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The intercropping of legumes with cereals offers scope for developing energy-efficient and sustainable agriculture. Legume supported systems have a high potential for mitigating climate change through the reduction of fossil fuel use and GHG emissions, as well as increasing C sequestration. Long-term intercropping increases soil C sequestration compared to monoculture, with the changes in C storage ranging from -0.020 to 0.184 t C/ha/yr. Intercropping increases crop yields and it provides several ecological services such as pest, disease and weed control, soil biodiversity, and it has positive effects on nutrient use efficiency and soil quality. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of intercropping on some soil properties. Two-year trials (2021-2023) were carried out on the experimental fields of the IFVCNS. Treatments: intercropping (winter wheat + forage pea)-I; winter wheat-WW; forage pea-FP; control-C. Soil samples were taken in autumn and in May. The lowest K content was found in WW variant, 2.21 % and was significantly lower compared to FP (2.67 %). The content of K in I variant was 2.31 %. The P content was the highest in the FP (2.71 %), and the lowest in the WW variant (2.10 %). The content of P in the I variant was 2.31%. Total N content was the lowest in the WW (0.16 %) and in the C variant (0.17%). The results from the FP and I variant were 0.18 %. The lowest SOC content was obtained in WW (12.7 g/kg) and then in the C variant (13.33 g/kg). The highest SOC content was in FP, 13.90 g/kg, and in the I variant, 13.83 g/kg. Although the SOC content was slightly higher, positive C balance cannot be found automatically, it takes many years. Long term results will be climate change mitigation and a significant contribution to climate neutrality through enhanced C sequestration. Intercropping as well as single legume crop are a good options for enhancing soil fertility.

Nickel (Ni) is an essential nutrient for animals and it has an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. At the same time, it belongs to the group of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The aim of this study is to determine Ni concentrations in the soil-plant relationships between the main crops and agricultural land in Central Serbia. A total of 71 bulked soil samples are taken from the topsoil at the depth of 0–30 cm in an area belonging to 6 statistical districts of Central Serbia. A total of 71 seed samples are collected during harvest as an average sample of seed from each observed plot, of which 26 are corn, 19 sunflower, 17 wheat, and 9 soybean samples. Analysis of the collected samples includs the main soil parameters and Ni total and available concentrations in soil, as well as Ni total concentration in seeds. The median value of total Ni concentration in soil is 44.8 mg kg-1, close to MAC. The median nickel concentration in wheat and corn seeds is 0.5 mg kg-1, while soybean and sunflower seeds have higher median Ni content of 8.40 and 10.26 mg kg-1, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors in seeds (BAF) in the present study ranges from 0.013 (corn) to 0.256 (soybean). According to statistically significant differences, all crops have equal total NiT concentration in soil, while the available NiA concentration differs in soils under corn and sunflower cultivars. Based on Ni concentration in seed and BAF, two groups are distinguished − the group of soybeans and sunflowers with higher Ni content and the group of wheat and corn with lower Ni content in seed. The obtained differences confirm that plant species have a significant role in the bioaccumulation of Ni. The determined BAF parameter is in a statistically significant negative correlation with the total Ni content in soil in all observed crops except maize. However, the BAF parameter for maize alone is in a statistically significant negative correlation with the readil, Nikal je esencijalni hranljivi element za životinje i ima važnu ulogu u brojnim fiziološkim i biohemijskim procesima viših biljaka, ali istovremeno pripada grupi potencijalno toksičnih elemenata (PTE). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde koncentracije Ni u relaciji zemljište–biljka između glavnih ratarskih biljnih vrsta i poljoprivrednog zemljišta za centralnu Srbiju. Ukupno je uzeto 71 uzorak zemljišta iz gornjeg sloja zemljišta 0–30 cm, s područja šest statističkih okruga centralne Srbije. Prikupljeno je ukupno 71 uzorak semena tokom žetve kao prosečan uzorak semena sa svake posmatrane parcele, od čega je 26 uzoraka bilo seme kukuruza, 19 suncokreta, 17 pšenice i devet soje. Prikupljeni uzorci analizirani su na osnovne parametra zemljišta i ukupnu i pristupačnu koncentraciju nikla u zemljištu, kao i ukupnu njegovu koncentraciju u semenu. Vrednost medijane za ukupnu koncentraciju nikla u zemljištu bila je 44,8 mg kg-1, što je blizu vrednosti MDK. Srednja koncentracija nikla u semenu pšenice i kukuruza bila je 0,5 mg kg-1, dok je seme soje i suncokreta imalo znatno veći sadržaj Ni od 8,40 odnosno 10,26 mg kg-1. Faktori bioakumulacije u semenu (BAF) u ovoj studiji kretali su se od 0,013 (kukuruz) do 0,256 (soja). Prema statistički značajnim razlikama, sve ratarske biljne vrste imale su jednaku ukupnu koncentraciju NiT u zemljištu, dok su se prema pristupačnoj koncentraciji NiA u zemljištu, međusobno razlikovala zemljišta pod kukuruzom i suncokretom. Na osnovu koncentracije Ni u semenu i BAF-a, jasno se izdvajaju dve grupe: u jednoj grupi su soja i suncokret sa većim sadržajem Ni, dok su u drugoj grupi pšenica i kukuruz sa nižim sadržajem Ni u semenu. Dobijene razlike potvrđuju da biljne vrste imaju značajnu ulogu u bioakumulaciji Ni. Utvrđeni parametar BAF bio je u statistički značajnoj, negativnoj korelaciji sa ukupnim sadržajem Ni u zemljištu za sve posmatrane useve, osim kukuruza. Međutim, vrednost BAF-a je samo za kukuruz bila u statistički značajnoj, nega

