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PURPOSE: The International Alliance of Academies of Childhood Disability created a COVID-19 Task Force with the goal of understanding the global impact of COVID-19 on children with disabilities and their families. The aim of this paper is to synthesize existing evidence describing the impact of COVID-19 on people with disabilities, derived from surveys conducted across the globe. METHODS: A descriptive environmental scan of surveys was conducted. From June to November 2020, a global call for surveys addressing the impact of COVID-19 on disability was launched. To identify gaps and overlaps, the content of the surveys was compared to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. RESULTS: Forty-nine surveys, involving information from more than 17,230 participants around the world were collected. Overall, surveys identified that COVID-19 has negatively impacted several areas of functioning - including mental health, and human rights of people with disabilities and their families worldwide. CONCLUSION: Globally, the surveys highlight that impact of COVID-19 on mental health of people with disabilities, caregivers, and professionals continues to be a major issue. Rapid dissemination of collected information is essential for ameliorating the impact of COVID-19 across the globe.

The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted face-to-face health services, leveraging telehealth strategies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate, from a parent’s perspective, the feasibility of a remote assessment of functioning in children with developmental disabilities during the pandemic and related contextual factors, based on how parents carry out the assessment. Parents of children with developmental disabilities (mean age = 7.56 ± 3.68) responded to a remote assessment via electronic forms and telephone interview. We analyzed parents’ perspectives about the feasibility of the assessment. We also tested the association between feasibility score and sociodemographics/pandemic experience. Regression analysis tested if children’s functioning characteristics predicted feasibility. A total of 57 mothers completed the remote assessment, and more than 95% did not report difficulties in accessing/responding to electronic forms. They scored remote assessment as easy and feasible, and reported no difficulties with telephone interview. Greater feasibility rates were related to lower maternal age (rho Spearman = −0.290; p = 0.029). The model shows that children’s characteristics predicted 20.4% of feasibility (p < 0.005). Remote assessment showed to be feasible. Younger mothers might consider easier-to-use technologies, beyond considering remote assessment more viable. These results can guide the next steps in research and remote clinical practice.

Objective The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Rehabilitation 2030 initiative is working to develop a set of evidence-based interventions selected from clinical practice guidelines for Universal Health Coverage. As an initial step, the WHO Rehabilitation Programme and Cochrane Rehabilitation convened global content experts to conduct systematic reviews of clinical practice guidelines for 20 chronic health conditions, including cerebral palsy. Data Sources Six scientific databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL), Google Scholar, guideline databases, and professional society websites were searched. Study Selection A search strategy was implemented to identify clinical practice guidelines for cerebral palsy across the lifespan published within 10 years in English. Standardized spreadsheets were provided for process documentation, data entry, and tabulation of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. Each step was completed by 2 or more group members, with disagreements resolved by discussion. Initially, 13 guidelines were identified. Five did not meet the AGREE II established threshold or criteria for inclusion. Further review by the WHO eliminated 3 more, resulting in 5 remaining guidelines. Data Extraction All 339 recommendations from the 5 final guidelines, with type (assessment, intervention, or service), strength, and quality of evidence, were extracted, and an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Functioning (ICF) category was assigned to each. Data Synthesis Most guidelines addressed mobility functions, with comorbid conditions and lifespan considerations also included. However, most were at the level of body functions. No guideline focused specifically on physical or occupational therapies to improve activity and participation, despite their prevalence in rehabilitation. Conclusions Despite the great need for high quality guidelines, this review demonstrated the limited number and range of interventions and lack of explicit use of the ICF during development of guidelines identified here. A lack of guidelines, however, does not necessarily indicate a lack of evidence. Further evidence review and development based on identified gaps and stakeholder priorities are needed.

Neste artigo, faço a apresentação de alguns materiais e gestos que compõem o ofício de fazer rendas de bilros em uma associação de rendeiras em Ilha Grande, Piauí, Brasil. Concentro-me em descrever os desenhos feitos pelas rendeiras nos moldes de papelão e, a partir desses desenhos, trago os meus próprios para mostrar alguns movimentos do ofício de rendar. Por fim, descrevo um experimento que fiz com rendas de bilros a partir da técnica de relevo seco ou marcas d´água para tornar visíveis algumas linhas dos desenhos das rendas de bilros prontas.

Introduccion: La Medida de la Participacion y del Ambiente - Ninos pequenos (YC-PEM) es una herramienta que evalua la frecuencia, el envolvimiento y el impacto del ambiente en la participacion de ninos entre cero y cinco anos de edad, con y sin discapacidad, en el hogar, guarderia/preescuela y comunidad. Objetivo: traducir y adaptar culturalmente la YC-PEM para su uso en Brasil. Metodo: El proceso consistio en seis pasos: (1) Traduccion del ingles-norteamericano al portugues-brasileno; (2) Sintesis de traducciones; (3) Revision del Comite de Expertos; (4) Entrevista cognitiva con padres/tutores; (5) retro traduccion; (6) Consolidacion de la version final. Resultados: Concomitantemente con la traduccion, fueron necesarias adaptaciones para facilitar la lectura e interpretacion de la herramienta. Las instrucciones para completar han cambiado. Algunos items relacionados con la participacion y el entorno fueron cambiados y recibieron otros ejemplos mas apropiados para el contexto brasileno. Conclusion: YC-PEM Brasil puede ayudar a los cuidadores y profesionales a identificar el nivel de participacion de ninos entre cero y cinco anos y la necesidad de intervencion dirigida a mejorar su participacion en el ambiente. Palabras-claves: Nino. Participacion Social. Encuestas y Cuestionarios. Clasificacion Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud.

