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This paper aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure the prioritization of strategies to transitioning towards a circular economy and to compare different countries. We proposed a questionnaire based on a five-level ordinal scale to evaluate the 24 strategies of the circular economy under a set of ten criteria given technical issues, as well as social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. Each strategy was defined and evaluated by the participants on the same scale, who are stakeholders involved in the transition towards a circular economy. The validation was conducted by two main procedures, including semantic validation through 17 experts from five countries and statistical validation by 347 survey respondents from 25 countries. The results show that the questionnaire seems a reliable and valid tool to analyze which circular economy strategies countries, regions and cities prioritize. Few studies have been conducted to validate instruments about the circular economy; they are focused at the micro level, (industry). Studies that validate measurement instruments regarding the circular economy at the macro level are lacking. This study is the first one to validate the circular economy instrument at the macro level. It can help researchers and practitioners from public and private sectors from a variety of organizations in proposing actions to enable the transition and create performance indicators.

The Bedouin syndrome represents social interactions based on four premises: a friend of my friend is my friend, a friend of my enemy is my enemy, an enemy of my friend is my enemy, and an enemy of my enemy is my friend. These extensive associations exist in many social and economic relationships, such as market competition, neighborhood relations, political behavior, student gangs, organized crime, and the violent behavior of sports spectators (hooliganism) worldwide. This work tests the Bedouin syndrome hypothesis considering the violent behavior in the football fan culture. We construct relational networks of social affinities to represent the social interactions of organized fan bases (Torcidas organizadas) involved in hooligan violence in Pernambuco, Brazil. Contrary to prior expectations, the results evidence no statistical support for the Bedouin syndrome in 13 of the 15 analyzed clubs. There is weak statistical support in two interactions and strong statistical support in one interaction to state that a friend of my enemy is my friend (instead of an enemy). The only support for the Bedouin syndrome is circumstantial based on a prior assumption of an alliance. We propose a network development that can be more suitable to represent football fans’ violent behavior. The results contribute to understanding the hooliganism social phenomenon in football-rooted cultures and their impact on public health, identifying potential determinants for organized violence by young spectators’ and supporting police strategies by defining relevance scores for the most potential clashes and coalitions of gangs.

This article aims to analyze the relationship between expert evidence and wrongful convictions. It is a topic that is still little explored in Brazil, but with a wide debate in the USA. For this reason, it is used as the basis of the American model to answer the following questions: 1) What are the main American associations and databases related to the reversals of wrongful convictions? 2) What are the reflexes of the American approach in United Kingdom, Canada and Brazil? 3) How do expert evidence relate to wrongful convictions? 4) Are there criteria applicable to expert evidence that can be implemented in Brazil in order to reduce the chance of expert errors and misinterpretation by the judges? It is expected to present the point and the counterpoint in the use of expert evidence, to address the merits of associations that seek to reverse wrongful convictions and to suggest criteria to improve the way the experts dialogue with the judges.

This publication is part of the proceedings of the Biot-Bažant Conference on Engineering Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials, which took place virtually on June 1-3, 2021. It contains a one-page abstract and the video of the talk that was given at the conference.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v7i1.410 Submitted by jualmei@stj.jus.br (jualmei@stj.jus.br) on 2021-04-21T01:26:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 consideracoes_sobre_condenacoes_lourenco.pdf: 843922 bytes, checksum: c16970d1020c94fac5eb0c95475174f2 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Stephanie Moira (rsmoira@stj.jus.br) on 2021-04-22T16:01:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 consideracoes_sobre_condenacoes_lourenco.pdf: 843922 bytes, checksum: c16970d1020c94fac5eb0c95475174f2 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-22T16:01:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 consideracoes_sobre_condenacoes_lourenco.pdf: 843922 bytes, checksum: c16970d1020c94fac5eb0c95475174f2 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study aims to identify the main barriers to fully implement the reverse logistics of e-waste in Brazil and prioritize them under a Multicriteria Decision Aid approach (MCDA) according to the perceptions of small and medium-sized companies, consumers, and the Brazilian government. Hence, the study was conducted in two steps: (i) Systematic literature review to identify the main barriers, with data collection carried out through a documental analysis, and (ii) MCDA application, through self-administered questionnaires. In order to deal with the uncertainty in subjective measures, the method of Composition of Probabilistic Preferences (CPP) was applied to analyze the results of each group of decision maker, opting for the progressive-pessimistic scenario to prioritize the barriers to be solved. As main results, a priority classification of the internal and external barriers considering each category of decision maker was obtained. Moreover, it was verified that the government and micro and small companies agreed that internal barriers with an organizational nature or related to infrastructure management are the main obstacles to the implementation of reverse logistics. On the other hand, consumers consider the managerial or organizational barriers as a priority.

