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The purpose of this study is to compare the use of elaborated and metacognitive feedback strategies in interactive instructional videos in terms of undergraduate students' engagement and metacognitive awareness levels. This study also aims to investigate undergraduate students' evaluations of elaborated and metacognitive feedback in these instructional videos based on qualitative data. This study used a basic randomized post-test-only experimental design comparing two treatments supported by qualitative data. The participants were 52 preservice teachers who registered for an undergraduate educational technology course offered by a faculty of education. They were randomly assigned to the metacognitive and the elaborated feedback groups. The data were collected with the Short Form of the User Engagement Scale and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. In addition, qualitative data were collected through interviews and used to examine students' evaluations of the elaborated and metacognitive feedback used in the interactive instructional videos. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two types of feedback in terms of students' engagement and metacognitive awareness levels. The qualitative findings indicated that while the two types of feedback did not provide a significant superiority over each other, students viewed the two types of feedback as serving different purposes. Our findings suggest that customizing the type of feedback based on students' answers and subject mastery level, or a thoughtful integration of both types of feedback, could enhance the learning experience in interactive instructional videos.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of curriculum literacy levels of primary school English teachers on the official and functional curriculum practices. In line with this purpose, an explanatory sequential design was used and qualitative data supplemented quantitative insights. The study was carried out in various primary schools on the European Side of Istanbul in the second semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The participants of the study consisted of 98 English teachers for the quantitative part. For the qualitative part, six teachers were selected by the maximum variation sampling method. The quantitative data of the study were collected with the Curriculum Literacy Scale. Standard deviation, mean and independent groups t-test were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using the descriptive analysis method through the In-Class Program Compatibility Observation Form. In the analysis of the data, a classification was made for the cognitive process and the knowledge dimensions of Bloom's revised taxonomy for the objectives. In the teaching process and evaluation elements, a comparison was made with the relevant items of the primary school English curriculum. Quantitative results show notably high curriculum literacy levels among primary school English teachers, particularly in reading. Qualitative findings reveal that highly curriculum-literate teachers are better aligned with the official curriculum, while lower literacy levels yield greater compatibility in learning experiences. The study concludes that higher curriculum literacy corresponds to better curriculum alignment among teachers.

In COVID-19 pandemic process, teachers paid effort to use Web 2.0 tools to make their classes interactive and more interesting in distance education. Central institutions have also planned and implemented various in-service trainings to support usage of technology by teachers. In the 2021-2022 academic year, distance education was terminated and face-to-face education was readopted. It can be argued that it is not acceptable to return to learning-teaching process in the classrooms without technology after two years of technology-based progress experienced with all the stakeholders of education. For this reason, it is important to make effective use of various web 2.0 tools in face-to-face education in order for students to experience and internalize technology as a teaching tool. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of social studies preservice teachers as regards the Plickers application that they experienced with secondary school students. Document analysis was used in the study. In this context, the reflective texts were used as a data source where 24 pre- service teachers shared their application experiences in the portfolios they prepared in the Information Technologies in Social Studies course. The obtained data were analyzed by document analysis consisting of review, detailed examination and interpretation steps. As a result of the study, it was determined that the preparation and application processes of Plickers were experienced as "easy" and that its advantages outnumber disadvantages.

This study aims to compare the views of science teachers on face-to-face and online STEM-based activities. The study was carried out with phenomenology; one of the qualitative research methods. Five science teachers (three female, two male) participated in the study. Data were collected with a structured interview form. Since they were in the distance education process, audio and video recordings were taken during the interviews. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to analyze the data. In the interviews, STEM-based activities of science teachers, it is seen that they mostly associate with "Physical Events" and "Science, Engineering and Entrepreneurship" from the learning fields. Teachers stated that it is easier to provide classroom management, group work, and collaboration in face-to-face STEM activities. However, in some large group studies, classroom management becomes difficult. They mentioned the physical exhaustion and the difficulty of completing the program. However, in STEM-based activities in the distance education process, the teachers stated that being in cooperation with the family is an advantage, and the problems in terms of materials, time, technological infrastructure, and mobile devices are disadvantages. According to the results of the research, it can be ensured that STEM activities can be better structured in face-to-face lessons than in the distance education process. Because in face-to-face education the characteristics of the students can be determined in advance and the course contents and teaching strategies can be prepared accordingly, communication problems (lack of technical infrastructure, internet speed problems, etc.) can be resolved.

This instrumental case study aimed to understand the development of a sense of community in a fully online course that was offered during the COVID-19 pandemic era. The study further aimed to examine how the particular course elements supported community-building processes. The data were collected through a survey of the sense of community index and semi-structured interviews conducted at the middle and end of the semester. Our findings showed that the four community elements--reinforcement, influence, membership, and shared emotional connection--were all present in this course, although to varying degrees. They also indicated that the adapted course elements for the online modality supported the community-building processes. The implications of the findings for the design of more effective online courses were discussed.

