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Stauropoctonus inaequalis new species (Figures 1B, 2C, 2D, 4, 5B) Material examined. Holotype: female (IEBR), VIETNAM, Lao Cai Province, Sapa, 1600 m, 27 May 1997, R. Matsumoto coll.; Paratypes: 1 female (IEBR), VIETNAM, Lao Cai Province, Bat Xat Nature Reserve, 22°37’37”N 103°37’32”E, 1,840 m, 29 May 2022, light trap, T. N. Pham & T. H. Dang coll.; 2 females (IEBR), VIETNAM, Lai Chau Province, Sin Ho, Sa De Phin, 22°18’18”N 103°13’37”E, 1,760 m, 31 May 2022, light trap, T. N. Pham & T. H. Dang coll.; 1 female (IEBR), Lai Chau Province, Sin Ho, Ta Ngao, 22°16’19”N 103°14’54”E, 1,520 m, 1 June 2022, light trap, T. N. Pham & T. H. Dang coll. Diagnosis. Reddish yellow with black/brown markings on mesoscutum and posterior tergite; occipital carina entirely absent; mesosternum with posterior transverse carina complete but weak medially; fore wing vein 1cu-a opposite M&RS. Description of holotype. Head with FI = 0.67, GOI = 3.4, ECI = 0.7. Antenna with 72 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 4.3× longer than wide, 1.8× length of second, 20 th flagellomere 1.8× as long as wide; lower face 0.65× as wide as high, mat, with small punctures, pubescent; clypeus 1.6× as wide as high, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.3× mandibular basal width (Fig. 4D); occipital carina completely absent. Mesosoma. Pronotum subpolished, densely finely punctate, except ventral wrinkled area, epomia absent; mesoscutum about 1.5× as long as its maximum width, mat, with dense setae; scutellum strongly convex, with coarse punctures, dense setae, with lateral carina present basally, with strong winkles posteriorly (Fig. 4B); epicnemial carina weakly present on ventral half, upper end turning towards anterior margin; mesopleuron subpolished, with fine punctures (Fig. 4A); mesosternum with posterior transverse carina complete but weak medially (Fig. 5B); metapleuron densely punctate (Fig. 4A); propodeum with anterior area striated, spiracular area coriaceous, pubescent (Fig. 4C). Wings (Figs 2C, 2D). Fore wing length ca. 19.0 mm with AI = 0.67, CI = 0.84, DI= 0.55, ICI = 1.1, SDI = 0.94, SI = 0.26, SRI = 0.42, vein 1m-cu&M sinuate, vein 1cu-a opposite M&RS, postero-distal corner of second discal cell ca. 90°, postero-distal corner of subbasal cell ca. 40°. Hind wing with NI = 1.2, BCI = 0.61, left hind wing vein RA with 10 hamuli, right one with 11 hamuli. Legs. Hind coxa about 2.4× as long as its maximum width, hind femur 0.7× as long as hind tibia, hind basitarsus 2.2× as long as second tarsomere, hind fourth tarsomere 3.2× as long as wide. Metasoma with PI = 3, DMI = 1.2, LMI = 4.3, THI = 2.8; T1 with straight petiole; T2 with elongate thyridium. Colour. Reddish yellow with black markings on interocellar area and median part of T3 dorsally; mesoscutum with three brown stripes, T5 onwards brown; wing veins reddish brown to black, pterostigma reddish. Variations. Female paratypes have antenna with 72–74 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 4.0–4.5× longer than wide, 20 th flagellomere 1.8–1.9× as long as wide; lower face 0.63–0.67× as wide as high; the fore wing length from 18.8–19.5 mm with AI = 0.7–0.8, DI= 0.53–0.55, ICI = 1.1–1.2, SDI = 0.94–0.96, SI = 0.24–0.26, SRI = 0.40–0.45; hind wing with NI = 1.1–1.3, hind wing vein RA with 9–11. The female paratype from Bat Xat Nature Reserve has three black stripes on mesoscutum and its mesosternum with black markings. Male. Unknown. Comparative notes. In Shimizu & Lima (2017), the new species keys to Stauropoctonus torresi Gauld, 1977. It differs from the latter in its entirely reddish antenna, and the punctate metapleuron. In addition, the new species has the posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete but weak medially. Etymology. Named derived from the posterior transverse carina of its mesosternum unevenly strong. Distribution. Currently known only from montane evergreen forest at elevation from 1520–1840 m of Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces, Northwest Vietnam. The new species can be inserted in the key to the world species of Stauropoctonus by Shimizu & Lima (2017) as follows: 3. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete (except weak medially in case of S. inaequalis). Laterotergite of T2 folded beneath tergites. Australasian, Oriental, and Palaearctic....................................................... 4 - Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum incomplete. Laterotergite of T2 pendant. Neotropical...................... 7 6. Postero-distal corner of subbasal cell of fore wing 50– 800. Fore wing CI = 0.5–0.7. Australasian, Oriental and Palaearctic......................................................................... S. bombycivorus (Gravenhorst, 1829) - Postero-distal corner of subbasal cell of fore wing 40– 450. Fore wing CI = 0.8–1.1.................................6’ 6’ Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete and entirely strong. Antenna blackish, distally slightly orange. Metapleuron coarsely wrinkled to reticulate. Australasian and Oriental.................................. S. torresi Gauld, 1977 - Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete but weak medially. Antenna entirely reddish. Metapleuron punctate. Oriental (Vietnam)....................................................................... S. inaequalis sp. nov., Published as part of Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Cao, Nga Thi Quynh & Shimizu, So, 2022, First record of the genus Stauropoctonus Brauns (Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species, pp. 142-150 in Zootaxa 5155 (1) on pages 144-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5155.