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90 results on '"Carpentry joints"'

1. Mechanical behaviour and failure modes of the selected carpentry joints in flexural elements

Author: Karolak, Anna and Jasieńko, Jerzy
Published: 2024
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2. Typology, current state and non-destructive testing of timber roof trusses of historic churches in the West Vistula Delta, Poland

Author: Tomasz Zybała, Monika Zielińska, Magdalena Rucka, Jarosław Przewłócki, and Karol Grębowski
Subjects: Architectural heritage, Timber structures, Timber roof trusses, Carpentry joints, Vistula Delta, Non-destructive testing, Fine Arts, Analytical chemistry, QD71-142
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents the current state of conservation of historic roof churches located in the Żuławy of Gdańsk (Poland). It also describes the architecture of these temples, the region itself and old carpentry techniques for constructing roof trusses. Interdisciplinary tests were carried out in six churches. The geometry of the load bearing structures, the moisture content and the carpentry technique were specified. The field survey also included visual inspections and non-destructive testing of timber structural elements of the roof constructions. The ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic testing methods were used to assess the structure and extent of the damage to the timber elements. The interdisciplinary research presented in this article is important in the planning of historic buildings conservation works and it might be applied to other timber structures.
Published: 2024
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3. Timber Structures and Prefabricated Concrete Composite Blocks as a Novel Development in Vertical Gardening.

Author: Teppand, Tõnis, Escuer, Olesja, Rikmann, Ergo, Liiv, Jüri, and Shanskiy, Merrit
Abstract: A modern, environmentally friendly urban lifestyle requires paying attention to landscaping and green areas. The scarcity of free land in cities and the high price of land require the combination of greenery with buildings—both vertically and horizontally. The developed green technology for construction brings together computer numerical control (CNC) processing of supporting structures and prefabricated solid planting blocks made of concrete composite. The timber structures are fixed together using traditional carpentry joints. The details, which will be manufactured in the factory using CNC processing at a controlled temperature and humidity corresponding to indoor conditions, can be easily assembled on the construction site. The high bending strength but good elasticity and connections of carpentry joints endow the structure with good properties in a non-controllable environment. By combining CNC-processed wooden structures with concrete technology as substrate composites, labor-intensive manual work in landscaping and gardening will be reduced in the future. The novel material-hardening substrate composite material uses only the residues as the raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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4. Historical scarf and splice carpentry joints: state of the art

Author: Anna Karolak, Jerzy Jasieńko, and Krzysztof Raszczuk
Subjects: Carpentry joints, Historical buildings, Scarf and splice joints, Stop-splayed scarf joints, Fine Arts, Analytical chemistry, QD71-142
Abstract: Abstract This paper summarises the current state of knowledge related to scarf and splice carpentry joints in flexural elements, also providing some examples of tensile joints. Descriptions and characteristics of these types of joints found in historical buildings are presented. In addition, issues related to forming carpentry joints in historic and heritage structures are discussed. Next, analyses and studies of flexural elements as well as selected examples of tensile joints described in the literature are presented. It is worth noting that authors of vast majority of the publications cited draw attention to the need for further research in this area. They acknowledge that existing descriptions are incomplete and insufficient for bringing about precise understanding and correct description of the static behaviour of these joints. Knowledge about designing and assessing static behaviour of existing carpentry joints is an important issue and is necessary to properly design and strengthen existing joints in historical timber structures.
Published: 2020
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5. Experimental research on tensile dovetail joint between rafter and collar beam.

Author: Karolak, Anna and Jasieńko, Jerzy
Subjects: *ENGINEERING design, *HISTORIC structures, *DESIGN services
Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of the dovetail joint, typical for rafter-collar-beam connection, under tension. The development of wooden structures with these joints, and the general principles of their static work are shortly presented. The results of research on: functional joint with proper contact surfaces, joint with loosened contact, and joint with reinforcement were presented. The results confirm that the dovetail joint can transfer tensile forces, some of which are transferred by the wooden dowel. Small loosenings between connected elements does not decrease the load-capacity or stiffness of the joint. The reinforcement changed the static behavior of the joint, as expected. The obtained results present a certain picture of the static behavior of the analyzed connection in the case of tension forces, and the drawn conclusions may be useful for engineers and conservators in design and implementation practice when working with historic wooden structures. • Dovetail joint between rafter and collar beam is able to transfer tensile forces. • Small loosening does not decrease the capacity or stiffness of the joint. • In dovetail joint under tension some force is transferred by the wooden dowel. • Reinforcement change the character of static behavior of the joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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6. Innovative Carpentry and Hybrid Joints in Contemporary Wooden Architecture

Author: Joanna Ludmiła Arlet
Subjects: wooden architecture, carpentry joints, tradition, innovation, artistic role, Arts in general, NX1-820
Abstract: Timber frame structures have a long and rich tradition. In addition to their functional and structural value, they are important elements of the cultural landscape. At the turn of the 21st century, concern for nature, resulting from the threat of environmental degradation, contributed to a growing interest in wooden constructions. For these reasons, we have observed the erection of buildings with wooden frame structures in many countries around the world. This trend contributed to the rapid development of wooden structures, new technologies, and innovative architectural solutions. The conducted research mainly focused on the joints used in their construction, as well as their perception. From among many examples, some original and innovative solutions were selected and analyzed. Their creators are famous architects: Renzo Piano, Imre Makovecz, Jürgen Meyer, Kengo Kuma, and Shigeru Ban. The objects presented in this article are distinguished by the originality of their form and by the fact that they are clearly inspired by vernacular architecture. Crucial elements of these objects, such as wooden, steel, and hybrid connections, are analyzed in this article. Because they are intentionally exposed, they play an important aesthetic role in addition to a structural one.
Published: 2021
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7. The wooden roof structures of Żuławy Region arcaded houses of type III - research, current state and analysis.

Author: Zybała, Tomasz
Subjects: WOODEN beams, ROOFING materials, CONSTRUCTION materials, CARPENTRY, HISTORIC buildings, DWELLINGS, WOODEN-frame buildings
Abstract: Historic arcaded houses of the delta of the Vistula were the subject of great interest of many researchers, but their work was focused mainly on historical-architectural aspects. There are no publications which would focus on details and comprehensive analyses of construction systems for this group of historic buildings. The article is the result of field research, archival query and calculations made by the author. The paper analyses the rafter framing constructions of the preserved arcaded houses of type III. The author has prepared a list of construction elements of roofs, carpentry joints, rafter inclination angles and described the state of preservation of roof structure. The paper also includes calculations of the average volume construction material of the roof structure per square meter of roof slope plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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8. Historical carpentry corner log joints—Numerical analysis within stochastic framework.

Author: Kłosowski, Paweł, Lubowiecka, Izabela, Pestka, Anna, and Szepietowska, Katarzyna
Subjects: *WOODEN-frame building design & construction, *TIMBER joints, *MECHANICAL behavior of materials, *FINITE element method, *STRESS concentration, *POLYNOMIAL chaos
Abstract: Highlights • Stresses distribution in carpentry joints is analysed based on FEM models. • Stress in the saddle notch connection is less sensitive to the boundary conditions. • Uncertainty of material and friction coefficient are propagated in the model. • High variance of the output is observed considering even only one kind of wood. • Uncertainty of material has a strong effect on the principal stress. Abstract The paper presents the results of numerical analysis performed on historical, traditional carpentry corner log joints of two basic topologies: the short-corner dovetail connection and the saddle notch connection. These types of carpentry joints are commonly used in currently preserved objects of wooden architecture. All connections have been modelled in pinewood, which has been defined in the Finite Element software MSC.Marc/Mentat as an orthotropic material. The numerical calculations have been carried out for two types of connections with two different boundary conditions and load types. The contact phenomenon between the individual elements of the connections has been taken into account. The main purpose of the research is to select the most damage-resistant type of connection and to determine the stress distributions on the contact surfaces, which demines the damage areas. However, a lot of uncertainties appear in the studied models, e.g. due to the natural variability of the material properties of wood and the uncertainty of friction coefficient. Therefore the uncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to include these uncertainties and study their effect on variation of the mechanical response of the connections. A regression-based non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion method has been employed to complete the task. The state-of-the-art knowledge about the damage-prone zones in the considered connections is immensely important since many wooden buildings, mostly historical, require maintenance, renovation and the reinforcement of existing, especially historical elements. On the contrary, there are not many results of related research published yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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9. LONG SPAN PORTAL FRAME MADE FROM GLULAM AND CLT MOUNTED TOGETHER USING ONLY CARPENTRY JOINTS.

