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1. The ESRF dark-field x-ray microscope at ID03

Author

Isern, H., Brochard, T., Dufrane, T., Brumund, P., Papillon, E., Scortani, D., Hino, R., Yildirim, C., Lamas, R. Rodriguez, Li, Y., Sarkis, M., and Detlefs, C.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Dark Field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) is a full-field imaging technique for non-destructive 3D mapping of orientation and strain in crystalline elements. The new DFXM beamline at ID03, developed as part of the ESRF Phase II Upgrade Project (EBSL2), was designed to provide cutting-edge capabilities for studying embedded microstructures. The project relocated and upgraded the end station from ID06-HXM to ID03, integrating new X-ray optics, radiation hutches, and a source device optimized for this advanced technique. Notable improvements include a near-field camera, a new goniometer, and a high-resolution far-field camera. The conceptual design was completed in September 2019, followed by the technical design in March 2021, with first users welcomed in April 2024. Building on the success of the original instrument, the ID03 beamline offers enhanced multi-scale and multi-modal mapping of microstructures with high resolution, enabling in-situ exploration of complex phenomena. Applications range from strain and orientation mapping in metals to studies of functional materials, semiconductors, biominerals, and energy systems.

Published
2024

4. Towards neuro-oncologic clinical trials of high dose rate synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy: first treatment of a spontaneous canine brain tumor.: First microbeam treatment of canine brain tumor

Author

Adam, J F, Balosso, J, Bayat, S, Berkvens, P, Berruyer, G, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Brochard, T, Chamel, G, Desagneaux, A, Drevon-Gaud, R, Eling, L, Estève, F, Flandin, I, Gaudin, M, Giraud, J Y, Giraud, L, Gonzalez, H, Kefs, S, Keshmiri, S, Krainik, A, Krisch, M, Laissue, Jean, Lemaire, G, Mauro, A, Nemoz, C, Pellicioli, P, Renier, M, Verry, C, and Serduc, R

Subjects
610 Medicine & health, equipment and supplies, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

INTRODUCTION The high potential of Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) in improving tumor control whilst reducing side effects has been shown by numerous preclinical studies. MRT offers a widened therapeutic window by using the periodical spatial fractionation of synchrotron generated x-rays into an array of intense parallel microbeams. MRT now enters a clinical transfer phase. As proof of principle and cornerstone for the safe clinical transfer of MRT, we conducted a "first in dog" trial under clinical conditions. In this report, we evaluated whether a 3D conformal MRT can be safely delivered as exclusive radiosurgical treatment in animal patients. METHODS We irradiated a 17.5 kg French Bulldog for a spontaneous brain tumor (glioma suspected on MRI) with conformal high dose rate microbeam arrays (50µm-wide microbeams, replicated with a pitch of 400μm) of synchrotron-generated x-rays. The dose prescription adjusted a minimal cumulated valley dose of 2.8Gy to the PTV (CTV+1mm). Thus, each beam delivered 20-25Gy to the target as peak doses, and ∼1Gy as valley doses. RESULTS The treatment was successfully delivered. Clinical follow-up over 3 months showed a significant improvement of the dog's quality of life: the symptoms disappeared. MRI, performed 3 months post irradiation, revealed reduction in tumor size (-87.4%) and mass effect with normalization of the left lateral ventricle. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this neuro-oncologic veterinary trial is the first 3D conformal synchrotron x-ray MRT treatment of a spontaneous intracranial tumor in a large animal. It is an essential last step towards the clinical transfer of MRT in the near future, to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of treating deep seated tumors using synchrotron-generated microbeams.

Published
2022

6. Radiation therapy using synchrotron radiation: Preclinical studies toward clinical trials

Author

Adam, J, Balosso, J, Bobyk, L, Charvet, A, Deman, P, Edouard, M, Elleaume, H, Estève, F, Le Bas, J, Rousseau, J, Serduc, R, Vautrin, M, Chabrol, T, Depaulis, A, Pouyatos, B, Baruchel, J, Berkvens, P, Berruyer, G, Bouchet, A, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Bravin, A, Brochard, T, Dalléry, D, Le Duc, G, Nemoz, C, Martínez-Rovira, I, Prezado, Y, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Benkebil, M, Laissue, J, Adam J. F., Balosso J., Bobyk L., Charvet A.M., Deman P., Edouard M., Elleaume H., Estève F., Le Bas J.F., Rousseau J., Serduc R., Vautrin M., Chabrol T., Depaulis A., Pouyatos B., Baruchel J., Berkvens P., Berruyer G., Bouchet A., Bräuer-Krisch E., Bravin A, Brochard T., Dalléry D., Le Duc G., Nemoz C., Martínez-Rovira I., Prezado Y., Renier M., Requardt H., Benkebil M., Laissue J., Adam, J, Balosso, J, Bobyk, L, Charvet, A, Deman, P, Edouard, M, Elleaume, H, Estève, F, Le Bas, J, Rousseau, J, Serduc, R, Vautrin, M, Chabrol, T, Depaulis, A, Pouyatos, B, Baruchel, J, Berkvens, P, Berruyer, G, Bouchet, A, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Bravin, A, Brochard, T, Dalléry, D, Le Duc, G, Nemoz, C, Martínez-Rovira, I, Prezado, Y, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Benkebil, M, Laissue, J, Adam J. F., Balosso J., Bobyk L., Charvet A.M., Deman P., Edouard M., Elleaume H., Estève F., Le Bas J.F., Rousseau J., Serduc R., Vautrin M., Chabrol T., Depaulis A., Pouyatos B., Baruchel J., Berkvens P., Berruyer G., Bouchet A., Bräuer-Krisch E., Bravin A, Brochard T., Dalléry D., Le Duc G., Nemoz C., Martínez-Rovira I., Prezado Y., Renier M., Requardt H., Benkebil M., and Laissue J.

Published
2011

7. X-ray phase contrast tomography; Proof of principle for post-mortem imaging

Author

Zamir, A, Arthurs Owen, J, Hagen Charlotte, K, Diemoz Paul, C, Brochard, T, Bravin, A, Sebire Neil, J, Olivo, A, Zamir Anna, Arthurs Owen J, Hagen Charlotte K, Diemoz Paul C, Brochard Thierry, Bravin A, Sebire Neil J, Olivo Alessandro, Zamir, A, Arthurs Owen, J, Hagen Charlotte, K, Diemoz Paul, C, Brochard, T, Bravin, A, Sebire Neil, J, Olivo, A, Zamir Anna, Arthurs Owen J, Hagen Charlotte K, Diemoz Paul C, Brochard Thierry, Bravin A, Sebire Neil J, and Olivo Alessandro

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of using X-ray phase-contrast tomography to assess internal organs in a post-mortem piglet model, as a possible non-invasive imaging autopsy technique. Methods: Tomographic images of a new-born piglet were obtained using a free-space propagation X-ray phasecontrast imaging setup at a synchrotron (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France). A monochromatic X-ray beam (52 keV) was used in combination with a detector pixel size of 46346mm2. A phase-retrieval algorithm was applied to all projections, which were then reconstructed into tomograms using the filtered-back projection algorithm. Images were assessed for diagnostic quality. Results: Images obtained with the free-space propagation setup presented high soft-tissue contrast and sufficient resolution for resolving organ structure. All of the main body organs (heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and intestines) were easily identified and adequately visualized. In addition, grey/white matter differentiation in the cerebellum while still contained within the skull was shown. Conclusion: The feasibility of using X-ray phase-contrast tomography as a post-mortem imaging technique in an animal model has been demonstrated. Future studies will focus on translating this experiment to a laboratorybased setup. Advances in knowledge: Appropriate image processing and analysis enable the simultaneous visualization of both soft-and hard-tissue structures in X-ray phase-contrast images of a complex, thick sample.