Zbog veoma povoljnih zemljišnih i klimatskih uslova Aleksandrovačka župa dobro je poznata kao vinogradarski rejon, koji daje visoko kvalitetna i vrhunska vina. Pored vinove loze, u ovom rejonu pogodni su uslovi za povrtarsku proizvodnju, posebno krastavaca kornišona. Plodnost zemljišta predstavlja lako pristupačne količine biljnih hraniva u zemljištu. Sistem kontrole plodnosti zemljišta i upotrebe đubriva zasnovan 1980. godine, obuhvata kontrolu svih faktora koji određuju plodnost zemljišta i dejstvo đubriva, odnosno preko ishrane utiču na rast, razviće i prinose biljaka, kao i mere kojima se ovi usmeravaju u cilju ostvarenja visoke i stabilne proizvodnje uz primenu ekonomičnosti i zaštitu životne sredine. Osnovna hemijska svojsva kao što su pH vrednost i sadržaj kalcijum karbonata su činioci koji se ne menjaju značajno u kratkom vremenskom periodu, kao što je jedna vegetacija. Međutim, kod pH vrednosti je primećeno blago povećanje u svim uzorcima. To se može objasniti upotrebom fiziološki alkalnih đubriva, s obzirom da je zemljište u ovom rejonu blago kiselo i neutralno., Due to the very favourable soil and climatic conditions, the Župa of Aleksandrovac is well known as a wine-growing region, which produces high quality and top wines. In addition to vines, in this region are suitable conditions for vegetable production, especially gherkins. Soil fertility is readily available amounts of plant nutrients in the soil. The System of soil fertility control and fertilizer use, founded in 1980, includes the control of all factors that determine soil fertility and the effect of fertilizers, actually through nutrition affect the growth, development and yield of plants, as well as measures to achieve high and stable production, with the application of economy and environmental protection. Basic chemical properties such as pH value and calcium carbonate content are factors that do not change significantly in a short period of time, such as one vegetation. However, a slight increase in pH was observed in all samples. This can be explained by the use of physiologically alkaline fertilizers, since the soil in this region is slightly acidic and neutral.

Uticaj korišćenja zemljišta na svojstva zemljišta je dobro dokumentovan i procenjen kao dominantni antropogeni pritisak koji izaziva degradaciju zemljišta. Prirodan sklop zemljišta je u današnje vreme, očuvan na veoma malim površinama, najčešće u sklopu zaštićenih prirodnih dobara. Cilj ovog rada je da se pruži generalna i brza procena uticaja načina korišćenja zemljišta na zemljišne karakteristike na primeru Opštine Beočin. U radu je poređeno zemljište opštine pod poljoprivrednom biljnom proizvodnjom i šumsko zemljište nacionalnog parka (NP). Način korišćenja zemljišta se odrazio na zemljišnu pH reakciju. U šumskom zemljištu pH reakcija varira u opsegu od 3,42 do 5,50, dok u poljoprivrednom u opsegu 6,42 do 7,45. Posledično, sadržaj karbonata je u šumskom zemljištu manji od 0,5%, dok je u poljoprivrednom na jednoj lokaciji livade sadržaj manji od 0,5 %, a na ostalim obradivim površinama u opsegu 4,3 do čak 33,9%. Šumsko zemljište je značajno bogatije organskom materijom (prosek 4.28%) u odnosu na poljoprivredno zemljište (1,86%)., The impact of land use on soil properties is well documented and marked as the dominant anthropogenic pressure resulting in soil degradation. Nowadays, the natural composition of the land is preserved on very small areas, most often as part of protected natural assets. The aim of this paper is to provide a global and fast assessment of the impact of land use on land characteristics on the example of the Municipality of Beočin. The paper compares the land of the municipality under agricultural crop production and the forest land of the National Park (NP). The way of land use affected the soil pH reaction. In forest soil pH reaction varies in the range of 3.42 to 5.50, while in agricultural land in the range of 6.42 to 7.45. Consequently, the content of free carbonates in forest land is less than 0.5%, while in agricultural land at one location of the meadow the content is less than 0.5%, and in other arable land in the range of 4.3 to as much as 33.9%. Forest land is significantly richer in organic matter (average 4.28%) compared to agricultural land (1.86%).