A gestão do conhecimento tem vindo a representar um papel estratégico nas organizações, como a Marinha Portuguesa, nomeadamente com apoio de tecnologias de informação. Com efeito, urge a necessidade da criação de métodos que permitam aos navegantes acompanhar a evolução das tecnologias e serviços marítimos, bem como as alterações a normas e regulamentos, garantindo a constante atualização e confiança dos conteúdos. Em 2018, um estudo realizado na comunidade de navegadores da Marinha Portuguesa identificou a necessidade da criação de um repositório de conhecimento, de modo a permitir a centralização de informação e a partilha e disseminação de conhecimento. Num estudo subsequente realizado em 2019, foi alertada a necessidade de atualização do manual de navegação publicado pelo Instituto Hidrográfico. Estes constrangimentos incentivaram a criação de um manual de navegação digital: o WikiNav. A idealização do WikiNav perspetivou o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma digital que potencie os processos de criação e disseminação de conhecimento nas comunidades de prática do domínio da navegação, recorrendo a meios da era das tecnologias colaborativas: a Web 2.0. Foi construído em formato wiki, de modo a permitir a partilha e disseminação de conhecimento, a discussão entre utilizadores e a centralização de recursos. Para a avaliação do protótipo, foram desenvolvidos conteúdos de RIEAM e efetuados testes de usabilidade, de satisfação de experiência de utilizador e sessões de grupo de foco a futuros potenciais utilizadores. O protótipo apresentou-se eficaz e atrativo. Salientou-se o agrado dos participantes pela interface e pelas funcionalidades de consulta de conteúdos, apontados como uma vantagem para a gestão do conhecimento na comunidade. Perspetiva-se a continuação do desenvolvimento através da implementação definitiva do WikiNav Knowledge management has been a strategic role in organizations, such as the Portuguese Navy, with the support of information technologies. In fact, there is an urgent need for the creation of methods enabling sailors to monitor the evolution of maritime technologies and services, as well as changes to standards and regulations, ensuring constant updating and confidence. In 2018, a study conducted in the navigator’s community identified the need to create a knowledge repository to enable information centralization and knowledge sharing and dissemination. Also, in an analysis carried out in 2019, it was pointed out the need to update the portuguese navigation manual. These constraints encouraged the creation of a digital navigation manual: WikiNav. The idealization of WikiNav has perpetuated the development of a digital platform that enhances the processes of creation and dissemination of knowledge in the communities of practice in the field of navigation, using means of the era of collaborative technologies: Web 2.0. It was built in wiki format to allow knowledge sharing, discussion among users, dissemination of knowledge and centralization of resources. For the evaluation of the prototype, COLREG content was developed and usability tests, user experience questionnaires and focus group sessions were performed by future potential users. The prototype was effective and attractive. The participants were pleased with the interface and content consultation functionalities, which were pointed out as an advantage for knowledge management in the community. The development should be continued through the definitive implementation of WikiNav.

Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes, Fabiana Bruno Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A partir de minha pesquisa a respeito do processo de confecção das rendas de bilros na Casa das Rendeiras, em Ilha Grande, Piauí, emergem as questões: "Como narrar o fazer das rendas de bilros de modo a trazer minhas observações e descrições sem tornar o processo estanque e previamente controlado?"; "Como mostrar os movimentos do fazer?". Para respondê-las, tive que pensar um texto que pudesse expressar alguns movimentos emaranhados das rendeiras com os materiais: o ato de operar com as linhas dos desenhos no papelão, enquanto guias na condução das rendeiras e os movimentos de troca de bilros entrelaçando as linhas de algodão, formando os pontos e gerando uma superfície tecida de renda. Na pesquisa segui os materiais, no intuito de mostrar modos de conhecer as coisas e algumas relações que elas engendram. Apoiando-me nos conceitos de Ingold (2007; 2011; 2013) como os de fazer, linhas, movimentos, superfícies, materiais, traços e gestos e de uma antropologia gráfica, experimento, na pesquisa, compor diferentes grafias na construção do texto e evidenciar a importância da discussão. E contar como essas questões e observações teceram a minha própria tese. Aqui acionando noções de forma e desenho, intento realizar um experimento de abrir linhas de desenhos de rendas com o intuito de evidenciar algumas formas visíveis do movimento de rendar possíveis de serem conhecidas a partir do processo de feitura das rendas. O desenho kene e as formas nas perspectivas de Lagrou (2007;2013) e Belaunde (2011; 2013;2014) orientam-me para uma associação entre os desenhos e as rendas de bilros envolvendo o corpo feminino Abstract: Based on my research about the process of making bobbin lace at Casa das Rendeiras in Ilha Grande, Piauí, I started questioning "How can I narrate the making of bobbin laces in order to bring my observations and descriptions without making this process seem stagnant and previously controlled?" "How can I show the movements of doing?" This requested me to think a text that could express some tangled movements of the lacemakers with the materials: the act of operating with the lines of the drawings in the cardboard as guides in the conduction of the lacemakers and the movements of interchange of bobbins interlacing the lines of cotton, forming the points and generating a woven surface of lace. In my investigations I followed the materials in order to show ways of knowing things and some relationships that they engender. Drawing upon Ingold's concepts (2007, 2011, 2013): making, lines, movements, surfaces, materials, traits and gestures and graphic anthropology, I experimented, in the research, to compose different spellings in the construction of the text and to evidence the importance of the discussion. And how these questions and observations made my own thesis. Working out notions of form and drawing, here, I attempted an experiment of opening lines of lace designs in order to bring some visible forms of the lacemaking movement possible to be known from the process of making bobbin lace. The kene drawing and the forms in the perspectives of Lagrou (2007; 2013) and Belaunde (2011; 2013;2014), led me towards an association between the drawings and the bobbin lace involving the female body Doutorado Antropologia Social Doutora em Antropologia Social CAPES

Introdução: A Medida da Participação e do Ambiente - Crianças e Jovens (PEM-CY) é um instrumento que avalia a participação desses indivíduos nos ambientes da casa, da escola e da comunidade, a partir da percepção de seus pais e/ou responsáveis. Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente a PEM-CY para o português do Brasil. Método: O processo de adaptação transcultural foi composto por cinco estágios: (I) Adaptação inicial para o português do Brasil; (II) Síntese das versões; (III) Retrotradução; (IV) Comitê de especialistas; (V) Compreensão pelos pais e retrotradução para aprovação final. Resultados: As adaptações implementadas visaram favorecer a fluência na leitura, bem como facilitar a interpretação e compreensão do questionário. O título sofreu alteração e alguns termos foram substituídos nas instruções para pesquisa. Mais exemplos foram adicionados a algumas atividades das seções de participação e ambiente dos três ambientes, e algumas palavras foram alteradas para expressões mais equivalentes à linguagem popular. Conclusão: A versão adaptada para o português do Brasil disponibiliza um instrumento inovador de avaliação da participação e do ambiente de crianças e jovens que poderá ser utilizado em diferentes cenários de prática e pesquisa.