Abstract Climate change is currently one of humanity’s greatest threats. To help scholars understand the psychology of climate change, we conducted an online quasi-experimental survey on 59,508 participants from 63 countries (collected between July 2022 and July 2023). In a between-subjects design, we tested 11 interventions designed to promote climate change mitigation across four outcomes: climate change belief, support for climate policies, willingness to share information on social media, and performance on an effortful pro-environmental behavioural task. Participants also reported their demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and several other independent variables (e.g., political orientation, perceptions about the scientific consensus). In the no-intervention control group, we also measured important additional variables, such as environmentalist identity and trust in climate science. We report the collaboration procedure, study design, raw and cleaned data, all survey materials, relevant analysis scripts, and data visualisations. This dataset can be used to further the understanding of psychological, demographic, and national-level factors related to individual-level climate action and how these differ across countries.

Despite receiving little attention in the scientific literature, earthquakes are known to affect sleep patterns indirectly and can contribute to the development or worsening of sleep disorders. Earthquake-caused disruptions, such as structural damage, displacement, and unstable living conditions, create uncomfortable and anxious sleeping environments. Psychological factors such as fear, stress, and anxiety can contribute to sleep disruption. Physical injuries from earthquakes can disrupt sleep due to pain and discomfort. Additionally, infrastructure disruptions such as power outages and utility damage create uncomfortable or unsafe sleeping conditions. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the relationship between earthquakes and sleep health.

The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-genotoxic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) against DNA damage in NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose using the comet assay technique single cell gel electrophoresis method. Cells were propagated by regular passages in in vitro conditions. TQ proliferative concentration (10μM) and IC25 (3rd-hour: 550 mM, 12th-hour: 240 mM, 24th-hour: 200 mM) and IC50 (3rd-hour: 760 mM, 12th-hour: 400 mM, 24th-hour: 280 mM) values for each hour of high glucose and were determined separately with MTT method. At these concentrations, the cells were divided into control(C), Thymoquinone (TQ), high glucose(G) and high glucose plus thymoquinone (GT) groups; It was incubated with the indicated substances for 3, 12, 24 hours. DNA damage was evaluated by applying the comet assay protocol and the results were calculated as DNA damage index (DDI). While DDI levels were observed to be significantly higher (p

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and severity of depression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Materials and Methods: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 74 patients with RP and 60 healthy controls. Biomicroscopic anterior segment and fundus examination, visual field, optical coherence tomography, and full-field electroretinography tests were performed in all cases. Variables were evaluated with bivariate, multiple linear, and ordinal logistic regression analyses. Results: The RP group included 40 (54%) male and 34 (46%) female patients, while the control group included 23 (38%) male and 37 (62%) female subjects. The patient group had a mean age of 39.20±12.4 years, median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.10 decimal (1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]; range, 1.3-0.7 logMAR), and median visual field mean deviation (MD) score of -28.00 decibels (dB) (range, -1.00 to -34.00 dB). The median BDI score was statistically significantly higher in the patient group (19 points) than in the control group (12 points) (p

Objective: Two of the most frequently used diagnostic criteria in writing and signature comparisons are the degree of pen pressure and variations in pen pressure. However, in today’s practice, this criterion is inferentially evaluated only by naked eye or using image enhancer tools. This situation may cause various results among examiners, and difficulties in judicial procedure in terms of forensic handwriting and signature examinations, which has already been criticized for subjectivity. In this study, it is aimed to measure the depth of the indented pen pressure numerically in offline signatures and to evaluate it more objectively compared to the classical methods. Methods: Note that 10 male and 10 female subjects participated in this study. Subjects were asked to imitate the signature shown as an example on three different surfaces. This signature was imitated by the subjects three times on different surfaces via free-hand (practise and non practice). Depth measurements were taken from five different points on the signature using a Leica DVM-6 3D Digital Microscope and compared with the genuine signature. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported at different confidence intervals in comparisons considering different combinations. Conclusion: In conclusion, aside from similar depth of the indented pen pressure, persistence of dissimilarities in different comparison documents and at different points is an important criterion. It has been revealed that these differences are statistically significant.

Ecological migration can be defined as the forced abandonment of the place where people live in order to continue their lives after the deterioration of the ecological balance for various reasons as a result of the negativities they have experienced. In this study, it was tried to determine the views of social studies teachers about migrations due to ecological reasons. There search was carried out with the voluntary participation of teachers working in Ankara, Istanbul, Eskisehir, Isparta, Kocaeli, Mersin, Ordu, Yozgat and Sinop. Descriptive analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. Interview questions were sent to teachers over the internet. Interview questions consist of open-ended questions. As a result of the data obtained, teachers found the subject of ecological migration inadequate in the social studies textbooks, that the subject was not directly mentioned in the program, that the knowledge, skills and behaviors that students would gain by teaching this subject would reduce environmental problems, and there were also reasons why people would have to leave their place of residence due to ecological reasons will be disappeared. When the related field is examined in the literature, a suggestion has been made to fill the gap in the field due to the lack of any study in the field of education on this subject.