Through choosing bread wheat genotypes that can be cultivated in less productive areas, one can increase the economic worth of those lands, and increase the area under cultivation for this strategic crop. As a result, more food sources will be available for the growing global population. The phenotypic variation of ear mass and grain mass per ear, as well as the genotype × environment interaction, were studied in 11 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and 1 triticale (Triticosecale W.) cultivar grown under soil salinity stress (3S) during three vegetation seasons. The results of the experiment set on the control variant (solonetz) were compared to the results obtained from soil reclaimed by phosphogypsum in the amount of 25 t × ha−1 and 50 t × ha−1. Using the AMMI analysis of variance, there was found to be a statistically significant influence of additive and nonadditive sources of variation on the phenotypic variation of the analyzed traits. Although the local landrace Banatka and the old variety Bankut 1205 did not have high enough genetic capacity to exhibit high values of ear mass, they were well-adapted to 3S. The highest average values of grain mass per ear and the lowest average values of the coefficient of variation were obtained in all test variants under microclimatic condition B. On soil reclaimed by 25 t × ha−1 and 50 t × ha−1 of phosphogypsum, in microclimate C, the genotypes showed the highest stability. The most stable genotypes were Rapsodija and Renesansa. Under 3S, genotype Simonida produced one of the most stable reactions for grain mass per ear.

Due to specific soil properties and management practices, soils in vineyards are sensitive to degradation. The aims of this study were to examine (i) the state of soil organic carbon (SOC) in vineyards compared to other agricultural land, (ii) the influence of different fertilization strategies and soil type on SOC content and (iii) the rate of SOC change over time and potential of deep tillage for SOC preservation in subsoil. The study was carried out at 16 representative vineyard locations of the Tri Morave region, which represents the largest vine growing region in Serbia. The analyzed area included 56 vineyard plots. Results showed that SOC stocks in the topsoil and subsoil were lower than the average for agricultural land in Serbia. The soil type was an important predictor of carbon storage in the topsoil. An adequate application of inorganic fertilizers or green manure combined with farmyard manure initially resulted in the highest SOC contents. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizer without organic amendments has led to a decrease of SOC in topsoil. High rates of SOC stock change in topsoil accompanied a rapid reduction of SOC in the earlier stage of cultivation. In all investigated subsoils, SOC increased, except for unfertilized vineyards. Deep tillage has the potential to preserve SOC in the deeper soil layer and prevent carbon loss from the topsoil. More attention should be paid to the soil conservation practices to meet environmental sustainability of viticulture.

