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Introduction The Spanish Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (S-YFAS-C) scale is the first tool adapted to Spanish to evaluate food addiction (FA) in the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the degree of FA in a non-clinical pilot paediatric population. Material and methods A transversal observational study was performed on a convenience sample comprised of boys and girls aged 9 to 12 (4th to 6th year primary school). The main outcome measures were evaluation of FA (S-YFAS-C scale), child feeding attitudes (ChEAT scale) and evaluation of body image (CDRS scale). Moreover, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the main characteristics of subjects and outcome measures was performed. Results A total of 21 boys and 24 girls were preliminarily evaluated and the minimum and maximum values obtained were for age (9.48–12.33), weight in kilograms (26.6–64.5), height in centimetres (131–163), BMI (14.2–27.9) and BMI Z-score (−1.36–2.66). The average number of FA symptoms measured with the S-YFAS-C scale is 1.67 ± 1.45 (range 0–7). A total of 20% of the sample shows three or more symptoms for FA, risk of developing a food disorder and distortion of the body image. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between desired body image in boys and girls (P = 0.001). Conclusions The S-YFAS-C scale enables evaluating food addiction in Spanish-speaking boys and girls. The data obtained in regard to quantifying symptoms are similar compared to the original scale (S-YFAS-C: 1.67 ± 1.45 vs. YFAS-C: 2 ± 1.81). The option to score the counting of symptoms is the most sensitive measure to evaluate subclinical food behaviours.

The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD detector array sensitive to an $\sim$1 keV threshold for the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model, by using the recently published results to constrain two simplified extensions of the Standard Model with light mediators. We compare the new limits with those obtained for the same models using neutrinos from the Spallation Neutron Source. Our new constraints represent the best limits for these simplified models among the experiments searching for CE$\nu$NS for a light vector mediator with mass $M_{Z^{\prime}}, Comment: Accepted for publication in JHEP

The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses low-noise fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with the goal of measuring low-energy recoils from coherent elastic scattering (CE$\nu$NS) of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei and testing nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI). We report here the first results of the detector array deployed in 2016, considering an active mass 47.6 g (8 CCDs), which is operating at a distance of 30 m from the core of the Angra 2 nuclear reactor, with a thermal power of 3.8 GW. A search for neutrino events is performed by comparing data collected with reactor on (2.1 kg-day) and reactor off (1.6 kg-day). The results show no excess in the reactor-on data, reaching the world record sensitivity down to recoil energies of about 1 keV (0.1 keV electron-equivalent). A 95% confidence level limit for new physics is established at an event rate of 40 times the one expected from the standard model at this energy scale. The results presented here provide a new window to low-energy neutrino physics, allowing one to explore for the first time the energies accessible through the low threshold of CCDs. They will lead to new constrains on NSI from the CE$\nu$NS of antineutrinos from nuclear reactors., Comment: Updated to match the version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Physicochemical, sensory and microbiological quality parameters were determined in fresh-cut pineapple products. Containers with fresh-cut pineapple in cylinders or in chunks were considered and the above parameters were studied over ten days of storage at 5 ± 1 °C. Chromatic parameters presented differences between both formats, with the cylinders being more susceptible to browning. Besides, the cylinders had lower levels of acidity, texture and ascorbic acid, while in general, greater changes of the main quality physicochemical characteristics were observed in the ring format during the ten days of refrigerated storage. Liquid exudate increased, sucrose content decreased and a greater tendency to browning were observed during the cold storage at 5 ± 1 °C. Sensory characteristics and microbiological control for both types of format showed a positive evaluation after eight days of storage at 5 ± 1 °C. Mesophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast loads in both pineapple formats were relatively low (