In this paper we provide forecasts of the cumulative number of confirmed reported cases in Brazil, specifically in Pernambuco and Ceara, by using the generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model and Susceptible, Un-quanrantined infected, Quarantined infected, Confirmed infected (SUQC) phenomenological model. We rely on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute relative error (MARE) to quantify the quality of the models fits during the calibrationAll of these analyzes have been valid until the present date, April 14, 2020. The different models provide insights of our scenario predictions.

O gerenciamento de processos de negócios (BPM) é um instrumento que auxilia no monitoramento do desempenho das organizações, promovendo uma visão sistêmica do ambiente interno e externo a organização, com relação a todos os participantes e processos, bem como suas inter-relações. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o relacionamento e influência entre os elementos centrais às práticas de BPM e o desempenho organizacional, considerando informações de empresas situadas no Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) Têxtil do Agreste de Pernambuco, haja vista sua relevância dentro da economia internacional, nacional e regional. As hipóteses propostas quanto ao relacionamento entre os processos foram testadas utilizando o método dos mínimos quadrados parciais, com o auxílio do software SmartPLS 3.0. Como resultados observados, são destacadas a proposição e confirmação de relacionamentos, dentre outros, ao alinhamento estratégico e governança, bem como a governança e o uso de tecnologia da informação, e o uso de tecnologia da informação e cultura organizacional.

Uma vez que os investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) têm crescido dentro das organizações, e a estes estão associados desafios quanto a identificação e quantificação dos retornos, estudos neste sentido se tornam de grande importância. Uma tendência de investimentos nos últimos anos é a adoção de Sistemas de Informação (SIs) integrados ou a integração dos já existentes nas empresas. As razões que levam os gestores a adotarem tais formas de investimentos em TIC são, de maneira geral, a busca por melhorias de desempenho e vantagem competitiva, tendo em vista, os ambientes de negócio cada vez mais dinâmicos. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da integração de SIs na competitividade das empresas pernambucanas de diversos setores. Para tanto, uma coleta de dados foi realizada por meio um questionário elaborado nos formatos físico e online e enviado às empresas, além de testes de hipótese com os dados obtidos. Os resultados identificados demonstraram a influência da integração sobre a compreensão do negócio, aprendizado dos funcionários e inovação, enquanto que, nenhuma relação pôde ser constatada no que se refere a custos e controle de atividades.

Paper aims This paper proposes a multicriteria decision approach for supplier selection using a multicriteria method based on Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff) elicitation process, within the ranking problematic perspective. Originality This paper develops a framework integrating the results of VFT (Value-Focused Thinking) method with the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) dimension and the veto concept to improve the decision process within a multicriteria perspective. Research method This study provides a case study in a textile company in Campina Grande, northeast Brazil using data mainly from semi-structured interviews. It also employs quantitative techniques based on problem structuring methods and multicriteria decision making. Main findings The VFT helped in identifying criteria that are not yet explored by the company, and in structuring the decision problem of how incorporate and balance the TBL dimensions. The recommendation obtained by using the proposed multicriteria decision framework is different from the group of suppliers currently used by the company. Implications for theory and practice Clarify and identify different objectives and to specify the consequences of a decision problem, allowing the Decision Maker (DM) to obtain and prioritize an economic and sustainable solution for a given number of suppliers to be selected, saving his time and effort.