Intensive crop cultivation systems require continuous monitoring of irrigation water quality as well as the control of physical and chemical soil properties. In view of the ongoing climate change and a dramatic decrease in soil organic matter content, the use of low quality irrigation water and its adverse effects on soil, cultivated plants and irrigation equipment must not be overlooked. The aim of this paper was to evaluate general quality of irrigation water from the different water intake sources in the Vojvodina Province. The paper presents the results of irrigation water quality, collected during 2018 and 2019. The research included 140 irrigation water samples obtained from three different intake structures which collect water from wells, canals or reservoirs. Water quality was assessed using the following parameters: pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), ionic balance, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) value. Water quality diagram given by the US Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and FAO guidelines for interpretation water quality for irrigation was used. Additionally, the Nejgebauer classification for irrigation water, developed specifically for the area of Vojvodina, was used as a third classification. Based on the results of mineralization of the irrigation water, the following values of the observed parameters were determined: average pH of the analyzed water samples were 7.89, ranged from 7.14 to 9.01, while electrical conductivity values ranged from 0.10 to 3.50 dS/m, with an average of 0.85 dS/m. TDS analysis resulted in a wide range of values, from 112 mg/l to 2,384 mg/l, with an average of 529,22 mg/l. SAR values varied between 0.04–16.52 with a satisfactory average of 1.97. The USSL water classification produced similar results as FAO classification and RSC index <0, indicating that 57% of investigating samples are without concerns for irrigation use. Whereas, Nejgebauers classification and R, U intenzivnim sistemima gajenja biljaka, pored kontrole fizičkih i hemijskih osobina zemljišta, neophodno je vršiti i kontinuirano praćenje kvaliteta vode za navodnjavanje. U svetlu nadolazećih klimatskih promena, kao i zabrinjavajućeg opadanja sadržaja organske materije, ne smeju se zanemariti i nepovoljne posledice primene vode neodgovarajućeg kvaliteta na navodnjavano zemljište, gajene biljke i opremu za navodnjavanje. U radu su prikazani rezultati kvaliteta vode koja se koristi za navodnjavanje, prikupljeni tokom 2018. i 2019. godine. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 140 uzoraka vode iz razli­ čitih vodozahvata poreklom iz površinskih bunara, kanalske mreže i akumulacija za navodnjavanje. Za ocenu kvaliteta vode analizirani su sledeći parametri: pH vrednost, elektroprovodljivost (EC), suvi ostatak, jonski bilans, kao i koeficijent adsorpcije natrijuma (SAR) i vrednost rezidualnog natrijum-karbonata (RSC). Uobičajeno je da se za ovu namenu koristi i klasifikacija prema Američkoj laboratoriji za slatine (USSL) kao i FAO procena kvaliteta vode za navodnjavanje. Za prostore AP Vojvodine razvijena je i Nejgebauerova klasifikacija koju smo takođe iskoristili za potrebe ocenjivanja. Na osnovu rezultata mineralizacije vode za navodnjavanje, utvrđene su sledeće vrednosti posmatranih para­ metara: prosečno izračunata pH vrednost analiziranih voda iznosila je 7,89 (min=7,14, max=9,01), vrednosti elektroprovodljivosti kretale su se u opsegu od 0,10 do 3,50 dS/m, sa prosečnom vrednošću 0,85 dS/m. U odnosu na vrednosti suvog ostataka, ispitivane vrednosti kretale su se u širokom opsegu, od 112 mg/l do 2.384 mg/l, s prosečnom vrednošću 529,22 mg/l. SAR vrednosti varirale su u opsegu 0,04–16,52 i zadovoljavajućim prosekom od 1,97. Klasifikacija prema Američkoj laboratoriji za slatine (USSL) pokazuje slične rezultate kao FAO klasifikacija i RSC indeks <0, ukazujući na to da 57% istraživanih uzoraka nije zabrinjavajuće za upotrebu u navodnjavanju. Nejgebauerova klasifikacija i RSC inde

Crop cultivation under the open-field conditions depends on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors which cause plant stress and deterioration. Due to high soil salinity, some soils can be an unfavourable growing environment for most plants. As a low productivity soil type, solonetz soils are a stressful growing environment, causing plant deterioration. Plants have developed a complex antioxidative defense system as a precaution against oxidative stress caused by high soil salinity. The trial was set up on a halomorphic soil type-solonetz. The research included ten cultivars, one local population of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum L.) and one cultivar of triticale (Triticosecale W.). The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plant antioxidative defense system was detected during the trial, as well as lipid peroxidation. The analysis of biochemical markers was done in the flowering stage, and then in the milk maturity phase. Research results of the tested components revealed the highest stress tolerance exhibited by genotypes Banatka and Bankut 1205. Understanding the process of oxygen radical production by the plant tissue contributes to breeding wheat cultivars for better stress tolerance. Selection of genotypes better adapted to growing conditions in solonetz soils could facilitate a more economically justifiable wheat production, and promote utilization of the lower-quality soil types in agriculture.

Pored optimalnih koncentracija biogenih elemenata, da bismo zemljište okarakterisali kao pogodno za proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbedne hrane, ono u sebi ne sme sadržati opasne i štetne materije. Prema Zakonu o poljoprivrednom zemljištu, opasne i štetne materije u zemljištu jesu grupe neorganskih i organskih jedinjenja koja obuhvataju toksične, korozivne, zapaljive, samozapaljive i radioaktivne proizvode, kao i otpad u čvrstom, tečnom ili gasovitom agregatnom stanju, i koja imaju opasne i štetne uticaje na zemljište. Prema ovom zakonu, zabranjeno je ispuštanje i odlaganje opasnih i štetnih materija na poljoprivrednom zemljištu i u kanalima za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje.