Introduction: The International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health (ICF) determines that for any health condition, functionality is the result of the multidirectional relationship between the positive aspects of the components of body structures and functions, activities, participation and contextual factors, encompassing personal and environmental factors. Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the “F-Words Tools” into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: Permission to translate was granted by the authors. After reading and understanding the instruments, a researcher performed a non-certified translation into Brazilian Portuguese. Next, the back translation into English was done by a specialist in both languages without prior knowledge of the original versions. The result of the back translation was sent to the authors of the instrument for verification of semantics and content. Based on the authors' recommendations and the results of translation analyses, there was no need for cultural adaptation. Results: The back translation was approved by the authors, indicating that the Brazilian Portuguese version of all instruments was adequate. The translated titles are: Termo de Compromisso (Agreement), Colagem (Collage), Perfil (Profile) and Folha de Metas (Goal Sheet). The ICF framework was entitled: “The ICF model and My Favorite Words”. The material is available free of charge at the CanChild website. Conclusion: The translation into Brazilian Portuguese allows materials to be used in Brazil to disseminate the concepts of the ICF and the “F-words” in clinical and family settings. Resumo Introdução: A Classificação Internacional de Funciona-lidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) determina que para qualquer condição de saúde, a funcionalidade é o resultado da relação multidirecional entre os aspectos positivos dos componentes de estruturas e funções do corpo, atividades, participação e fatores contextuais, que englobam os fatores pessoais e ambientais. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as “F-Words Tools” para o português brasileiro. Métodos: A tradução foi autorizada pelos autores. Após leitura e entendimento dos instrumentos, uma tradução livre para o português brasileiro foi realizada por uma pesquisadora. Posteriormente, realizou-se a retro-tradução para o inglês por um especialista em ambos os idiomas e sem conhecimento prévio das versões originais. O resultado da retro-tradução foi enviado aos autores do instrumento para verificação de semântica e de conteúdo. Resultados: A aprovação da retro-tradução foi obtida pelos autores, indicando que a versão em português brasileiro de todos os instrumentos estava adequada. Os títulos traduzidos são: Termo de Compromisso (Agreement), Colagem (Collage), Perfil (Profile) e Folha de Metas (Goal Sheet). O modelo da CIF intitulou-se: “O modelo da CIF e Minhas Palavras Favoritas”. O material está disponibilizado gratuitamente no site do CanChild. Não foi necessária adaptação cultural, segundo recomendação dos autores e o conteúdo dos instrumentos traduzidos. Conclusão: A tradução para o português brasileiro possibilita o uso desses materiais no Brasil, de modo a disseminar os conceitos da CIF e das “Minhas Palavras Favoritas” em âmbitos clínicos e familiares.

Introduction Social isolation and lifestyle changes provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic have negatively affected the level of physical activity of the elderly people. Objective To evaluate the available evidence related to the level of physical activity (PA) of elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a systematic review, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021241116), which included cross-sectional and cohort studies. Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to search for the studies. Finally, the New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to measure the quality of the studies. Results 25 studies were found, being 14 cross-sectional and 11 cohort studies. The studies showed that the elderly population was highly affected in relation to the level of physical activity and lifestyle during restrictions, quarantine and lockdowns caused by the COVID-19. There was a significant reduction in physical activity levels, leading to declines in physical fitness and increased sedentary lifestyle, factors directly related to the increase in frailty in this population. Conclusion The level of physical activity in the elderly population decreased during the quarantine period of COVID-19 worldwide. Strategies to maintain physical condition must be encouraged with physical exercises that meets the needs of the elderly in the current pandemic scenario, in order to maintain and improve the health of this population.

Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) present severe motor disability and can benefit from early powered mobility. The Go Zika Go project uses modified ride-on toy cars, which may advance the body functions, activities, and participation of children. This paper describes the study protocol aiming to assess the feasibility of a modified ride-on car intervention for children with CZS in Brazil. A mixed-methods design with a multiple 1-week baseline, 3-month intervention, and 1-month follow-up will be implemented. Modified ride-on car training sessions will be conducted three times a week at the participants’ home or in the clinic. The primary outcome will be a narrative description of study feasibility (photovoice method, focus groups, parent feasibility questionnaire and assessment of learning powered mobility). Secondary outcomes will be switch activation, driving sessions journal, social-cognitive interactions, mobility (pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test), goal attainment scaling (GAS), and participation (young children’s participation and environment measure). Go Zika Go is expected to be viable and to improve function, activity, and participation of children with CZS, providing a low-cost, evidence-based rehabilitation option that will be relevant to early child development in a global perspective.

It is time to stay home. This is the global call to fight the advance of the most recently discovered coronavirus causing coronavirus disease COVID-19 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). While...

