1. European propolis is highly active against trypanosomatids including Crithidia fasciculata.
- Author
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Alotaibi A, Ebiloma GU, Williams R, Alenezi S, Donachie AM, Guillaume S, Igoli JO, Fearnley J, de Koning HP, and Watson DG
- Subjects
- Animals, Antiprotozoal Agents therapeutic use, Chromatography, Liquid, Euglenozoa Infections drug therapy, Flavanones analysis, Flavanones pharmacology, Flavonoids analysis, Flavonoids pharmacology, Mass Spectrometry, Propolis chemistry, Propolis therapeutic use, Antiprotozoal Agents pharmacology, Crithidia fasciculata drug effects, Propolis pharmacology, Trypanosoma brucei brucei drug effects, Trypanosoma congolense drug effects
- Abstract
Extracts of 35 samples of European propolis were tested against wild type and resistant strains of the protozoal pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense and Leishmania mexicana. The extracts were also tested against Crithidia fasciculata a close relative of Crithidia mellificae, a parasite of bees. Crithidia, Trypanosoma and Leishmania are all members of the order Kinetoplastida. High levels of activity were obtained for all the samples with the levels of activity varying across the sample set. The highest levels of activity were found against L. mexicana. The propolis samples were profiled by using liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and principal components analysis (PCA) of the data obtained indicated there was a wide variation in the composition of the propolis samples. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) associated a butyrate ester of pinobanksin with high activity against T. brucei whereas in the case of T. congolense high activity was associated with methyl ethers of chrysin and pinobanksin. In the case of C. fasciculata highest activity was associated with methyl ethers of galangin and pinobanksin. OPLS modelling of the activities against L. mexicana using the mass spectrometry produced a less successful model suggesting a wider range of active components.
- Published
- 2019
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