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The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of biogas liquid waste as a fermentation starter of rice husk to the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density. The method used laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) on factorial pattern (6 x 5) with the level of biogas waste liquid : P0-treatment (0% negative control), P0+ (Cellulomonas sp as positive control), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), P4 (20%) ml/g, and the incubation time : T0 (0 day control ), T1(7 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (21 days) and T4 (28 days). The variables measured was the content of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, gross energy and bulk density. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova) CRD Factorial pattern and if there is a significant difference was followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of research was the level of biogas liquid waste and the incubation time provides a significant influence (P

Biodegradation of reactive azo dyes has been an arduous problem for decades. Several efficient biosystems have been proposed for dye degradation, but most of them are dependent on the availability of costly co-substrates such as peptone, yeast extract, and/or glucose. The present study describes the azo dye degradation by a bacterial consortium using glycerol as a sole co-substrate. The consortium was developed from a mixed bacterial culture obtained upon enrichment of soil sediment for Reactive Blue 28 (RB28) decolorization in the presence of glycerol (0.1%; v/v). The consortium with three bacterial species, i.e., Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila APG1, Cellulomonas sp. APG4, and Pseudomonas stutzeri APG2, designated as “SCP,” decolorized 92% of 100 ppm dye in 96 h. The intricacies of the interactions existing within the members of the consortium were resolved by a simple and unique analysis called “BSocial.” Among all the members, Cellulomonas sp. APG4 exerted a net-positive impact for decolorization (%) on the consortium. The net fitness of the community increased when all the three species were present, and thus, all of them were selected for further analysis. Moreover, APG4 seemed to be central in the reductive decolorization as it possessed the highest reductase activity. The dye degradation by the consortium was demonstrated by UV-Visible spectroscopy, HPTLC, and FTIR spectroscopy of control and decolorized cell-free supernatant. The LC-ESI-MS analysis of metabolites extracted from decolorized cell-free medium led to the identification of degradation products, thus leading us to propose the plausible pathway for degradation of RB28 by bacterial consortium. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s42770-020-00303-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Our current knowledge on bacterial cadmium (Cd) resistance is mainly based on the functional exploration of specific Cd-resistance genes. In this study, we carried out a genomic study on Cd resistance of a newly isolated Cellulomonas strain with a MIC of 5 mM Cd. Full genome of the strain, with a genome size of 4.47 M bp and GC-content of 75.35%, was obtained through high-quality sequencing. Genome-wide annotations identified 54 heavy metal-related genes. Four potential Cd-resistance genes, namely zntAY8, copAY8, HMTY8, and czcDY8, were subjected to functional exploration. Quantitative PCR determination of in vivo expression showed that zntAY8, copAY8, and HMTY8 were strongly Cd-inducible. Expression of the three inducible genes against time and Cd concentrations were further quantified. It is found that zntAY8 responded more strongly to higher Cd concentrations, while expression of copAY8 and HMTY8 increased over time at lower Cd concentrations. Heterologous expression of the four genes in Cd-sensitive Escherichia coli led to different impacts on hosts’ Cd sorption, with an 87% reduction by zntAY8 and a 3.7-fold increase by HMTY8. In conclusion, a Cd-resistant Cellulomonas sp. strain was isolated, whose genome harbors a diverse panel of metal-resistance genes. Cd resistance in the strain is not controlled by a dedicated gene alone, but by several gene systems collectively whose roles are probably time- and dose-dependent. The plasmid-free, high-GC strain Y8 may provide a platform for exploring heavy metal genomics of the Cellulomonas genus.

Cellulomonas sp. strain PS-H5 was isolated from Sekinchan Beach in Selangor, Malaysia, using an ex situ cultivation method. The present work reports a high-quality draft annotated genome sequence of this strain and suggests its potential glycoside hydrolase enzymes for cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch degradations.

AIMS Lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction is a bottleneck for obtaining biofuels and value-added products. Our main goal was to characterize the secretome of a novel isolate, Cellulomonas sp. B6, when grown on residual biomass for the formulation of cost-efficient enzymatic cocktails. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 205 potential CAZymes in the genome of Cellulomonas sp. B6, 91 of which were glycoside hydrolases (GH). By secretome analysis of supernatants from cultures in either extruded wheat straw (EWS), grinded sugar cane straw (SCR) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), we identified which proteins played a role in lignocellulose deconstruction. Growth on CMC resulted in the secretion of two exoglucanases (GH6 and GH48) and two GH10 xylanases, while growth on SCR or EWS resulted in the identification of a diversity of CAZymes. From the 32 GHs predicted to be secreted, 22 were identified in supernatants from EWS and/or SCR cultures, including endo- and exoglucanases, xylanases, a xyloglucanase, an arabinofuranosidase/β-xylosidase, a β-glucosidase and an AA10. Surprisingly, among the xylanases, seven were GH10. CONCLUSIONS Growth of Cellulomonas sp. B6 on lignocellulosic biomass induced the secretion of a diverse repertoire of CAZymes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Cellulomonas sp. B6 could serve as a source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes applicable to bioprocessing and biotechnological industries.