AIM To explore cortical activation during bimanual tasks and functional correlates in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD This cross-sectional study included eight participants with unilateral CP (six females, two males; mean age [SD] 20y 10mo [5y 10mo], 13y 8mo-31y 6mo) in Manual Ability Classification System levels II to III and nine age-matched participants with typical development (seven females, two males; mean age [SD] 17y 8mo [5y 7mo], 9y 4mo-24y 2mo). They performed bimanual symmetric squeezing (BSS) and bimanual asymmetric squeezing (BAS) tasks at 1Hz, and a pouring task with dominant hand (DPour) and a pouring task with non-dominant hand (NDPour) at 0.67Hz, all while a custom array of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optodes were placed over their sensorimotor area. Mixed-effects were used to contrast groups, tasks, and hemispheres (corrected p-values [q] reported). Analysis of variance and t-tests compared performance measures across groups and tasks. RESULTS Participants with unilateral CP showed greater activation in both hemispheres during BAS (non-lesioned: q

Aim To investigate suit-orthosis effects on postural sway during anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APA and CPA, respectively) in a seated reaching task performed by children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Twenty-nine children were divided according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) I and II-III. Participants were instructed to reach forward toward an object both in a no-suit condition and in a suit-orthosis condition. Results Using the suit-orthosis, children at MACS II-III decreased velocity of center-of-pressure (CoP) sway during APA, whereas children at MACS I increased the anterior-posterior CoP displacement during CPA. Conclusion Suit-orthosis improved postural stability in children at MACS II-III during APA. The suit may assist with arm function control during postural sway when preparing to reach for objects. Clinical implications Suit-orthoses in therapy should be individually prescribed considering the intended activity and person's motor impairment.

Spanish and Portuguese translations of this editorial are available in the online issue.

The outbreak of Zika in Brazil almost 3 years ago had harmful medical, financial, and social consequences for children and their families. It also significantly increased the statistics of Brazilian children with disabilities being followed up in rehabilitation centers. Actions promoting the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework are encouraged in view of the complex health needs identified in this population, which cover all areas of functioning, and gain special relevance when it comes to a vulnerable context. This perspective article discusses the challenges related to the implementation of the ICF in rehabilitation services for children with congenital syndrome.

Dystonia is a disabling motor disorder often without effective therapies. To better understand the genesis of dystonia after childhood stroke, we analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in this population.Resting spectral power of EEG signals over bilateral sensorimotor cortices (Powrest), resting inter-hemispheric sensorimotor coherence (Cohrest), and task-related changes in power (TRPow) and coherence (TRCoh) during wrist extension were analyzed in individuals with dystonia (age 20±3years) and healthy volunteers (age 17±5years).Ipsilesional TRPow decrease was significantly lower in patients than controls during the more affected wrist task. Force deficits of the affected wrist correlated with reduced alpha TRPow decrease on the ipsilesional and not the contralesional hemisphere. Cohrest was significantly lower in patients than controls, and correlated with more severe dystonia and poorer hand function. Powrest and TRCoh were similar between groups.The association between weakness and cortical activation during wrist extension highlights the importance of ipsilesional sensorimotor activation on function. Reduction of Cohrest in patients reflects a loss of inter-hemispheric connectivity that may result from structural changes and neuroplasticity, potentially contributing to the development of dystonia.Cortical and motor dysfunction are correlated in patients with childhood stroke and may in part explain the genesis of dystonia.

To compare gross motor performance of children with Down syndrome (DS) and typical development (TD) at 2 to 4 months (Phase I) and at 2 years of age (Phase II) and to investigate the relation between early motor performance and later outcome.Seventeen infants (10 with TD and 7 with DS) were assessed in Phase I using the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP); 25 children were assessed in Phase II using the gross motor scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III); 10 participants were enrolled in both phases.TIMP and Bayley-III scores were lower in the DS group. In both groups, TIMP z scores were predictive of Bayley-III scores.Children with DS show difficulties in early postural control and activities requiring speed, postural control, and balance. The finding that early performance relates to later outcome reinforces the relevance of early and task-specific intervention.

The development of bimanual actions reflects perceptual, motor and cognitive processes, as well as the functional connectivity between brain hemispheres. We investigated the development of uni- and bimanual actions in typically-developing (TD) infants and infants with Down syndrome (DS) while they reached for objects with varying sizes. Eight TD infants and seven infants with DS (ages 4 to 8 months) were tested at several stages of reaching experience. Movement strategies at movement initiation, object touching and grasping were recorded. With reaching experience, typical infants increased ability to anticipate reaching strategies, and independent use of the hands according to task demands. Strategies used by infants with DS were mostly compensatory rather than anticipatory, and showed a weaker tendency for interlimb coupling at early ages. These differences may underlie functional limitations, and should be subject to early intervention.

This study describes infants’ behaviors with objects in relation to age, body position, and object properties. Object behaviors were assessed longitudinally in 22 healthy infants supine, prone, and sitting from birth through 2 years. Results reveal: (1) infants learn to become intense and sophisticated explorers within the first 6 months of life; (2) young infants dynamically and rapidly shift among a variety of behavioral combinations to gather information; (3) behaviors on objects develop along different trajectories so that behavioral profiles vary across time; (4) object behaviors are generally similar in supine and sitting but diminished in prone; and (5) infants begin matching certain behaviors to object properties as newborns. These data demonstrate how infants learn to match their emerging behaviors with changing positional constraints and object affordances.

The authors assessed bilateral motor and sensory function in individuals with upper limb dystonia due to unilateral perinatal stroke and explored interrelationships of motor function and sensory ability. Reach kinematics and tactile sensation were measured in 7 participants with dystonia and 9 healthy volunteers. The dystonia group had poorer motor (hold time, reach time, shoulder/elbow correlation) and sensory (spatial discrimination, stereognosis) outcomes than the control group on the nondominant side. On the dominant side, only sensation (spatial discrimination, stereognosis) was poorer in the dystonia group compared with the control group. In the dystonia group, although sensory and motor outcomes were uncorrelated, dystonia severity was related to poorer stereognosis, longer hold and reach times, and decreased shoulder/elbow coordination. Findings of bilateral sensory deficits in dystonia can be explained by neural reorganization. Visual compensation for somatosensory changes in the nonstroke hemisphere may explain the lack of bilateral impairments in reaching.