Published
2016

8. Synchrotron radiation computed tomography station at the ESRF biomedical beamline

Author

Choi, JY, Rah, S, Nemoz, C, Bayat, S, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Coan, P, Le Duc, G, Keyrilainen, J, Monfraix, S, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Bravin, A, Tafforeau, P, Adam, J, Biston, M, Boudou, C, Charvet, A, Corde, S, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Joubert, A, Rousseau, J, Tropres, I, Fernandez, M, Porra, L, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Thomlinson, W, Nemoz C., Bayat S., Berruyer G., Brochard T., Coan P., Le Duc G., Keyrilainen J., Monfraix S., Renier M., Requardt H., Bravin A, Tafforeau P., Adam J. F., Biston M. C., Boudou C., Charvet A. M., Corde S., Elleaume H., Esteve F., Joubert A., Rousseau J., Tropres I., Fernandez M., Porra L., Suortti P., Fiedler S., Thomlinson W, Choi, JY, Rah, S, Nemoz, C, Bayat, S, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Coan, P, Le Duc, G, Keyrilainen, J, Monfraix, S, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Bravin, A, Tafforeau, P, Adam, J, Biston, M, Boudou, C, Charvet, A, Corde, S, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Joubert, A, Rousseau, J, Tropres, I, Fernandez, M, Porra, L, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Thomlinson, W, Nemoz C., Bayat S., Berruyer G., Brochard T., Coan P., Le Duc G., Keyrilainen J., Monfraix S., Renier M., Requardt H., Bravin A, Tafforeau P., Adam J. F., Biston M. C., Boudou C., Charvet A. M., Corde S., Elleaume H., Esteve F., Joubert A., Rousseau J., Tropres I., Fernandez M., Porra L., Suortti P., Fiedler S., and Thomlinson W

Abstract

The different tomography imaging modalities of the ESRF Medical Beamline are described and research applications are presented.

Published
2007

9. Comparison of synchrotron radiation angiography with conventional angiography for the diagnosis of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Author

Bertrand, B, Esteve, F, Elleaume, H, Nemoz, C, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Renier, M, Machecourt, J, Thomlinson, W, Le Bas, J, Bertrand B, Esteve F, Elleaume H, Nemoz C, Fiedler S, Bravin A, Berruyer G, Brochard T, Renier M, Machecourt J, Thomlinson W, Le Bas JF, Bertrand, B, Esteve, F, Elleaume, H, Nemoz, C, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Renier, M, Machecourt, J, Thomlinson, W, Le Bas, J, Bertrand B, Esteve F, Elleaume H, Nemoz C, Fiedler S, Bravin A, Berruyer G, Brochard T, Renier M, Machecourt J, Thomlinson W, and Le Bas JF

Abstract

Aims: Synchrotron radiation angiography (SRA) is a novel tool for minimally invasive coronary artery imaging. The method uses subtraction of two images produced at energies bracketing the iodine K-edge after intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast agent. We investigated the accuracy of SRA for detecting in-stent restenosis (ISR). Methods and results: We recruited 57 men, 4-6 months after successful PTCA. We visualized the right coronary artery (RCA) in 27 patients with 36 stented segments [12 segments with ISR > 50% by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)], and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 30 patients with 37 stented segments (10 ISR). SRA and QCA were performed within 2 days of each other. Two experienced observers unaware of QCA data evaluated the SRA results. Image quality was good or excellent in most patients. Global sensitivity was 64%, specificity was 95%, and positive and negative predictive values were ∼85%. Inter-observer kappa concordance coefficient was 0.86. False negatives involved short eccentric lesions and superimposed segments, most frequently of the LAD. False positives occurred in intermediate stenoses slightly overestimated by SRA. Conclusion: In men, this minimally invasive approach, using small radiation doses, detects significant ISR in the RCA, but the LAD poses difficulties because of superimposition with others structures.

Published
2005

10. New irradiation geometry for microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Brauer-Krisch, E, Requardt, H, Regnard, P, Corde, S, Siegbahn, E, Leduc, G, Brochard, T, Blattmann, H, Laissue, J, Bravin, A, Brauer-Krisch E, Requardt H, Regnard P, Corde S, Siegbahn E, LeDuc G, Brochard T, Blattmann H, Laissue J, Bravin A, Brauer-Krisch, E, Requardt, H, Regnard, P, Corde, S, Siegbahn, E, Leduc, G, Brochard, T, Blattmann, H, Laissue, J, Bravin, A, Brauer-Krisch E, Requardt H, Regnard P, Corde S, Siegbahn E, LeDuc G, Brochard T, Blattmann H, Laissue J, and Bravin A

Abstract

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) has the potential to treat infantile brain tumours when other kinds of radiotherapy would be excessively toxic to the developing normal brain. MRT uses extraordinarily high doses of x-rays but provides unusual resistance to radioneurotoxicity, presumably from the migration of endothelial cells from 'valleys' into 'peaks', i.e., into directly irradiated microslices of tissues. We present a novel irradiation geometry which results in a tolerable valley dose for the normal tissue and a decreased peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) in the tumour area by applying an innovative cross-firing technique. We propose an MRT technique to orthogonally crossfire two arrays of parallel, nonintersecting, mutually interspersed microbeams that produces tumouricidal doses with small PVDRs where the arrays meet and tolerable radiation doses to normal tissues between the microbeams proximal and distal to the tumour in the paths of the arrays.

Published
2005

11. Fixed-exit monochromator for computed tomography with synchrotron radiation at energies 18-90 keV

Author

Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Brochard, T, Mattenet, M, Renier, M, Spanne, P, Thomlinson, W, Charvet, A, Elleaume, H, Schulze-Briese, C, Thompson, A, Suortti P, Fiedler S, Bravin A, Brochard T, Mattenet M, Renier M, Spanne P, Thomlinson W, Charvet AM, Elleaume H, Schulze-Briese C, Thompson AC, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Brochard, T, Mattenet, M, Renier, M, Spanne, P, Thomlinson, W, Charvet, A, Elleaume, H, Schulze-Briese, C, Thompson, A, Suortti P, Fiedler S, Bravin A, Brochard T, Mattenet M, Renier M, Spanne P, Thomlinson W, Charvet AM, Elleaume H, Schulze-Briese C, and Thompson AC

Abstract

A fixed-exit monochromator has been constructed for computed tomography (CT) studies at the Medical Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A non-dispersive pair of bent Laue-type crystals is used, and the first crystal is water-cooled. The monochromator operates at energies from 18 to 90 keV, and the maximum width of the beam is 150 mm. The performance of the monochromator is studied with respect to the beam intensity and energy distributions, and a close agreement is found between the calculated and experimental results. The intensity is between 10(9) and 10(10) photons s(-1) mm(-2) under typical operating conditions. The harmonic content of a 25 keV beam is about 30% at the minimum wiggler gap of 25 mm (field 1.57 T) and decreases by an order of magnitude when the gap is increased to 60 mm (field 0.62 T). The experimental set-up for CT studies includes dose monitors, goniometers and translation stages for positioning and scanning the object, and a 432-element linear-array Ge detector. Examples from phantom studies and in vivo animal experiments are shown to illustrate the spatial resolution and contrast of the reconstructed images.

Published
2000

12. Skin penetration of gold nanoparticles: a new analytical approach using the synchrotron radiation computed microtomography

Author

Adami, Gianpiero, Crosera, Matteo, Ceccone, G., Larsson, E., Tromba, G., Brochard, T., Bravin, A., Bovenzi, Massimo, Filon Larese, F., Società Chimica Italiana, Adami, Gianpiero, Crosera, Matteo, G., Ceccone, E., Larsson, G., Tromba, T., Brochard, A., Bravin, Bovenzi, Massimo, and F., Filon Larese

Subjects
gold nanoparticles, MICROTOMOGRAPHY, skin absorption, gold nanoparticle
Abstract

Skin penetration of gold nanoparticles: a new analytical approach using the synchrotron radiation computed microtomography

Published
2011

13. A new gas attenuator system for the ID17 biomedical beamline at the ESRF

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Physics (-2009), Requardt, H., Renier, M., Brochard, T., Bräuer-Krisch, E., Bravin, A., Suortti, P., University of Helsinki, Department of Physics (-2009), Requardt, H., Renier, M., Brochard, T., Bräuer-Krisch, E., Bravin, A., and Suortti, P.