Author: TEPPAND, Tõnis
Subjects: *GLULAM (Wood), *JOINTS (Engineering), *BUILDING design & construction, *STRUCTURAL frames, *MOISTURE in wood, *WOOD decay, *CARPENTRY
Abstract: The paper presents the results of concept design for modelling, designing and producing long span portal frames and constructing buildings with them. Ordinary portal frames of steel structure are not suitable in many cases for a variety of reasons. They are heavy and very fragile to transport, are not fire resistant, are present special difficulties in use because of possible corrosion and are always not satisfactory architecturally. Wood-steel assemblies such as flitch beams are also complicated because of possible condensed water on metal and fasteners. Constructions using GLULAM and CLT (especially in the last decade) show rising trend. Timber has very many good properties as a building material if we know or remind ourselves of the skills how to handle it. The biggest enemy of wood and the reason for decay is moisture. All structures and finishing materials need very careful and qualified design to avoid collection of water on surfaces and consequent increasing moisture content. This paper describes a method appropriate for the 21st century of how to design portal frames of GLULAM and CLT panels and construct of them without metallic fasteners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017

10. Timber Structures and Prefabricated Concrete Composite Blocks as a Novel Development in Vertical Gardening

Author: Tõnis Teppand, Olesja Escuer, Ergo Rikmann, Jüri Liiv, and Merrit Shanskiy
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, concrete composite substrate, CNC machining, modular assembly, carpentry joints, vertical gardening, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract: A modern, environmentally friendly urban lifestyle requires paying attention to landscaping and green areas. The scarcity of free land in cities and the high price of land require the combination of greenery with buildings—both vertically and horizontally. The developed green technology for construction brings together computer numerical control (CNC) processing of supporting structures and prefabricated solid planting blocks made of concrete composite. The timber structures are fixed together using traditional carpentry joints. The details, which will be manufactured in the factory using CNC processing at a controlled temperature and humidity corresponding to indoor conditions, can be easily assembled on the construction site. The high bending strength but good elasticity and connections of carpentry joints endow the structure with good properties in a non-controllable environment. By combining CNC-processed wooden structures with concrete technology as substrate composites, labor-intensive manual work in landscaping and gardening will be reduced in the future. The novel material-hardening substrate composite material uses only the residues as the raw materials.
Published: 2022
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11. Resistência de ligações de carpintaria tipo step-joint de dente duplo

Author: Soares, José Heitor de Queiroz, Dias, Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes, and Negrão, João Henrique Jorge de Oliveira
Subjects: Load division, Carpentry joints, Structural design, Ligações de carpintaria, Dimensionamento estrutural, Double-step joint, Step-joint de dente duplo, Repartição de cargas, Shearing surface, Superfície de corte
Abstract: Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal, a partir de ensaios experimentais e pesquisa, avaliar a repartição de cargas dos dentes, bem como a resistência ao corte nas ligações de dente duplo e estudar as superfícies de corte na rotura das mesmas.Historicamente, o dimensionamento manual das ligações de carpintaria tem sido feito com base em regras empíricas e conhecimento prático. Nas ligações de carpintaria tipo step-joint de dente duplo, embora existam procedimentos de cálculo para a determinação da repartição de carga entre os dois dentes e para a avaliação das cargas e modos de rotura, estes baseiam-se na adaptação das regras usadas para ligações de dente simples e, tanto quanto é do conhecimento do autor, não foram ainda comprovados por trabalho experimental. O estudo consistiu, inicialmente, na realização de ensaios destrutivos de ligações do tipo step-joint de dente simples e de dente duplo, para a determinação da carga de colapso da estrutura, tendo sido usado o protocolo de carga definido na norma EN 26 891. Posteriormente, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização, com peças retiradas dos provetes utilizados, para estimar os valores da resistência à flexão e ao corte, para além de módulo de elasticidade, massa volúmica e teor de água.Para entender o funcionamento mecânico da ligação, foram avaliados a carga de rotura e o mecanismo de colapso em cada ensaio e foram comparados com os já estimados, levando em conta a hipótese de distribuição de carga, regida pela resistência dos entalhes e métodos de dimensionamento propóstos pelo Professor Doutor João Henrique Negrão. This work has as its main objective, by means of experimental tests and researches, evaluate the load division between notches, as well as the shear resistance in double-step joint and study the shear surface in their failure.Historically, the manual design of carpentry joints has been made based on practical experience. In double-step carpentry joint, although there are calculation procedures to determine the load division between two notches as well as to evaluation of loads and modes of failure, they are based on using rules of both front and rear single step-joint. At first, the study consists of destructive tests of step-joint and double-step joint to determine the structure collapse load, considering the load protocol agreed in the EN 26 891 standard. Secondly, characterizations tests, with pieces of the used provets, were carried out, to estimate the values of bending and shear resistence, beyond the elasticity modulus, volumic mass, and moisture content.To understand the mechanical function of the joint, the failure load and the collapse mechanism in each test were evaluated. Then, they were compared with the previously estimated, regarding the load division between the two notches governed by the notch resistence and design methods proposed by PhD João Henrique Negrão.The lack of theoretical knowledge about the functioning of wood connections can lead to very conservative projects. In this sense, this dissertation has as general objective, starting from experimental studies and researches, to try evaluate existing load sharing rules in double-step joint carpentry connections and to study the shearing surfaces in their failure
Published: 2020

12. Numerical analyses of timber beams with stop- splayed scarf carpentry joints.

Author: Patalas, Filip, Karolak, Anna, and Nowak, Tomasz P.
Subjects: *WOODEN beams, *NUMERICAL analysis, *CARPENTRY, *FINITE element method, *SCARVES
Abstract: • Historical carpentry joints can be successfully analysed using numerical methods. • The use of finite element method (FEM) in the analysis of timber elements results in good agreement with experimental tests. • The Hill's yield criterion, despite its limitations, is well suited to simulating non-linear behaviour of wood. • The tested joints achieved approximately 30% of the load-carrying capacity in bending of the reference beams. • The simple analytical model was proposed to assess the load-bearing capacity of tested joints. The article presents numerical analyses of the stop-splayed scarf joints, supported by the results of experimental research. Technical scale beams with historical connections, made of new pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were tested in bending tests. On the basis of the results of the laboratory tests, load–deflection curves, strains in the cross-sections and failure modes were determined. FEM analyses were conducted using the Hill's anisotropic yield criterion. The results of the experimental tests and numerical analyses were compared. Load capacities of the tested joints were estimated also using an analytical method. Supportive analyses were performed to estimate the effect of the changes in the position of the metal connectors on the load capacity of the connections. The problem of determining the load capacity and structural analysis of historical joints of timber elements was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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13. Multi-mode failure of form-fitting timber connections – Experimental and numerical studies on the tapered tenon joint

Author: Koch, Heiko, Eisenhut, Lars, and Seim, Werner
Subjects: *FAILURE analysis, *MACHINE-shop practice, *MATERIALS compression testing, *TIMBER, *NUMERICAL analysis, *JOINTS (Engineering), *STRUCTURAL engineering
Abstract: Abstract: Traditional carpentry joints with tapered tenons have been used widely in timber structures all over Europe to connect two structural parts under compression loads that concur at a somehow diagonal angle. When a change of use is required or when damages are obvious, then an analytical model is needed to prove the structural safety even for non-engineered connections. Experimental investigations and numerical modelling were carried out for the tapered tenon to back up the basic understanding of failure modes and strength. Three types of failure were considered: rolling shear failure, failure of the front side and failure of the bottom face. The influence of friction was examined systematically. Based on the results of the experimental studies, numerical studies were carried out using a cohesive zone model. Practical suggestions for the engineering design were derived from the research results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
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14. Innovative Carpentry and Hybrid Joints in Contemporary Wooden Architecture.

Author: Arlet, Joanna Ludmiła
Subjects: WOODEN building, CARPENTRY, CULTURAL landscapes, STRUCTURAL frames, VERNACULAR architecture, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
Abstract: Timber frame structures have a long and rich tradition. In addition to their functional and structural value, they are important elements of the cultural landscape. At the turn of the 21st century, concern for nature, resulting from the threat of environmental degradation, contributed to a growing interest in wooden constructions. For these reasons, we have observed the erection of buildings with wooden frame structures in many countries around the world. This trend contributed to the rapid development of wooden structures, new technologies, and innovative architectural solutions. The conducted research mainly focused on the joints used in their construction, as well as their perception. From among many examples, some original and innovative solutions were selected and analyzed. Their creators are famous architects: Renzo Piano, Imre Makovecz, Jürgen Meyer, Kengo Kuma, and Shigeru Ban. The objects presented in this article are distinguished by the originality of their form and by the fact that they are clearly inspired by vernacular architecture. Crucial elements of these objects, such as wooden, steel, and hybrid connections, are analyzed in this article. Because they are intentionally exposed, they play an important aesthetic role in addition to a structural one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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15. Analysis and strengthening of carpentry joints