Pored optimalnih koncentracija biogenih elemenata, da bismo zemljište okarakterisali kao pogodno za proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbedne hrane, ono u sebi ne sme sadržati opasne i štetne materije. Prema Zakonu o poljoprivrednom zemljištu, opasne i štetne materije u zemljištu jesu grupe neorganskih i organskih jedinjenja koja obuhvataju toksične, korozivne, zapaljive, samozapaljive i radioaktivne proizvode, kao i otpad u čvrstom, tečnom ili gasovitom agregatnom stanju, i koja imaju opasne i štetne uticaje na zemljište. Prema ovom zakonu, zabranjeno je ispuštanje i odlaganje opasnih i štetnih materija na poljoprivrednom zemljištu i u kanalima za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje. Iako je za ovu grupu elemenata najzastupljeniji izraz „teški metali“, u novijoj literaturi upotrebljava se izraz elementi u tragovima. Neki od ovih elemenata su biogeni elementi npr. bakar (Cu), cink (Zn), i esencijalni su za biljne i životinjske organizme, ali istovremeno u velikim koncentracijama mogu biti toksični po živi svet. Glavni izvor ovih elemenata za biljke predstavlja zemljište, bilo da su oni u ulozi nutrijenata ili toksikanata.

Publikacija predstavlja nastavak istraživanja na temu karakterizacije zemljišta vinogradarskih geografskih proizvodnih područja u Republici Srbiji, ističući značaj zemljišta kao neraskidivu komponentu terroir-a. Poseban doprinos publikaciji čine poglavlja o glavnim aktuelnim karakteristikama terroir-a Pocersko-valjevskog rejona (geografski položaj, zastupljenost proizvođača i površine vinograda, klimatske i topografske karakteristike, sortiment, uzgojni oblici, starosna struktura vinograda i proizvodnja vina), uključujući istorijat vinogradarstva i vinarstva ovog područja.

Urban gardening is an activity that has been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to point out the common mistakes in cultivation practices made by producers on small city areas. Total of 96 individual plots under vegetable crops were sampled (56 from garden plots of the city of Novi Sad, and 40 from field plots in the suburbs). There was no significant difference in the content of organic matter between these two groups of tested soils. The contents of readily available P2O5 and K2O were significantly higher in garden soil than in the field plots for production of vegetables. According to the content of pseudototal copper, 39% of samples belonged to the category of critical concentration and/or above MAC in the urban soil. Obtained results prove the pollution of small area gardens due to high anthropogenic effect of excessive use of mineral fertilizers and copper-based fungicides., Urbano baštovanstvo u gradskim zajednicama je aktivnost koja se intenzivno širi. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da ukaže na najčešće greške u proizvodnoj praksi u gradskim baštama i okućnicama malih površina. Uzorci zemljišta su prikupljeni sa ukupno 96 pojedinačnih parcela pod povrtarskim kulturama (56 iz gradskih bašta i okućnica na teritoriji grada Novog Sada i 40 iz njivske proizvodnje iz prigradskih naselja). Između dve grupe ispitivanih zemljišta nije bilo značajnih razlika u sadržaju organske materije. Sadržaj lakopristupačnog P2O5 i K2O bio je značajno viši u zemljištima gradskih bašta i okućnica nego u zemljištima pod njivskom proizvodnjom povrća. Prema sadržaju pseudoukupnog bakra, 39% uzoraka u urbanim zemljištima svrstano je u kategoriju kritične koncentracije i/ili iznad MDK. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na zagađenje gradskih bašta i okućnica koje je prouzrokovano jakim antropogenim uticajem usled intenzivne primene mineralnih đubriva i fungicida na bazi bakra.

Ova publikacija predstavlja svojevrsno reizdanje prethodne publikacije na temu uređenja zemljišta pri podizanju vinograda, a koja je urađena na primeru Mlavskog vinogradarskog rejona. Publikacija je nastala sa željom da se istakne važnost svih potrebnih mera uređenja zemljišta uz planski pristup pri zasnivanju vinograda široj publici i na osnovu velikog interesovanja proizvođača za prethodno izdanje. Prvi deo publikacije sadrži opis svih potrebnih mera uz dopunjen i poboljšan, sistematizovani pristup. Prikazani konkretni rezultati u drugom delu publikacije su rezultat opsežnih istraživanja u okviru Projekta pod nazivom: „Uređenje poljoprivrednog zemljišta pri zasnivanju vinograda u Vranjskom rejonu“.

