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101. Sauna stroke syndrome.

Author

Heckmann JG, Rauch C, Seidler S, Dütsch M, and Kasper B

Abstract

This report describes a 64-year-old man with a large cerebral infarction during sauna bathing. He had no typical cerebrovascular risk factors. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale of 5-mm diameter. In this patient a causal relationship between stroke and sauna bathing is considered and described by the term "sauna stroke syndrome."

Published
2005
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102. Cerebral autoregulation improves in epilepsy patients after temporal lobe surgery.

Author

Dütsch M, Devinsky O, Doyle W, Marthol H, and Hilz MJ

Subjects
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anterior Temporal Lobectomy methods, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Blood Pressure physiology, Brain anatomy & histology, Brain physiopathology, Brain surgery, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe physiopathology, Female, Functional Laterality, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe surgery, Homeostasis physiology, Temporal Lobe surgery
Abstract

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often show increased cardiovascular sympathetic modulation during the interictal period, that decreases after epilepsy surgery. In this study, we evaluated whether temporal lobectomy changes autonomic modulation of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and cerebral autoregulation. We studied 16 TLE patients 3-4 months before and after surgery. We monitored heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiration, transcutaneous oxygen saturation (sat-O(2)), end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO(2)) and middle cerebral artery CBFV. Spectral analysis was used to determine sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of HR, BP and CBFV as powers of signal oscillations in the low frequency (LF) ranges from 0.04-0.15Hz (LF-power) and in the high frequency ranges from (HF) 0.15-0.5Hz (HF-power). LF-transfer function gain and phase shift between BP and CBFV were calculated as parameters of cerebral autoregulation. After surgery, HR, BP(mean), CBFV(mean), respiration, sat-O(2), pCO(2) and HF powers remained unchanged. LF-powers of HR, BP, CBFV and LF-transfer function gain had decreased while the phase angle had increased (p<0.05). The reduction of LF powers and LF-gain and the higher phase angle showed reduced sympathetic modulation and improved cerebral autoregulation. The enhanced cerebrovascular stability after surgery may improve autonomic balance in epilepsy patients.

Published
2004
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103. Pupillography refines the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Author

Dütsch M, Marthol H, Michelson G, Neundörfer B, and Hilz MJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular System innervation, Cardiovascular System physiopathology, Diabetic Neuropathies complications, Diabetic Neuropathies physiopathology, Female, Humans, Iris innervation, Male, Middle Aged, Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic pathology, Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic physiopathology, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases etiology, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Pupil Disorders etiology, Pupil Disorders physiopathology, Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic pathology, Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic physiopathology, Diabetic Neuropathies diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological standards, Iris physiopathology, Pupil Disorders diagnosis
Abstract

Although diabetic autonomic neuropathy involves most organs, diagnosis is largely based on cardiovascular tests. Light reflex pupillography (LRP) non-invasively evaluates pupillary autonomic function. We tested whether LRP demonstrates autonomic pupillary dysfunction in diabetics independently from cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) or peripheral neuropathy (PN). In 36 type-II diabetics (39-84 years) and 36 controls (35-78 years), we performed LRP. We determined diameter (PD), early and late re-dilation velocities (DV) as sympathetic parameters and reflex amplitude (RA) and constriction velocity (CV) as parasympathetic pupillary indices. We assessed the frequency of CAN using heart rate variability tests and evaluated the frequency of PN using neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, thermal and vibratory threshold determination. Twenty-eight (77.8%) patients had abnormal pupillography results, but only 20 patients (56%) had signs of PN or CAN. In nine patients with PN, only pupillography identified autonomic neuropathy. Four patients had pupillary dysfunction but no CAN or PN. In comparison to controls, patients had reduced PD, late DV, RA and CV indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. The incidence and severity of pupillary abnormalities did not differ between patients with and without CAN or PN. LRP demonstrates sympathetic and parasympathetic pupillary dysfunction independently from PN or CAN and thus refines the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy in type-II diabetics.

Published
2004
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104. [Hospitalization of non-stroke patients in a Stroke Unit].

