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Hepatoblastoma (HBL) stands as the primary liver tumor most frequently encountered in children, typically identified within the initial 5 years of life. Cases involving patients older than 5 years are very rare. We report the case of a 4-year-old male child who presented to the emergency department with acute onset abdominal pain and fever. Clinical examination revealed significant abdominal distension, correlated with an abdominal mass later confirmed., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Lymphangiomas are rare benign neoplasms traditionally thought to result from congenital lymphatic channel malformations, though they may also be associated with other conditions. Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas account for 1% of all lymphangiomas, and fewer than 200 cases have been reported. A 42-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of abdominal pain and distension. A computerized tomography (CT) scan showed an abdomino-pelvic mass and a giant uterine myoma. The patient underwent explorative laparotomy and the whole cyst mass was removed along with the uterine myoma. Cystic lymphangiomas are often misdiagnosed because of the vague symptoms and the absence of obvious etiology. A provisional diagnosis can be made with CT but histological examination confirms the diagnosis. Cystic lymphangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of an ovarian cystic mass. Complete resection can be curative., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Craniocervical junction infections are considered a rare condition and can be associated with degradation of the odontoid ligaments and, the risk of a subsequent atlantoaxial subluxation or dislocation. Osteomyelitis at this level is often seen in immunocompromised patients with, intravenous drug use or infective endocarditis. Atlantoaxial subluxation associated with pharyngeal infection or its surrounding tissues is called Grisel's syndrome. We report the case of a 29-year-old man diagnosed with infectious cervico-occipital osteoarthritis complicated by atlantoaxial dislocation, abscesses located in the retropharyngeal space, and the prevertebral space as well as upper cervical epiduritis. Our purpose is to highlight the role of radiologists in diagnosing this rare yet deadly condition., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the development of benign tumors known as hamartomas that affect multiple organs. It is a condition with a wide phenotypic spectrum, and its clinical presentation varies over time within the same individual. Hence, the importance of early screening and rigorous monitoring of evolving clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can occur at any age. These tumors are generally benign, but their size and location can have a significant impact on the prognosis and, in some cases, even on life expectancy. Cardiac, neurological, and cutaneous manifestations are most common in childhood. The onset of early and severe epilepsy within the first year of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that impact the quality of life for affected individuals and their families. We present a case of a 22-year-old female patient experiencing inaugural epileptic seizures in adulthood, with magnetic resonance imaging revealing subependymal hamartomas, cortical tubers and radial migration bands accompanied by polycystic kidney disease; the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex was established based on the association of these lesions, which constitute major and minor criteria., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

FLAMES, or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense lesions in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein)-associated encephalitis with seizures, represents a rarely documented syndrome characterized by ambiguous features. Positioned within the spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, it is regarded as a distinct subset of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, the latest classification in this domain. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease exhibits a diverse clinical spectrum, spanning from solitary optic neuritis or myelitis to multifocal central nervous system demyelination, manifesting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, or cortical encephalitis accompanied by seizures, delineating the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense lesions in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated encephalitis with seizures syndrome. We present a compelling case study of a 30-year-old individual with a history of recurrent seizures initially diagnosed with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. However, the disease's progression more closely resembled self-resolving cerebral cortical encephalitis linked with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies. In addition, we undertake a systematic review of literature cases to explore the diagnostic significance of magnetic resonance angiography, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and specialized markers such as diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion in discerning fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense lesions in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated encephalitis with seizures syndrome and elucidating its distinctive characteristics., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