Author: Jorge M. Branco, Thierry Descamps, and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Carpentry connections, Carpentry joints, Engineering, Design, Science & Technology, Carpentry, business.industry, Building and Construction, Construction engineering, Reinforcement, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil, Engenharia Civil [Engenharia e Tecnologia], Forensic engineering, General Materials Science, business, Joint (geology), Analysis, Timber structures, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Joints play a major role in the structural behavior of old timber frames (Descamps et al., 2014) [1] . Current standards mainly focus on modern dowel-type joints and usually provide little guidance (with the exception of German and Swiss NAs) to designers regarding traditional joints. With few exceptions, see e.g. [2–4] , most of the research undertaken today is focused on the reinforcement of dowel-type connections. When considering old carpentry joints, it is neither realistic nor useful to try to describe the behavior of each and every type of joint. The discussion here is not an extra attempt to classify or compare joint configurations (Gerner, 2012) [5,6] , (Seike, 1977) [7] . Despite the existence of some classification rules which define different types of carpentry joints, their applicability becomes difficult. This is due to the differences in the way joints are fashioned depending, on the geographical location and their age. In view of this, it is mandatory to check the relevance of the calculations as a first step. A limited number of carpentry joints, along with some calculation rules and possible strengthening techniques are presented here.
Published: 2015
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16. Seismic strengthening and seismic improvement of timber structures

Author: Maurizio Piazza and Maria Adelaide Vittoria Parisi
Subjects: Carpentry joints, Engineering, Carpentry, Post-elastic behaviour, Seismic improvement, Seismic strengthening, Timber floors, Timber roofs, Timber structures, Civil and Structural Engineering, Building and Construction, Materials Science (all), business.industry, Structural engineering, Masonry, Brittleness, Seismic retrofit, General Materials Science, business, Roof, Ductility (Earth science)
Abstract: In European seismic areas timber structures are found as building frames, in combination with masonry infills, in bridges, but most frequently in roof structures and floor slabs of traditional buildings. Seismic strengthening of existing structures should provide a well-defined and simple path to seismic forces, maintain timber members elastic, and develop as much as possible the post-elastic behaviour of joints. Provisions must be adopted to avoid sudden loss of capacity and brittle failure, and to foster ductility. Different criteria for seismic strengthening of floor slabs and of carpentry joints are presented.
Published: 2015
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17. Experimental Investigations of Timber Beams with Stop-Splayed Scarf Carpentry Joints

Author: Anna Karolak, Tomasz Nowak, Jerzy Jasieńko, and Krzysztof Raszczuk
Subjects: Engineering, Bending (metalworking), carpentry joints, experimental research, Bent molecular geometry, stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’), static behaviour, stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, Article, 0201 civil engineering, 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, Scarf joint, lcsh:QC120-168.85, static behaviour, Carpentry, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, business.industry, Structural engineering, Experimental research, lcsh:TA1-2040, Reference beam, scarf and splice joints, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), business, lcsh:TK1-9971, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of stop-splayed scarf joints, which was carried out as part of a research programme at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. A brief description and the characteristics of scarf and splice joints appearing in historical buildings are provided, with special reference to stop-splayed scarf joints (so-called &lsquo, Bolt of lightning&rsquo, ) which were widely used, for example, in Italian renaissance architecture. Analyses and studies of scarf and splice joints in bent elements presented in the literature are reviewed, along with selected examples of analyses and research on tensile joints. It is worth noting that the authors in practically all the cited literature draw attention to the need for further research in this area. Next, the results of the authors&rsquo, own research on beams with stop-splayed scarf joints, strengthened using various methods, e.g., by means of drawbolts (metal screws), steel clamps and steel clamps with wooden pegs, which were subjected to four-point bending tests are presented. Load-deflection plots were obtained for load-bearing to bending of each beam in relation to the load-bearing of a continuous reference beam. A comparative analysis of the results obtained for each beam series is presented, along with conclusions and directions for further research.
Published: 2020
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18. Experimental and computational study on mechanical behaviour of carpentry corner log joints.

Author: Kłosowski, Paweł, Pestka, Anna, Krajewski, Marcin, and Lubowiecka, Izabela
Subjects: *CARPENTRY, *RIVETED joints, *HISTORIC buildings, *HISTORIC structures, *BEHAVIOR, *WOODEN-frame buildings
Abstract: • Experimental stand for testing of carpentry corner joints is designed and presented. • Experiments on two types of joints, dovetail and saddle-notch are performed. • Numerical models of the joints are defined and the experiments are simulated. • The numerical models are validated on the base of the experiments. • Mechanics of both types of joints is shown and some advice on the modelling is given. This work concerns experimental and numerical research on carpentry joints used in historic wooden buildings in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine. These structures are mainly sacred buildings, and the types of corner log joints characteristic of this region are primarily saddle-notch and dovetail joints; thus, these two types of joints were analysed in this study. The modelling of historic timber structures is a complex issue, so the following steps are necessary to obtain accurate solutions: verification, validation and uncertainty quantification. The first and third steps were performed in a previous study, so the current research aimed to validate the numerical models and perform simulations of carpentry joints. Herein, the authors created finite element models of two types of joints and subsequently analysed the mechanical behaviour of these joints. Due to issues concerning model validation, the authors designed a testing stand for corner joints, which formed a part of a biaxial testing machine. The joints were subjected to horizontal loads (deformations), which may cause damage to the connection. Thus, special parts were designed for the stand, which made it possible to fix the joint and prevented eccentric forces that could possibly damage the machine during testing. The authors presented the differences and similarities in the behaviour of both types of joints, emphasizing the corresponding advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the authors determined which type of joint was the most susceptible to damage and what elements failed first. This paper also showed the complexity of modelling timber structures and the accuracy of the proposed numerical models for both types of joints through comparisons of the numerical and experimental results. This work primary addressed the problems in accurately reflecting material, load and boundary conditions in numerical modelling of tested carpentry corner log joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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19. Guidelines for the on-site assessment of historic timber structures

Author: Nicola Macchioni, Eleftheria Tsakanika, Paulo B. Lourenço, Manuel Touza, Massimo Mannucci, Helena Cruz, A.J.M. Jorissen, David Yeomans, Material related Structural Design (MSD), and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Historic, Engineering, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Structural safety, assessment, historic, carpentry joints, Structural system, on-site, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Heritage, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, Assessment, Civil engineering, Construction engineering, 0201 civil engineering, heritage, strenght grading, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil, 021105 building & construction, 11. Sustainability, Architecture, Relevance (information retrieval), Strength grading, Timber structures, Carpentry joints, Science & Technology, Scope (project management), business.industry, Arts & Humanities, 15. Life on land, On-site, Cultural heritage, Intervention (law), Engenharia Civil [Engenharia e Tecnologia], timber structures, business
Abstract: In the scope of COST IE0601-WoodCulther (http://www.woodculther.org) it was agreed to produce Guidelines for the Assessment of Historic Timber Structures, covering the principles and possible approaches for the safety assessment of old timber structures of historical relevance, that could be used as the basis for possible European Standards, as discussed with CEN/TC346 (Conservation of cultural heritage). This was targeted at all those concerned with the conservation of heritage buildings. It should also help decision-making regarding the need for immediate safety measures. Its aim is to guarantee that inspection and assessment measures provide the necessary data for historical analysis, structural safety assessment and planning of intervention works, while having minimal impact on the building fabric (the original materials, structural systems and techniques). This paper provides information on the criteria to be used in the assessment of load bearing timber structures in heritage buildings. It covers the preliminary assessment (desk survey, preliminary visual survey, measured survey, structural analysis and preliminary report), as well as the detailed survey of timbers (with a special emphasis on visual strength grading on site) and carpentry joints. The subsequent diagnostic report and the detailed design of repairs are outside its scope., This paper originates from a document with the same name prepared by the Task Group “Assessment of Timber Structures” set within COST Action IE0601 – Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage (WoodCultHer) and presented to its final meeting in November 2011. Therefore, the authors thank to COST for sponsoring two Task Group meetings, CIS-Madeira (SP) and LNEC (P) for hosting them and Dr. Philipe Galimard, Dr. Emmanuel Maurin, Dr. Ladislav Reinprecht and Dr. Artur Feio for their suggestions. They also acknowledge the work done by all the Committees working on the same subject in the past, namely ICOMOS/ISCARSAH, CIB/Commission W023, CEN/TC250, ISO/TC98, UNI - CT Normal - GL20 and COST Action E55, which produced the valuable standards, guidelines and other background documents referenced in the text and listed under Bibliography.
Published: 2014
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20. Single step joint: overview of European standardized approaches and experimentations