A síndrome de Angelman (SA) é caracterizada por alterações neuromotoras como marcha atáxica e atraso na aquisição de habilidades motoras, porém são escassos os estudos investigando o efeito de intervenções aplicadas a essa população. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito de um treino de equilíbrio em uma criança com SA. Participou do estudo uma criança de nove anos de idade com diagnóstico de SA, sexo feminino. Foi aplicado um protocolo para treino de equilíbrio por oito semanas, com frequência de duas vezes por semana. O treino consistiu em atividades envolvendo equilíbrio estático sob diversas condições de dificuldade. Após o treino, a análise de biofotogrametria computadorizada do equilíbrio estático revelou redução do grau de oscilação, que passou de 38° para 13,78°. A pontuação na escala de Berg passou de 27 pontos, na avaliação, para 37 pontos na reavaliação. No teste Timed Up & Go, a criança realizou a tarefa em 15 segundos, na avaliação, e, na reavaliação, em 12 segundos. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o treino favoreceu melhora no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, bem como na mobilidade funcional.El síndrome de Angelman (SA) es caracterizado por alteraciones neuromotoras como marcha atáxica y atraso en la adquisición de habilidades motoras, pero son escasos los estudios investigando el efecto de intervenciones aplicadas a esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el efecto de un entrenamiento del equilibrio en un niño con SA. Participó del estudio un niño de 9 años de edad con diagnóstico de SA, sexo femenino. Fue aplicado un protocolo de entrenamiento para el equilibrio por 8 semanas, con frecuencia de 2 veces por semana. El entrenamiento consistió en actividades involucrando el equilibrio estático sobre diversas condiciones de dificultad. Después del entrenamiento el análisis de biofotogrametría computarizada del equilibrio estático reveló reducción de los grados de oscilación, que pasó de 38° para 13,78°. La puntuación en la escala de Berg pasó de 27 puntos en la evaluación para 37 puntos en la reevaluación. En el test Timed up and go la niña realizó la tarea en 15 segundos en la evaluación y 12 segundos en la reevaluación. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento favoreció la mejora en el equilibrio estático y dinámico, así como de la movilidad funcional.The Angelman syndrome is characterized by neuromotor difficulties, such as ataxic gait and delayed acquisition of motor skills. However, there are few studies investigating the effect of interventions directed to this population. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a balance training in a child with Angelman syndrome. The participant was a nine-year-old girl. The training protocol was implemented during an eight-week period, twice a week, and consisted of activities involving static balance under various difficulty levels. After the training, the postural sway measured by biophotogrammetry changed from 38° to 13.78°. The scores in the Berg scale changed from 27 points to 37 points. In the Timed Up & Go test, the child's time to complete the task changed from 15 to 12 seconds. Taken together, the results suggest that the training led to improved static and dynamic balance, as well as functional mobility.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) e crianças típicas quanto ao desempenho motor fino, avaliado pela Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition (BSITD-III), e o desempenho em autocuidado segundo o Inventário Pediátrico de Avaliação de Incapacidade (PEDI); e investigar associação entre ambos os domínios. Participaram 12 crianças típicas e 12 crianças com SD, avaliadas na idade de 2 anos. As crianças com SD apresentaram desempenho motor fino e funcionalidade inferior às crianças típicas, possivelmente por dificuldades em desempenhar tarefas que exijam destreza e coordenação manual, como as que compõem a BSITD-III. Apesar disso, sua pontuação em autocuidado foi adequada para a faixa etária, possivelmente porque as habilidades funcionais exigidas nesse período, como retirar calçados/vestimenta, impõem menor demanda motora fina do que tarefas da BSITD-III. Esse fato pode ter contribuído para o bom desempenho funcional das crianças com SD, e para a ausência de associação entre os domínios. Fatores como os cuidados oferecidos à criança pelos cuidadores, bem como ambientes estimuladores provavelmente também contribuíram para os resultados.The aim of study was to compare typically-developing children and children with Down syndrome (DS) for their fine motor performance, measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition (BSITD-III), and for their functional performance in self-care, measured by the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Associations between these areas were also investigated. Twelve typically-developing children and 12 children with DS were assessed at the age of 2 years. The children with DS performed poorly in fine motor skills when compared with typical children, which may be explained by the complex motor skills involved in the BSITD-III's tasks. Their self-care scores were also lower in comparison with the typical children. However, these scores fell under the average performance for children without disabilities, which may be explained by the low complexity, in terms of fine motor skills, of functional tasks expected for children at that age (eg.: taking shoes/pants off). This finding has probably contributed to the lack of correlation between the areas. Factors such as the assistance provided by the caregivers, and environmental stimulation, may also have contributed to the results.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) e crianças típicas quanto ao desempenho motor fino, avaliado pela Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition (BSITD-III), e o desempenho em autocuidado segundo o Inventário Pediátrico de Avaliação de Incapacidade (PEDI); e investigar associação entre ambos os domínios. Participaram 12 crianças típicas e 12 crianças com SD, avaliadas na idade de 2 anos. As crianças com SD apresentaram desempenho motor fino e funcionalidade inferior às crianças típicas, possivelmente por dificuldades em desempenhar tarefas que exijam destreza e coordenação manual, como as que compõem a BSITD-III. Apesar disso, sua pontuação em autocuidado foi adequada para a faixa etária, possivelmente porque as habilidades funcionais exigidas nesse período, como retirar calçados/vestimenta, impõem menor demanda motora fina do que tarefas da BSITD-III. Esse fato pode ter contribuído para o bom desempenho funcional das crianças com SD, e para a ausência de associação entre os domínios. Fatores como os cuidados oferecidos à criança pelos cuidadores, bem como ambientes estimuladores provavelmente também contribuíram para os resultados.

Purpose: Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered as a proxy biomarker for prenatal hormonal exposure and may represent an individual’s predisposition to breast cancer. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether there is a link between digit ratio and breast cancer in a Brazilian population.Methods: Digital measurements of the lengths of the index and ring fingers of both hands were obtained from women with breast cancer (n = 100) and age-matched controls (n = 100) using a digital Vernier calliper. Mean digit ratios of right hands, left hands, and right minus left hand 2D:4D (DR-L) were compared between both groups. Data were analysed by the Student's t-test for unpaired samples, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman`s correlation with a significance level of 5%.Results: The patients with breast cancer presented significantly higher right and left 2D:4D (both p < 0.001) and higher DR-L (p = 0.032) than controls. Among breast cancer cases, there was a significantly negative correlation between left 2D:4D and age diagnosed with breast cancer (p = 0.018).Conclusion: Digit ratio offers a valid retrospective biomarker of action of prenatal hormones and might be associated with breast cancer risk and age at onset of breast cancer. It suggests that higher exposure or sensitivity to prenatal oestrogen might be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer and with earlier onset of the disease.