Published
2013

14. A new gas attenuator system for the ID17 biomedical beamline at the ESRF

Author

Requardt, H, Renier, M, Brochard, T, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Bravin, A, Suortti, P, Requardt H, Renier M, Brochard Th, Bräuer-Krisch E, Bravin A, Suortti P, Requardt, H, Renier, M, Brochard, T, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Bravin, A, Suortti, P, Requardt H, Renier M, Brochard Th, Bräuer-Krisch E, Bravin A, and Suortti P

Abstract

On the biomedical beamline ID17 at the ESRF a gas attenuator system has been installed to complement and protect the standard solid state attenuators (graphite, Al and Cu) against fatigue and damage due to the very high heat load from the beamline's wiggler source. This series of attenuators defines the flux (dose rate) and the X-ray beam spectrum for the Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) research at ID17 which is currently under development towards clinical application. For this, the attenuators at MRT will be crucial elements to guarantee beam- and dose rate characteristics and the new gas attenuator will become a radiation therapy safety device. The installed gas attenuator and its test results will be presented.

Published
2013

15. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

Stroth, U, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Angioni, C, Balden, M, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Behler, K, Belonohy, E, Bergmann, A, Bernert, M, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Boom, J, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Casson, F, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coenen, J, Conway, G, Coster, D, Curran, D, da Silva, F, de Marne, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Dux, R, Eich, T, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Engelhardt, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fischer, R, Fuenfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gal, K, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Goerler, T, da Graca, S, Greuner, H, Gruber, O, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Guenter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Hangan, D, Happel, T, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Herrmann, A, Hobirk, J, Hoehnle, H, Hoelzl, M, Hopf, C, Houben, A, Igochine, V, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Jenko, F, Kantor, M, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Kasparek, W, Kaufmann, M, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Kocan, M, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Krieger, K, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Laux, M, Lazaros, A, Leipold, F, Leuterer, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Lohs, A, Lunt, T, Maier, H, Makkonen, T, Mank, K, Manso, M, Maraschek, M, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Mehlmann, F, Meister, H, Menchero, L, Meo, F, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Merz, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neu, G, Neu, R, Neuwirth, D, Nocente, M, Nold, B, Noterdaeme, J, Pautasso, G, Pereverzev, G, Ploeckl, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Potzel, S, Pueschel, M, Puetterich, T, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rohde, V, Rooij, G, Roth, J, Rott, M, Ryter, F, Salewski, M, Santos, J, Sauter, P, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sempf, M, Sertoli, M, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Stober, J, Streibl, B, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, Suttrop, W, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Teschke, M, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Varela, P, Veres, G, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wagner, D, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wolfrum, E, Wuersching, E, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zasche, D, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, Y, Zilker, M, Zohm, H, McCarthy, P, McDermott, R, Zohm, H., NOCENTE, MASSIMO, Stroth, U, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Angioni, C, Balden, M, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Behler, K, Belonohy, E, Bergmann, A, Bernert, M, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Boom, J, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Braun, F, Brezinsek, S, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Casson, F, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coenen, J, Conway, G, Coster, D, Curran, D, da Silva, F, de Marne, P, D'Inca, R, Douai, D, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Dux, R, Eich, T, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Engelhardt, K, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Fischer, R, Fuenfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Gal, K, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Goerler, T, da Graca, S, Greuner, H, Gruber, O, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Guenter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Hangan, D, Happel, T, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Heinemann, B, Herrmann, A, Hobirk, J, Hoehnle, H, Hoelzl, M, Hopf, C, Houben, A, Igochine, V, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Jenko, F, Kantor, M, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Kasparek, W, Kaufmann, M, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Kocan, M, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Krieger, K, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Laux, M, Lazaros, A, Leipold, F, Leuterer, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Lohs, A, Lunt, T, Maier, H, Makkonen, T, Mank, K, Manso, M, Maraschek, M, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Mehlmann, F, Meister, H, Menchero, L, Meo, F, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Mertens, V, Merz, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neu, G, Neu, R, Neuwirth, D, Nocente, M, Nold, B, Noterdaeme, J, Pautasso, G, Pereverzev, G, Ploeckl, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Poli, E, Polozhiy, K, Potzel, S, Pueschel, M, Puetterich, T, Rathgeber, S, Raupp, G, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rohde, V, Rooij, G, Roth, J, Rott, M, Ryter, F, Salewski, M, Santos, J, Sauter, P, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schneider, P, Schneider, W, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sempf, M, Sertoli, M, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Stober, J, Streibl, B, Strumberger, E, Sugiyama, K, Suttrop, W, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Teschke, M, Tichmann, C, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Varela, P, Veres, G, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wagner, D, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wolfrum, E, Wuersching, E, Yu, Q, Zammuto, I, Zasche, D, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, Y, Zilker, M, Zohm, H, McCarthy, P, McDermott, R, Zohm, H., and NOCENTE, MASSIMO

Abstract

The medium size divertor tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (major and minor radii 1.65 m and 0.5 m, respectively, magnetic-field strength 2.5 T) possesses flexible shaping and versatile heating and current drive systems. Recently the technical capabilities were extended by increasing the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power, by installing 2 × 8 internal magnetic perturbation coils, and by improving the ion cyclotron range of frequency compatibility with the tungsten wall. With the perturbation coils, reliable suppression of large type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) could be demonstrated in a wide operational window, which opens up above a critical plasma pedestal density. The pellet fuelling efficiency was observed to increase which gives access to H-mode discharges with peaked density profiles at line densities clearly exceeding the empirical Greenwald limit. Owing to the increased ECRH power of 4 MW, H-mode discharges could be studied in regimes with dominant electron heating and low plasma rotation velocities, i.e. under conditions particularly relevant for ITER. The ion-pressure gradient and the neoclassical radial electric field emerge as key parameters for the transition. Using the total simultaneously available heating power of 23 MW, high performance discharges have been carried out where feed-back controlled radiative cooling in the core and the divertor allowed the divertor peak power loads to be maintained below 5 MW m -2. Under attached divertor conditions, a multi-device scaling expression for the power-decay length was obtained which is independent of major radius and decreases with magnetic field resulting in a decay length of 1 mm for ITER. At higher densities and under partially detached conditions, however, a broadening of the decay length is observed. In discharges with density ramps up to the density limit, the divertor plasma shows a complex behaviour with a localized high-density region in the inner divertor before the outer divertor detaches.

Published
2013

16. First trial of spatial and temporal fractionations of the delivered dose using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Serduc, R, Braeuer-Krisch, E, Bouchet, A, Renaud, L, Brochard, T, Bravin, A, Laissue Jean, A, Le Duc, G, Serduc Raphael, Braeuer-Krisch Elke, Bouchet Audrey, Renaud Luc, Brochard Thierry, Bravin A, Laissue Jean Albert, Le Duc Geraldine, Serduc, R, Braeuer-Krisch, E, Bouchet, A, Renaud, L, Brochard, T, Bravin, A, Laissue Jean, A, Le Duc, G, Serduc Raphael, Braeuer-Krisch Elke, Bouchet Audrey, Renaud Luc, Brochard Thierry, Bravin A, Laissue Jean Albert, and Le Duc Geraldine

Abstract

The technical feasibility of temporal and spatial fractionations of the radiation dose has been evaluated using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy for brain tumors in rats. A significant increase in lifespan (216%, p < 0.0001) resulted when three fractions of microbeam irradiation were applied to the tumor through three different ports, orthogonal to each other, at 24 h intervals. However, there were no long-term survivors, and immunohistological studies revealed that 9 L tumors were not entirely ablated.