Author: Thierry Descamps, Maxime Verbist, Jorge M. Branco, Elisa Poletti, Paulo B. Lourenço, and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Engineering, Design, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Timber, 02 engineering and technology, Civil engineering, Field (computer science), Traditional carpentry connections, 0201 civil engineering, Single Step Joint, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil, 11. Sustainability, 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, Experimentation, Civil and Structural Engineering, Timber structures, Structure (mathematical logic), Carpentry joints, Carpentry, Science & Technology, business.industry, Building and Construction, Structural engineering, Rafter, Mechanics of Materials, Solid mechanics, Numerical control, Joint (building), business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: In the field of Built Heritage Restoration, engineers have to work with old structures made of poorly preserved timber elements. The assessment of timber elements and connections is a major issue for engineers involved in a restoration project. Before thinking about any intervention techniques, engineers have to properly understand how the carpentry connections fail, which parameters influence the failure modes (e.g. geometry of the joint, mechanical properties of the wood) and how the internal forces are distributed into the joint to finally figure out how to design the traditional carpentry connections. The present paper aims at raising those questions focusing on the Single Step Joint (SSJ) design. Even if this common joint between the rafter and the tie beam is geometrically simple, one may pick up three SSJ families from the past till today: the Geometrical Configuration Ideal Design, the Geometrical Configuration Perpendicular to the Tie Beam and the Geometrical Configuration Perpendicular to the Rafter. The first one is more recent because its geometry requires accurate timber cutting, using new technologies (e.g. Computer Numerical Control). For each one, some general design rules about the SSJ geometrical parameters are defined by some European standards (e.g. Eurocode 5 in Design of timber structures-part 1-1: general-common rules and rules for buildings. CEN, European Standardisation Institute, Brussels, 8) or authors (e.g. Siem and Jorissen in Shatis' 15: 3rd international conference on structural health assessment of timber structure, vol 1. Wroclaw, Poland, 9-11 Sept 2015, 11), but no detail is available on how to design this connection in order to prevent the shear crack at the heel depth in the tie beam, or the compressive crushing at the front-notch surface. Hence the design rules and the emergence of failure modes must be defined according to the SSJ geometrical parameters. In order to check the design equations and the failure modes, lab tests on the three SSJ families have been carried out, mo, This work was financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme-COMPETE and by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project PTDC/EPH-PAT/2401/2014. This work was partly financed in the framework of the Portuguese Public Procurement Code, LOTE 3ES2-Escola Secundaria de Loule e Olhao., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2016

21. Experimental Investigations of Timber Beams with Stop-Splayed Scarf Carpentry Joints.

Author: Karolak, Anna, Jasieńko, Jerzy, Nowak, Tomasz, and Raszczuk, Krzysztof
Subjects: WOODEN beams, LIGHTNING, CARPENTRY, INVESTIGATIONS, SCARVES, HISTORIC buildings
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of stop-splayed scarf joints, which was carried out as part of a research programme at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. A brief description and the characteristics of scarf and splice joints appearing in historical buildings are provided, with special reference to stop-splayed scarf joints (so-called 'Bolt of lightning') which were widely used, for example, in Italian renaissance architecture. Analyses and studies of scarf and splice joints in bent elements presented in the literature are reviewed, along with selected examples of analyses and research on tensile joints. It is worth noting that the authors in practically all the cited literature draw attention to the need for further research in this area. Next, the results of the authors' own research on beams with stop-splayed scarf joints, strengthened using various methods, e.g., by means of drawbolts (metal screws), steel clamps and steel clamps with wooden pegs, which were subjected to four-point bending tests are presented. Load-deflection plots were obtained for load-bearing to bending of each beam in relation to the load-bearing of a continuous reference beam. A comparative analysis of the results obtained for each beam series is presented, along with conclusions and directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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22. Interpretation of Traditional Structural Principles in Temporary Structures

Abstract: Příspěvek se zaměřuje na tradiční strukturální principy historických staveb éry 18. - 19. století v regionu Znojma, které jsou mimo jiné zahrnuty v rámci projektu NAKI „Identifikace a interpretace vzniku, podoby a proměny barokní kulturní krajiny jihomoravského pohraničí“. Předmětem práce je popis tradičních krovových systému vybraných historických objektů dané lokality. Cílem popisu je nalezení vhodného konstrukčního principu užitého v tradičním stavitelství, jenž by byl možno využít pro struktury dočasného charakteru. Dočasné konstrukce jsou spojeny s přechodnou funkční náplní, která je jednou z možných fází při plánované obnově opuštěných památek. Existence mnoha příkladů na mezinárodním poli dokládá úspěšnou obnovu chátrajících objektů za využití přechodného stavebního a provozního programu. Provedenou analýzou tradičního stavitelství byl nalezen vhodný konstrukční spoj pro návrh designu, který bude sloužit jako modulární prvek pro stavby dočasného charakteru. Jeho charakteristikou je nízkonákladová výroba a jednoduchá konstrukce, kterou je možno opětovně složit na jiných místech a přizpůsobit dalšímu využití. Význam práce spočívá v návrhu řešení elementárních konstrukcí objektů přechodné povahy, které jsou založeny na tradičních stavebních principech historických památek a doplňují zachovalou strukturu dané architektury., The paper focuses on traditional structural principles of historical buildings of the era 18 to 19 century in the Znojmo region, which are also included in the project „Identification and interpretation of origins, forms and transformations of Baroque cultural landscape of the South Moravian Borderland“. The aim of this work is to describe traditional roof frames of selected historical buildings of the area. The goal of the work is to find a suitable construction detail applied in the traditional roof frames, which would be used for a structure of temporary character. Temporary structures are associated with transient functional use, which can be one of the possible phases in the planned restoration of abandoned sites. The existence of many examples at the international level demonstrates successful redesign of dilapidated buildings by the use of temporary programme. The analysis of traditional structures proposed a suitable structural joint for a design of a modular element for the construction of temporary architecture. Its characteristic is the low-cost production and simple construction, which can be relocated to other places and adapted for further use. The significance of the work lies in the design of elementary structures of objects of a transitory nature, which are based on the traditional building principles of historical monuments and try to preserve structural uniqueness of the architecture.
Published: 2016

23. Interpretation of Traditional Structural Principles in Temporary Structures

Abstract: Příspěvek se zaměřuje na tradiční strukturální principy historických staveb éry 18. - 19. století v regionu Znojma, které jsou mimo jiné zahrnuty v rámci projektu NAKI „Identifikace a interpretace vzniku, podoby a proměny barokní kulturní krajiny jihomoravského pohraničí“. Předmětem práce je popis tradičních krovových systému vybraných historických objektů dané lokality. Cílem popisu je nalezení vhodného konstrukčního principu užitého v tradičním stavitelství, jenž by byl možno využít pro struktury dočasného charakteru. Dočasné konstrukce jsou spojeny s přechodnou funkční náplní, která je jednou z možných fází při plánované obnově opuštěných památek. Existence mnoha příkladů na mezinárodním poli dokládá úspěšnou obnovu chátrajících objektů za využití přechodného stavebního a provozního programu. Provedenou analýzou tradičního stavitelství byl nalezen vhodný konstrukční spoj pro návrh designu, který bude sloužit jako modulární prvek pro stavby dočasného charakteru. Jeho charakteristikou je nízkonákladová výroba a jednoduchá konstrukce, kterou je možno opětovně složit na jiných místech a přizpůsobit dalšímu využití. Význam práce spočívá v návrhu řešení elementárních konstrukcí objektů přechodné povahy, které jsou založeny na tradičních stavebních principech historických památek a doplňují zachovalou strukturu dané architektury., The paper focuses on traditional structural principles of historical buildings of the era 18 to 19 century in the Znojmo region, which are also included in the project „Identification and interpretation of origins, forms and transformations of Baroque cultural landscape of the South Moravian Borderland“. The aim of this work is to describe traditional roof frames of selected historical buildings of the area. The goal of the work is to find a suitable construction detail applied in the traditional roof frames, which would be used for a structure of temporary character. Temporary structures are associated with transient functional use, which can be one of the possible phases in the planned restoration of abandoned sites. The existence of many examples at the international level demonstrates successful redesign of dilapidated buildings by the use of temporary programme. The analysis of traditional structures proposed a suitable structural joint for a design of a modular element for the construction of temporary architecture. Its characteristic is the low-cost production and simple construction, which can be relocated to other places and adapted for further use. The significance of the work lies in the design of elementary structures of objects of a transitory nature, which are based on the traditional building principles of historical monuments and try to preserve structural uniqueness of the architecture.
Published: 2016

24. Interpretation of Traditional Structural Principles in Temporary Structures

Abstract: Příspěvek se zaměřuje na tradiční strukturální principy historických staveb éry 18. - 19. století v regionu Znojma, které jsou mimo jiné zahrnuty v rámci projektu NAKI „Identifikace a interpretace vzniku, podoby a proměny barokní kulturní krajiny jihomoravského pohraničí“. Předmětem práce je popis tradičních krovových systému vybraných historických objektů dané lokality. Cílem popisu je nalezení vhodného konstrukčního principu užitého v tradičním stavitelství, jenž by byl možno využít pro struktury dočasného charakteru. Dočasné konstrukce jsou spojeny s přechodnou funkční náplní, která je jednou z možných fází při plánované obnově opuštěných památek. Existence mnoha příkladů na mezinárodním poli dokládá úspěšnou obnovu chátrajících objektů za využití přechodného stavebního a provozního programu. Provedenou analýzou tradičního stavitelství byl nalezen vhodný konstrukční spoj pro návrh designu, který bude sloužit jako modulární prvek pro stavby dočasného charakteru. Jeho charakteristikou je nízkonákladová výroba a jednoduchá konstrukce, kterou je možno opětovně složit na jiných místech a přizpůsobit dalšímu využití. Význam práce spočívá v návrhu řešení elementárních konstrukcí objektů přechodné povahy, které jsou založeny na tradičních stavebních principech historických památek a doplňují zachovalou strukturu dané architektury., The paper focuses on traditional structural principles of historical buildings of the era 18 to 19 century in the Znojmo region, which are also included in the project „Identification and interpretation of origins, forms and transformations of Baroque cultural landscape of the South Moravian Borderland“. The aim of this work is to describe traditional roof frames of selected historical buildings of the area. The goal of the work is to find a suitable construction detail applied in the traditional roof frames, which would be used for a structure of temporary character. Temporary structures are associated with transient functional use, which can be one of the possible phases in the planned restoration of abandoned sites. The existence of many examples at the international level demonstrates successful redesign of dilapidated buildings by the use of temporary programme. The analysis of traditional structures proposed a suitable structural joint for a design of a modular element for the construction of temporary architecture. Its characteristic is the low-cost production and simple construction, which can be relocated to other places and adapted for further use. The significance of the work lies in the design of elementary structures of objects of a transitory nature, which are based on the traditional building principles of historical monuments and try to preserve structural uniqueness of the architecture.
Published: 2016