O estudo visou avaliar o desempenho motor e sensorial de lactentes com e sem síndrome de Down (SD) aos seis meses de vida. Foram avaliados oito lactentes, sendo quatro com SD e quatro típicos, com 24 semanas de vida. Para verificar o desempenho motor foi utilizada a escala motora infantil de Alberta (AIMS), nas posturas supina, prona, sentada e em pé. O desempenho sensorial foi avaliado por meio de entrevista com o cuidador da criança utilizando o perfil sensorial infantil ITSP (infant/toddler sensory profile), que classifica comportamentos sensoriais como de"baixo registro" (dificuldade em registrar estímulos sensoriais), busca de estímulos, excessiva sensibilidade a estímulos e comportamentos de evitar estímulos. Os resultados no ITSP mostram que os lactentes com SD obtiveram piores escores em baixo registro, possivelmente por apresentarem altos limiares neurológicos, demorando mais para responder aos estímulos. Na AIMS os lactentes com SD tiveram um desempenho inferior quando comparados aos típicos na subescala prono, o que pode advir de dificuldades no controle postural e antigravitacional. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os escores do ITSP e da AIMS. Os resultados sugerem que os lactentes com SD podem se engajar com menos freqüência em atividades de interação com o ambiente, tanto por dificuldade em registrar estímulos cotidianos (como diferentes sons e pessoas), quanto por dificuldade em explorar o meio utilizando habilidades motoras.The study aimed at assessing motor and sensory performance of infants with Down syndrome (DS) comparing them to typical infants at the age of six months. Eight infants - 4 with typical development, 4 with DS - were assessed as to motor performance by the Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) at supine, prone, sitting, and standing positions. Sensory performance was assessed by using the Infant/toddler sensory profile (ITSP), which classifies sensorial behaviours as"low registration" (difficulty in detecting sensory stimuli), sensation seeking, excessive sensitivity to stimuli, and sensation avoiding behaviours. Results show that infants with DS had significantly lower scores in low registration when compared to typical infants, suggesting that their higher sensory threshold lead to longer reaction times. At the AIMS, infants with DS had lower performance when compared to typical infants at the prone subscale, which may be due to deficits in postural and antigravity control. No correlation was found between ITSP and AIMS scores. Results then suggest that infants with Down syndrome may less frequently engage in environmental interactions, probably due both to difficulty in perceiving day-to-day stimuli (like diverse sounds or people's) and difficulty to explore the environment by using their limited motor abilities.

Visou-se identificar o perfil psicomotor de crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico e verificar o efeito nelas de um programa de intervenção psicomotora. Participaram do estudo seis crianças do sexo masculino, na faixa de 10 a 12 anos (11,5±0,92). Os participantes foram avaliados utilizando-se uma bateria psicomotora que avalia sete fatores psicomotores: tonicidade, equilibração, lateralização, noção do corpo, estruturação espaço-temporal, praxia global e fina; de acordo com o desempenho da criança, os fatores são pontuados de 1 a 4; o escore 1 refere-se ao perfil apráxico, 2 ao dispráxico, 3 ao eupráxico e 4 ao hiperpráxico. Com base nas dificuldades detectadas foi elaborado um programa de intervenção psicomotora, aplicado durante três meses, em 16 sessões de uma hora de duração, duas vezes por semana. Ao término da intervenção os participantes foram reavaliados. Pela avaliação inicial, o perfil dos participantes foi predominantemente eupráxico nos fatores equilibração, lateralização, noção do corpo, praxia global e praxia fina; nos fatores tonicidade e estruturação espaço-temporal o perfil foi predominantemente dispráxico. Após o programa de intervenção houve aumento estatisticamente significativo (pThis study aimed at outlining the psychomotor profile of socioeconomically disadvantaged children and at verifying the effect on them of an assessment-based psychomotor training program. Participants were six 10-to-12 year-old children (mean age 11.5±0.92), who were evaluated before and after the program by means of a psychomotor battery which assesses seven categories: tonus, equilibrium, lateralisation, body perception, time-space orientation, gross and fine praxis; scores range from 1 to 4, determining the following profiles: 1, apraxic; 2, dyspraxic; 3, eupraxic; 4, hyperpraxic. By drawing on children's difficulties, a psychomotor playing program was applied during 3 months, in 16 one-hour sessions, twice a week. The initial evaluation showed participants profile to be predominantly eupraxic in equilibrium, lateralisation, body perception, gross and fine praxis; profile was mostly dyspraxic as to tonus and time-space orientation. After the program, scores significantly improved in tonus, equilibration, time-space orientation, gross, and fine praxis (p

Functional reaching is impaired in dystonia. Here, we analyze upper extremity kinematics to quantify timing and coordination abnormalities during unimanual reach-to-grasp movements in individuals with childhood-onset unilateral wrist dystonia. Kinematics were measured during movements of both upper limbs in a patient group ( ${\rm n} = 11,$ ${\hbox {age}} = 17.5 \pm 5$ years), and a typically developing control group ( ${\rm n} = 9,$ ${\hbox {age}} = 16.6 \pm 5$ years). Hand aperture was computed to study the coordination of reach and grasp. Time-varying joint synergies within one upper limb were calculated using a novel technique based on principal component analysis to study intra-limb coordination. In the non-dominant arm, results indicate reduced coordination between reach and grasp in patients who could not lift the grasped object compared to those who could lift it. Lifters exhibit incoordination in distal upper extremity joints later in the movement and non-lifters lacked coordination throughout the movement and in the whole upper limb. The amount of atypical coordination correlates with dystonia severity in patients. Reduced coordination during movement may reflect deficits in the execution of simultaneous movements, motor planning, or muscle activation. Rehabilitation efforts can focus on particular time points when kinematic patterns deviate abnormally to improve functional reaching in individuals with childhood-onset dystonia.