Published
2009

17. The radiotherapy clinical trials projects at the ESRF: Technical aspects

Author

Renier, M, Brochard, T, Nemoz, C, Requardt, H, Brauer, E, Esteve, F, Balosso, J, Suortti, P, Baruchel, J, Elleaume, H, Berruyer, G, Berkvens, P, Bravin, A, Renier M., Brochard Th., Nemoz C., Requardt H., Brauer E., Esteve F., Balosso J., Suortti P., Baruchel J., Elleaume H., Berruyer G., Berkvens P., Bravin A, Renier, M, Brochard, T, Nemoz, C, Requardt, H, Brauer, E, Esteve, F, Balosso, J, Suortti, P, Baruchel, J, Elleaume, H, Berruyer, G, Berkvens, P, Bravin, A, Renier M., Brochard Th., Nemoz C., Requardt H., Brauer E., Esteve F., Balosso J., Suortti P., Baruchel J., Elleaume H., Berruyer G., Berkvens P., and Bravin A

Abstract

The radiotherapy clinical trials projects, both aiming at treating aggressive brain tumors, require several major modifications and new constructions at the ESRF ID17 Biomedical beamline. The application of the Stereotactic Synchrotron Radiation Therapy (SSRT) technique mainly necessitates an upgrade of the existing patient positioning system, which was formerly used for the angiography program. It will allow for accurate positioning, translation and rotation of the patient during the treatment. For the Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) clinical trials project, a new white beam hutch will be constructed to accommodate a dedicated patient positioning system. Consequently, the existing control hutches and the related installations will also be completely refurbished. Furthermore, the foreseen installation of a second X-ray source, which will allow doubling the currently available photon flux at high energies, requires a redesign of most optical components to handle the increased power and power densities. Starting from the current ID17 Biomedical beamline layout, the paper will present an update of the different modification/construction projects, including the general organization and planning.

Published
2008

19. Synchrotron radiation computed tomography station at the ESRF biomedical beamline

Author

Nemoz, C, Bayat, S, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Coan, P, Le Duc, G, Keyrilainen, J, Monfraix, S, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Bravin, A, Tafforeau, P, Adam, J F, Biston, M C, Boudou, C, Charvet, A M, corde, s, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Joubert, A, Rousseau, J, Tropres, I, Fernandez, M, Porra, L, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Thomlinson, W, Nemoz, C, Bayat, S, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Coan, P, Le Duc, G, Keyrilainen, J, Monfraix, S, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Bravin, A, Tafforeau, P, Adam, J F, Biston, M C, Boudou, C, Charvet, A M, corde, s, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Joubert, A, Rousseau, J, Tropres, I, Fernandez, M, Porra, L, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, and Thomlinson, W

Abstract

The different tomography imaging modalities of the ESRF Medical Beamline are described and research applications are presented

Published
2007

20. New irradiation geometry for microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Brauer-Krish, E, Requardt, H, Regnard, P, corde, s, Siegbahn, E, LeDuc, G, Brochard, T, Blattmann, H, Laissue, J, Bravin, A, Brauer-Krish, E, Requardt, H, Regnard, P, corde, s, Siegbahn, E, LeDuc, G, Brochard, T, Blattmann, H, Laissue, J, and Bravin, A

Abstract

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) has the potential to treat infantile brain tumours when other kinds of radiotherapy would be excessively toxic to the developing normal brain. MRT uses extraordinarily high doses of x-rays but provides unusual resistance to radioneurotoxicity, presumably from the migration of endothelial cells from 'valleys' into 'peaks', i.e., into directly irradiated microslices of tissues. We present a novel irradiation geometry which results in a tolerable valley dose for the normal tissue and a decreased peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) in the tumour area by applying an innovative cross-firing technique. We propose anMRT technique to orthogonally crossfire two arrays of parallel, nonintersecting, mutually interspersed microbeams that produces tumouricidal doses with small PVDRs where the arrays meet and tolerable radiation doses to normal tissues between the microbeams proximal and distal to the tumour in the paths of the arrays.

Published
2005

21. Lack of cell death enhancement after irradiation by monochromatic synchrotron X rays at the K-Shell edge of platinum incorporated in living SQ20B human cells as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)

Author

Corde, S, Biston, M C, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Charvet, A M, Joubert, A, Ducros, V, Bohic, S, Simionovici, A, Brochard, T, Nemoz, C, Renier, M, Tropres, I, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Thomlinson, W, Le Bas, J F, Balosso, J, Corde, S, Biston, M C, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Charvet, A M, Joubert, A, Ducros, V, Bohic, S, Simionovici, A, Brochard, T, Nemoz, C, Renier, M, Tropres, I, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Thomlinson, W, Le Bas, J F, and Balosso, J

Abstract

In this paper we describe the results of experiments using synchrotron radiation to trigger the Auger effect in living human cancer cells treated with a widely used chemotherapy drug: cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin). The experiments were carried out at the ID17 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, which produces a high-fluence monochromatic beam that is adjustable from 20 to 80 keV. Cisplatin was chosen as the carrier of platinum atoms in the cells because of its alkylating-like activity and the irradiation was done with monochromatic beams above and below the platinum K-shell edge (78.39 keV). Cell survival curves were comparable with those obtained for the same cells under conventional irradiation conditions. At a low dose of cisplatin (0.1 mM, 48 h), no difference was seen in survival when the cells were irradiated above and below the K-shell edge of platinum. Higher cisplatin concentrations were investigated to enhance the cellular platinum content. The results with 1 mM cisplatin for 12 h showed no difference when the cells were irradiated with beams above or below the platinum K-shell edge with the exception of the higher cell death resulting from drug toxicity. The intracellular content of platinum was significant, as measured macroscopically by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Its subcellular localization and particularly its presence in the cell nucleus were verified by microscopic synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. This was the first known attempt at K-shell edge photon activation of stable platinum in living cells with a platinum complex used for chemotherapy. Its evident toxicity in these cells leads us to put forth the hypothesis that cisplatin toxicity can mask the enhancement of cell death induced by the irradiation above the K-shell edge. However, K-shell edge photon activation of stable elements provides a powerful technique for the understanding of the biological effects of Auger processes. Further avenues

Published
2002

22. Feasibility of synchrotron radiation computed tomography on rats bearing glioma after iodine or gadolinium injection

Author

Le Duc, G, Corde, S, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Charvet, A-M, Brochard, T, Fiedler, S, Collomb, A, Le Bas, J-F, Le Duc, G, Corde, S, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Charvet, A-M, Brochard, T, Fiedler, S, Collomb, A, and Le Bas, J-F

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a new imaging technique called synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). This technique leads to a direct assessment of the in vivo concentration of an iodine- or gadolinium-labeled compound. Rats bearing C6 glioma were imaged by MRI prior to the SRCT experiment. The SRCT experiments were performed after a 1.3 g I/kg (n = 5) or a 0.4 g Gd/kg (n = 5) injection. Finally, brains were sampled for histology. The SRCT images exhibited contrast enhancement at the tumor location. Ten minutes after injection, iodine and gadolinium tissular concentrations were equal to 0.80 ( +/- 0.40) mg/cm3 and 0.50 ( +/- 0.10) mg/cm3, respectively in the peripheral area of the tumor (respective background value: 0.20 +/- 0.02 to 0.10 +/- 0.01). Correlation to MRI and histology revealed that the contrast uptake occurred in the most vascularized area of the tumor. The present study summarizes the feasibility of in vivo SRCT to obtain quantitative information about iodine and gadolinium-labeled compounds. Beyond brain tumor pathology, the SRCT appears as a complementary approach to MRI and CT, for studying iodine- and gadolinium-labeled compounds by the direct achievement of the tissular concentration value in the tissue.