25. Interpretation of Traditional Structural Principles in Temporary Structures

Author: Joja, Marie and Joja, Marie
Abstract: Příspěvek se zaměřuje na tradiční strukturální principy historických staveb éry 18. - 19. století v regionu Znojma, které jsou mimo jiné zahrnuty v rámci projektu NAKI „Identifikace a interpretace vzniku, podoby a proměny barokní kulturní krajiny jihomoravského pohraničí“. Předmětem práce je popis tradičních krovových systému vybraných historických objektů dané lokality. Cílem popisu je nalezení vhodného konstrukčního principu užitého v tradičním stavitelství, jenž by byl možno využít pro struktury dočasného charakteru. Dočasné konstrukce jsou spojeny s přechodnou funkční náplní, která je jednou z možných fází při plánované obnově opuštěných památek. Existence mnoha příkladů na mezinárodním poli dokládá úspěšnou obnovu chátrajících objektů za využití přechodného stavebního a provozního programu. Provedenou analýzou tradičního stavitelství byl nalezen vhodný konstrukční spoj pro návrh designu, který bude sloužit jako modulární prvek pro stavby dočasného charakteru. Jeho charakteristikou je nízkonákladová výroba a jednoduchá konstrukce, kterou je možno opětovně složit na jiných místech a přizpůsobit dalšímu využití. Význam práce spočívá v návrhu řešení elementárních konstrukcí objektů přechodné povahy, které jsou založeny na tradičních stavebních principech historických památek a doplňují zachovalou strukturu dané architektury., The paper focuses on traditional structural principles of historical buildings of the era 18 to 19 century in the Znojmo region, which are also included in the project „Identification and interpretation of origins, forms and transformations of Baroque cultural landscape of the South Moravian Borderland“. The aim of this work is to describe traditional roof frames of selected historical buildings of the area. The goal of the work is to find a suitable construction detail applied in the traditional roof frames, which would be used for a structure of temporary character. Temporary structures are associated with transient functional use, which can be one of the possible phases in the planned restoration of abandoned sites. The existence of many examples at the international level demonstrates successful redesign of dilapidated buildings by the use of temporary programme. The analysis of traditional structures proposed a suitable structural joint for a design of a modular element for the construction of temporary architecture. Its characteristic is the low-cost production and simple construction, which can be relocated to other places and adapted for further use. The significance of the work lies in the design of elementary structures of objects of a transitory nature, which are based on the traditional building principles of historical monuments and try to preserve structural uniqueness of the architecture.
Published: 2016

26. Assessment of the structural stability of Blockhaus timber log-walls under in-plane compression via full-scale buckling experiments

Author: Chiara Bedon, Claudio Amadio, Matteo Izzi, Massimo Fragiacomo, Giovanni Rinaldin, Bedon, Chiara, Rinaldin, Giovanni, Izzi, Matteo, Fragiacomo, Massimo, and Amadio, Claudio
Subjects: Engineering, Carpentry joints, business.industry, Analytical models, Carpentry joints, Full-scale buckling experiments, Load eccentricity, Metal stiffeners, Timber log-walls, Structural system, Full scale, Young's modulus, Building and Construction, Structural engineering, Metal stiffeners, Compression (physics), Timber log-walls, symbols.namesake, Buckling, Structural stability, symbols, General Materials Science, Development (differential geometry), Boundary value problem, Analytical models, Full-scale buckling experiments, business, Load eccentricity, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Blockhaus structural systems are obtained by assembling multiple timber logs able to interact with each other by means of simple mechanisms (e.g. contacts, tongues and grooves, and carpentry joints, also referred to as ‘corner’ joints). Although these systems have ancient origins, the structural behaviour of Blockhaus systems under well-defined loading and boundary conditions is still complex to predict. The paper focuses on the assessment of the typical buckling behaviour and resistance of in-plane compressed timber log-walls. The effects of various mechanical and geometrical aspects such as in-plane rigid inter-storey floors, load eccentricities, different types of lateral restraints, openings (e.g. doors or windows) or additional metal stiffeners, are investigated by means of full-scale buckling experiments. Results are then critically discussed and preliminarily assessed via analytical formulations taken from classical theory of plate buckling and column buckling. Although further advanced studies are required for the development of a generalized buckling design method, it is shown that several mechanical and geometrical aspects should be properly taken into account to correctly predict the structural capacity of Blockhaus systems under in-plane compression.
Published: 2015

27. Influence of the wood mechanical properties in the dovetail joint behavior

Author: Sobra, Karel, Fajman, P., Branco, Jorge M., and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Carpentry joints, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil, Dovetail, Component method
Abstract: The force distribution inside a dovetail joint is complex. Wood is simultaneously loaded in different directions in the several connected surfaces. The analytical solutions available for the analysis of the behavior of those carpentry joints rely on the mechanical properties of wood. In particular, the stiffness properties of wood under compression are crucial for the forces equilibrium. Simulations showed that the stiffness values considered in each of the springs normally assumed in the analytical models, have great influence in the bearing capacity and stiffness of the dovetail joints, with important consequence on the stress distribution over the overall structure. In a wide experimental campaign, the properties under compression of the most common wood species of existing timber structures have been determined. Then, a solved example of a dovetail joint is presented assuming different wood species and the corresponding strength and stiffness properties values obtained in the tests., Financial support of Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic project NAKI - DF12P01OVV004 - Design and Assessment of Timber Joints of Historical Structures. Moreover the financial support of experimental campaign by STSM COST project FP1101 (COST-STSM-FP1101-1679
Published: 2015

28. Interpretation of Traditional Structural Principles in Temporary Structures

Author: Marie Joja
Subjects: dřevě, Engineering drawing, Engineering, baroque architecture, carpentry joints, přechodné využití, modular design, vodní mlýn, purlin system, rafter system, Znojmia, Znojemsko, plating, Visual arts, tesařské spoje, Plating, temporary architecture, modulární konstrukce, truss system, business.industry, plátování, pop-up, tapping, Interpretation (philosophy), vaznicová soustava, baroque landscape, water mill, krovové soustavy, temporary use, Modular design, tradiční stavitelství, traditional architecture, dočasná architektura, wooden structure, barokní krajina, čepování, barokní architektura, business, krokevní soustava
Abstract: Příspěvek se zaměřuje na tradiční strukturální principy historických staveb éry 18. - 19. století v regionu Znojma, které jsou mimo jiné zahrnuty v rámci projektu NAKI „Identifikace a interpretace vzniku, podoby a proměny barokní kulturní krajiny jihomoravského pohraničí“. Předmětem práce je popis tradičních krovových systému vybraných historických objektů dané lokality. Cílem popisu je nalezení vhodného konstrukčního principu užitého v tradičním stavitelství, jenž by byl možno využít pro struktury dočasného charakteru. Dočasné konstrukce jsou spojeny s přechodnou funkční náplní, která je jednou z možných fází při plánované obnově opuštěných památek. Existence mnoha příkladů na mezinárodním poli dokládá úspěšnou obnovu chátrajících objektů za využití přechodného stavebního a provozního programu. Provedenou analýzou tradičního stavitelství byl nalezen vhodný konstrukční spoj pro návrh designu, který bude sloužit jako modulární prvek pro stavby dočasného charakteru. Jeho charakteristikou je nízkonákladová výroba a jednoduchá konstrukce, kterou je možno opětovně složit na jiných místech a přizpůsobit dalšímu využití. Význam práce spočívá v návrhu řešení elementárních konstrukcí objektů přechodné povahy, které jsou založeny na tradičních stavebních principech historických památek a doplňují zachovalou strukturu dané architektury. The paper focuses on traditional structural principles of historical buildings of the era 18 to 19 century in the Znojmo region, which are also included in the project „Identification and interpretation of origins, forms and transformations of Baroque cultural landscape of the South Moravian Borderland“. The aim of this work is to describe traditional roof frames of selected historical buildings of the area. The goal of the work is to find a suitable construction detail applied in the traditional roof frames, which would be used for a structure of temporary character. Temporary structures are associated with transient functional use, which can be one of the possible phases in the planned restoration of abandoned sites. The existence of many examples at the international level demonstrates successful redesign of dilapidated buildings by the use of temporary programme. The analysis of traditional structures proposed a suitable structural joint for a design of a modular element for the construction of temporary architecture. Its characteristic is the low-cost production and simple construction, which can be relocated to other places and adapted for further use. The significance of the work lies in the design of elementary structures of objects of a transitory nature, which are based on the traditional building principles of historical monuments and try to preserve structural uniqueness of the architecture.
Published: 2015
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29. Lesene strešne konstrukcije