There are several advantages that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents in the study of the neural control of human movement. It is relatively flexible with respect to participant positioning and allows for some head movements during tasks. Additionally, it is inexpensive, light weight, and portable, with very few contraindications to its use. This presents a unique opportunity to study functional brain activity during motor tasks in individuals who are typically developing, as well as those with movement disorders, such as cerebral palsy. An additional consideration when studying movement disorders, however, is the quality of actual movements performed and the potential for additional, unintended movements. Therefore, concurrent monitoring of both blood flow changes in the brain and actual movements of the body during testing is required for appropriate interpretation of fNIRS results. Here, we show a protocol for the combination of fNIRS with muscle and kinematic monitoring during motor tasks. We explore gait, a unilateral multi-joint movement (cycling), and two unilateral single-joint movements (isolated ankle dorsiflexion, and isolated hand squeezing). The techniques presented can be useful in studying both typical and atypical motor control, and can be modified to investigate a broad range of tasks and scientific questions.

Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os diversos modos de existência das rendas de bilros confeccionadas pelas mulheres rendeiras da "Casa das Rendeiras", no município de Ilha Grande (Morros de Mariana, PI-Brasil) em seu processo de produção e confecção, desde a coleta da matéria-prima até a comercialização das rendas. Uma etnografia que busca alcançar, ainda que provisória ou sucintamente, as relações que se constituem entre rendas e rendeiras no espaço da Casa. Tomando como referência teórica o autor Ingold (2007, 2012) interessa-me expressar e enfatizar as diversas relações que se estabelecem entre rendas e rendeiras nos movimentos das linhas que compõem os pontos das rendas. Para expressar as diversas relações que pude apreender no local, baseio-me no desenho de meshwork, tal como proposto por Ingold (2012), em que as linhas são os vestígios dos materiais das rendas conjuntamente com o conhecimento técnico e habilidade de cada rendeira mostrando o aprendizado de rendar, a técnica, as relações das rendeiras na Casa, enquanto um espaço de sociabilidade e, ainda os aspectos emocionais e estéticos envolvidos no ofício de rendar. Nessa perspectiva, o ofício de rendar é pensada como um modo de conhecimento transmitido na Casa das Rendeiras na relação rendas e rendeiras Abstract: This work has as objective to investigate the several ways of the existence of bobbins lace made by the lace-makers, women from "Casa das Rendeiras", in Ilha Grande (Morros de Mariana, PI-Brazil), in its production and confection process, from the very gathering of the raw material to the sale of the laces. It presents an ethnography that intends to apprehend, though briefly, the relations that are constituted between laces and lace-makers in the space of Casa das Rendeiras. Drawing upon Ingold¿s theoretical ideas, my interest is to focus on the several relations established between the laces and lace-makers in the movements of lines that shape the lace¿s points. In order to express the relations observed in the place I took for basis the meshwork drawing as proposed by Ingold (2012), where the lines are traces of the lace¿s material conjugated to the technical knowledge and the ability of each lace-maker showing the lace making learning, the technique, the lace-makers relations in Casa das Rendeiras as a place of sociability, and yet the emotional and aesthetic aspects involved in the work of making laces. Upon this perspective the work of making laces is thought as a kind of knowledge transmitted in Casa das Rendeiras in the relation between laces and lace-makers Mestrado Antropologia Social Mestra em Antropologia Social

There is anatomical and functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex (M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) that plays a role in sensorimotor integration. In this study, we applied corticocortical paired-associative stimuli to ipsilateral PPC and M1 (parietal ccPAS) in healthy right-handed subjects to test if this procedure could modulate M1 excitability and PPC–M1 connectivity. One hundred and eighty paired transcranial magnetic stimuli to the PPC and M1 at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 8 ms were delivered at 0.2 Hz. We found that parietal ccPAS in the left hemisphere increased the excitability of conditioned left M1 assessed by motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the input–output curve. Motor behavior assessed by the Purdue pegboard task was unchanged compared with controls. At baseline, conditioning stimuli over the left PPC potentiated MEPs from left M1 when ISI was 8 ms. This interaction significantly attenuated at 60 min after left parietal ccPAS. Additional experiments showed that parietal ccPAS induced plasticity was timing-dependent, was absent if ISI was 100 ms, and could also be seen in the right hemisphere. Our results suggest that parietal ccPAS can modulate M1 excitability and PPC–M1 connectivity and is a new approach to modify motor excitability and sensorimotor interaction.