Purpose To evaluate the hyaluronic acid (HA) inflammatory reaction, fibroblasts, fibrosis and duration of effect in the dorsal region of tobacco-exposed rats. Methods Ten Wistar rats were divided into two groups: tobacco-exposed-group (TEG;n=5) and air-control-group (CG;n=5). The TEG animals were tobacco-exposed twice a day, 30-minutes/session, during 60 days. After this period, all animals received 0.1 mL HA subcutaneous injection in the dorsal area. The volume of HA was measured immediately after HA injection and weekly using a hand-caliper in nine weeks. After this period, all the animals were euthanized, and a specimen of was collected to evaluate inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and fibrosis by HE. Results This study showed a higher inflammatory reaction in TEG than CG: inflammatory cell-count (CG: 1.07±0.9; TEG: 8.61±0.36, p

Purpose: To evaluate the hyaluronic acid (HA) inflammatory reaction, fibroblasts, fibrosis and duration of effect in the dorsal region of tobacco-exposed rats. Methods: Ten Wistar rats were divided into two groups: tobacco-exposed-group (TEG;n=5) and air-control-group (CG;n=5). The TEG animals were tobacco-exposed twice a day, 30-minutes/session, during 60 days. After this period, all animals received 0.1 mL HA subcutaneous injection in the dorsal area. The volume of HA was measured immediately after HA injection and weekly using a hand-caliper in nine weeks. After this period, all the animals were euthanized, and a specimen of was collected to evaluate inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and fibrosis by HE. Results: This study showed a higher inflammatory reaction in TEG than CG: inflammatory cell-count (CG: 1.07±0.9; TEG: 8.61±0.36, p

This article aims to analyze the relationship between expert evidence and wrongful convictions. It is a topic that is still little explored in Brazil, but with a wide debate in the USA. For this reason, it is used as the basis of the American model to answer the following questions: 1) What are the main American associations and databases related to the reversals of wrongful convictions? 2) What are the reflexes of the American approach in United Kingdom, Canada and Brazil? 3) How do expert evidence relate to wrongful convictions? 4) Are there criteria applicable to expert evidence that can be implemented in Brazil in order to reduce the chance of expert errors and misinterpretation by the judges? It is expected to present the point and the counterpoint in the use of expert evidence, to address the merits of associations that seek to reverse wrongful convictions and to suggest criteria to improve the way the experts dialogue with the judges., Este artigo pretende analisar a relação entre as provas periciais e as condenações injustas. Trata-se de tema ainda pouco explorado no Brasil, mas com amplo debate nos EUA. Por essa razão, utiliza-se como base o modelo estadunidense para responder às seguintes questões: 1) Quais são as principais organizações e bases de dados estadunidenses relacionadas às reversões de condenações injustas? 2) Quais os reflexos da abordagem estadunidense no Reino Unido, no Canadá e no Brasil? 3) Como as provas periciais relacionam-se às condenações injustas? 4) Existem critérios aplicáveis às provas periciais que possam ser implantados no Brasil com vistas a diminuir a chance de erros periciais e interpretações equivocadas por parte dos julgadores? Espera-se apresentar o ponto e o contraponto no uso da prova pericial, abordar o mérito de organizações que buscam reverter condenações injustas e sugerir critérios para aprimorar a forma como os peritos dialogam com os julgadores.

The National Policy of Solid Waste, recently approved in Brazil, establishes the implementation of reverse logistics networks for several residues, such as electronic waste. One of the primary points of the legislation is the principle of ‘shared responsibility’, which establishes that all actors in a supply chain are responsible for the reverse logistics, such as manufacturers, distributors, importers, retailers, the government and the final consumer. This situation characterizes a group decision context and, emphasises the need of aggregate different and often conflicting viewpoints. Thus, this paper proposes the use of a specific Problem Structuring Method, the Strategic Options Development Analysis, which is based on the construction of cognitive mapping techniques, for developing strategic analysis based on the decision-makers' viewpoints. In order to apply the methodology, we conducted online workshops with 8 representatives of the stakeholders involved in this decision context. At the end of the process, four categories of actions to be implemented were found and developed: strategic, environmental, economic and social. These categories are based not only to technically assessment, but also on stakeholder's perspectives. The contribution of this paper is mainly related to the analysis and structuration of the problem of reverse logistics of electronic waste under a problem structuring methodology, which is few explored in the literature. This paper also contributes to researchers estudying reverse logistics of electronic waste, mainly in developing countries.