Published
2000

23. Plasma Volume and Permeability Coefficient measurements in the C6 glioma model using Synchrotron Radiation CT coupled to injection of P743, Xenetix and Iomeron

Author

Duc, G. Le, primary, Troprès, I., additional, Billet, R., additional, Bouvier, S., additional, Joubert, A., additional, Dallery, D., additional, Brochard, T., additional, Nemoz, C., additional, Santus, R., additional, Sanden, B. Van Der, additional, Robert, P., additional, and Thomlinson, W.C., additional

Published
2005
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24. Lack of Cell Death Enhancement after Irradiation with Monochromatic Synchrotron X Rays at the K-Shell Edge of Platinum Incorporated in Living SQ20B Human Cells ascis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II)

Author

Corde, S., primary, Biston, M. C., additional, Elleaume, H., additional, Estève, F., additional, Charvet, A. M., additional, Joubert, A., additional, Ducros, V., additional, Bohic, S., additional, Simionovici, A., additional, Brochard, T., additional, Nemoz, C., additional, Renier, M., additional, Troprès, I., additional, Fiedler, S., additional, Bravin, A., additional, Thomlinson, W., additional, Le Bas, J. F., additional, and Balosso, J., additional

Published
2002
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25. First trial of spatial and temporal fractionations of the delivered dose using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Elke Bräuer-Krisch, Luc Renaud, Thierry Brochard, Géraldine Le Duc, Alberto Bravin, Raphaël Serduc, Audrey Bouchet, Jean A. Laissue, Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Metabolique, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Serduc, R, Braeuer-Krisch, E, Bouchet, A, Renaud, L, Brochard, T, Bravin, A, Laissue Jean, A, and Le Duc, G

Subjects
Male, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Gliosarcoma, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Microbeam radiation therapy, law, Animals, Instrumentation, Radiation, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Radiochemistry, Radiation dose, Radiotherapy Dosage, Microbeam irradiation, equipment and supplies, Rats, Inbred F344, Synchrotron, Rats, 3. Good health, Brain tumor, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, brain tumors, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy, Nuclear medicine, business, Synchrotrons, temporal fractionation
Abstract

International audience; The technical feasibility of temporal and spatial fractionations of the radiation dose has been evaluated using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy for brain tumors in rats. A significant increase in lifespan (216%, p < 0.0001) resulted when three fractions of microbeam irradiation were applied to the tumor through three different ports, orthogonal to each other, at 24 h intervals. However, there were no long-term survivors, and immunohistological studies revealed that 9 L tumors were not entirely ablated.

Published
2009

26. Fixed-exit monochromator for computed tomography with synchrotron radiation at energies 18–90 keV

Author

Hélène Elleaume, M. Mattenet, Alberto Bravin, William Thomlinson, Pekka Suortti, P. Spanne, A.C. Thompson, Thierry Brochard, Stefan Fiedler, A. M. Charvet, Michel Renier, C. Schulze-Briese, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, Bravin, A, Brochard, T, Mattenet, M, Renier, M, Spanne, P, Thomlinson, W, Charvet, A, Elleaume, H, Schulze-Briese, C, and Thompson, A

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, business.industry, Wiggler, X-ray imaging, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), X-ray optics, Synchrotron radiation, computed tomography, monochromator, law.invention, Optics, Beamline, law, Goniometer, Physics::Accelerator Physics, X-ray optic, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Beam (structure), Monochromator
Abstract

A fixed-exit monochromator has been constructed for computed tomography (CT) studies at the Medical Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A non-dispersive pair of bent Laue-type crystals is used, and the first crystal is water-cooled. The monochromator operates at energies from 18 to 90 keV, and the maximum width of the beam is 150 mm. The performance of the monochromator is studied with respect to the beam intensity and energy distributions, and a close agreement is found between the calculated and experimental results. The intensity is between 10(9) and 10(10) photons s(-1) mm(-2) under typical operating conditions. The harmonic content of a 25 keV beam is about 30% at the minimum wiggler gap of 25 mm (field 1.57 T) and decreases by an order of magnitude when the gap is increased to 60 mm (field 0.62 T). The experimental set-up for CT studies includes dose monitors, goniometers and translation stages for positioning and scanning the object, and a 432-element linear-array Ge detector. Examples from phantom studies and in vivo animal experiments are shown to illustrate the spatial resolution and contrast of the reconstructed images.

Published
2000

27. Potential High Resolution Dosimeters For MRT

Author

E. Bräuer-Krisch, A. Rosenfeld, M. Lerch, M. Petasecca, M. Akselrod, J. Sykora, J. Bartz, M. Ptaszkiewicz, P. Olko, A. Berg, M. Wieland, S. Doran, T. Brochard, A. Kamlowski, G. Cellere, A. Paccagnella, E. A. Siegbahn, Y. Prezado, I. Martinez-Rovira, A. Bravin, L. Dusseau, P. Berkvens, Karen K. W. Siu, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie (MBI), Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FVB) (FVB)-Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CERN [Genève], Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC (UMR_8165)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radiations et composants (RADIAC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.-Leibniz Gemeinschaft, K.K.W. Siu, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Rosenfeld, A, Lerch, M, Petasecca, M, Akselrod, M, Sykora, J, Bartz, J, Ptaszkiewicz, M, Olko, P, Berg, A, Wieland, M, Doran, S, Brochard, T, Kamlowski, A, Cellere, G, Paccagnella, A, Siegbahn, E, Prezado, Y, Martinez-Rovira, I, Bravin, A, Dusseau, L, and Berkvens, P

Subjects
Gafchromic® film, Radiation Therapy, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Synchrotron radiation, Dose profile, Microdosimetry, Particle detector, Collimated light, law.invention, Synchrotron Radiation, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, law, Dosimetry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Dosimeter, mrt, business.industry, Microbeam, Flash memory, Synchrotron, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, business
Abstract

Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) uses highly collimated, quasi-parallel arrays of X-ray microbeams of 50-600 keV, produced by 2nd and 3rd generation synchrotron sources, such as the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) in the U.S., and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in France, respectively. High dose rates are necessary to deliver therapeutic doses in microscopic volumes, to avoid spreading of the microbeams by cardiosynchronous movement of the tissues. A small beam divergence and a filtered white beam spectrum in the energy range between 30 and 250 keV results in the advantage of steep dose gradients with a sharper penumbra than that produced in conventional radiotherapy. MRT research over the past 20 years has allowed a vast number of results from preclinical trials on different animal models, including mice, rats, piglets and rabbits. Microbeams in the range between 10 and 100 micron width show an unprecedented sparing of normal radiosensitive tissues as well as preferential damage to malignant tumor tissues. Typically, MRT uses arrays of narrow ({approx}25-100 micron-wide) microplanar beams separated by wider (100-400 microns centre-to-centre, c-t-c) microplanar spaces. We note that thicker microbeams of 0.1-0.68 mm used by investigators at the NSLS are still called microbeams, although some invesigators inmore » the community prefer to call them minibeams. This report, however, limits it discussion to 25-100 {mu}m microbeams. Peak entrance doses of several hundreds of Gy are surprisingly well tolerated by normal tissues. High resolution dosimetry has been developed over the last two decades, but typical dose ranges are adapted to dose delivery in conventional Radiation Therapy (RT). Spatial resolution in the sub-millimetric range has been achieved, which is currently required for quality assurance measurements in Gamma-knife RT. Most typical commercially available detectors are not suitable for MRT applications at a dose rate of 16000 Gy/s, micron resolution and a dose range over several orders of magnitude. This paper will give an overview of all dosimeters tested in the past at the ESRF with their advantages and drawbacks. These detectors comprise: Ionization chambers, Alanine Dosimeters, MOSFET detectors, Gafchromic registered films, Radiochromic polymers, TLDs, Polymer gels, Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C, Mg single crystal detectors), OSL detectors and Floating Gate-based dosimetry system. The aim of such a comparison shall help with a decision on which of these approaches is most suitable for high resolution dose measurements in MRT. The principle of these detectors will be presented including a comparison for some dosimeters exposed with the same irradiation geometry, namely a 1x1 cm{sup 5} field size with microbeam exposures at the surface, 0.1 cm and 1 cm in depth of a PMMA phantom. For these test exposures, the most relevant irradiation parameters for future clinical trials have been chosen: 50 micron FWHM and 400 micron c-t-c distance. The experimental data are compared with Monte Carlo calculations.« less

