of the precursor molecule. We find a chemisorbed state with an associated 0.48 eV adsorption energy. Starting from this minimum, and using the above pathway, an activation barrier of 0.88 eV is determined to arrive at a complex intermediate. Then the reaction end product is determined giving rise to a HCl adsorbed molecule on the surface.
Published: 2003
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47. Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Author: Thomas Schenkel, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, Brian Julsgaard, Audrey Bienfait, Daniel Esteve, Cheuk Chi Lo, Michael Stern, Jarryd J. Pla, Klaus Mølmer, Xin Zhou, John J. L. Morton, C. D. Weis, Yuimaru Kubo, Mike L. W. Thewalt, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Bar Ilan University of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Also support by C’Nano IdF through the QUANTROCRYO project. J.J.L.M. is supported by the Royal Society. C.C. Lo is supported by the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851.B. Julsgaard and K. Mølmer acknowledge support from the Villum Foundation. C.D.W.and T.S. acknowledge support from the Office of Science of the US Department of Energyunder contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, European Project : 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS ( 2014 ), European Project : 279781,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,ASCENT ( 2011 ), European Project : 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, European Project : 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT ( 2013 ), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Bar-Ilan University [Israël], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University College of London [London] (UCL), European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014), European Project: 279781,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,ASCENT(2011), European Project: 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, and European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013)
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, 02 engineering and technology, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 01 natural sciences, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, law.invention, quant-ph, law, General Materials Science, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Microwaves, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Quantum limit, Microchemistry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, Noise (electronics), Sensitivity and Specificity, Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), cond-mat.mes-hall, Electronic, Air Conditioning, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, Larmor precession, Miniaturization, Spins, Amplifiers, Electronic, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Reproducibility of Results, Amplifiers, Equipment Failure Analysis, Quantum Theory, Nanoparticles, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: We report pulsed electron-spin resonance (ESR) measurements on an ensemble of Bismuth donors in Silicon cooled at 10mK in a dilution refrigerator. Using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality factor superconducting micro-resonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, reduced to just 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance., Main text : 10 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary text : 16 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2015
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48. Finding the Elusive E × B Staircase in Magnetized Plasmas

Author: Patrick Maget, Patrick Diamond, Guilhem Dif-Pradalier, J. Abiteboul, Yusuke Kosuga, Virginie Grandgirard, Philippe Ghendrih, P. Morel, C. Ehrlacher, Xavier Garbet, Grégoire Hornung, F. Clairet, Yanick Sarazin, Özgür D. Gürcan, A. Storelli, T. Cartier-Michaud, C. Norscini, Daniel Esteve, Roland Sabot, Pascale Hennequin, Laure Vermare, Guillaume Latu, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No WP14-ER-01. HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (Grant No. 2014-056884) and from IFERC-CSC.National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915., Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kyushu University
Subjects: General Physics, Tokamak, Plasma parameters, Mesoscale meteorology, General Physics and Astronomy, Tore Supra, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Engineering, GYROKINETIC SIMULATIONS, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Gyrokinetics, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, Reflectometry, Physics, BARRIERS, Condensed matter physics, Turbulence, Plasma, TRANSPORT, Physics and Astronomy, Quantum electrodynamics, Physical Sciences, PACS numbers: 52.30.Gz, 52.35.Mw, 52.35.Ra, 52.65.Tt
Abstract: © 2015 American Physical Society. Turbulence in hot magnetized plasmas is shown to generate permeable localized transport barriers that globally organize into the so-called "ExB staircase" [G. Dif-Pradalier et al., Phys. Rev. E, 82, 025401(R) (2010)]. Its domain of existence and dependence with key plasma parameters is discussed theoretically. Based on these predictions, staircases are observed experimentally in the Tore Supra tokamak by means of high-resolution fast-sweeping X-mode reflectometry. This observation strongly emphasizes the critical role of mesoscale self-organization in plasma turbulence and may have far-reaching consequences for turbulent transport models and their validation.
Published: 2015
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49. Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits

Author: Igor Diniz, Junichi Isoya, Patrice Bertet, Hiroshi Abe, Takahide Umeda, Brian Julsgaard, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Cecile Grezes, Vincent Jacques, Shinobu Onoda, Klaus Moelmer, Hitoshi Sumiya, Jean-François Roch, Daniel Esteve, Kazuo Nakamura, Alexia Auffèves, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Research Center for Knowledge Communities, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)
Subjects: Flux qubit, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, 010306 general physics, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum computer, Physics, Quantum Physics, Quantum memory, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, General Engineering, NV centers in diamond, Centres NV du diamant, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Qubits de spin, Qubit, Spin qubits, Mémoire quantique, Qubits supraconducteurs, Superconducting qubits, 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: This article reviews efforts to build a new type of quantum device, which combines an ensemble of electronic spins with long coherence times, and a small-scale superconducting quantum processor. The goal is to store over long times arbitrary qubit states in orthogonal collective modes of the spin-ensemble, and to retrieve them on-demand. We first present the protocol devised for such a multi-mode quantum memory. We then describe a series of experimental results using NV center spins in diamond, which demonstrate its main building blocks: the transfer of arbitrary quantum states from a qubit into the spin ensemble, and the multi-mode retrieval of classical microwave pulses down to the single-photon level with a Hahn-echo like sequence. A reset of the spin memory is implemented in-between two successive sequences using optical repumping of the spins., Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2015
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50. Charge transfer: a key issue in silicon thermal oxidation growth

Author: Alain Estève, Daniel Esteve, and M. Djafari Rouhani
Subjects: Thermal oxidation, General Computer Science, Silicon, Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Ionic bonding, General Chemistry, Atomic units, Electronegativity, Computational Mathematics, Adsorption, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, Desorption, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract: A novel atomic scale model of thermal oxidation of Si(1 0 0) has been developed based on a kinetic Monte Carlo approach. This method is particularly useful to investigate atomic scale experimental data by linking them to the kinetics and energetics of atomic scale elementary mechanisms, i.e. migration, adsorption, desorption and reaction. We will focus on two recent experimental observations where we will qualitatively demonstrate that the oxidation process is partly driven by charge transfer arising from the ionic Si–O bond formation during oxidation induced by oxygen electronegativity. In conclusion we will show that our method is suitable to any further first principles investigation of reaction pathways in a multi-scale approach.
Published: 2002
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