A hundred and thirty-six single-cultivar red wines of different vintages were collected from several wineries in the Canary Islands in order to study the magnitude of the copigmentation phenomenon and the antioxidant activity. The contribution of free anthocyanins, copigmented anthocyanins and polymeric pigments to the colour of wine, as well as the total phenols, the antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH method) and the chromatic characteristics of the wines were determined. The influence of ageing time and the climatic conditions on these parameters was also studied. The wines made with Merlot, Ruby Cabernet and Syrah cultivars showed the highest parameters of colour, and the largest contribution to the copigmented anthocyanins was from the Ruby Cabernet, Listan negro and Syrah cultivars. The copigmented anthocyanins and the free anthocyanins decrease with the age of the wine, and the antioxidant activity of the samples appears to be related to the total phenol content. An influence of the climatic conditions on colour parameters has been found. The correlation study between parameters suggests that the parameters b* and L* could be used as suitable indicators of evolution or oxidation stage of red wines.

Tomatoes have been described as a functional food because of their particular composition of different bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate composition, minerals and trace elements, and antioxidant compounds were determined in two tomato cultivars (Mariana and Dunkan) that were grown in Gran Canaria (Spain) either conventionally or hydroponically. Although compositional data of this type require being subjected to the specific statistical techniques of compositional analysis, this approach has not usually been considered in this context. In the present case, a compositional Mann–Whitney U test of the data showed significant differences for each factor (cultivar and cultivation system) in several of the compositional variables studied. For the differences between cultivars, these parameters were the protein, Mg, lycopene, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents. For the differences between cultivation systems, they were mainly those of the mineral and trace elements group. Although one-year data are insufficient to make clear relationship among compounds because more repetitions in several localities and years are necessary, the compositional HJ-biplot (in which the links provide estimates of the linear relationship among variables) results agreed with other scientific results about linear relationship among some compounds analyzed.

Chromatic characteristics and their relationships with copigmentation and phenolic composition were studied in 160 bottled red wines. Free anthocyanins, copigmented anthocyanins and polymeric pigments contributing to color were calculated according to Boulton protocol and related to main changes produced in wine visible spectra after destroying any copigmented anthocyanins effect. Color differences between copigmented and non copigmented wines were quantified and related with ageing, cultivar and phenolic profile. Phenomenon of co-pigmentation visually increases the colour at 420, 520 and 620 nm for most of wines. Copigmented wines showed a mean value of 8.26 CIELab units higher than non copigmented (ΔEab(c-nc)), being this shift deeper for young wines than for aged wines. Copigmentation mostly changed hue and decreased L, a* and b* values therefore resulted into purplish and darker wine. Visual variations in color caused by copigmentation was related to particularly anthocyanins and copigments (mostly flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids).

The antihyperglycemic activity of cactus pads and pulp fruit of species of Opuntia genus has been documented; however, the mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. Thus, cactus pad and pulp fruit extracts of Opuntia dillenii were used to evaluate their effects on blood glucose concentration and glycemic curve of Sprague–Dawley rats. After acute administration, no significant differences were observed in the glycemic curve among cactus pad, pulp fruit and control groups. However, the glycemic peaks and glycemic curves obtained in the groups corresponding to both cactus pad and pulp fruit as well as the Cr(III) group were less pronounced than in the control group after 8 days of daily intake. Besides, a slight decrease of fasting blood glucose was observed, maintaining within the normal levels, after 8 days of daily intake of cactus pad extract. Therefore, the possible role of Cr(III) present in high amounts in these vegetable foods was suggested, for the first time, to explain their antihyperglycemic activity.

In order to study interactions between agronomic variables and chemical composition that determine the quality of tomato fruits, a group of statistical techniques were applied: discriminant analysis (DA), cluster analysis (CA) and princepal component analysis (PCA) combined with ANOVA. The results of DA when characterizing the agronomic parameters were successful, especially when the collection date was used as a factor for classification. CA showed the importance of the chemical variables related to the metabolic relationships, while the principal component analysis and ANOVA provide information on the interaction between variables related to the production and chemical composition of tomatoes. The combined use of PCA and ANOVA is a suitable tool for studying the complex interactions between agronomy and chemical composition. Collection date was the main agronomic parameter effected the chemical composition, while variety and production system had a minor effect. The application of PCAANOVA showed that the taste of tomato depends on three factors: sugars (glucose and fructose), acidity (citric, malic and ascobirc acids), and minerals (Na and Mg). For the tomatoes with same maturity degree, the taste depends on interaction of date collection and system production.