Author

Heckmann JG, Stadter M, Dütsch M, Handschu R, Rauch C, and Neundörfer B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological standards, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation standards, Referral and Consultation statistics & numerical data, Stroke therapy, Diagnostic Errors prevention & control, Diagnostic Errors statistics & numerical data, Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data, Stroke diagnosis
Abstract

Background and Objective: Stroke care in Germany has substantially improved during the last decade. One column of modern stroke care is the institution of stroke unit which allows rapid diagnosis and treatment. The aspect of admission of nonstroke patients to a stroke unit is poorly evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the number of patients who are admitted to a national stroke unit but do not suffer from stroke. Furthermore, we related the proportion of nonstroke referrals to the different referral modes., Patient and Methods: Observational study recording all suspected stroke referrals with regard to final diagnosis and type of referral during a 12-month period (1.8.2002-31.7.2003)., Results: 462 patients were admitted by 4 routes: 74 by paramedics or by self-presentation, 138 by emergency physicians, 144 by primary care doctors, and 106 were transferred from other hospitals. 88 patients (19 %) finally revealed no acute stroke. The most common nonstroke diagnoses were seizure (20 %), dissociative disorders (14 %), cranial nerve disorders (11 %), hypoglycaemia (8 %) and transient global amnesia (7 %). There was no significant difference among the proportion of nonstroke patients referred by ambulance paramedics and self-presentation (15 %), emergency physicians (21 %), primary care doctors (15 %) and interhospital transfer (24 %) [p = 0.222, X (2)-test according to Pearson]., Conclusion: Due to the fact that a number of clinical neurological conditions mimic acute stroke, misdiagnosis of stroke is common. We advocate that all stroke patients are seen early in the course of the disease by a neurologist. An alternative could be that in stroke units of internal medicine hospitals patients are seen by a consulting neurologist. Alternatively, telemedicine might be used and the neurologist on duty of a neurological stroke unit could be consulted.

Published
2004
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105. Cerebral autoregulation is compromised during simulated fluctuations in gravitational stress.

Author

Brown CM, Dütsch M, Ohring S, Neundörfer B, and Hilz MJ

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Adult, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Blood Pressure physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Stress, Physiological physiopathology, Supine Position physiology, Brain blood supply, Brain physiology, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Gravitation, Hemostasis physiology, Homeostasis physiology, Lower Body Negative Pressure methods
Abstract

Gravity places considerable stress on the cardiovascular system but cerebral autoregulation usually protects the cerebral blood vessels from fluctuations in blood pressure. However, in conditions such as those encountered on board a high-performance aircraft, the gravitational stress is constantly changing and might compromise cerebral autoregulation. In this study we assessed the effect of oscillating orthostatic stress on cerebral autoregulation. Sixteen (eight male) healthy subjects [aged 27 (1) years] were exposed to steady-state lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -15 and -40 mmHg and then to oscillating LBNP at the same pressures. The oscillatory LBNP was applied at 0.1 and 0.2 Hz. We made continuous recordings of RR-interval, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), respiratory frequency and end-tidal CO(2). Oscillations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and CBFV were assessed by autoregressive spectral analysis. Respiration was paced at 0.25 Hz to avoid interference from breathing. Steady-state LBNP at -40 mmHg significantly increased low-frequency (LF, 0.03-0.14 Hz) powers of MAP ( P<0.01) but not of CBFV. Oscillatory 0.1 Hz LBNP (0 to -40 mmHg) significantly increased the LF power of MAP to a similar level as steady-state LBNP but also resulted in a significant increase in the LF power of CBFV ( P<0.01). Oscillatory LBNP at 0.2 Hz induced oscillations in MAP and CBFV at 0.2 Hz. Cross-spectral analysis showed that the transfer of LBNP-induced oscillations in MAP onto the CBFV was significantly greater at 0.2 Hz than at 0.1 Hz ( P<0.01). These results show that the ability of the cerebral vessels to modulate fluctuations in blood pressure is compromised during oscillatory compared with constant gravitational stress. Furthermore, this effect seems to be more pronounced at higher frequencies of oscillatory stress.

Published
2004
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106. Does improved problem-based teaching influence students' knowledge at the end of their neurology elective? An observational study of 40 students.