OBJECTIVES: There is no sufficient data to provide a clear picture of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) across Türkiye. This study is the first to present the prognostic outcomes of OHCA cases and the factors associated with these outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a prospective, observational, multicenter design under the leadership of the Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey Resuscitation Study Group. OHCA cases aged 18 years and over who were admitted to 28 centers from Türkiye were included in the study. Survived event, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital discharge, and neurological outcome at discharge were investigated as primary outcomes. RESULTS: One thousand and three patients were included in the final analysis. 61.1% of the patients were male, and the average age was 67.0 ± 15.2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed on 86.5% of the patients in the prehospital period by emergency medical service, and bystander CPR was performed on only 2.9% by nonhealth-care providers. As a result, the survived event rate was found to be 6.9%. The survival rate upon hospital discharge was 4.4%, with 2.7% of patients achieving a good neurological outcome upon discharge. In addition, the overall ROSC and sustained ROSC rates were 45.2% and 33.4%, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender, initial shockable rhythm, a shorter prehospital duration of CPR, and the lack of CPR requirement in the emergency department were determined to be independent predictors for the survival to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Compared to global data, survival to hospital discharge and good neurological outcome rates appear to be lower in our study. We conclude that this result is related to low bystander CPR rates. Although not the focus of this study, inadequate postresuscitative care and intensive care support should also be discussed in this regard. It is obvious that this issue should be carefully addressed through political moves in the health and social fields.

Rapid technological developments in the language services industry including content creation and translation have always provoked fear among human agents, such as language service providers (LSPs), translators, reviewers, and academicians thinking that technology would eliminate the need for humans. This fear can be traced even back to the years typewriters were invented and used in the language services industry, or personal computers replaced typewriters in the process. The twenty-first century, especially the 2010s, witnessed the emergence and rapid development of machine translation (MT), in particular neural machine translation (NMT). Coupled with the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI), human content creators and translators are now face to face with a new competitor. Although the tools used in the industry have changed in line with the technological advancements, achieving quality output has always required the competence of human content creators and translators. This competence has three important pillars: language skills, expertise in the area of specialization, and technological skills. This paper discusses that technological tools such as MT and generative AI demand human intervention to create and translate quality and effective content, which is only possible by acquiring the complete set of the above skills. Focusing on creating content for user manuals, this paper examines how to ask the correct questions, that is, how to give the correct prompts to guide chatbots such as ChatGPT to achieve quality content, thus identifying the limits and benefits of AI in an area of specialization.

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species found in humans. Although E. bieneusi has been investigated in humans, genotype profile of E. bieneusi is not known in Türkiye. Methods In this study, we screened E. bieneusi in patients (n = 94) with different types of malignant solid tumors by Real Time PCR and then sequenced E. bieneusi positive samples. All cancer patients were undergoing chemotherapy and had diarrhea. Moreover, as control groups, we also screened E. bieneusi in patients with diarrhea (n = 50) and without diarrhea (n = 50). Results Among all patients analyzed, 33 (17%) were found to be E. bieneusi-positive. As the patients were categorized, the molecular prevalence of E. bieneusi increased to 25.5% among cancer patients with diarrhea. However, the molecular prevalence of E. bieneusi was found to be lower in patients with presenting only diarrhea (8%) and patients without diarrhea (10%). The high molecular prevalence value detected among cancer patients with diarrhea was also statistically significant compared to other patient groups (P = 0.00112 and P = 0.0269). Among the 33 Real Time PCR positive samples, 10 of them were amplified by nested PCR and among these 10 samples, 6 of them were successfully genotyped. The phylogenetic tree showed the presence of D and Type IV which were also identified in stray cats living in İzmir in our previous study. Conclusions High molecular prevalence value indicates the importance of screening stool samples of cancer patients with diarrhea for E. bieneusi and genotyping results indicate that D and Type IV are circulating between humans and cats.