Author: Nagode, Andraž and Kitek Kuzman, Manja
Subjects: lesene strešne konstrukcije, udc:694.5, roof timber, lesne zveze, carpentry joints, povezje, wooden roof constructions
Abstract: Uporaba lesa kot materiala za nosilne konstrukcijske elemente je pri stanovanjskih, javnih ter gospodarskih objektih najbolj pogosta pri strešnih konstrukcijah. Podali smo zgodovinski pregled razvoja lesenih strešnih konstrukcij. Prikazali smo najpomembnejše izume, ki so omogočili izdelavo zahtevnejših konstrukcij večjega razpona (lok, paličje, sestavljeni nosilci, lepljeni lamelirani nosilci). Vloga strešne konstrukcije se je skozi čas spreminjala in vse pomembnejša je postajala izkoriščenost prostora. Streha je sestavljena iz krova (nosi kritino) ter ostrešja (nosi obremenitve, vključno s težo krova in lastno težo). Sistematično smo pregledali različne tipe strešnih konstrukcij in opisali njihove sestavne dele. Za sodobne lesene strešne konstrukcije je značilna uporaba veznih sredstev. Ugotovili smo, da se z izbiro pravilne lesne zveze mehanska odpornost in stabilnost lesene strešne konstrukcije lahko bistveno poveča. Na kratko smo opisali tradicionalne in sodobne lesne zveze. Preučili in prikazali smo sodobno izdelane lesene strešne konstrukcije - od načrtovanja do postavitve. Obiskali smo podjetje Kregar, kjer z uporabo sodobne računalniško vodene linije za obdelavo lesa izdelujejo tudi zahtevnejša tesarska dela. Med drugim so naredili najvičji samostoječi leseni objekt v Sloveniji - razgledni stolp na Planini nad Vrhniko. In roof constructions, using wood as a material for load-bearing structural elements in housing, public and other buildings is most common. A historical overview of the development of wooden roof structures is presented, so as the most important inventions that have enabled the manufacturing of a demanding wider range of structures (arch construction, stick construction, assembled constructions, and laminated carriers). The role of the roof structure has changed over time, and is becoming increasingly important for space utilization. The roof consists of a deck and a roof timber (to bear the burden, including the weight of the deck and its own weight). We systematically reviewed the various types of roof structures and described their components. The use of advanced fasteners is characteristic for modern wooden roof constructions. We have found that by selecting the correct timber joints mechanical resistance and stability of wooden roof structures can be significantly increased. We briefly described the traditional and modern wood carpentry joints. We examined and demonstrated a contemporary designed wooden roof structure - from planning to the final assembling. We visited the Kregar firm, where the usage of modern computer-controlled woodworking lines also produces sophisticated carpentry. Among other things, they made the highest standing wooden building in Slovenia - the lookout tower on Planina above Vrhnika.
Published: 2014

30. The Historical Roof Structure of the Leopold Wing of the Vienna Hofburg Palace : Structural Assessment

Author: Bader, Thomas K., Dorn, Michael, Esser, Gerold, Hochreiner, Georg, Bader, Thomas K., Dorn, Michael, Esser, Gerold, and Hochreiner, Georg
Abstract: In this case study, the structural behaviour of the historic roof structure of the “Leopold Wing”, part of the Hofburg, the Vienna Imperial Palace, is assessed. The current appearance of the roof is a consequence of several adaptions and extensions of the original structure that dates back to the 17th century. The main part of the roof was reconstructed in the early 1670s following a disastrous fire in February 1668. The structure had the shape of an M-roof consisting of two adjacent gable roofs. Probably in the 19th century, the centre part was closed, creating a mansard roof over the entire width of the building. Basically, the geometry of the structure is symmetric with respect to the middle wall. However, since the position of the middle wall is partly asymmetric, also the roof structure becomes asymmetric. Herein, the influence of the building history on the load-deformation behaviour of the roof structure is investigated. Therefore, structural analyses of the original M-roof and of the mansard roof are performed. The modelling of the historic roof structure is based on a deformation-accurate survey. In addition, the influence of the nonlinear, compliant behaviour of connections on the load-deformation behaviour of the timber structure is taken into account. A considerable influence of the connection slip on the deformation of the structure becomes obvious from the analysis. Consequently, consideration of the nonlinear behaviour of the joints reveals a realistic load transfer within the structure. The addition of structural elements caused additional dead loads, which increase long-term deformations., Ej belagd 160412
Published: 2015

31. Structural performance assessment and repair of carpentry joints

Author: Palma, P., Cruz, H., Garcia, H., and Branco , J.
Subjects: Carpentry joints, Structural performance, Repair
Abstract: Joints in traditional timber structures usually present notches where stresses are transferred by compression and, to some extent, by friction between the contact surfaces. There are many structures still in service today which employ a wide range of traditional notched joints with and without different metal parts, some introduced during construction and others added later as reinforcement, which can be reduced to a few common typologies. These traditional timber connections, even without any strengthening device, usually exhibit some moment-resisting capability, but common design methods are mainly focused in the transmission of compression internal forces and do not account for the presence of metal parts. Thus the common employment of steel stirrups, internal bolts or clamping devices in traditional connections can have unexpected consequences in the global performance of timber a structure, because while enhancing the joints’ strength they also modify their stiffness, failure mode and overall behaviour. As the assessment of ancient timber structures implies the evaluation of the mechanical properties of elements and joints, and since other research projects are narrowing the uncertainties around the determination of the members’ properties, the real behaviour of traditional timber joints has also to be addressed. The proposed presentation will discuss the relevant conclusions achieved in a research program, aimed at investigating the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of traditional timber joints, regarding their structural assessment, by identifying the effect of some key parameters, like geometry, detailing, damage and timber moisture content, and evaluating the effect of some strengthening techniques. These results allow understanding and predicting more accurately the behaviour of timber structures, which is crucial in every restoration or strengthening intervention. 19 9p DE/NEM 2009 21 a 22 de Maio
Published: 2009

32. Statická analýza spojů dřevěných konstrrukcí

Author: Zídek, Rostislav, Vlk, Zbyněk, Řehová, Jana, Zídek, Rostislav, Vlk, Zbyněk, and Řehová, Jana
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá analýzou chování tesařských spojů dřevěných konstrukcí, především šikmého zapuštění a čepování. Tyto spoje byly analyzovány klasicky, dle jejich statického působení a normových doporučení. Pro další analýzu spoje šikmého zapuštění byl použit program SCIA Engineer., This bachelor thesis concentrates on the analysis of behaviour of carpentery joints in wooden constructions. Mainly it focues on sloped anchorage and hinges. The seams were analyzed classicaly by their statical influence and normative recommendations. The SCIA Engineer software was used for the analysis of the sloped anchorage.

33. Výroba tesařské spojky

Author: Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, Kliš, Vojtěch, Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, and Kliš, Vojtěch
Abstract: Práce se zabývá návrhem technologie výroby součásti z pozinkovaného plechu. Jedná se o tesařskou spojku, která slouží ke spojování dřevěných konstrukcí. Práce je zaměřena na tváření kovů, konkrétně technologii stříhání. Na základě výrobní série 30 000 ks/rok, tvaru a rozměrů součásti byla pro výrobu zvolena metoda postupového stříhání. Dále byly provedeny nezbytné technologické výpočty. Nástroj se skládá z normalizovaných komponent, které byly zvoleny na základě daných norem. Pro výrobu byl zvolen výstředníkový lis S 160 E od společnosti Šmeral Brno a.s. Výrobní cena jedné součásti činní 9 Kč., The thesis deals with the design of the technology for the production of the galvanized sheet. It is a carpentry joint that serves for joining wooden structures. The work is focused on metal forming, namely cutting technology. Based on the production series of 30,000 pieces/year, the shape and dimensions of the part, the method of shearing was chosen for production. Furthermore, the necessary technological calculations were performed. The tool consists of standardized components that have been selected based on the standards. For production was chosen eccentric press S 160 E from the company Šmeral Brno a.s. The price of one component is CZK 9.

34. Penzion - technologická etapa hrubé horní stavby

Author: Henková, Svatava, Henek, Vladan, Řihák, Pavel, Henková, Svatava, Henek, Vladan, and Řihák, Pavel
Abstract: Bakalářská práce je zaměřená na výstavbu srubového penzionu. Zabývá se problematikou vybraných technologických částí projektu, kterými jsou: technická zpráva, biotičtí škůdci dřeva, ochrana dřeva, technologický postup těžby dřeva harvestorem, srubových stěn, stropů, krovu, zařízení staveniště, harmonogram výstavby, nasazení strojů, kontrolní a zkušební plán, bezpečnost a ochrana zdraví při práci., The thesis is focused on construction srubového pension. It deals with issues of selected technological part of the project, which are: technical report biotic pests of wood, wood protection, technological process timber harvester, log walls, ceilings, roof, site facilities, the construction schedule, naazení machines, inspection and test plan, safety and health protection at work.