Published
2010

28. Synchrotron radiation computed tomography station at the ESRF biomedical beamline

Author

William Thomlinson, Paul Tafforeau, Thierry Brochard, I. Tropres, H. Elleaume, Jean-François Adam, Herwig Requardt, Christian Nemoz, S. Monfraix, G. Le Duc, Alberto Bravin, Pekka Suortti, François Estève, Sam Bayat, Jani Keyriläinen, G. Berruyer, Marie-Claude Biston, Julia Rousseau, Stéphanie Corde, Manuel Fernández, Liisa Porra, S. Fiedler, Aurélie Joubert, A. M. Charvet, Paola Coan, Michel Renier, Caroline Boudou, Choi, JY, Rah, S, Nemoz, C, Bayat, S, Berruyer, G, Brochard, T, Coan, P, Le Duc, G, Keyrilainen, J, Monfraix, S, Renier, M, Requardt, H, Bravin, A, Tafforeau, P, Adam, J, Biston, M, Boudou, C, Charvet, A, Corde, S, Elleaume, H, Esteve, F, Joubert, A, Rousseau, J, Tropres, I, Fernandez, M, Porra, L, Suortti, P, Fiedler, S, and Thomlinson, W

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Synchrotron radiation, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Image processing, Computed tomography, Biomedical equipment, urologic and male genital diseases, law.invention, Imaging modalities, Imaging, Optics, law, Medical, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Medical physics, Tomography, Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Synchrotron, Beamline, business, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

The different tomography imaging modalities of the ESRF Medical Beamline are described and research applications are presented.

Published
2007

29. A new gas attenuator system for the ID17 biomedical beamline at the ESRF

Author

Pekka Suortti, Herwig Requardt, Alberto Bravin, Th. Brochard, Elke Bräuer-Krisch, Michel Renier, Requardt, H, Renier, M, Brochard, T, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Bravin, A, Suortti, P, Department of Physics, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

Subjects
Radiotherapy, Synchrotron radiation, History, Materials science, Wiggler, 030303 biophysics, Solid-state, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), High heat load, 114 Physical sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Microbeam radiation therapy, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Attenuator (electronics), 0303 health sciences, gas filter, MRT, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Clinical application, Computer Science Applications, Microbeam Radiation Therapy, Beamline, Beam lines, Dose rate, X ray beam, Fatigue damage, business, High heat
Abstract

International audience; On the biomedical beamline ID17 at the ESRF a gas attenuator system has been installed to complement and protect the standard solid state attenuators (graphite, Al and Cu) against fatigue and damage due to the very high heat load from the beamline's wiggler source. This series of attenuators defines the flux (dose rate) and the X-ray beam spectrum for the Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) research at ID17 which is currently under development towards clinical application. For this, the attenuators at MRT will be crucial elements to guarantee beam-and dose rate characteristics and the new gas attenuator will become a radiation therapy safety device. The installed gas attenuator and its test results will be presented

Published
2013

30. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

Kallenbach, A., Aguiam, D., Aho-Mantila, L., Angioni, C., Arden, N., Parra, R. Arredondo, Asunta, O., Baar, M., Balden, M., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Bogomolov, A., Bolzonella, T., Boswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Cambon-Silva, D., Camenen, Y., Carvalho, P., Carrasco, G., Cazzaniga, C., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I., Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D Arcangelo, O., Day, C., Delogu, R., Marne, P., Denk, S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., D Inca, R., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Felici, F., Fietz, S., Figueredo, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Funfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Cianfarani, C., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloggler, S., Gobbin, M., Gorler, T., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Grater, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Gunter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Hatch, D., Hauer, V., Hayward, T., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Holzl, M., Hoschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hoppe, F., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V., Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquot, J., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kasemann, C., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kimmig, S., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H. -J, Koch, F., Kocsis, G., Kohn, A., Kraus, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kramer-Flecken, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Lebschy, A., Li, L., Li, M., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N. C., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, J., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M. -E, Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin Oberkofler, Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mayer, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcdermott, R., Meisl, G., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, H., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Milanesio, D., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nazikian, R., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Noterdaeme, J. -M, Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Papp, G., Perez, I. Paradela, Pautasso, G., Enzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plaum, B., Plockl, B., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Putterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J., Raupp, G., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, G., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stobbe, F., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sugiyama, K., Sun, H. -J, Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Terranova, D., Tierens, W., Told, D., Tudisco, O., Trevisan, G., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Varela, P., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vezinet, D., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weidl, M., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zarzoso, D., Zhang, W., Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., Team, Asdex Upgrade, Team, Eurofusion Mst, Institute of Forest Botany, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institute of Applied Physics (IFA - CSIC), GRIDSEN, IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut für Geophysik [Clausthal-Zellerfeld], Technische Universität Clausthal (TU Clausthal), Association EURATOM-ÖAW, University of Innsbruck, Institut für Plasmaforschung [Stuttgart] (IPF), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR (IPP PRAGUE), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN (DF_TORINO), Dipartimento di Fisica infi & Università di Torino, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for World Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Sygen International Plc, Genus Plc, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik [Kiel] (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Experimental Medical Science, AUTRES, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, affiliation inconnue, Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dept of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] (DB CSE UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, F. Hoffmann-La RocheAG, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institute of Applied Physics ( IFA - CSIC ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Laboratoire de Science et Génie des Matériaux et de Métallurgie ( LSG2M ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine ( INPL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institut fur Geophysical, IPF, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR ( IPP PRAGUE ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] ( UMASS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN ( DF_TORINO ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux ( LSPM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes ( IBMP ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IEAP, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ( CAU ), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), J. W. Goethe-University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand ( LPC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), university college cork, University College Cork ( UCC ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] ( DB CSE UCSD ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), Aguiam, D, Aho-Mantila, L, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Asunta, O, Debaar, M, Balden, M, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Beurskens, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bogomolov, A, Bolzonella, T, Boeswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van den Brand, H, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Cambon-Silva, D, Camenen, Y, Carvalho, P, Carrasco, G, Cazzaniga, C, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Casali, L, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, D'Arcangelo, O, Day, C, Delogu, R, de Marne, P, Denk, S, Denner, P, Dibon, M, D'Inca, R, Disiena, A, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Freethy, S, Froeschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Fuenfgelder, H, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Cianfarani, C, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason-Gonzalez, C, Gloeggler, S, Gobbin, M, Goerler, T, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gradic, D, Graeter, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guenter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Hatch, D, Hauer, V, Hayward, T, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hoeschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, F, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Jacquot, J, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasilov, S, Kernbichler, W, Kim, D, Kimmig, S, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Koch, F, Kocsis, G, Koehn, A, Kraus, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kraemr-Flecken, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazanyi, N, Lazaros, A, Lebschy, A, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, Y, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Martens, C, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Mayer, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meisl, G, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Meyer, O, Miettunen, J, Milanesio, D, Mink, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moon, C, Nazikian, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Pautasso, G, Enzel, F, Petersson, P, Pinzon, J, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plaum, B, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Prisiazhniuk, D, Puetterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, G, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shao, L, Sharapov, S, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stobbe, F, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suarez, G, Sugiyama, K, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Tierens, W, Told, D, Tudisco, O, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Verdoolaege, G, Vezinet, D, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, N, Wang, X, Weidl, M, Weil, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Xiang, L, Yang, Q, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D, Zhang, W, van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Institute of Atomic Physics, Université de Roumanie, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), FOM Institute DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, The Netherlands, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), University College Cork (UCC), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (KFKI-RMKI), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Univ California San Diego] (MAE - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), General Atomics [San Diego], Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), York Plasma Institute ( YPI ), Culham Science Centre, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, IST, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Max Planck Society, Department of Applied Physics, TEC, JET EFDA, Culham Sci Ctr, Technische Universität München, Consorzio RFX, IRFM, Assoc EURATOM FZJ, Euratom, Julich Research Center, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, University of Lorraine, ENEA, Istituto Fisica del Plasma 'Piero Caldirola' (IFP-CNR), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Innsbruck Medical University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Swedish Research Council (VR), General Atomics & Affiliated Companies, University of Sevilla, University of Texas at Austin, Max Planck Comp & Data Facil, Ecole Polytechnique, Hochschule der Medien, Technical University of Denmark, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, School services, SCI, LPP-ERM/KMS EURATOM Association, Vienna University of Technology, Assoc EURATOM Hellen Republ, NCSR Demokritos, IPP, York University, CCFE Fusion Assoc, BSC, Univ Coll Cork UCC, Princeton University, Ghent University, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Natl Astron Observ, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Univ Aix Marseille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille, Universite de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, UMR 6098, CNRS, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, White, Anne E., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arslanbekov, R, Atanasiu, C, Becker, G, Becker, W, Behringer, K, Bolshukhin, D, Borrass, K, Brambilla, M, Braun, F, Carlson, A, Egorov, S, Fahrbach, H, Finken, K, Foley, M, Franzen, P, Gafert, J, Fournier, K, Gantenbein, G, Gehre, O, Geier, A, Gernhardt, J, Gruber, O, Gunter, S, Hartmann, D, Heger, B, Hofmeister, F, Hohenocker, H, Horton, L, Jacchia, A, Jakobi, M, Kaufmann, M, Keller, A, Kendl, A, Kim, J, Kirov, K, Kochergov, R, Kollotzek, H, Kraus, W, Lasnier, C, Laux, M, Leonard, A, Leuterer, F, Lorenz, A, Lorenzini, R, Maggi, C, Mank, K, Martines, E, Mast, K, Meisel, D, Meo, F, Merkl, D, Muck, A, Muller, H, Munich, M, Murmann, H, Na, Y, Neuhauser, J, Nguyen, F, Nishijima, D, Nishimura, Y, Nunes, I, Peeters, A, Pereverzev, G, Pinches, S, Proschek, M, Pugno, R, Quigley, E, Roth, J, Sandmann, W, Savtchkov, A, Schade, S, Schilling, H, Schneider, W, Schramm, G, Schwarz, E, Schweizer, S, Seidel, U, Serra, F, Sesnic, S, Sihler, C, Sips, A, Speth, E, Stabler, A, Steuer, K, Streibl, B, Tabasso, A, Tanga, A, Tichmann, C, Troppmann, M, Urano, H, Vollmer, O, Wenzel, U, Wesner, F, Westerhof, E, Wursching, E, Yoon, S, Zasche, D, Zehrfeld, H, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Belonohy, E, Boom, J, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Casson, F, Curran, D, da Silva, F, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Gal, K, Munoz, M, da Graca, S, Hangan, D, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Hoehnle, H, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Kasparek, W, Kocan, M, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Leipold, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Makkonen, T, Mehlmann, F, Menchero, L, Merz, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neuwirth, D, Nold, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Polozhiy, K, Pueschel, M, Rathgeber, S, Rooij, G, Sauter, P, Sempf, M, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Teschke, M, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Veres, G, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Wuersching, E, Zhang, Y, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Max Planck IPP-EURATOM Assoziation, Universidade de Lisboa, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Technical University of Munich, IRFM-CEA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Université de Lorraine, and École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Energies [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Electron cyclotron resonance, H-MODE DISCHARGES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ASDEX Upgrade, overview, ASDEX Upgrade, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Fusió nuclear, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 010306 general physics, tokamak, DEMO, tokamak physic, Fusion reactions, nuclear fusion, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, ___, Plasma parameter, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, tokamak physics
Abstract