ÖZ:Alman edebiyatında 18 ve 19. yüzyıllarda sık görülen bir tür olan Bildungsroman, başka ulusların edebiyatlarında da örnekleri sergilenen ve günümüze kadar etkisini sürdürebilmiş bir roman türüdür. Genel olarak bir kahramanın, çocukluk döneminden başlayarak nasıl olgunlaştığını kronolojik bir şekilde anlatan otobiyografik anlatımlı romanlardır. Eğitim, gelişim ve sanatçı romanları gibi alt türleri bulunan Bildungsromanda, kahramanın gelişimi diyalektik bir şekilde gerçekleşir. Kahramanın gelişmesinin kıstası toplumla uzlaşmayı öğrenmesidir. Dolayısıyla Bildungsromanlar genel olarak mutlu bir sonla biter. Bu çalışmada, Alman edebiyatının Nobel ödüllü yazarı Hermann Hesse’nin ‘Gençlik Güzel Şey’ isimli uzun öyküsü, Bildungsroman özellikleri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Hesse, ‘Gençlik Güzel Şey’ eserinde çocukluk döneminde çevresi tarafından onaylanmayan tavırlara sahip olan ve yıllar sonra evine ideal kimliğine kavuşarak dönen bir gencin hikâyesini anlatır. Çalışmanın amacı, edebi eserin okumasını Bildungsroman çerçevesinde yapabilmek ve geleneksel Bildungsromanın dışında gelişmiş bir Bildungsroman versiyonunu göstermektir. Nitekim bu edebi eserin, bazı özellikler açısından Bildungsromanın geleneksel çizgisinde olduğu; fakat bazı özellikler açısından da Bildungsromanın modern versiyonlarına dahil edilebileceği görülmüştür. ABSTRACT:Bildungsroman, a genre frequently seen in German literature in the 18th and 19th centuries, is a type of novel whose examples are also exhibited in the literature of other nations and has maintained its influence until today. In general, they are autobiographical novels that tell chronologically how a hero matures, starting from his childhood. In Bildungsroman, which has subgenres such as education, development and artist novels, the development of the hero takes place in a dialectical manner. The criterion of the hero's development is that he learns to compromise with society. Therefore, Bildungsromans generally have a happy ending. In this study, the long story ‘Youth is a Beautiful Thing’ by Hermann Hesse, the Nobel Prize-winning author of German literature, was examined within the framework of Bildungsroman features. In his work 'Youth is a Beautiful Thing', Hesse tells the story of a young man who had attitudes that were not approved by those around him during his childhood, and who returns home years later with his ideal identity. The aim of the study is to read the literary work within the framework of Bildungsroman and to show a developed version of Bildungsroman other than the traditional Bildungsroman. As a matter of fact, this literary work is in the traditional line of Bildungsroman in terms of some features; however, it has been seen that it can be included in the modern versions of Bildungsroman in terms of some features.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of servant leadership (SL) and innovative organizational culture (IOC) on employees' innovative work behavior (IWB). In addition, this paper attempts to examine the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS) in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 280 employees working in technopark companies located in Turkey, which require intensive IWB. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings – The findings suggest that SL, and IOC are significantly and positively related to employees' IWB. The results also show that SL and IOC stimulate employees' IWB through POS. Research limitations/implications – Because this study was carried out by employing a cross-sectional research design with data obtained from the same source, the inferences about the causality among the variables cannot be inferred. Practical implications – The empirical findings suggest that organizations should make efforts to promote SL and improve IOC in order to harvest IWB from their employees. Moreover, organizations and managers need to recognize the importance of the POS by employees, and therefore form an adequate working environment, create and utilize policies and procedures accordingly. Originality/value – This study suggests ways for organizations to enhance their innovativeness through IOC and SL applications in pursue of harvesting employees' IWB using POS by employees as mediator. This study is also original, in that no previous studies have investigated the mediating role of POS in the relationship between IOC, SL and IWB. 研究目的 – 本研究旨在探討僕人式領導和創新組織文化對僱員的創新工作行為的影響; 研究亦擬探討就上述有關的影響和關聯而言、組織支持感所扮演的調節角色。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 研究的數據取自在土耳其的科技園區裡工作的280名僱員 (在科技園區工作，僱員須具備強大的創新工作行為) 。研究採用結構方程模型和拔靴法程式去測試假設的關聯。 研究結果 – 研究結果間接表明了僕人式領導和創新組織文化與僱員創新工作行為之間的關聯是正相關的，而且，這相關性頗為顯著。研究結果亦顯示，僕人式領導和創新組織文化均會透過組織支持感、促進僱員的創新工作行為。 研究的局限/啟示 – 由於研究採用橫斷研究設計，而使用的數據又取自同一來源，故變數間的因果關係是無法推斷的。 實務方面的啟示 – 本研究之經驗結果建議組織應鼓勵推行僕人式領導，亦應努力提昇創新組織文化，以能取得僱員創新工作行為所帶來的成效。而且，組織和管理階層必須明白使僱員感受到組織的支持是很重要的，因此，組織和主管須創造一個良好的工作環境，並制訂適當的政策和處理各種事宜的程式，以能提高組織支持感。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究為組織提供了增強創新能力的建議，方法是透過促進創新組織文化和採用僕人式領導，並利用僱員組織支持感的調節作用，以取得僱員創新工作行為所帶來的成效。另外，本研究是獨創的，這是因為從前沒有研究、去探討在創新組織文化和僕人式領導與創新工作行為之間的關聯上、組織支持感所扮演的調節角色。

BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular condition characterized by short-term vertigo attacks that significantly affect quality of life OBJECTIVES: Examine how well a single Epley maneuver worked in an outpatient setting for people with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) and whether they needed a second Dix-Hallpike maneuver. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTINGS: Otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI), and systemic disease history of 75 patients diagnosed with PC-BPPV were recorded, and their relationship with success rates after the modified Epley maneuver was analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detect cases that could not be repositioned with the diagnostic control Dix-Hallpike test performed 20 minutes after the modified Epley reposition maneuver in the same session in PC-BPPV patients. SAMPLE SIZE: 75 RESULTS: Of the 75 patients, 31 were male (41.3%), 44 female (58.6%) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 58.6 (15.9) years age, 54.6% had one or more chronic diseases. BMI was 30 mg/kg2 and above in 31 patients (41.3%). The modified Epley maneuver was successful in 77.3%. No significant relationship was found between additional diseases or BMI in the patient group in whom the maneuver was unsuccessful. CONCLUSION: The success rates of repositioning maneuvers in treating patients diagnosed with PC-BPPV are high. However, more than a single maneuver is required in some resistant patients. Second diagnostic and repositioning maneuvers performed in the same session will reduce multiple hospital admissions. While it is helpful to repeat the maneuver in the patient group where it was unsuccessful, other factors causing the failure should be investigated. LIMITATIONS: Lack of follow-up results of patients after 7-10 days.