A síndrome de Angelman (SA) é caracterizada por alterações neuromotoras como marcha atáxica e atraso na aquisição de habilidades motoras, porém são escassos os estudos investigando o efeito de intervenções aplicadas a essa população. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito de um treino de equilíbrio em uma criança com SA. Participou do estudo uma criança de nove anos de idade com diagnóstico de SA, sexo feminino. Foi aplicado um protocolo para treino de equilíbrio por oito semanas, com frequência de duas vezes por semana. O treino consistiu em atividades envolvendo equilíbrio estático sob diversas condições de dificuldade. Após o treino, a análise de biofotogrametria computadorizada do equilíbrio estático revelou redução do grau de oscilação, que passou de 38° para 13,78°. A pontuação na escala de Berg passou de 27 pontos, na avaliação, para 37 pontos na reavaliação. No teste Timed Up & Go, a criança realizou a tarefa em 15 segundos, na avaliação, e, na reavaliação, em 12 segundos. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o treino favoreceu melhora no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, bem como na mobilidade funcional. The Angelman syndrome is characterized by neuromotor difficulties, such as ataxic gait and delayed acquisition of motor skills. However, there are few studies investigating the effect of interventions directed to this population. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a balance training in a child with Angelman syndrome. The participant was a nine-year-old girl. The training protocol was implemented during an eight-week period, twice a week, and consisted of activities involving static balance under various difficulty levels. After the training, the postural sway measured by biophotogrammetry changed from 38° to 13.78°. The scores in the Berg scale changed from 27 points to 37 points. In the Timed Up & Go test, the child's time to complete the task changed from 15 to 12 seconds. Taken together, the results suggest that the training led to improved static and dynamic balance, as well as functional mobility. El síndrome de Angelman (SA) es caracterizado por alteraciones neuromotoras como marcha atáxica y atraso en la adquisición de habilidades motoras, pero son escasos los estudios investigando el efecto de intervenciones aplicadas a esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el efecto de un entrenamiento del equilibrio en un niño con SA. Participó del estudio un niño de 9 años de edad con diagnóstico de SA, sexo femenino. Fue aplicado un protocolo de entrenamiento para el equilibrio por 8 semanas, con frecuencia de 2 veces por semana. El entrenamiento consistió en actividades involucrando el equilibrio estático sobre diversas condiciones de dificultad. Después del entrenamiento el análisis de biofotogrametría computarizada del equilibrio estático reveló reducción de los grados de oscilación, que pasó de 38° para 13,78°. La puntuación en la escala de Berg pasó de 27 puntos en la evaluación para 37 puntos en la reevaluación. En el test Timed up and go la niña realizó la tarea en 15 segundos en la evaluación y 12 segundos en la reevaluación. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento favoreció la mejora en el equilibrio estático y dinámico, así como de la movilidad funcional.

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia das Organizações e do Trabalho, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra O presente estudo teve como objectivo compreender as percepções que os técnicos, de uma instituição de referência na área da deficiência, têm acerca da integração socioprofissional de pessoas portadoras de deficiência mental. Dado que, através da revisão de literatura, se constatou a escassez de informação científica acerca desta temática, é nosso objectivo primordial, contribuir para a desmistificação do tema e negativismo associado ao mesmo. Pretendemos também fazer uma breve discussão acerca da influência destas percepções na opinião da população geral. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions that technicians of an institution of reference in the disability field have about the socio-professional integration of people with mental disabilities. Since, through the literature review was noted the scarcity of scientific information about this topic, it is our primary objective, to help demystify the subject and negativity associated with it. We also intend to make a brief discussion about the influence of these perceptions in the opinion of the general population.

O estudo visou avaliar o desempenho motor e sensorial de lactentes com e sem síndrome de Down (SD) aos seis meses de vida. Foram avaliados oito lactentes, sendo quatro com SD e quatro típicos, com 24 semanas de vida. Para verificar o desempenho motor foi utilizada a escala motora infantil de Alberta (AIMS), nas posturas supina, prona, sentada e em pé. O desempenho sensorial foi avaliado por meio de entrevista com o cuidador da criança utilizando o perfil sensorial infantil ITSP (infant/toddler sensory profile), que classifica comportamentos sensoriais como de"baixo registro" (dificuldade em registrar estímulos sensoriais), busca de estímulos, excessiva sensibilidade a estímulos e comportamentos de evitar estímulos. Os resultados no ITSP mostram que os lactentes com SD obtiveram piores escores em baixo registro, possivelmente por apresentarem altos limiares neurológicos, demorando mais para responder aos estímulos. Na AIMS os lactentes com SD tiveram um desempenho inferior quando comparados aos típicos na subescala prono, o que pode advir de dificuldades no controle postural e antigravitacional. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os escores do ITSP e da AIMS. Os resultados sugerem que os lactentes com SD podem se engajar com menos freqüência em atividades de interação com o ambiente, tanto por dificuldade em registrar estímulos cotidianos (como diferentes sons e pessoas), quanto por dificuldade em explorar o meio utilizando habilidades motoras. The study aimed at assessing motor and sensory performance of infants with Down syndrome (DS) comparing them to typical infants at the age of six months. Eight infants - 4 with typical development, 4 with DS - were assessed as to motor performance by the Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) at supine, prone, sitting, and standing positions. Sensory performance was assessed by using the Infant/toddler sensory profile (ITSP), which classifies sensorial behaviours as"low registration" (difficulty in detecting sensory stimuli), sensation seeking, excessive sensitivity to stimuli, and sensation avoiding behaviours. Results show that infants with DS had significantly lower scores in low registration when compared to typical infants, suggesting that their higher sensory threshold lead to longer reaction times. At the AIMS, infants with DS had lower performance when compared to typical infants at the prone subscale, which may be due to deficits in postural and antigravity control. No correlation was found between ITSP and AIMS scores. Results then suggest that infants with Down syndrome may less frequently engage in environmental interactions, probably due both to difficulty in perceiving day-to-day stimuli (like diverse sounds or people's) and difficulty to explore the environment by using their limited motor abilities.

Visou-se identificar o perfil psicomotor de crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico e verificar o efeito nelas de um programa de intervenção psicomotora. Participaram do estudo seis crianças do sexo masculino, na faixa de 10 a 12 anos (11,5±0,92). Os participantes foram avaliados utilizando-se uma bateria psicomotora que avalia sete fatores psicomotores: tonicidade, equilibração, lateralização, noção do corpo, estruturação espaço-temporal, praxia global e fina; de acordo com o desempenho da criança, os fatores são pontuados de 1 a 4; o escore 1 refere-se ao perfil apráxico, 2 ao dispráxico, 3 ao eupráxico e 4 ao hiperpráxico. Com base nas dificuldades detectadas foi elaborado um programa de intervenção psicomotora, aplicado durante três meses, em 16 sessões de uma hora de duração, duas vezes por semana. Ao término da intervenção os participantes foram reavaliados. Pela avaliação inicial, o perfil dos participantes foi predominantemente eupráxico nos fatores equilibração, lateralização, noção do corpo, praxia global e praxia fina; nos fatores tonicidade e estruturação espaço-temporal o perfil foi predominantemente dispráxico. Após o programa de intervenção houve aumento estatisticamente significativo (p