A risk analysis model for information security was proposed.The model is based on fuzzy decision theory.A taxonomy of events and scenarios using ETA methodology was developed.Alternatives can be ranked based on the criticality of the risk.The model provides information regarding the criticality causes of attacks.Results show that deliberate external database attack is the most risky alternative. This paper proposes a risk analysis model for information security assessment, which identifies and evaluates the sequence of events - referred to as alternatives - in a potential accident scenario following the occurrence of an initiating event corresponding to abuses of Information Technology systems. In order to perform this evaluation, this work suggests the use of Event Tree Analysis combined with fuzzy decision theory. The contributions of the present proposal are: the development of a taxonomy of events and scenarios, the ranking of alternatives based on the criticality of the risk, considering financial losses, and finally, the provision of information regarding the causes of information system attacks of highest managerial relevance for organizations. We included an illustrative example regarding a data center aiming to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model. To assess its robustness, we analyzed twelve alternatives considering two different methods of setting probabilities of the occurrence of events. Results showed that deliberate external database services attack represent the most risky alternative.

Given the environmental impacts produced by the growing increase in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and their current inadequate management, this article proposes a mathematical model to define the best location for installing WEEE collection points. The objective is to minimize the cost of the reverse logistics system concerning transportation, installation, opportunity cost, and distance between points and demand. We used a heuristic created from the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure and genetic algorithm meta-heuristics to solve the model, with part of the model variables being defined by another heuristic or by the JuMP v.0.21.2 and CLP Solver v.0.7.1 packages, to guarantee an optimal response to a subproblem of these variables. The model and its solver were written in the Julia Programming Language and executed in two test scenarios. In the first, three vehicles with small loads must collect at five points. In the second, a vehicle with greater available capacity must collect at five points. The results obtained show that the mathematical model and the heuristic are adequate to solve the problem. Thus, we understood that the proposed method contributes to the literature, given the criticality of the current scenario concerning the management of WEEE, and it can assist managers and public policymakers when providing inputs for decision-making related to the choice of the best location for installing collection points.

Big data is the term used to denote enormous sets of data that differ from other classic databases in four main ways: (huge) volume, (high) velocity, (much greater) variety, and (big) value. In general, data are stored in a distributed fashion and on computing nodes as a result of which big data may be more susceptible to attacks by hackers. This paper presents a risk model for big data, which comprises Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Grey Theory, more precisely grey relational analysis. This approach has several advantages: it provides a structured approach in order to incorporate the impact of big data risk factors; it facilitates the assessment of risk by breaking down the overall risk to big data; and finally its efficient evaluation criteria can help enterprises reduce the risks associated with big data. In order to illustrate the applicability of our proposal in practice, a numerical example, with realistic data based on expert knowledge, was developed. The numerical example analyzes four dimensions, that is, managing identification and access, registering the device and application, managing the infrastructure, and data governance, and 20 failure modes concerning the vulnerabilities of big data. The results show that the most important aspect of risk to big data relates to data governance.

The supply chain (SC) integrates the process management of the target enterprise, providing a connection with their clients, suppliers and within itself. This type of management is dynamic and it covers the business processes that involve since the final consumer to the primary suppliers which provide products, services and information that generate value to the consumers and stakeholders. Given the importance of the integration of these processes on a SC, this paper’s objective is to elaborate a diagnosis to evaluate, and propose improvements relating to processes Management throughout the Supply Chain Management (SCM) based on the model by Lambert et al. (1998) as well as through a SWOT analysis. The present research has utilized a qualitative approach, adjusted to exploratory adapted to a case study applied on a company of the textile industry located on the wasteland region of Pernambuco state, and was conducted through personal interviews by the means of an elaborate questionnaire. The results show that there is a lack of process management models, which is a compromising factor to the efficiency of the processes involved on the SCM, as well as also show the need of formalization of the key-processes on the supply line.