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of I p = 0.8 MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen E N ⩾ 10 have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.

31. The Extremely Brilliant Source storage ring of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

Author

Raimondi P, Benabderrahmane C, Berkvens P, Biasci JC, Borowiec P, Bouteille JF, Brochard T, Brookes NB, Carmignani N, Carver LR, Chaize JM, Chavanne J, Checchia S, Chushkin Y, Cianciosi F, Di Michiel M, Dimper R, D'Elia A, Einfeld D, Ewald F, Farvacque L, Goirand L, Hardy L, Jacob J, Jolly L, Krisch M, Le Bec G, Leconte I, Liuzzo SM, Maccarrone C, Marchial T, Martin D, Mezouar M, Nevo C, Perron T, Plouviez E, Reichert H, Renaud P, Revol JL, Roche B, Scheidt KB, Serriere V, Sette F, Susini J, Torino L, Versteegen R, White S, and Zontone F

Abstract

The Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) is the experimental implementation of the novel Hybrid Multi Bend Achromat (HMBA) storage ring magnetic lattice concept, which has been realised at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We present its successful commissioning and first operation. We highlight the strengths of the HMBA design and compare them to the previous designs, on which most operational synchrotron X-ray sources are based. We report on the EBS storage ring's significantly improved horizontal electron beam emittance and other key beam parameters. EBS extends the reach of synchrotron X-ray science confirming the HMBA concept for future facility upgrades and new constructions., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Published
2023
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32. Thermal optimization of a high-heat-load double-multilayer monochromator.

Author

Brumund P, Reyes-Herrera J, Morawe C, Dufrane T, Isern H, Brochard T, Sánchez Del Río M, and Detlefs C

Abstract

Finite-element analysis is used to study the thermal deformation of a multilayer mirror due to the heat load from the undulator beam at a low-emittance synchrotron source, specifically the ESRF-EBS upgrade beamline EBSL-2. The energy bandwidth of the double-multilayer monochromator is larger than that of the relevant undulator harmonic, such that a considerable portion of the heat load is reflected. Consequently, the absorbed power is non-uniformly distributed on the surface. The geometry of the multilayer substrate is optimized to minimize thermally induced slope errors. We distinguish between thermal bending with constant curvature that leads to astigmatic focusing or defocusing and residual slope errors. For the EBSL-2 system with grazing angles θ between 0.2 and 0.4°, meridional and sagittal focal lengths down to 100 m and 2000 m, respectively, are found. Whereas the thermal bending can be tuned by varying the depth of the `smart cut', it is found that the geometry has little effect on the residual slope errors. In both planes they are 0.1-0.25 µrad. In the sagittal direction, however, the effect on the beam is drastically reduced by the `foregiveness factor', sin(θ). Optimization without considering the reflected heat load yields an incorrect depth of the `smart cut'. The resulting meridional curvature in turn leads to parasitic focal lengths of the order of 100 m.

Published
2021
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33. In vivo pink-beam imaging and fast alignment procedure for rat brain tumor radiation therapy.

Author

Nemoz C, Kibleur A, Hyacinthe JN, Berruyer G, Brochard T, Bräuer-Krisch E, Le Duc G, Brun E, Elleaume H, and Serduc R

Subjects
Animals, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Brain Neoplasms radiotherapy
Abstract

A fast positioning method for brain tumor microbeam irradiations for preclinical studies at third-generation X-ray sources is described. The three-dimensional alignment of the animals relative to the X-ray beam was based on the X-ray tomography multi-slices after iodine infusion. This method used pink-beam imaging produced by the ID17 wiggler. A graphical user interface has been developed in order to define the irradiation parameters: field width, height, number of angles and X-ray dose. This study is the first reporting an image guided method for soft tissue synchrotron radiotherapy. It allowed microbeam radiation therapy irradiation fields to be reduced by a factor of ∼20 compared with previous studies. It permitted more targeted, more efficient brain tumor microbeam treatments and reduces normal brain toxicity of the radiation treatment.