Author

Heckmann JG, Bleh C, Dütsch M, Lang CJ, and Neundörfer B

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Education, Medical, Undergraduate methods, Neurology education, Teaching
Abstract

Background: Elective programs for medical students in the last year of their university training are poorly evaluated. The goal of this study was to determine the gain in theoretical and practical skills in a group of students during their elective in neurology. Students were trained by either conventional teaching methods or applying improved problem-based teaching., Method: A test of 78 multiple choice questions regarding both, theoretical and practical aspects of clinical neurology, was presented to 21 students (9 female, 12 male). This group of students (group A) was trained according to the conventional teaching method. A subsequent group of students (intervention group B; n = 19; 9 female; 10 male) was educated using a modified teaching method that consisted of more problem-based learning, gathering experience with neurosonological and neurophysiological principles and in intense bedside teaching. The test was performed at the beginning and end of their elective period. The percentage increase in the tests was taken as the primary endpoint. In addition, all students were asked about their degree of satisfaction with the elective in general., Results: Students of both groups did not differ with regard to age, gender, number of semesters, score of last examination and score of the test at the beginning of the elective. However, students who participated in the problem-based teaching group (group B) performed significantly better in the test at the end of the elective (increase 16.3% +/- 15.5) than those who were trained according to the conventional teaching program (percentage increase 6.3% +/- 9.4; p = 0.017). Students of both groups were highly satisfied with the elective in general., Conclusion: More problem-based teaching including practical exercises and intense bed-side teaching significantly improved students' performance. Thus, adaptation of teaching covering these aspects should be encouraged and might improve the neurological knowledge and skills of the students.

Published
2003
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107. Assessment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses to lower body negative pressure as a test of cerebral autoregulation.

Author

Brown CM, Dütsch M, Hecht MJ, Neundörfer B, and Hilz MJ

Subjects
Adult, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Time Factors, Vascular Resistance, Cerebral Arteries physiology, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Homeostasis physiology, Lower Body Negative Pressure methods
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether lower body negative pressure (LBNP), combined with noninvasive methods of assessing changes in systemic and cerebral vascular resistance, is suitable as a method for assessing cerebral autoregulation. In 13 subjects we continuously assessed heart rate, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and cardiac output during graded levels of LBNP from 0 to -50 mm Hg. With increasing levels of LBNP, cardiac output declined significantly (to 55.8+/-4.5% of baseline value) but there was no overall change in mean arterial pressure. CBFV also fell at higher levels of LBNP (to 81.4+/-3.2% of baseline) but the percentage CBFV change was significantly less than that in cardiac output (P<0.01). The maximum increase in cerebrovascular resistance (pulsatility ratio) was significantly less than that in total peripheral resistance (17+/-6% vs. 105+/-16%, P<0.01). Spectral analysis showed that the power of low-frequency oscillations in mean arterial pressure, but not CBFV, increased significantly at the -50 mm Hg level of LBNP. These results show that, even during high levels of orthostatic stress, cerebral autoregulation is preserved and continues to protect the cerebral circulation from changes in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, assessment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular parameters during LBNP may provide a useful clinical test of cerebral autoregulation.

Published
2003
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108. Impaired cardiovascular responses to baroreflex stimulation in open-angle and normal-pressure glaucoma.

Author

Brown CM, Dütsch M, Michelson G, Neundörfer B, and Hilz MJ

Subjects
Blood Pressure, Glaucoma, Open-Angle physiopathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Neck, Parasympathetic Nervous System physiopathology, Respiratory Mechanics, Suction, Sympathetic Nervous System physiopathology, Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology, Baroreflex, Glaucoma physiopathology
Abstract

Autonomic neuropathy may contribute to the pathophysiology of both open-angle and normal-pressure glaucoma. However, autonomic function has not been studied extensively in these diseases. We evaluated baroreflex control of the heart and blood vessels in open-angle and normal-pressure glaucoma. We studied 14 patients with open-angle glaucoma, 15 with normal-pressure glaucoma and 17 controls. Sinusoidal neck suction (0 to -30 mmHg) was applied at 0.1 Hz to assess the sympathetic modulation of the heart and blood vessels, and at 0.2 Hz to assess the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart. Baseline recordings showed no significant differences between the groups. The RR-interval response of the controls to neck suction at 0.1 Hz (3.88+/-0.32 to 6.65+/-0.44 lnms2) was significantly greater than that of the open-angle glaucoma patients (4.22+/-0.28 to 5.56+/-0.26 lnms2) and the normal-pressure glaucoma patients (4.53+/-0.27 to 5.53+/-0.37 lnms2) (P<0.05). The low-frequency power of diastolic blood pressure increased significantly in the controls (0.48+/-0.08 to 2.76+/-0.72 mmHg2; P<0.01) during 0.1 Hz neck suction, but did not change significantly in patients with either open-angle glaucoma or normal-pressure glaucoma. The RR-interval response in the control group (3.45+/-0.52 lnms2) to neck suction at 0.2 Hz was significantly greater than that of the normal-pressure glaucoma patients (1.84+/-0.32 lnms(2)) and the open-angle glaucoma patients (1.58+/-0.35 lnms2) (P<0.05). The decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation during baroreceptor stimulation in patients with open-angle glaucoma and normal-pressure glaucoma suggests that autonomic dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases.