Cognitive decline accompanying the clinically more salient motor symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD) has been widely noted and can precede motor symptoms onset. Less clear is how such decline bears on language functions in everyday life, though a small number of experimental studies have revealed difficulties with the application of rule-based aspects of language in early stages of the disease. Here we aimed to determine whether there is a systematic linguistic profile that characterizes spontaneous narrative speech in both pre-manifest and/or early manifest HD, and how it is related to striatal degeneration and neuropsychological profiles. Twenty-eight early-stage patients (19 manifest and 9 gene-carriers in the pre-manifest stage), matched with 28 controls, participated in a story-telling task. Speech was blindly scored by independent raters according to fine-grained linguistic variables distributed over 5 domains for which composite scores were computed (Quantitative, Fluency, Reference, Connectivity, and Concordance). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to link specific brain degeneration patterns to loci of linguistic decline. In all of these domains, significant differences were observed between groups. Deficits in Reference and Connectivity were seen in the pre-manifest stage, where no other neuropsychological impairment was detected. Among HD patients, there was a significant positive correlation only between the values in the Quantitative domain and gray matter volume bilaterally in the putamen and pallidum. These results fill the gap of qualitative data of spontaneous narrative speech in HD and reveal that HD is characterized by systematic linguistic impairments leading to dysfluencies and disorganization in core domains of grammatical organization. This includes the referential use of noun phrases and the embedding of clauses, which mediate crucial dimensions of meaning in language in its normal social use. Moreover, such impairment is seen prior to motor symptoms onset and when standardized neuropsychological test profiles are otherwise normal.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is primarily associated with striatal degeneration. However, the alterations in connectivity of this structure in HD have been underinvestigated. In this study, we analyzed the functional and structural connectivity of the left putamen, while participants performed a finger-tapping task. Using fMRI and DW-MRI, 30 HD gene expansion carriers (HDGEC) and 29 healthy participants were scanned. Psychophysiological interaction analysis and DTI-based tractography were employed to examine functional and structural connectivity, respectively. Manifest HDGEC exhibited a reduced functional connectivity of the left putamen with the left and the right primary sensorimotor areas (SM1). Based on this result, the inhibitory functional connectivity between the left SM1 and the right SM1 was explored, appearing to be also decreased. In addition, the tract connecting these areas (motor corpus callosum), and the tract connecting the left putamen with the left SM1 appeared disrupted in HDGEC compared to controls. Significant correlations were found between measures of functional and structural connectivity of the motor corpus callosum, showing a coupling of both types of alterations in this tract. The observed reduction of functional and structural connectivity was associated with worse motor scores, which highlights the clinical relevance of these results. Hum Brain Mapp 39:54-71, 2018. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Purpose: To introduce a nonliving microvascular training model based on vessels diameter and feasibility. Methods: We dissected ten oxen tongues, and divided the pedicles into three-thirds: proximal, middle and distal. We measured the external vessels diameter in all regions. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis. Three students (two beginner level and one intermediate level) performed this training. We evaluated the confidence, according Likert scale. Results: We dissected all oxen tongues, each tongue showed two parallel pedicles. Each pedicle was located at 1.5 - 2.0 cm from the midline. Proximal median artery and vein diameter were 3.9 ± 0.7, and 5.04 ± 1.44mm, respectively. In the middle third, the mean artery diameter was 3.3 ± 0.4mm, and the vein diameter was 3.5 ± 0.9mm. The distal third showed a mean artery diameter of 2.0 ± 0.42mm, and a vein diameter of 2.4 ± 0.82mm. The students performed ten anastomoses. This study showed a higher confidence level (CL) (p=0.03) than the pre training CL assessment. Conclusion: This study suggested a feasible non-animal model for microsurgical training process for beginners and intermediate trainees.

Since investments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have grown within organizations, and these are associated with challenges in identifying and quantifying returns, studies over this theme become more importance. Investment trends in recent years are the adoption of integrated Information Systems (ISs) or the integration of existing ones in companies. The reasons that lead managers to adopt those ICT investments are, in general, the pursuit of performance improvements and competitive advantage, considering the existence of dynamic business environments even more competitive. Thus, the objective of this study is investigate the impact of IS integration on the competitiveness of Pernambuco companies in different sectors. Therefore, a data collection was performed through a questionnaire elaborated in physical and online formats and sent to companies. After that, hypothesis tests were performed with the data obtained. The results identified demonstrated the influence of integration on business understanding, employee learning and innovation, whereas no relationship could be verified with regard to costs and activity control. Uma vez que os investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) têm crescido dentro das organizações, e a estes estão associados desafios quanto a identificação e quantificação dos retornos, estudos neste sentido se tornam de grande importância. Uma tendência de investimentos nos últimos anos é a adoção de Sistemas de Informação (SIs) integrados ou a integração dos já existentes nas empresas. As razões que levam os gestores a adotarem tais formas de investimentos em TIC são, de maneira geral, a busca por melhorias de desempenho e vantagem competitiva, tendo em vista, os ambientes de negócio cada vez mais dinâmicos. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da integração de SIs na competitividade das empresas pernambucanas de diversos setores. Para tanto, uma coleta de dados foi realizada por meio um questionário elaborado nos formatos físico e online e enviado às empresas, além de testes de hipótese com os dados obtidos. Os resultados identificados demonstraram a influência da integração sobre a compreensão do negócio, aprendizado dos funcionários e inovação, enquanto que, nenhuma relação pôde ser constatada no que se refere a custos e controle de atividades.