35. Dřevěná roubená konstrukce penzionu v Karlově pod Pradědem

Author: Šmak, Milan, Straka, Bohumil, Špačková, Eva, Šmak, Milan, Straka, Bohumil, and Špačková, Eva
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a posouzením dřevěné střešní konstrukce nad penzionem v Karlově pod Pradědem, v Jeseníkách, v nadmořské výšce 725 m.n.m. Objekt má půdorys křížového tvaru o přibližných rozměrech 13x20 m. První patro penzionu je zděné. Druhé patro je z dřevěných kruhových profilů – srub. Podkroví je obyvatelné, nachází se zde pokoje a toto jsem musela uvážit při návrhu zastřešení. Střešní konstrukce je řešena jako dvojice navzájem se protínajících sedlových střech. Důraz je kladen na použití kruhových profilů, aby střecha navazovala na spodní stavbu, která je také z kruhových profilů., The bachelor´s thesis deals with the design and the assessment of the wooden roof structure above the guest house in Karlov pod Pradědem, Jeseniky, at an altitude of 725 metres above sea level. The object has plan of the cross-shaped object about the approximate dimensions 13x20 m. On the first floor is brick. The second floor is made of wooden circular profiles – log cabin. The attic is habitable rooms, and I had to consider in the design of roofing. The roof structure is designed as a pair of intersecting each other pitched roofs. The emphasis is on the use of circular sections, to the roof of the extension on the bottom of the building, which is also from the circular profiles.

36. Dřevěná nosná konstrukce hotelového objektu

Author: Straka, Bohumil, Šmak, Milan, Janči, Michal, Straka, Bohumil, Šmak, Milan, and Janči, Michal
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a posouzením dřevěné nosné konstrukce hotelového objektu v Koutech nad Desnou, v Jeseníkách, v nadmořské výšce 606m.n.m. Objekt má obdélníkový půdorys o rozměrech přibližně 36x16m. Spodní stavba je řešena jako těžký skelet o dvou patrech a podkroví. Sloupy jsou navrženy jako kyvné stojky, ztužení je řešeno soustavou ztužidel a vzpěr. Zastřešení objektu je řešeno vaznicovou krovovou soustavou s trojitou stojatou stolicí. Důraz je kladen na použití běžně dostupných profilů řeziva. Opláštění objektu bude řešeno sádrovláknitými deskami Fermacell., The bachelor’s thesis deals with the design and assessment of the timber load bearing structure of a hotel building in Kouty nad Desnou, Jeseníky, at an altitude of 606 metres above sea level. The object has a rectangular shape with dimensions approximately 36x16m. The lower part of the structure is designed as a two-floor heavy frame and an attic. The columns are designed as swinging angles, and stiffening is solved by a set of bracings and struts. The roofing of the object is solved by purlin truss system with a triple vertical stool. The emphasis is placed on the use of commercially available timber beams. The sheathing of the structure will be solved by Fermacell gypsum boards.

37. Trvanlivost lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků

Author: Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, Mlčák, Tomáš, Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, and Mlčák, Tomáš
Abstract: Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem trvanlivosti lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků. Teoretická část práce se zabývá stavbou dřeva, vybranými vadami dřeva, popisem tesařských spojů a spojovacích prostředků. V práci je také věnována pozornost lepidlům a tmelům používaných v lepených spojích dřevěných konstrukcí či problematice sanačních systémů trhlin ve dřevě. Praktická část práce je zaměřena na experimentální ověření trvanlivosti použitých lepidel a tmelů u vlepovaného tesařského prvku., This bachelor thesis deals with the topics of durability of glued connections of structural wooden elements. The theoretical part of the work deals with the construction of wood, selected defects of wood, a description of carpentry joints and fasteners. The work also pays attention to adhesives and sealants used in glued joints of wooden structures or the issue of crack repair systems in wood. The practical part of the work is focused on experimental verification of the durability of used adhesives and sealants for glued carpentry elements.

38. Dřevěná konstrukce zastřešení hotelu ve Velkých Karlovicích

Author: Šmak, Milan, Pilgr, Milan, Smečková, Veronika, Šmak, Milan, Pilgr, Milan, and Smečková, Veronika
Abstract: Cílem moji bakalářské práce je návrh a posouzení zastřešení horského hotelu, který se nachází v oblasti Velké Karlovice, v nadmořské výšce 512 m.n.n. Půdorysné rozměry stavby jsou přibližně 12x24m, výška po hřeben přibližně 12,0m. První nadzemní podlaží je zděné, druhé nadzemní podlaží a podkroví je řešeno jako dřevěná konstrukce. Střešní konstrukce krovu je navržena jako tradiční vaznicová soustava., The aim of my thesis is to assess the roofing design of the mountain hotel, situated on the Great Karlovic, at an altitude of 512 metres above sea level. The height of the structure is 12.0m whilst the base is 12x24m. The first floor is constructed using brick, whilst the second floor and the attic is designed as a timber structure. The roof truss structure has a traditional framework of that time period.

39. Dřevěná nosná konstrukce hotelového objektu

Author: Straka, Bohumil, Šmak, Milan, Janči, Michal, Straka, Bohumil, Šmak, Milan, and Janči, Michal
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a posouzením dřevěné nosné konstrukce hotelového objektu v Koutech nad Desnou, v Jeseníkách, v nadmořské výšce 606m.n.m. Objekt má obdélníkový půdorys o rozměrech přibližně 36x16m. Spodní stavba je řešena jako těžký skelet o dvou patrech a podkroví. Sloupy jsou navrženy jako kyvné stojky, ztužení je řešeno soustavou ztužidel a vzpěr. Zastřešení objektu je řešeno vaznicovou krovovou soustavou s trojitou stojatou stolicí. Důraz je kladen na použití běžně dostupných profilů řeziva. Opláštění objektu bude řešeno sádrovláknitými deskami Fermacell., The bachelor’s thesis deals with the design and assessment of the timber load bearing structure of a hotel building in Kouty nad Desnou, Jeseníky, at an altitude of 606 metres above sea level. The object has a rectangular shape with dimensions approximately 36x16m. The lower part of the structure is designed as a two-floor heavy frame and an attic. The columns are designed as swinging angles, and stiffening is solved by a set of bracings and struts. The roofing of the object is solved by purlin truss system with a triple vertical stool. The emphasis is placed on the use of commercially available timber beams. The sheathing of the structure will be solved by Fermacell gypsum boards.

40. Dřevěná konstrukce zastřešení hotelu ve Velkých Karlovicích

Author: Šmak, Milan, Pilgr, Milan, Smečková, Veronika, Šmak, Milan, Pilgr, Milan, and Smečková, Veronika
Abstract: Cílem moji bakalářské práce je návrh a posouzení zastřešení horského hotelu, který se nachází v oblasti Velké Karlovice, v nadmořské výšce 512 m.n.n. Půdorysné rozměry stavby jsou přibližně 12x24m, výška po hřeben přibližně 12,0m. První nadzemní podlaží je zděné, druhé nadzemní podlaží a podkroví je řešeno jako dřevěná konstrukce. Střešní konstrukce krovu je navržena jako tradiční vaznicová soustava., The aim of my thesis is to assess the roofing design of the mountain hotel, situated on the Great Karlovic, at an altitude of 512 metres above sea level. The height of the structure is 12.0m whilst the base is 12x24m. The first floor is constructed using brick, whilst the second floor and the attic is designed as a timber structure. The roof truss structure has a traditional framework of that time period.

41. Statická analýza spojů dřevěných konstrrukcí

Author: Zídek, Rostislav, Vlk, Zbyněk, Řehová, Jana, Zídek, Rostislav, Vlk, Zbyněk, and Řehová, Jana
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá analýzou chování tesařských spojů dřevěných konstrukcí, především šikmého zapuštění a čepování. Tyto spoje byly analyzovány klasicky, dle jejich statického působení a normových doporučení. Pro další analýzu spoje šikmého zapuštění byl použit program SCIA Engineer., This bachelor thesis concentrates on the analysis of behaviour of carpentery joints in wooden constructions. Mainly it focues on sloped anchorage and hinges. The seams were analyzed classicaly by their statical influence and normative recommendations. The SCIA Engineer software was used for the analysis of the sloped anchorage.

42. Stavebně technologický projekt pavlačového domu v České Třebové

Author: Venkrbec, Václav, Štěrba, Martin, Řihák, Pavel, Venkrbec, Václav, Štěrba, Martin, and Řihák, Pavel
Abstract: Diplomová práce je zaměřená na stavebně technologický projekt pavlačového domu v České Třebové. Projekt obsahuje veškeré náležitosti stavebně technologického projektu, které lze použít pro realizaci projektu v praxi. Místo a parcelou jsou reálná, a pokud město Česká Třebová povolí tuto stavbu, bude i realizována podle této práce., The thesis is focused on building and technological project balcony house in the Czech Třebové. The project contains all the essentials of building technology project that can be used for project implementation in practice. Instead of a plot is real and if the city Czech Třebová allow this construction, will be implemented by this work.