Published
2016
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34. In vivo pink-beam imaging and fast alignment procedure for rat brain lesion microbeam radiation therapy.

Author

Serduc R, Berruyer G, Brochard T, Renier M, and Nemoz C

Subjects
Animals, Brain anatomy & histology, Calibration, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiosurgery, Rats, User-Computer Interface, Brain radiation effects
Abstract

A fast 50 microm-accuracy alignment procedure has been developed for the radiosurgery of brain lesions in rats, using microbeam radiation therapy. In vivo imaging was performed using the pink beam (35-60 keV) produced by the ID17 wiggler at the ESRF opened at 120 mm and filtered. A graphical user interface has been developed in order to define the irradiation field size and to position the target with respect to the skull structures observed in X-ray images. The method proposed here allows tremendous time saving by skipping the swap from white beam to monochromatic beam and vice versa. To validate the concept, the somatosensory cortex or thalamus of GAERS rats were irradiated under several ports using this alignment procedure. The magnetic resonance images acquired after contrast agent injection showed that the irradiations were selectively performed in these two expected brain regions. Image-guided microbeam irradiations have therefore been realised for the first time ever, and, thanks to this new development, the ID17 biomedical beamline provides a major tool allowing brain radiosurgery trials on animal patients.

Published
2010
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35. High-precision radiosurgical dose delivery by interlaced microbeam arrays of high-flux low-energy synchrotron X-rays.

Author

Serduc R, Bräuer-Krisch E, Siegbahn EA, Bouchet A, Pouyatos B, Carron R, Pannetier N, Renaud L, Berruyer G, Nemoz C, Brochard T, Rémy C, Barbier EL, Bravin A, Le Duc G, Depaulis A, Estève F, and Laissue JA

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal radiation effects, Brain metabolism, Brain pathology, Brain radiation effects, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Monte Carlo Method, Rats, Time Factors, X-Rays, Radiation Dosage, Radiosurgery methods, Synchrotrons
Abstract

Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a preclinical form of radiosurgery dedicated to brain tumor treatment. It uses micrometer-wide synchrotron-generated X-ray beams on the basis of spatial beam fractionation. Due to the radioresistance of normal brain vasculature to MRT, a continuous blood supply can be maintained which would in part explain the surprising tolerance of normal tissues to very high radiation doses (hundreds of Gy). Based on this well described normal tissue sparing effect of microplanar beams, we developed a new irradiation geometry which allows the delivery of a high uniform dose deposition at a given brain target whereas surrounding normal tissues are irradiated by well tolerated parallel microbeams only. Normal rat brains were exposed to 4 focally interlaced arrays of 10 microplanar beams (52 microm wide, spaced 200 microm on-center, 50 to 350 keV in energy range), targeted from 4 different ports, with a peak entrance dose of 200Gy each, to deliver an homogenous dose to a target volume of 7 mm(3) in the caudate nucleus. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of rats showed a highly localized increase in blood vessel permeability, starting 1 week after irradiation. Contrast agent diffusion was confined to the target volume and was still observed 1 month after irradiation, along with histopathological changes, including damaged blood vessels. No changes in vessel permeability were detected in the normal brain tissue surrounding the target. The interlacing radiation-induced reduction of spontaneous seizures of epileptic rats illustrated the potential pre-clinical applications of this new irradiation geometry. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations performed on a human-sized head phantom suggested that synchrotron photons can be used for human radiosurgical applications. Our data show that interlaced microbeam irradiation allows a high homogeneous dose deposition in a brain target and leads to a confined tissue necrosis while sparing surrounding tissues. The use of synchrotron-generated X-rays enables delivery of high doses for destruction of small focal regions in human brains, with sharper dose fall-offs than those described in any other conventional radiation therapy.

Published
2010
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36. First trial of spatial and temporal fractionations of the delivered dose using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy.

Author

Serduc R, Bräuer-Krisch E, Bouchet A, Renaud L, Brochard T, Bravin A, Laissue JA, and Le Duc G

Subjects
Animals, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Brain Neoplasms radiotherapy, Gliosarcoma radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Synchrotrons
Abstract

The technical feasibility of temporal and spatial fractionations of the radiation dose has been evaluated using synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy for brain tumors in rats. A significant increase in lifespan (216%, p < 0.0001) resulted when three fractions of microbeam irradiation were applied to the tumor through three different ports, orthogonal to each other, at 24 h intervals. However, there were no long-term survivors, and immunohistological studies revealed that 9 L tumors were not entirely ablated.

Published
2009
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37. Comparison of synchrotron radiation angiography with conventional angiography for the diagnosis of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Author

Bertrand B, Estève F, Elleaume H, Nemoz C, Fiedler S, Bravin A, Berruyer G, Brochard T, Renier M, Machecourt J, Thomlinson W, and Le Bas JF

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary methods, Coronary Stenosis therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Coronary Angiography methods, Coronary Restenosis diagnostic imaging, Stents, Synchrotrons standards
Abstract

Aims: Synchrotron radiation angiography (SRA) is a novel tool for minimally invasive coronary artery imaging. The method uses subtraction of two images produced at energies bracketing the iodine K-edge after intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast agent. We investigated the accuracy of SRA for detecting in-stent restenosis (ISR)., Methods and Results: We recruited 57 men, 4-6 months after successful PTCA. We visualized the right coronary artery (RCA) in 27 patients with 36 stented segments [12 segments with ISR>50% by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)], and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 30 patients with 37 stented segments (10 ISR). SRA and QCA were performed within 2 days of each other. Two experienced observers unaware of QCA data evaluated the SRA results. Image quality was good or excellent in most patients. Global sensitivity was 64%, specificity was 95%, and positive and negative predictive values were approximately 85%. Inter-observer kappa concordance coefficient was 0.86. False negatives involved short eccentric lesions and superimposed segments, most frequently of the LAD. False positives occurred in intermediate stenoses slightly overestimated by SRA., Conclusion: In men, this minimally invasive approach, using small radiation doses, detects significant ISR in the RCA, but the LAD poses difficulties because of superimposition with others structures.

Published
2005
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38. Synchrotron photoactivation of cisplatin elicits an extra number of DNA breaks that stimulate RAD51-mediated repair pathways.

Author

Corde S, Balosso J, Elleaume H, Renier M, Joubert A, Biston MC, Adam JF, Charvet AM, Brochard T, Le Bas JF, Estève F, and Foray N

Subjects
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, BRCA1 Protein physiology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Cisplatin pharmacology, DNA Adducts, DNA-Activated Protein Kinase, Electrons, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Enzyme Activation, Feasibility Studies, Female, Gene Deletion, Genes, BRCA1, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Models, Biological, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Neoplasm Proteins physiology, Nuclear Proteins, Photochemistry, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl metabolism, Rad51 Recombinase, Cisplatin radiation effects, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins physiology, Synchrotrons
Abstract

Combination of cis-platinum with ionizing radiation is one of the most promising anticancer treatments that appears to be more efficient than radiotherapy alone. Unlike conventional X-ray emitters, accelerators of high energy particles like synchrotrons display powerful and monochromatizable radiation that makes the induction of an Auger electron cascade in cis-platinum molecules [also called photoactivation of cis-platinum (PAT-Plat)] theoretically possible. Here, we examined the molecular consequences of one of the first attempts of synchrotron PAT-Plat, performed at the European Synchrotron Research Facility (Grenoble-France). PAT-Plat was found to result in an extra number of slowly repairable DNA double-strand breaks, inhibition of DNA-protein kinase activity, dramatic nuclear relocalization of RAD51, hyperphosphorylation of the BRCA1 protein, and activation of proto-oncogenic c-Abl tyrosine kinase.

Published
2003

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