This study aims to develop guidance materials on the topic of evaporation and boiling within the Science course, to use the materials with 5th grade students, and to find out the students' opinions about the implementation of these materials. The participants consist of 10 students studying in a public middle school in the 2020-2021 academic year. The development and implementation processes of the guidance materials are described in detail in the article. A semi-structured interview consisting of 5 questions was conducted with 5 students to get their opinions about the implementation process. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The students expressed the view that the guidance materials were helpful in learning the topic, associating it with daily life, and increasing the teacher-student and student-student relationships. The researchers suggest that similar materials should be developed to teach different science topics.

Background/purpose: Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems seen in children and adolescents. Based on this general framework, the first aim of the study is to reveal the prevalence of trait anxiety among adolescents and to determine whether this prevalence differs according to their gender. The second aim is to reveal whether adolescents' ineffective coping styles with stress, friend loyalty, and gender predict trait anxiety. Materials/methods: Data were collected from a total of 531 adolescents (318 females; 213 males). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Coping Strategies Scale in Stress Experiences, and the Friend Attachment Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: According to the findings, 18.3% of adolescents had a low level of anxiety, 65.2% were moderate, and 16.0% had a high level of anxiety. In terms of gender, 17.6% of females had a low level of anxiety, 62.3% were moderate, and 20.1% had a high level of anxiety. For the males, 18.3% had a low level of anxiety, 69.5% were moderate, and 11.3% had a high level of anxiety. This gender-based difference was shown to be significant. Another finding showed the adolescents' trait anxiety scores to be negatively correlated with friend attachment, and positive significant relationships revealed between ineffective coping styles. These variables and gender together explain 31.0% of the trait anxiety variance. Conclusion: The findings showed the trait anxiety of female adolescents to be higher than male adolescents. In addition, attention should be paid as to whether attachment to friends and ineffective coping methods with stress are used in research and treatment processes related to trait anxiety.

The aim of this research is to adapt the Delay of Gratification Inventory to a Turkish adult sample. The data for the study was obtained from adults over the age of 18 between April and May 2021. The "Personal Information Form," the "Delay of Gratification Inventory," the "Psychological Well-Being Scale," and the "Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short Form" were used to collect research data. In addition to construct validity and criterion-related validity in the validity assessment of the inventor, in the reliability evaluation, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency, test-retest, and lower-upper 27% group difference values were examined. In exploratory factor analysis, the measurement tool consists of five sub-dimensions, and these sub-dimensions explain 52% of the variance. The conclusion of the CFA show that the five sub-dimension structure obtained has a good fit (X[superscript 2] = 352.97 N = 265, sd = 184, p = 0.00; X[superscript 2] / df = 1.92, RMSEA = 0.059, CFI = 0.90, IFI = 0.90, GFI = 0.89 and AGFI = 0.86). In another validity study, it was found that delaying gratification was positively related to psychological wellbeing and negatively related to impulsivity. Within the framework of reliability, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the whole inventory was found to be 0.78. The test-retest coefficient for the whole inventory was found to be 0.84. Findings at the end of the research indicate that the Turkish form of the measurement tool is at a level that can measure the delaying gratification variable in adults.

It was aimed to reveal whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the gender, age, sportive activity status and duration of the students studying at xxx University in the 2020-2021 academic year on their life skills levels. In this study descriptive survey method was used. A personal information form was used to obtain information about the demographic characteristics of 215 students, 71 male and 144 female and "Life Skills Scale" which was developed by Bolat and Balaman (2017) was used to determine the life skills levels, who participated in the study. Independent sample T test was used to determine the significant difference between two independent variables and life skills. Anowa Analysis of Variance techniques were used to determine the difference between more than two variables and life skills. Pearson correlation analysis was made to determine the relationship between Life Skills Scale and ages of students and duration of sports activities. The results were evaluated according to the p<0.05 significance level. It has been determined there is a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of coping with stress and emotions, empathy and self-awareness, decision making and problem solving about students gender and life skills scale according to the data obtained. It has been determined there is a significant difference in all sub-dimensions of the students' sportive activities and life skills scale. It has been determined there is a positive significant relationship in students' weekly sporting activity time and life skills scale on the sub-dimension of decision making and problem solving.

IntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and reinfects adults throughout life, posing a risk for hospitalization in older adults (>60 years) with frailty and comorbidities.MethodsTo investigate serum and mucosal antibodies for protection against RSV infections, baseline serum samples were compared for RSV-pre- and -post-fusion (F) binding, and RSV-A2 neutralizing IgG antibodies between symptomatic RSV-ARTI (N = 30), non-RSV (RSV negative) ARTI (N = 386), and no ARTI (N = 338). Mucosal RSV-pre-F IgA and IgG levels, as well as serum RSV-G IgG antibodies, were analyzed to determine their association with protection from symptomatic RSV-ARTI in a subset study.ResultsUsing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we established thresholds of 1.4- to 1.6-fold change (FC) for RSV-pre-F and -post-F, and RSV-A2 neutralizing IgG antibodies, respectively, enabling the identification of asymptomatic RSV cases with high sensitivity and specificity (>80% and >90%, respectively). As a result, serum RSV-pre-F, RSV-G IgG, and mucosal pre-F binding IgA antibodies showed correlations with protection against symptomatic RSV infection. RSV-pre-F IgG antibodies were correlated with protection from RSV infections irrespective of the symptoms.DiscussionThis study provides insights into antibody-mediated protection for symptomatic RSV infection in a community-dwelling older-adult population and establishes a threshold to identify asymptomatic RSV infection using a data-driven approach.

Abstract The significance of hydrogen energy has grown considerably due to climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. PEM fuel cells are the key hydrogen technologies. Commercial membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) with a polymer structure containing fluorine are currently available. However, it has been determined that certain perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) are hazardous, persistent, and bioaccumulative. Advancements in hydrogen technology rely on effective, inexpensive, and perfluorocarbon‐free membranes, specifically proton exchange membranes (PEMs). In this research, a PFSA‐free polyacrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate (PAN‐MA) membrane doped with phosphoric acid is prepared using the electrospinning method and then characterized by SEM, FE‐SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, DMA, and EIS. The DMA analysis reveals that the storage modulus of the doped membrane increases from 0.98 to 5.66 MPa at 80 °C. The nanofiber composite membrane, with a thickness of 181 µm, exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 0.306 S m−1 at 20 °C, 1.76 times higher than that of the Nafion 212 membrane. The Nafion 212 membrane has an ionic conductivity of 0.173 S m−1 under the same conditions. These results indicate that the prepared nanofiber membranes are promising materials for evaluating fuel cell applications.

Abstract This paper introduces a methodology for characterizing the breadth of natural hazard types, hazard interrelationships, and risk scenarios in Global South urban areas, focusing on Nairobi, Kenya, and Istanbul, Türkiye. Our approach involves (a) a comprehensive characterization of multi‐hazards and their interrelationships in an urban setting, (b) collaborative development of relevant multi‐hazard scenarios with local disaster risk reduction (DRR) stakeholders, and (c) analysis of the potential for integrating these scenarios into urban DRR efforts. Using a critical review of 135 sources (academic and gray literature, databases, online, and social media), we identify 19 natural hazard types that might influence Nairobi and 23 in Istanbul. We further identified in Nairobi 88 and Istanbul 105 hazard interrelationship pairs (e.g., an earthquake triggering landslides) out of a possible 576 interrelationships. These findings are cataloged in an extensive database, which informs the creation of multi‐hazard risk scenario exemplars for each city. These exemplars are refined through stakeholder engagement, involving four workshops (47 participants) and nine semi‐structured interviews with local DRR stakeholders. Despite the identified benefits, this engagement reveals a significant gap in integrating multi‐hazards into current urban policy and practice. Governance challenges are highlighted as a key barrier, but opportunities for better integration are also identified, including evolving policies and growing awareness among urban actors. Our approach, particularly relevant in data‐scarce urban areas of low‐ and middle‐income countries, provides a framework for exploring multi‐hazard issues in various urban contexts.

Optimal graft choice and fixation technique are still ongoing topics of debate for primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Interference screws are frequently used as graft fixation devices but can sometimes lead to tunnel widening, cyst formation, chronic inflammation, screw breakage, and persistent pain. Tibial tunnel widening is of special concern because it is often associated with graft failure. This technical note introduces a graft technique with a periosteum–patellar tendon–bone autograft and a press-fit tibial fixation approach that could be a viable option for secure anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction while offering the possibility of a quicker postoperative recovery, less pain, and a quicker return to everyday activities.

Objective: Sex determination has been found interesting in forensic handwriting examinations and has been researched by scientists. The inclusion of the sex parameter as a supporting element in the examination of forensic handwriting while deciding belonging will increase the reliability of the results. In addition, it will help reduce the number of people to be investigated for a large group of suspects, both men and women. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the contribution of the ascender and descender parts of the letters to sex prediction by measuring them. Methods: In line with this purpose, handwriting samples were collected from 50 female and 50 male participants by having them write 11 sentences containing the letters “b, d, f, g, h, k, t, y, p” at initial, medial, and end positions. The ascender and descender parts of these letters were measured in millimeters. Logistics, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were selected and applied to these data. Results: The ascender and descender parts of these letters were measured in millimeters and statistically significant differences were found between male and female participants. The ascender parts of the “b, d, h, k, t” were determined to be statistically significantly longer in males. Accuracy rates are 0.65, 0.60, 0.71 and 0.82 for Logistics, KNN, SVM and ANN, respectively. Conclusion: In our opinion, this result is promising. If the studies on this subject are increased, higher success rates can be achieved, and more contributions can be made to forensic handwriting examination.