The genome information will be useful for studies of microbial enzymes for industrial application in lignocellulosic biomass utilization. Fil: Piccinni, Florencia Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Murua, Yanina. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Exactas; Argentina Fil: Talia, Paola Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ghio, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Campos, Eleonora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

We present the genome of the cellulose-degrading Cellulomonas sp. strain FA1 isolated from an actively serpentinizing highly alkaline spring. Knowledge of this genome will enable studies into the molecular basis of plant material degradation in alkaline environments and inform the development of lignocellulose bioprocessing procedures for biofuel production.

An objective of this study was to develop high cellulase-producing bacteria by mutagenesis and optimization studies. Among 328 mutant strains of Cellulomonas sp. TSU-03, the mutant M23, NTG mutant, gave the highest value of cellulase activity 2008 U/mg protein) followed by mutant M17 (1884 U/mg protein) in CMC medium. The optimum medium and environmental conditions for cellulase production consisted of 4% wastepaper, 1% NaNO3 under cultivation temperature at 35°C with initial pH and agitation speed at 6 and 100 rpm, respectively. Cellulomonas sp. strain M23 produced the highest cellular growth (28.09 ± 2.28 g/L) and FPase, CMCase as well as, β-glucosidase activities at 325, 2420 and 152 U/mg protein, respectively. Under optimal condition, the cellulase activity achieved from strain M23 is 1.28- and 1.30-fold higher than cellulase from mutant M17 and wild type, respectively. After being subcultured 12 times, the cellulase production of the mutant M23 was stable. The results suggested that Cellulomonas sp. M23 had a good potential for production of cellulase by fermentation using a cultivation medium containing wastepaper as the main substrate. Key words: Mutagenesis, NTG, Ultraviolet, Wastepaper.

Windrow composting of biodegradable waste from Mercy College campus was studied. Four phases of the composting process were mesophilic I (25-45(C) (ii) thermophilic phase (45-68(C), (iii) mesophilic phase II, and (iv) maturation. A total of 94 bacterial strains were characterized. Mesophilic bacteria increased from 3.2 � 106 CFU/g dw to 12.4 x 1013 CFU/g dw on day 30th. Bacillus licheniformis (44 mm), Bacillus cereus (45 mm), Bacillus megaterium (41 mm) were the maximum amylase, protease and lipase producers. Bacillus species dominated in the thermophilic stage, Lactobacillus sp. in the second mesophilic phase, Cellulomonas sp. and Artobacter sp. in the maturation phase. pH, EC, MC, TOM, TOC, Total nitrogen, C/N ratio, P, Na, Ca, K, Fe and Heavy Metals like Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb were normal. Mature compost resulted with 93.87�1.2% of Allium cepa germination and mitotic index of 90.0�1.08%. The results help to design efficient windrow composting which provides an ideal pool of industrial enzymes.

This project report summarizes the results of a 3-way collaboration between researchers at Montana State University’s (MSU’s) Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE) (Drs. Robin Gerlach and Al Cunningham), the WSU/NSF IGERT Center for Multiphase Environmental Research (CMER) at Washington State University (WSU) (Dr. Brent Peyton who recently moved to MSU), and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) (Drs. William Apel and Frank Roberto). At WSU, removal of uranium (U) from aqueous solution was studied using Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6, under anaerobic, non-growth conditions. The Cellulomonadaceae are environmentally relevant subsurface bacteria, and strain ES6 was isolated from the DOE Hanford subsurface. To better understand the role of the pH buffer in the U immobilization process, both bicarbonate and PIPES buffers were used. Our results show for the first time the strain ES6 has multiple U immobilization mechanisms within one organism. Citations to resulting publications are included in the report.

The distribution of glycerol dehydrogenase activity was studied with cell-free extracts of bacteria, yeasts, molds and actinomycetes. High activity was found in 4 strains of bacteria and in 3 strains of molds. The enzymes of bacteria were dependent on NAD+ and those of molds were dependent on NADP+. An isolated gram-positive bacterium, which showed the high activity, was identified as Cellulomonas sp. NT3060. The total and specific activities were associated with growth of this strain and reached the maximum at the early stationary phase. Significant high level activity was detected in cell-free extracts from glycerol and glucose media.

A culture of Cellulomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis was grown using sugar cane bagasse pith from unburnt sugar cane (UCP) as the source of carbohydrates. The yield and production values were proved to be higher than those obtained with burnt sugar cane (BCP).

Steady-state continuous culture was used to optimize lean chemically defined media for a Cellulomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus strain T. Both organisms were extremely sensitive to variations in trace-metal concentrations. However, medium optimization by this technique proved rapid, and multifactor screening was easily conducted by using a minimum of instrumentation. The optimized media supported critical dilution rates of 0.571 and 0.467 h −1 for Cellulomonas and Bacillus , respectively. These values approximated maximum growth rate values observed in batch culture.