Cocaine addiction has been associated with increased sensitivity of the human reward circuit to drug-related stimuli. However, the capacity of non-drug incentives to engage this network is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the functional sensitivity to monetary incentives and the structural integrity of the human reward circuit in abstinent cocaine-dependent (CD) patients and their matched controls. We assessed the BOLD response to monetary gains and losses in 30 CD patients and 30 healthy controls performing a lottery task in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We measured brain gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel-based morphometry and white matter microstructure using voxel-based fractional anisotropy (FA). Functional data showed that, after monetary incentives, CD patients exhibited higher activation in the ventral striatum than controls. Furthermore, we observed an inverted BOLD response pattern in the prefrontal cortex, with activity being highest after unexpected high gains and lowest after losses. Patients showed increased GMV in the caudate and the orbitofrontal cortex, increased white matter FA in the orbito-striatal pathway but decreased FA in antero-posterior association bundles. Abnormal activation in the prefrontal cortex correlated with GMVand FA increases in the orbitofrontal cortex. While functional abnormalities in the ventral striatumwere inversely correlated with abstinence duration, structural alterationswere not. In conclusion, results suggest abnormal incentive processing in CD patients with high salience for rewards and punishments in subcortical structures but diminished prefrontal control after adverse outcomes. They further suggest that hypertrophy and hyperconnectivity within the reward circuit, to the expense of connectivity outside this network, characterize cocaine addiction.

The desire to increase rewards and minimize punishing events is a powerful driver in behaviour. Here, we assess how the value of a location affects subsequent deployment of goal-directed attention as well as involuntary capture of attention on a trial-to-trial basis. By tracking eye position, we investigated whether the ability of an irrelevant, salient visual stimulus to capture gaze (stimulus-driven attention) is modulated by that location's previous value. We found that distractors draw attention to them significantly more if they appear at a location previously associated with a reward, even when gazing towards them now leads to punishments. Within the same experiment, it was possible to demonstrate that a location associated with a reward can also bias subsequent goal-directed attention (indexed by action choices) towards it. Moreover, individuals who were vulnerable to being distracted by previous reward history, as indexed by oculomotor capture, were also more likely to direct their actions to those locations when they had a free choice. Even when the number of initial responses was made to be rewarded and punished stimuli were equalized, the effects of previous reward history on both distractibility and action choices remained. Finally, a covert attention task requiring button-press responses rather than overt gaze shifts demonstrated the same pattern of findings. Thus, past rewards can act to modulate both subsequent stimulus-driven as well as goal-directed attention. These findings reveal that there can be surprising short-term costs of using reward cues to regulate behaviour. They show that current valence information, if maintained inappropriately, can have negative subsequent effects, with attention and action choices being vulnerable to capture and bias, mechanisms that are of potential importance in understanding distractibility and abnormal action choices. © 2013 The Author(s).

O objetivo desse artigo e examinar e avaliar a logistica reversa de pos-consumo no mercado de produtos opticos, atraves de um levantamento de dados no municipio de Caruaru, localizado no interior do estado de Pernambuco. Para essa pesquisa foram levantadas informacoes relativas tanto aos usuarios, como as proprias opticas, incluindo informacoes preliminares de uma otica localizada na cidade de Recife. Ao final da pesquisa, foram propostas algumas politicas e praticas de logistica reversa, interessantes tanto para o consumidor, quanto para a otica e tambem para a sociedade. Palavras-chave: Logistica Reversa; Produtos Opticos; Melhorias; Politicas e Praticas.

Objective To investigate the relationship between total and segmental body fat, bone mineral density and bone mineral content in undergraduate students stratified according to nutritional status. Methods The study included 45 male undergraduate students aged between 20 and 30 years. Total and segmental body composition, bone mineral density and bone mineral content assessments were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were allocated into three groups (eutrophic, overweight and obese). Results With the exception of upper limb bone mineral content, significantly higher (p