Ubrzan tehničko-tehnološki razvoj i intenzivnija poljoprivredna proizvodnja doveli su do degradacije proizvodnih površina. Osim strukturnih i promena u pogledu vodno-fizičkih svojstava, zemljišta imaju narušen i hemijski sastav. Poseban problem predstavlja povećan sadržaj opasnih i štetnih materija u zemljištu, uključujući i sadržaj nikla. Sve to može da oteža proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbednih prehrambenih proizvoda, među kojima je i voće. U radu su prikazani rezultati 150 uzoraka zemljišta (sa dubine 0-30 cm i 30-60 cm) uzetih sa 75 proizvodnih parcela rasadnika voća, voćnjaka u zasnivanju i voćnjaka u eksploataciji iz više katastarskih opština na teritoriji centralne Srbije. Anali ziran je ukupan i lakopristupačan sadržaj nikla. Najveći prosečan sadržaj ukupnog nikla je utvrđen u rasadnicima voća (103,08 mg/kg). Iako je ova vrednost iznad maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije (MDK), nizak prosečan sadržaj lakopristupačnog nikla (11,73 mg/kg) ukazuje na geohemijsko poreklo ovog teškog metala u ispitivanim zemljištima. Iz toga se zaključuje da ne postoji ugroženost proizvodnje zdravog sadnog materijala i voća., Accelerated development in technology and intensive agriculture have led to the degradation of production areas. Besides changes in the structural, physical, and water properties of soil, deterioration of soil chemical properties also occurs. A specific problem has arisen due to increased content of hazardous and harmful substances in soils, including nickel. All this can adversely affect the production of safe food, as well as fruit. This study provides test results of 150 soil samples (the depth of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm), collected from 75 production fields, namely orchard nurseries, orchards under establishment, and orchards under production, in several cadastral municipalities of central Serbia. The total content of easily accessible nickel was analysed. The highest average total content of nickel was found in nurseries (103.08 mg/kg). Although this value exceeds the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), low average content of easily accessible nickel (11.73 mg/kg) indicates geochemical origin of this heavy metal in the tested soils. It can be concluded that the production of safe planting material and fruit is not threatened.

Imperativ u savremenoj vinogradarskoj proizvodnji je primena novih naučnih i praktičnih saznanja, zasnovanih na principima održivog razvoja. Analiza zemljišta je osnova svake intenzivne biljne proizvodnje. Optimalna mineralna ishrana biljaka moguća je samo u uslovima poznavanja svojstava zemljišta, kao i pravilne primene preporuka đubrenja i meliorativnih mera (Milić i sar., 2011). Pravilnom primenom preporuka đubrenja ostvaruju se visoki i stabilni prinosi dobrog kvaliteta (Zeremski-Škorić i sar., 2010), uz profitabilnu i ekološki prihvatljivu proizvodnju. Analizu zemljišta je neophodno uraditi pre podizanja vinograda, kao i tokom eksploatacije, svakih 4-5 godina, jer se napravljene greške kasnije teško ispravljaju. Količine potrebnih mineralnih hraniva u toku ekploatacije mogu se odrediti na osnovu analize zemljišta, vizuelne metode (pojava određenih simptoma na biljci) i analize biljnog tkiva. Pošto svaki način ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke, treba ih kombinovati i redovno primenjivati. Pri tome treba u obzir uzeti i starost zasada, cilj i način proizvodnje. Tako npr. sorte vinove loze namenjene proizvodnji za konzumaciju imaju različite potrebe u količini hraniva u odnosu na vinske sorte. Zbog toga se preporučene količine đubriva, na osnovu istih analiza, mogu razlikovati u zavisnosti od namene i potrebe za koju se daju.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of soil type and forage crops on the content of manganese (Mn) in roughages, and forage quality regarding Mn content. The trial was carried out on chernozem and humogley under alfalfa and red clover. Samples for determination of Mn content in plant and total Mn content in soil were digested using the apparatus Milestone Ethos 1 and for Mn determination on ICP-OES Vista Pro-Axial Varian. Average total Mn content in soil of the tested sites was 473.1 mg/kg. Total Mn content in chernozem was higher than in humogley. Average Mn content in forage crops was 28.7 mg/kg. Dry matter Mn content was lower in crops grown on humogley. Mn content was significantly higher in red clover. Significant positive correlation was found between total Mn content in soil and Mn content in crops. Mn concentration in crops was below critical and toxic value., Cilj rada je da prikaže uticaj tipa zemljišta i krmnog useva na sadržaj mangana u kabastoj stočnoj hrani, kao i kvalitet krmiva sa aspekta obezbeđenosti manganom. Ispitivanja su izvedena na černozemu i humogleju, na kojima je zasnovana proizvodnja lucerke i crvene deteline. Za određivanje sadržaja Mn u biljkama, kao i ukupnog sadržaja u zemljištu primenjena je digestija uzoraka na aparatu Milestone Ethos 1 i determinacija na ICP-OES Vista Pro-Axial Varian. Prosečan ukupan sadržaj Mn u zemljištu iznosio je 473,1 mg/kg. Ukupan sadržaj Mn u černozmu je bio viši u odnosu na humoglej. Prosečna vrednost sadržaja Mn u ispitivanim biljkama iznosila je 28,74 mg/kg. Niži sadržaj Mn u suvoj materiji biljaka je konstatovan na humogleju. Crvena detelina je imala značajno veći sadržaj Mn. Konstatovana je značajna pozitivna korelaciona veza između ukupnog sadržaja Mn u zemljištu i njegovog sadržaja u biljkama. Koncentracija Mn u biljkama je ispod kritične i toksične vrednosti.