43. Výroba tesařské spojky

Author: Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, Kliš, Vojtěch, Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, and Kliš, Vojtěch
Abstract: Práce se zabývá návrhem technologie výroby součásti z pozinkovaného plechu. Jedná se o tesařskou spojku, která slouží ke spojování dřevěných konstrukcí. Práce je zaměřena na tváření kovů, konkrétně technologii stříhání. Na základě výrobní série 30 000 ks/rok, tvaru a rozměrů součásti byla pro výrobu zvolena metoda postupového stříhání. Dále byly provedeny nezbytné technologické výpočty. Nástroj se skládá z normalizovaných komponent, které byly zvoleny na základě daných norem. Pro výrobu byl zvolen výstředníkový lis S 160 E od společnosti Šmeral Brno a.s. Výrobní cena jedné součásti činní 9 Kč., The thesis deals with the design of the technology for the production of the galvanized sheet. It is a carpentry joint that serves for joining wooden structures. The work is focused on metal forming, namely cutting technology. Based on the production series of 30,000 pieces/year, the shape and dimensions of the part, the method of shearing was chosen for production. Furthermore, the necessary technological calculations were performed. The tool consists of standardized components that have been selected based on the standards. For production was chosen eccentric press S 160 E from the company Šmeral Brno a.s. The price of one component is CZK 9.

44. Stavebně technologický projekt pavlačového domu v České Třebové

Author: Venkrbec, Václav, Štěrba, Martin, Řihák, Pavel, Venkrbec, Václav, Štěrba, Martin, and Řihák, Pavel
Abstract: Diplomová práce je zaměřená na stavebně technologický projekt pavlačového domu v České Třebové. Projekt obsahuje veškeré náležitosti stavebně technologického projektu, které lze použít pro realizaci projektu v praxi. Místo a parcelou jsou reálná, a pokud město Česká Třebová povolí tuto stavbu, bude i realizována podle této práce., The thesis is focused on building and technological project balcony house in the Czech Třebové. The project contains all the essentials of building technology project that can be used for project implementation in practice. Instead of a plot is real and if the city Czech Třebová allow this construction, will be implemented by this work.

45. Dřevěná roubená konstrukce penzionu v Karlově pod Pradědem

Author: Šmak, Milan, Straka, Bohumil, Špačková, Eva, Šmak, Milan, Straka, Bohumil, and Špačková, Eva
Abstract: Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a posouzením dřevěné střešní konstrukce nad penzionem v Karlově pod Pradědem, v Jeseníkách, v nadmořské výšce 725 m.n.m. Objekt má půdorys křížového tvaru o přibližných rozměrech 13x20 m. První patro penzionu je zděné. Druhé patro je z dřevěných kruhových profilů – srub. Podkroví je obyvatelné, nachází se zde pokoje a toto jsem musela uvážit při návrhu zastřešení. Střešní konstrukce je řešena jako dvojice navzájem se protínajících sedlových střech. Důraz je kladen na použití kruhových profilů, aby střecha navazovala na spodní stavbu, která je také z kruhových profilů., The bachelor´s thesis deals with the design and the assessment of the wooden roof structure above the guest house in Karlov pod Pradědem, Jeseniky, at an altitude of 725 metres above sea level. The object has plan of the cross-shaped object about the approximate dimensions 13x20 m. On the first floor is brick. The second floor is made of wooden circular profiles – log cabin. The attic is habitable rooms, and I had to consider in the design of roofing. The roof structure is designed as a pair of intersecting each other pitched roofs. The emphasis is on the use of circular sections, to the roof of the extension on the bottom of the building, which is also from the circular profiles.

46. Trvanlivost lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků

Author: Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, Mlčák, Tomáš, Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, and Mlčák, Tomáš
Abstract: Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem trvanlivosti lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků. Teoretická část práce se zabývá stavbou dřeva, vybranými vadami dřeva, popisem tesařských spojů a spojovacích prostředků. V práci je také věnována pozornost lepidlům a tmelům používaných v lepených spojích dřevěných konstrukcí či problematice sanačních systémů trhlin ve dřevě. Praktická část práce je zaměřena na experimentální ověření trvanlivosti použitých lepidel a tmelů u vlepovaného tesařského prvku., This bachelor thesis deals with the topics of durability of glued connections of structural wooden elements. The theoretical part of the work deals with the construction of wood, selected defects of wood, a description of carpentry joints and fasteners. The work also pays attention to adhesives and sealants used in glued joints of wooden structures or the issue of crack repair systems in wood. The practical part of the work is focused on experimental verification of the durability of used adhesives and sealants for glued carpentry elements.

47. Výroba tesařské spojky

Author: Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, Kliš, Vojtěch, Lidmila, Zdeněk, Žák, Ladislav, and Kliš, Vojtěch
Abstract: Práce se zabývá návrhem technologie výroby součásti z pozinkovaného plechu. Jedná se o tesařskou spojku, která slouží ke spojování dřevěných konstrukcí. Práce je zaměřena na tváření kovů, konkrétně technologii stříhání. Na základě výrobní série 30 000 ks/rok, tvaru a rozměrů součásti byla pro výrobu zvolena metoda postupového stříhání. Dále byly provedeny nezbytné technologické výpočty. Nástroj se skládá z normalizovaných komponent, které byly zvoleny na základě daných norem. Pro výrobu byl zvolen výstředníkový lis S 160 E od společnosti Šmeral Brno a.s. Výrobní cena jedné součásti činní 9 Kč., The thesis deals with the design of the technology for the production of the galvanized sheet. It is a carpentry joint that serves for joining wooden structures. The work is focused on metal forming, namely cutting technology. Based on the production series of 30,000 pieces/year, the shape and dimensions of the part, the method of shearing was chosen for production. Furthermore, the necessary technological calculations were performed. The tool consists of standardized components that have been selected based on the standards. For production was chosen eccentric press S 160 E from the company Šmeral Brno a.s. The price of one component is CZK 9.

48. Technologická etapa vrchní stavby srubu v Nenačovicích

Author: Henková, Svatava, Mesiarkin, Jan, Petrásek, Jakub, Henková, Svatava, Mesiarkin, Jan, and Petrásek, Jakub
Abstract: Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na výstavbu srubového domu. Řeší problematiku vybraných částí technologického projektu, kterými jsou: technická zpráva, technologický postup srubových stěn, stropní konstrukce a krovu, zařízení staveniště, harmonogram výstavby, nasazení strojů, kontrolní a zkušební plán, BOZP., The thesis is focused on construction of the cabin. Solves problems of selected parts of the technological project. Including: technical report, the technological process of log walls, ceiling and roof, building equipment, construction schedule, deployment of machines, quality control, health and safety.

49. Trvanlivost lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků

Author: Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, Vaněrek, Jan, and Vejpustek, Zdeněk
Abstract: Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem trvanlivosti lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků. Teoretická část práce se zabývá stavbou dřeva, vybranými vadami dřeva, popisem tesařských spojů a spojovacích prostředků. V práci je také věnována pozornost lepidlům a tmelům používaných v lepených spojích dřevěných konstrukcí či problematice sanačních systémů trhlin ve dřevě. Praktická část práce je zaměřena na experimentální ověření trvanlivosti použitých lepidel a tmelů u vlepovaného tesařského prvku., This bachelor thesis deals with the topics of durability of glued connections of structural wooden elements. The theoretical part of the work deals with the construction of wood, selected defects of wood, a description of carpentry joints and fasteners. The work also pays attention to adhesives and sealants used in glued joints of wooden structures or the issue of crack repair systems in wood. The practical part of the work is focused on experimental verification of the durability of used adhesives and sealants for glued carpentry elements.

50. Trvanlivost lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků

Author: Vaněrek, Jan, Vejpustek, Zdeněk, Vaněrek, Jan, and Vejpustek, Zdeněk
Abstract: Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem trvanlivosti lepených přípojů konstrukčních dřevěných prvků. Teoretická část práce se zabývá stavbou dřeva, vybranými vadami dřeva, popisem tesařských spojů a spojovacích prostředků. V práci je také věnována pozornost lepidlům a tmelům používaných v lepených spojích dřevěných konstrukcí či problematice sanačních systémů trhlin ve dřevě. Praktická část práce je zaměřena na experimentální ověření trvanlivosti použitých lepidel a tmelů u vlepovaného tesařského prvku., This bachelor thesis deals with the topics of durability of glued connections of structural wooden elements. The theoretical part of the work deals with the construction of wood, selected defects of wood, a description of carpentry joints and fasteners. The work also pays attention to adhesives and sealants used in glued joints of wooden structures or the issue of crack repair systems in wood. The practical part of the work is focused on experimental verification of the durability of used adhesives and sealants for glued carpentry elements.

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