Kutanöz mastositoz (KM), dermiste aşırı sayıda mast hücresi (MH)’nin varlığına göre kategorize edilen bir hastalık grubunu tanımlar. KM'li hastalar, sistemik mastositoz için tanı kriterlerini karşılamaz ve dermis dışında herhangi bir organ katılımı kanıtı göstermez. Bu makale tarih, prevalans ve sınıflandırmadan bahsettikten sonra kısaca MH aktivasyonunun farklı klinik özelliklerini ve tetikleyicilerini gözden geçirmekte ve son olarak güncel gözlemler ışığında çocuklarda KM yönetimini ayrıntılı olarak tartışmaktadır. KM'li hastalar, sıklıkla dermal lezyonlar üzerindeki baskılarla başlayan ve MH aracılığıyla meydana gelen semptomlardan muzdariptir. KM yönetimi, esas olarak MH tetikleyicilerinden kaçınma üzerine kuruludur. KM vakalarında tedavinin esasını anafilaksi gibi şiddetli sistemik reaksiyonlarda epinefrin otoenjektörlerinin elde mevcudiyeti ve semptomlar ortaya çıktığında antihistaminiklerin (H1/H2 histamin reseptör blokerleri) kullanılması oluşturmaktadır.

Abstract Background The initial idea of functional tissue replacement has shifted to the concept that injected cells positively modulate myocardial healing by a non-specific immune response of the transplanted cells within the target tissue. This alleged local modification of the scar requires assessment of regional properties of the left ventricular wall in addition to commonly applied measures of global morphological and functional parameters. Hence, we aimed at investigating the effect of cardiac cell therapy with cardiovascular progenitor cells, so-called cardiac induced cells, on both global and regional properties of the left ventricle by a multimodal imaging approach in a mouse model. Methods Myocardial infarction was induced in mice by ligation of the left anterior descending artery, the therapy group received an intramyocardial injection of 1 × 106 cardiac induced cells suspended in matrigel, the control group received matrigel only. [18F]FDG positron emission tomography imaging was performed after 17 days, to assess regional glucose metabolism. Three weeks after myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed for morphological and functional assessment of the left ventricle. Following these measurements, hearts were excised for histological examinations. Results Cell therapy had no significant effect on global morphological parameters. Similarly, there was no difference in scar size and capillary density between therapy and control group. However, there was a significant improvement in contractile function of the left ventricle – left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output. Regional analysis of the left ventricle identified changes of wall properties in the scar area as the putative mechanism. Cell therapy reduced the thinning of the scar and significantly improved its radial contractility. Furthermore, the metabolic defect, assessed by [18F]FDG, was significantly reduced by the cell therapy. Conclusion Our data support the relevance of extending the assessment of global left ventricular parameters by a structured regional wall analysis for the evaluation of therapies targeting at modulation of healing myocardium. This approach will enable a deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying the effect of experimental regenerative therapies, thus paving the way for a successful translation into clinical application.

Objectives:The full-field stimulus threshold (FST) test was developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments of hereditary retinal diseases. In this study we performed the FST test in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and compared the results with findings from other ophthalmological tests.Materials and Methods:The study included 51 intermediate and advanced RP patients and 21 normal subjects. All patients and controls underwent routine examination and ophthalmological tests including visual field, optical coherence tomography, full-field and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and FST tests. During FST testing, the perception thresholds of retina to the white, blue, and red FST were determined in decibels.Results:The mean age of the patients and the controls were 35.2 and 33.5 years, respectively. For all RP patients, no response was obtained on full-field ERG. All subjects were able to perform reliable FST tests. The mean values of visual acuity and central macular thickness were significantly lower and visual field mean deviation values were significantly higher in the RP group than the controls. When we evaluated the mfERG findings, the mean P1 wave amplitudes in all rings were significantly lower and the mean peak times were significantly longer in RP patients than controls. In comparisons of FST test results, the mean values for white, blue, red and the difference between blue-red thresholds were significantly lower in the RP group than the control group.Conclusion:The FST test is a fast and a reliable exam which can be done in subjects with poor visual acuity and reduced visual field. The results of this study confirm that the FST test can measure retinal sensitivity in severely affected RP subjects with flat flash ERG.