The Vojvodina Province in northern Serbia is well known for its intensive field crops production. Over 90 % of total arable land, which represents more than 1500.000 ha, is used for field or vegetable crop production. A grid superimposed on Vojvodina land by means of a GIS tool (GIS ArcView 10) has divided land into 4 x 4 km units, each representing an area of 1600 ha. Total number of 1370 bulked soil samples were taken (0-30 cm depth) from agricultural land and analysed for total mercury content THg. The samples were analysed using Direct Mercury Analyzer DMA 80 Milestone. Quality control was carried out with IRMM BCR reference materials 143R. The aim of this study was to determine the total content of Hg in agricultural soils and its spatial distributions in different parts of Vojvodina Province. The obtained results were within interval 0.008-0.974 mg kg(-1). The average concentration of Hg was 0.068, with median 0.048 mg kg(-1). The correlation was determined between Hg concentration and organic matter content in the soil. Content of Hg coincides with main geomorphological units of Vojvodina Province. Average values of Hg concentrations for soils formatted on different geomorphological units were 0.031 for sandy area with dune fields, 0.048 for alluvial terraces, 0.055 for upper Pleistocene terraces, 0.058 for loess plateaus, 0.083 for mountains and 0.092 mg kg(-1) for alluvial plains. Hg spatial distribution confirmed that most of Vojvodina Province area has geochemical origin of Hg. Higher concentration of Hg on alluvial plains indicated that the origin of Hg near rivers could be from anthropogenic source. The main rivers in Vojvodina have been dammed more than a century ago. Thus, higher concentrations of Hg in their alluvial plains out of narrow dammed zone around the rivers must be related to natural and anthropogenic sources located in their huge catchments. Higher content of Hg in mountain region can be explained by high clay content in these soils. Addit

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of soil type and forage crops on the content of magnesium in soil and roughages, as well as forage quality regarding Mg content for the prevention of animal disease ‘tetany’. The trial was carried out on chernozem and humogley under alfalfa and red clover. Samples for determination of Mg content in plant and total Mg content in soil were digested using the apparatus Milestone Ethos 1. The content of Mg was determined using the apparatus ICP-OES Vista Pro -Axial Varian. The average total Mg content in soil of the tested sites was 0.64%. Total Mg content in chernozem was higher than in humogley. A higher total Mg content was in the deeper horizon. A significant positive correlation was found between total Mg content in soil and soil pH as well as the content of CaCO3. The average Mg content in forage crops was 0.28%. A higher Mg content in the dry matter was observed in crops grown on humogley. Mg content was significantly higher in red clover. There was no risk for the occurrence of animal disease ‘tetany’ regarding Mg content in crops, because the ratio K/(Ca+Mg) was below 2.2, and K and Mg content in the dry matter of crops was below the critical value., Cilj rada je da prikaže uticaj tipa zemljišta i krmnog useva na sadržaj magnezijuma u zemljištu i krmnim biljkama, kao i obezbeđenost krmiva magnezijumom sa aspekta prevencije bolesti “tetanije” kod životinja. Ispitivanja su izvedena na poljoprivrednim površinama černozema i humogleja, na kojima su zasnovane proizvodnje lucerke i crvene deteline. Za određivanje sadržaja Mg u biljnom materijalu, kao i ukupnog sadržaja u zemljištu primenjena je digestija uzoraka u zatvorenom mikrotalasnom sistemu pod visokim pritiskom na aparatu Milestone Ethos 1 i determinacija na aparatu ICP-OES Vista Pro-Axial Varian. Prosečan ukupan sadržaj Mg u zemljištu ispitivanih lokaliteta iznosio je 0,64%. Ukupan sadržaj Mg u černozmu je bio viši u odnosu na humoglej. Sadržaj ukupnog Mg je rastao sa dubinom zemljišta. Konstatovana je značajna pozitivna korelaciona veza između ukupnog sadržaja Mg u zemljištu i pH vrednosti zemljišta, kao i sadržaja CaCO3. Prosečna vrednost sadržaja Mg u ispitivanim krmnim usevima iznosila je 0,28%. Viši sadržaj Mg u suvoj materiji biljaka je konstatovan na humogleju. Crvena detelina je, u proseku, imala značajno veći sadržaj Mg. Sa aspekta obezbeđenosti biljaka magnezijumom, može se smatrati da ne postoji potencijalna opasnost od pojave bolesti “tetanije” kod životinja, jer je odnos K/(Ca+Mg) ispod 2,2, a sadržaj K i Mg u suvoj materiji biljaka izvan kritičnih vrednosti.