Published
2002
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109. [Diabetic autonomic neuropathy].

Author

Dütsch M, Hilz MJ, and Neundörfer B

Subjects
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases epidemiology, Diabetic Neuropathies diagnosis, Diabetic Neuropathies epidemiology, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases therapy, Diabetic Neuropathies therapy
Abstract

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is the most frequent autonomic neuropathy in western countries. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy affects almost every organ. Among the most common symptoms are cardiovascular disturbances such as reduced heart rate variability and pathologic orthostatic reaction. The diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is mainly based on the analysis of cardiovascular challenge maneuvers. The following article describes epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapeutic options and prognosis in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Published
2001
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110. Hemispheric influence on autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity.

Author

Hilz MJ, Dütsch M, Perrine K, Nelson PK, Rauhut U, and Devinsky O

Subjects
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure physiology, Female, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology, Baroreflex physiology, Brain physiopathology, Epilepsy physiopathology, Functional Laterality physiology
Abstract

Several studies suggest hemispheric lateralization of autonomic cardiovascular control. There is controversy regarding which hemisphere dominates sympathetic or parasympathetic activity. Hemispheric influences on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have not yet been evaluated. To determine hemispheric autonomic control in epilepsy patients, we assessed cardiovascular and baroreflex modulation before and during hemispheric inactivation. For 15 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, we analyzed autonomic heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) modulation and BRS before and during left and right intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP). After Blackman-Tukey spectral analysis, we calculated the low-frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) power of HR and BP as well as BRS as the LF transfer function gain between BP and HR. Right hemispheric inactivation induced a significant decrease of BP and an increase of HF power of HR and BP (p < 0.05). Left inactivation increased HR, BP, and LF power of both signals and decreased BRS by nearly 30% (p < 0.05). The results confirm previous IAP studies showing sympathetic lateralization in the right hemisphere and, moreover, demonstrate parasympathetic predominance and up-regulation of BRS in the left hemisphere. In epilepsy patients, unilateral electrical activity might derange autonomic balance between both hemispheres and contribute to cardiovascular dysregulation and sudden fatalities.

Published
2001

111. [Cerebral calcinosis].

Author

Heckmann JG, Tomandl B, Lang CJ, Kerling F, Dütsch M, and Neundörfer B

Subjects
Aged, Brain Diseases diagnostic imaging, Calcinosis diagnostic imaging, Calcium administration & dosage, Dihydrotachysterol administration & dosage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Thyroidectomy, Brain Diseases chemically induced, Calcinosis chemically induced, Calcium adverse effects, Dihydrotachysterol adverse effects, Hypoparathyroidism drug therapy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Published
2001
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112. [Autonomic disorders in polyneuropathies].

Author

Hilz MJ, Dütsch M, and Neundörfer B

Subjects
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases etiology, Diabetic Neuropathies diagnosis, Humans, Neurologic Examination, Polyneuropathies etiology, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Polyneuropathies diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Many polyneuropathies manifest autonomic disturbances. Diabetic neuropathy, the most frequent neuropathy in the western world, serves as model of the symptomatology of autonomic disturbances., Diabetic Neuropathy: Clinical symptoms comprise pupillary and cardiovascular dysfunction such as orthostatic hypotonia and syncopes, thermoregulatory, gastrointestinal symptoms, disturbances in urogenital and respiratory function and unawareness of hypoglycemia., Other Neuropathies: This article also describes autonomic symptoms in alcoholic neuropathy, in Guillain-Barré syndrome, in paraneoplastic polyneuropathies, in toxic neuropathies, in acute and subacute autonomic neuropathy, in amyloidosis, in porphyria, in familiar dysautonomia, in HIV infection and in botulism.

Published
1998
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113. Vagal and spinal afferent innervation of the rat esophagus: a combined retrograde tracing and immunocytochemical study with special emphasis on calcium-binding proteins.