Buket Ba&scedil;a Akdo&gbreve;an, Ilkay Koca Kalkan, Gözde Köycü Buhari, Özlem Özdedeo&gbreve;lu, Hale Ate&scedil;, Kurtulu&scedil; Aksu, Ferda Öner Erkekol Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Buket Ba&scedil;a Akdo&gbreve;an, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Incirlist, No: 57 Floor:3, 34147 Bakirkoy/Istanbul, Ankara, Turkey, Tel +90 5053518861 ; +90 850 4339393, Email drbuketakdogan@yahoo.comObjective: The best method and strategy for the diagnosis of asthma remains unclear, especially in patients with negative bronchodilator reversibility test (BDRT). In our study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability for this patient group.Methods: A total of 50 patients with suspected asthma, all with negative BDR test, were included in the study. Demographic information and symptoms were recorded and PEF variability was monitored for 2 weeks. Metacolinbronchial provocation test (mBPT) was performed. Asthma was diagnosed when PEF variability ≥ 20% and/or positive mBPT was observed.Results: 30 of 50 patients were diagnosed with asthma. After 1 month, 17 patients were evaluated for treatment outcomes. The sensitivity and specificity of PEF variability for different cut-off values (≥ 20%, > 15% and > 10%) were 61.5– 83.3, 88.5– 62.5 and 100– 16.7, respectively. One of the most important findings of our study was the absence of variable airflow limitation or airway hyper reactivity in 39% patients with a previous diagnosis of asthma. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a low baseline FEF25-75 value was an independent predictive factor for the diagnosis of asthma (p= 0.05).Conclusion: The most efficient diagnostic test for asthma is still unclear due to many factors. Our study is one of the few studies on this subject. Although current diagnostic recommendations generally recommend a PEF variability of 10% for the diagnosis of asthma, this threshold may not be appropriate for the BDR-negative patient group. Our results suggest using a threshold value of < 15% for PEF variability when excluding asthma and ≥ 20% when confirming the diagnosis of asthma in patients with clinically suspected but unproven reversibility. Furthermore, FEF25-75 is considered to be an important diagnostic parameter that should be included in diagnostic recommendations for asthma.Keywords: diagnosis of asthma, reversibility, peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability, bronchial challenge test, forced expiratory flow (25-75%)

Background/purpose: Attitude towards the teaching profession functions as an important factor in the successful continuation of the education and training process. In this context, the first aim of the study is to examine teachers' attitudes towards teaching according to gender, education level, experience, and location of the school. Second, it is to reveal whether or not empathic tendency, teaching competence belief, and job satisfaction predict attitudes towards the teaching profession. Materials/methods: In this research, correlational research model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. For these purposes, data were collected from 316 teachers with an average age of 40.34 (SD = 3.15) years old, of which 189 are female (59.8%) and 127 (40.2%) male. The Attitude Scale towards Teaching Profession, Empathic Tendency Scale, Ohio Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale were used as the study's data collection tools. Results: According to the first findings obtained from the research, while teachers' attitudes towards teaching did not differ according to gender, education level (primary/secondary school), or school location (urban or rural); they were found to differ according to their length of experience. Accordingly, the attitudes of teachers with a seniority of more than 20 years were shown to be more positive than those with less experience. Second, empathic tendency, belief in teaching self-efficacy, and also job satisfaction were found to positively and significantly predict attitude towards the teaching profession. Conclusion: Within the framework of these findings, it can be said that gender, education level and school location are not determining variables in teachers' attitudes towards the teaching profession. On the other hand, it has been seen that work experience is important in the attitude towards the profession. Finally, it can be said that self-efficacy belief towards the teaching profession and job satisfaction are important variables in the attitude towards teaching. The obtained findings are then discussed, interpreted, and recommendations put forwards in light of the current literature.

Abstract Background Medical education requires the implementation of different teaching methods and strategies for future doctors to achieve broad learning objectives. This wide range of methods and strategies includes the use of Information Technologies. For a long time, there was a call for a change in medical education for blending new teaching approaches to lessen medical students’ class time. The COVID-19 pandemic then sped up the transition to the new way of medical education and classroom lectures were quickly moved to a virtual environment. We expect that these changes will continue, and online learning will be one of the main teaching strategies in medical education. Therefore, educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic will improve our understanding of online learning and will help to develop blended medical school curricula in the future. For this reason, we aimed to determine students’ overall satisfaction with their online learning experience and to define the main factors affecting students’ satisfaction with their online learning program at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted to determine medical students’ overall satisfaction with online learning methods and to identify factors associated with positive and negative satisfaction levels. A questionnaire, consisting of 24 questions to collect demographic characteristics, factors associated with online education experience and overall satisfaction levels was developed and distributed to 1600 medical students. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with positive and negative satisfaction levels. Results Regression analysis showed that being familiar with online teaching techniques (β = 0.19, 95% CI [0.07, 0.30], faculty members’ higher online teaching skill levels (β = 0.42, 95% CI [0.32, 0.51], interactive online teaching approaches (β = 0.54, 95% CI [0.41, 0.67], having a personal workspace (β = 0.43, 95% CI [0.19, 0.67], and a self-reported longer attention span (β = 0.75, 95% CI [0.57, 0.92] were associated with higher overall satisfaction with online learning. The occurrence of technical problems (β = -0.19, 95% CI [-0.26, -0.12] was associated with lower overall satisfaction. Conclusions Higher online teaching skills of faculty members, use of interactive approaches, students’ familiarity with online teaching techniques, provision of a personal workspace, and self-reported longer attention spans positively contributed to higher levels of student satisfaction with online learning. Considering the increasing significance of online educational methods, our study identified key components that affect students’ level of satisfaction. This information might contribute to the development of online educational programs in the future.