Zemljište koje krase povoljne fizičke, hemijske i biološke osobine opisujemo kao plodno. Pored navedenih osobina u prethodnim poglavljima i optimalnih koncentracija biogenih elemenata, da bismo zemljište okarakterisali kao pogodno za proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbedne hrane, ono u sebi ne sme sadržati opasne i štetne materije. Izrazom "teški metali" se označava grupa elemenata koja ispoljava veliku toksičnost po žive organizme. U ovu grupu se ubrajaju i neki metali sa manjom zapreminskom masom, zatim metaloidi (bor B, arsen As i antimon At), pa čak i neki nemetali (selen Se). Iako postoji više izraza za označavanje ove grupe elemenata, izraz „teški metali“ se najduže i najšire koristi u literaturi, dok se u novijoj literaturi najšire koristi izraz „elementi u tragovima“. U našem zakonodavstvu, prema pravilniku za poljoprivredno zemljište (Sl. glasnik RS, br. 23/94), ovi elementi su označeni kao štetne (bakar Cu, cink Zn i bor B) i opasne materije (kadmijum Cd, olovo Pb, živa Hg, arsen As, hrom Cr, nikal Ni i flour F).

Due to the rapid increase of the urban population, food production in cities has become a modern need. Urban agriculture affects the urban environment, and is simultaneously affected by it. The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of soils for safe food production. A total of 15 soil samples were collected from agricultural top soils (depth 0-30 cm) from the vicinity of the industrial zones of the City of Novi Sad, Serbia. The collected samples were analysed for basic soil properties and pseudo-total content of trace elements. Soil pH value was dominantly slightly alkaline, and it was in correlation with carbonate content, which is a natural characteristic of a wider area. According to the readily available P2O5, analysed soils fell within the interval from very poor (<5 mg/100g) to toxic content (>50 mg/kg). Content of readily available K2O fell within the interval from poor (5-10 mg/100g) to high level (25-50 mg/100g). None of the analysed samples exceeded MAC for agricultural soils regarding the content of trace elements (Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr). Analysed agricultural soils are suitable for safe food production. Farmers do not apply rational doses of mineral fertilizers. Excessive use of mineral fertilizers might affect the urban environment, which indicates the necessity for a broader training of farmers regarding optimal fertilizer doses.

Field trial with yellow gentian was established (11.1 plants per m2) at 1004 m.a.s.l., in order to assess the effect of black PE (bPE), silver PE (sPE), and black permeable biodegradable (bPB) mulching films on the root yield and development during six years. The highest crop density measured prior to the root harvest (sixth year), was obtained in the plot with bPB film (84%), while in the plot with bPE and in control (without mulch) number of plants was reduced by 34.2% and 45%, respectively. In addition, application of the bPB film proved to be the most effective treatment; in the fifth and sixth year root yields per m2 increased by 92.3% and 106.0%, respectively, in comparison to bPE, and by 78.9% and 69.2%, respectively, in comparison to sPE, and by 184.4% and 169.6%, respectively, in comparison to control. Application of bPE had a lower positive effect on YG root yield than control (-18.6%-54.95%), whereas the effect of sPE was higher than the bPE and control; the achieved root yields were higher, 29.7% and 70.6%, respectively., U poljskom ogledu na 1000 m n.v. ispitivana je efikasnost različitih malč folija na razvoj i prinos korena lincure u šestogodišnjem periodu. Gustina useva je bila 11,1 biljaka po m2 uz upotrebu crne i sive PE folije i crne vodopropusne biorazgradive folije. Najbolji sklop od 84% u VI godini postignut je na vodopropusnoj foliji, kod crne PE folije broj biljaka se smanjio za 34,2%, a na kontroli za 45%. Prinos korena je bio najviši na vodopropusnoj foliji; viši od crne za 92,3% (V vegetacija) i 106,0% (VI vegetacija), viši od sive PE folije za 78,9% (V) i 69,2% (VI), viši od kontrole za 184,4% (V) i 169,6% (VI). Crna PE folija je postigla najniži pozitivan efekat u odnosu na kontrolu (od - 18,6% do 54,95%). Na sivoj PE foliji je postignut bolji prinos od crne za 29,7% i kontrole za 70,6%.