Author

Dütsch M, Eichhorn U, Wörl J, Wank M, Berthoud HR, and Neuhuber WL

Subjects
Animals, Brain Stem chemistry, Brain Stem cytology, Brain Stem enzymology, Calbindin 2, Calbindins, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide analysis, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Ganglia, Spinal chemistry, Ganglia, Spinal cytology, Ganglia, Spinal enzymology, Male, NADPH Dehydrogenase analysis, Nodose Ganglion chemistry, Nodose Ganglion cytology, Nodose Ganglion enzymology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, S100 Calcium Binding Protein G analysis, Spinal Cord chemistry, Spinal Cord enzymology, Vagotomy, Vagus Nerve chemistry, Vagus Nerve enzymology, Calcium-Binding Proteins analysis, Esophagus innervation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley anatomy & histology, Spinal Cord cytology, Stilbamidines, Vagus Nerve cytology
Abstract

Vagal afferent neurons contain a variety of neurochemical markers and neuroactive substances, most of which are present also in dorsal root ganglion cells. To test for the suitability of the calcium-binding protein calretinin as a specific marker for vagal afferent fibers in the periphery, immunocytochemistry for this protein was combined with retrograde tracing. Nerve fibers in the rat esophagus, as well as vagal and spinal sensory neurons innervating the esophagus, were investigated for co-localization of calretinin with calbindin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and NADPH diaphorase. The results indicated that calretinin immunocytochemistry demonstrates neuronal structures known as vagal afferent from other studies, in particular intraganglionic laminar endings. A few enteric neurons whose distribution was unrelated to intraganglionic laminar endings also stained for calretinin. Strikingly, calretinin immunoreactivity was absent from spinal afferent neurons innervating the rat esophagus. In intraganglionic laminar endings and nodose ganglion cells calretinin was highly co-localized with calbindin but not with calcitonin gene-related peptide. On the other hand, calbindin was also found in spinal afferents to the esophagus where it was co-localized with calcitonin gene-related peptide. Vagal afferent neurons innervating the esophagus were never positive for NADPH diaphorase. Thus, calretinin appears to be a more specific marker for vagal afferent structures in the esophagus than calbindin, which is expressed by both vagal and spinal sensory neurons. Calretinin immunocytochemistry may be utilized as a valuable tool for investigations of subpopulations of vagal afferents in certain viscera.

Published
1998

114. EUREC4A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher W., Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira L., Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter P., Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien P., Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy W., Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry A., Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra J., Gentemann, Chelle L., Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Graaf, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid O., Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégareta, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Thomas, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter J., Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert J., Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quinones Melendez, Estefania, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley M., Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome M., Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher W., Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira L., Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter P., Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien P., Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy W., Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry A., Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra J., Gentemann, Chelle L., Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Graaf, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid O., Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégareta, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Thomas, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter J., Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert J., Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quinones Melendez, Estefania, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley M., Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome M., Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zöger, Martin