Los minerales Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn y Mn fueron determinados, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, en raíces de 15 variedades de batatas cultivadas en La Palma (De papa o maní, Parado, Cubana, Cubana de baselo gordo, Cubana de hoja redonda, Blanquita, Saucero o Lanzarotero, Pata de Gallo, Padrón de Seda, Alicantina, Amarillo de Año, De Lanzarote, Matojo, Matojo Fino y Rajada; las 5 primeras de cultivo corto y las 10 restantes de cultivo largo). Se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan a los datos de las variables estudiadas. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson (r) para establecer grados de relación de los minerales entre las variedades; prueba de t de Student para comparar clasificando a las muestras según ciclo de recolección (Temprana y Tardía); análisis factorial para interpretar las relaciones existentes a través factores y análisis discriminantes (de paso a paso con criterio de selección la lambda de Wilks (λ) e introduciendo todas las variables) validados a través de análisis de validación cruzada. El elemento mineral (en mg/kg) presente en mayor concentración en la totalidad de las muestras fue K (2086 ± 418), seguido de Ca (974 ± 486) y Mg (244 ± 70), siendo el Zn el menos presente (1,12 ± 0,61). Las variedades con mayor contenido mineral fueron Alicantina (Ca: 1809 ± 327 y Cu: 2,97 ± 0,23) y Padrón de Seda (Mg: 435 ± 46 y Mn: 3,08 ± 0,49) y la de menor aporte fue Parado (Cu, Mn, Ca, K y Mg). Las variedades Tardías presentaron mayores concentraciones de Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Mg y menores de Zn y Na en relación a las variedades Tempranas (p < 0,05). Se evidenció que las concentraciones de Cu, Zn y Na presentaron alto número de correlaciones significativas. El análisis factorial permitió deducir que Mg, K y Fe son las variables que permiten caracterizar el sistema perdiendo un mínimo de información total. El porcentaje de casos originales correctamente clasificados después de aplicar análisis discriminantes a las variedades de ciclo de recolección Temprana fue del 98 % de los casos originales y 96 % luego de la validación cruzada, mientras que para las variedades de ciclo de recolección Tardía fue del 100 % de los casos originales y 99 % después de la validación.

In the Canary Islands there are some lesser-known varieties of white grapes. The aim of this study is to examine the differences in phenolic compounds and colour coordinates between three varietal white wines, Listan blanco, Verdello and Gual, cultivated in a very special region due to its location and its low irrigation. Using a HPLC method, we have measured 19 compounds of different phenolic groups. The wines of this study presented high values of these compounds. The Gual variety had the highest significant values of the cis and trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid and total resveratrol content with an average of 3.94 mg/L. The ratio of trans-coutaric acid/trans-caftaric acid concentration allowed the differentiation also of Gual variety. Furthermore, caftaric acid has been shown to be a chemotaxonomic parameter for white wines.

The determination of organic acids in tomato samples was optimized using the HPLC method with on-line photodiode array detection, previous to extraction with 80% ethanol at room temperature and clean-up in Accell Plus QMA cartridge. The organic acids (oxalic, pyruvic, malic, citric, fumaric and ascorbic), Brix degree, acidity and pH were determined in five tomato cultivars (Dorothy, Boludo, Dominique, Thomas and Dunkan) harvested in Tenerife. There are several significant differences among cultivars in the concentration of many acids. The cultivation method, sampling period and the region of production were also considered. Citric, malic and oxalic acids were the major organic acids in all the cultivars. Some significant differences in the studied parameters were observed between the cultivars. The cultivation method and sampling period influenced in a variable way the studied parameters, depending on the tomato cultivar. The production region influenced the ascorbic acid concentration of the tomatoes. Applying stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that the sampling period is more important in the differentiation of the tomato samples than the cultivar, cultivation method and production region.