We consider a double Jaynes–Cummings model for a system of two atoms that interact with a radiation field defined in a thermal spin state. We examine the impact of the parameters of the quantum model on the temporal evolution of quantum discord, quantum Fisher information, and fidelity. We explain how the quantifiers can be affected by the thermal noise and spin number with and without the effect of time-dependent coupling. We show that, despite the damaging effects of thermal noise, there is still some amount of discord and Fisher information present during the temporal evolution in accordance with the values of the spin number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Kumar Gerry et al. [Phys. Rev. A 90, 033427 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.033427] studied the coherence control in a six-level atom through solving the Schrödinger equation in the field-interaction representation. In this manuscript, we investigate the interaction between a six-level atomic system (SLAS) and a single-mode field initially prepared in a squeezed coherent state. We extend the Jeans–Cummings model to describe the interaction between the atom and the squeezed field (SF) and the system dynamics. We examine the time evolution of the atomic coherence, non-local correlation, statistical properties within the bipartite system in the presence and absence intensity-dependent coupling (I-DC) for different squeezing regimes of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a quantum scheme of two atoms (TAs) and field initially in a negative binomial state (NBS). We displayed and discussed the physical implications of the obtained results in terms of the physical parameters of the model. By considering that the TAs were initially prepared in a maximally entangled state, and that the single-mode field was in the NBS, the dynamics of quantum phenomena such TAs-field entanglement, TAs entanglement, and parameter estimation were examined. We found that the quantum quantifiers exhibited randomly quasi-periodic and periodic oscillations that depended on the success probability, photon number transition, and the intensity-dependent coupling effect. Furthermore, we analyzed the connection between the dynamical behavior of the quantifiers. This system can be compared with some other ones that are being discussed in the literature, in order to realize the quantum entanglement, and to control the precision of the parameter estimation.

We examine how the weak excitation regime of a quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity (SM) influences the dynamics of quantum coherence and the total phase. We analyze the impact of the physical parameters on different quantumness measures, and illustrate their numerical results. We show that the amount of the coherence and total phase in the SMs for multi-photon excitation can be improved and controlled by the strength of the field, exciton-photon coupling, cavity dissipation rate, and excitonic spontaneous emission rate. We illustrate how the fidelity varies depending on the physical parameters. These results might have far-reaching ramifications not just in quantum information processing and optics, but also in physics at large.

By using the Born Markovian master equation, we study the relationship among the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, Bell nonlocality, and quantum entanglement of entangled coherent states (ECSs) under decoherence. We illustrate the dynamical behavior of the three types of correlations for various optical field strength regimes. In general, we find that correlation measurements begin at their maximum and decline over time. We find that quantum steering and nonlocality behave similarly in terms of photon number during dynamics. Furthermore, we discover that ECSs with steerability can violate the Bell inequality, and that not every ECS with Bell nonlocality is steerable. In the current work, without the memory stored in the environment, some of the initial states with maximal values of quantum steering, Bell nonlocality, and entanglement can provide a delayed loss of that value during temporal evolution, which is of interest to the current study.

In this work, we introduce the standard Tavis-Cummings model to describe two-qubit system interacting with a single-mode field associated to power-law (PL) potentials. We explore the effect of the time-dependent interaction and the Kerr-like medium. We solve the Schrödinger equation to obtain the density operator that allows us to investigate the dynamical behaviour of some quantumness measures, such as von Neumann entropy, negativity and Mandel's parameter. We provide how these entanglement measures depend on the system parameters, which paves the way towards better control of entanglement generation in two-qubit systems. We find that the enhancement and preservation of the atoms-field entanglement and atom-atom entanglement can be achieved by a proper choice of the initial parameters of the field in the absence and presence of the time-dependent interaction and Kerr medium. We examine the photons distribution of the field and determine the situations for which the field exhibits super-poissonian, poissonian or sub-poissonian distribution.

In this work, we examine a nonlinear version of the Tavis-Cummings model for two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode field within a cavity in the context of power-law potentials. We consider the effect of the particle position that depends on the velocity and acceleration, and the coupling parameter is supposed to be time-dependent. We examine the effect of velocity and acceleration on the dynamical behavior of some quantumness measures, namely as von Neumann entropy, concurrence and Mandel parameter. We have found that the entanglement of subsystem states and the photon statistics are largely dependent on the choice of the qubit motion and power-law exponent. The obtained results present potential applications for quantum information and optics with optimal conditions.

We consider the interaction of a qubit system with a two-mode field in the presence of multi-photon transition and phase damping effect. We use the master equation to obtain the density operator when the qubit is initially prepared in its excited state and the field is in a finite-dimensional pair coherent state. The properties of the considered system, such as the population inversion, amount of the mixedness, parameter estimation, and squeezing, are explored for one- and two-photon transitions. The effects of photon addition to the field and phase damping on the evaluation of these quantumness measures are also investigated.