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Stevens, B., Bony, S., Farrell, D., Ament, F., Blyth, A., Fairall, C., Karstensen, J., Quinn, P. K., Speich, S., Acquistapace, C., Aemisegger, F., Albright, A. L., Bellenger, H., Bodenschatz, E., Caesar, K.-A., Chewitt-Lucas, R., de Boer, G., Delanoë, J., Denby, L., Ewald, F., Fildier, B., Forde, M., George, G., Gross, S., Hagen, M., Hausold, A., Heywood, K. J., Hirsch, L., Jacob, M., Jansen, F., Kinne, S., Klocke, D., Kölling, T., Konow, H., Lothon, M., Mohr, W., Naumann, A. K., Nuijens, L., Olivier, L., Pincus, R., Pöhlker, M., Reverdin, G., Roberts, G., Schnitt, S., Schulz, H., Siebesma, A. P., Stephan, C. C., Sullivan, P., Touzé-Peiffer, L., Vial, J., Vogel, R., Zuidema, P., Alexander, N., Alves, L., Arixi, S., Asmath, H., Bagheri, G., Baier, K., Bailey, A., Baranowski, D., Baron, A., Barrau, S., Barrett, P. A., Batier, F., Behrendt, A., Bendinger, A., Beucher, F., Bigorre, S., Blades, E., Blossey, P., Bock, O., Böing, S., Bosser, P., Bourras, D., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., Bower, K., Branellec, P., Branger, H., Brennek, M., Brewer, A., Brilouet , P.-E., Brügmann, B., Buehler, S. A., Burke, E., Burton, R., Calmer, R., Canonici, J.-C., Carton, X., Cato Jr., G., Charles, J. A., Chazette, P., Chen, Y., Chilinski, M. T., Choularton, T., Chuang, P., Clarke, S., Coe, H., Cornet, C., Coutris, P., Couvreux, F., Crewell, S., Cronin, T., Cui, Z., Cuypers, Y., Daley, A., Damerell, G. M., Dauhut, T., Deneke, H., Desbios, J.-P., Dörner, S., Donner, S., Douet, V., Drushka, K., Dütsch, M., Ehrlich, A., Emanuel, K., Emmanouilidis, A., Etienne, J.-C., Etienne-Leblanc, S., Faure, G., Feingold, G., Ferrero, L., Fix, A., Flamant, C., Flatau, P. J., Foltz, G. R., Forster, L., Furtuna, I., Gadian, A., Galewsky, J., Gallagher, M., Gallimore, P., Gaston, C., Gentemann, C., Geyskens, N., Giez, A., Gollop, J., Gouirand, I., Gourbeyre, C., de G, The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement., This research has been supported by the people and government of Barbados; the Max Planck Society and its supporting members; the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. GPF18-1_69 and GPF18-2_50); the European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant EUREC4A (grant agreement no. 694768) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (H2020), with additional support from CNES (the French National Centre for Space Studies) through the EECLAT proposal, Météo-France, the CONSTRAIN H2020 project (grant agreement no. 820829), and the French AERIS Research Infrastructure; the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S015868/1, NE/S015752/1, and NE/S015779/1); ERC under the European Union’s H2020 program (COMPASS, advanced grant agreement no. 74110); the French national program LEFE INSU, by IFREMER, the French research fleet, CNES, the French research infrastructures AERIS and ODATIS, IPSL, the Chaire Chanel program of the Geosciences Department at ENS, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 817578 TRIATLAS; NOAA’s Climate Variability and Prediction Program within the Climate Program Office (grant nos. GC19-305 and GC19-301); NOAA cooperative agreement NA15OAR4320063; NOAA's Climate Program Office and base funds to NOAA/AOML's Physical Oceanography Division; Swiss National Science Foundation grant no. 188731; the UAS Program Office, Climate Program Office, and Physical Sciences Laboratory and by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant AGS-1938108; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2037 “CLICCS – Climate, Climatic Change, and Society” – project no. 390683824; and Poland’s National Science Centre grant no. UMO-2018/30/M/ST10/00674 and Foundation for Polish Science grant no. POIR.04.04.00-00-3FD6/17-02.

Published
2021

115. Authors' reply.

Author

Heckmann, J. G., Dütsch, M., Neundörfer, B., Dütsch, F., and Hortung, U.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *MEDIAN nerve injuries
Abstract

A response by the authors to a letter to the editor about their article "Leech therapy in the treatment of median nerve compression due to forearm haematoma," that was published in a 2005 issue of the "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry" is presented.

Published
2006

117. Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction. Nature Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01018-w

Author

Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop S., Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos A., Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter , Andreas, Serna, Jesús A., Garcia-Nieto, David, Fernandez, Rafael P., Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Pereir, Patric Simões, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci , Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen D., Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., and Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

Abstract

Cuevas, C.A. Schmale, J. Angot, H. Jokinen, T. Quéléver, L.L.J Blechschmidt, A.-M. Zilker, B. Richter, A. Serna, J.A. Garcia-Nieto, D. Fernandez, R.P. Skov, H. Dumitrascu, A. Pereira, P.S. Abrahamsson, K. Bucci, S. Dütsch, M. Stohl, A. Beck, I. Laurila, T. Blomquist, B. Howard, D. Archer, S Bariteau, L. Helmig, D. Hueber, J. Jacobi, H.-W. Posman, K. Dada, L. Daellenbach, K.R and Saiz-Lopez, A. (2022)

Published
2022
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118. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. O. G., Schmale, J., Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G., Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M., Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. O. G., Schmale, J., Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G., Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M., Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross- cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system

Published
2022

119. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew D, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, POG, Schmale, J, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A, Frey, Markus M, Gallagher, Michael R, Ganzeveld, L, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A, Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, POG, Schmale, J, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, De Boer, G, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A, Frey, Markus M, Gallagher, Michael R, Ganzeveld, L, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William M, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Max, Macke, Andreas, Marsay, Christopher, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A, Preußer, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Rabe, Benjamin, Radenz, Martin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stevens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross- cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system

Published
2022

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