In order to study the magnitude of the copigmentation phenomenon in aged red wines, 84 samples of Listan negro wines were collected from several wineries in the Canary Islands. They were analysed at 1 and 2 years of age. The contribution of free anthocyanins, copigmented anthocyanins and polymeric pigments to the colour of wine, and the total phenols were determined. Moreover, coloured anthocyanins, total anthocyanins, percentage of total anthocyanins in coloured form and chemical age factor, and the chromatic characteristics of the wines were determined. The contribution to colour due to copigmented anthocyanins in these aged red wines remained at 22.3 and 18.5% (mean values) after 1 and 2 years of age, respectively, and the free anthocyanins at 37.0 and 32.5%. A comparison between the results obtained by Somers and Boulton methods has been established.

The biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. The blood of 106 opiate addicts in detoxification treatment (n=19) or in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) (n=87) was studied. Opiate addicts presented lower levels in the number of red cells, cholesterol, albumin, retinol, α-tocopherol, folic acid, K and Se and higher levels in the number of leukocytes, GOT, GPT and Na, than the control group. The opiate addicts in MMTP had higher levels of glucose, triglycerides, Mg and P than the opiate addicts in the detoxification treatment and control groups. Significant correlations between the three vitamins (folic acid, retinal and α-tocopherol) were observed and the graphic representations suggest a biochemical differentiation between opiate addicts and healthy subjects. Factor analysis made it possible to select seven factors explaining 66.2% of the total variance, and representing the first and fourth factor, opiate addicts tended to separate from the control group.

Determination of free gallic acid and catechin (cianidanol) in banana samples was optimized using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with on-line photodiode array detection. This method was applied for cultivars of bananas (Gran Enana and Pequena Enana) harvested in Tenerife (Canary Islands) and for bananas (Gran Enana) from Ecuador. The contents of catechin and gallic acid in bananas from Ecuador were higher (P

Black mulberry (Morus nigra) is a fruit not known only for its nutritional qualities and its flavour, but also for its traditional use in natural medicine as it has a high content of active therapeutic compounds. However, this fruit is not widely produced in Spain but some trees are still found growing in the Canary Islands, particularly on the edges of the ravine. The inhabitants of these islands (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, El Hierro and Lanzarote) collect the fruit and prepare homemade beverages for medicinal purposes. Numerous authors have reported that type II diabetes mellitus can be controlled by taking a mixture containing black mulberry and water. Apart from that, this fruit has been used for the treatment of mouth, tongue and throat inflammations. In this study we present some characteristics of black mulberry juice (TSS, pH, titratable acidity, citric acid, lactic acid, polyphenols, anthocyanins, the potassium etc.) and alcoholic beverages (alcoholic grade, pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, tannins, phenols etc.) obtained from black mulberry. Moreover, we have studied the quality of liquors obtained from black mulberry in Canary Islands.

Urinary selenium (Se) concentrations (μg/1 of urine and μg/g of creatinine) and urinary Se excretions (μg/d and μg/d • kg of body weight) have been determined in healthy Canarian people. Urinary Se status was relatively low and similar to those data published from European regions. Females excreted daily significantly (P = 0.005) higher amounts of Se per kg of body weight in urine than males. An increase of daily urinary Se excretion was observed up to 30 years of age. Children (μ 10 years old) had daily urinary Se excretion per kg of body weight higher than persons with age > 10 years old. Both units of Se excretion, μg/d and μg/d • kg, increased or decreased respectively with weight and height of the individuals. Food habits such as consumption of rich protein or rich fibre food, and drinking alcohol or coffee as well as smoking do not seem to influence the urinary Se status. Depletion of daily urinary Se excretion was observed with the increase of physical exercise. Unit of concentration (μg/g of creatinine) is a more adequate indicator of the urinary Se excretion than the unit μg/1. © 1995, Walter de Gruyter. All rights reserved.