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6669382, {"references":["Shimizu, S. & Lima, A. R. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the genus Stauropoctonus Brauns, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) in Japan. Entomological Science, 21 (1), 34 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12279","Gauld, I. D. (1977) A review of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series No. 49, 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 049"]}

Species Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus sp. nov. Sugiura, Matsumoto & Kunieda, 2022 (Figs 1–7, Tables 2–3) Paramacrobiotus sp. TYO in: Sugiura et al. (2019), Hara et al. (2021), Sugiura & Matsumoto (2021), and Sugiura et al. (2022). Material examined Forty animals (NMST-Tg-281–310, NHMD-918038–918047, holotype: NMST-Tg-299) and 33 eggs (NMST-Tg-311–333, NHMD-918048–918057) were examined under light microscopes and were deposited in National Museum of Nature and Science (NMST), Tsukuba, Japan, and Natural History Museum (NHMD), Copenhagen, Denmark, respectively. In addition, over 30 animals and eggs were observed with the scanning electron microscope and stored in the laboratory of Keio University. Description Measurements and statistics of animals are given in Table 2. The Holotype is illustrated in Fig. 1A and a paratype observed with SEM in Figs 1B–C. Adult P. metropolitanus sp. nov. specimens whitish under dark-field illumination, the juvenile transparent (data not shown). Eyes absent in live animals. Mouth anteroventral (Figs 2A–C). Buccopharyngeal apparatus the Macrobiotus type, with ten peribuccal lamellae around the mouth (Fig. 2A). Numerous conical teeth present, forming the first band of teeth posterior to the peribuccal lamellae. Conical teeth present at just behind the ring fold, forming the second band, and ridges parallel to the main axis of the buccal tube as the third band (Figs 2A–C). Approximately 20–30 small and sharp ridges on the second band, and two to four larger ridges on the third band (Fig. 2A–C). Three macroplacoids present in the pharynx, the length sequence 2hufelandi type (Y-shaped, Figs 3–4). Smooth cuticle with a cuticular bulge on the inner side of legs I–III (Fig. 3), whereas granulation on the inner surface of leg IV visible under both PCM and SEM (Figs 4A–B). Primary branches with two distinct accessory points (Fig. 4C). A long common tract with a stalk connects the claw to the lunule. Lunules smooth (Fig. 4C). Smooth body cuticle without pores, sculpturing or granulation (Figs 1 and 5). Muscle attachments (apodemes/cribriform areas) clearly visible on the cuticle, with two holes, each with densely packed pores (Fig. 5). Eggs laid freely, yellow yolk seen internally and transparent conical processes on the surface present in PCM (Figs 6A–B). Reticulated pattern with annual rings present on the surface of the processes, with slightly rough tops (Figs 6C–D). Approximately 10 areolae around each process on the surface of the egg (Fig. 6B). Smooth surface of areoles (Fig. 6E). Morphometric data are available in Table 3. All morphometric data are listed in Supporting Materials SM.01. Type locality 35.742983°N, 139.549757°E; 55 m asl: Japan, Honshu mainland, Kanto region, Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo city, Tozenji temple; urban cemetery; bamboo leaf litter. The locality described in Sugiura et al. (2019) was corrected in Hara et al. (2021). Etymology The species name of “ metropolitanus ” refers to the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo Cho-mei mushi in Japanese), the region where the species was collected. Sequence data We confirmed 100% matches between the sequence of PCR-amplicon and the sequence retrieved from the published genome of the species for 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and ITS-2 sequences. As for COI sequence, one mismatched base was found between the sequence of 658 bp PCR-amplicon and the sequence retrieved from the genome. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with IDs: LC637243 (18S rDNA), LC649795 (28S rDNA of the PCR amplicon using primer-set of 28S_Eutar_F and 28SR0090), LC649797 (28S rDNA of the PCR amplicon using primer-set of 28SF0001 and 28SR0990), LC649794 (ITS-2), LC637242 (COI sequence deduced from the genome), and LC649796 (COI sequence of PCR-amplicon). Phenotypic differential diagnosis The new species P. metropolitanus sp. nov. with microplacoid, smooth lunules, and its egg without pored surface on the areolae is similar to the following seven species but differs specifically from (data from original descriptions of the compared species): • P. danielae Pilato, Binda, Napolitano & Moncada 2001, known from Ecuador and Peru, by the lack of eyes, and the lack of body granulation, larger body length (200–390 μm in P. danielae vs 393–711 μm in the new species). • P. experimentalis, known only from Madagascar, by the lack of wrinkled surface on the egg areolae, the presence of cuticular bulge on inner surface of claws I–III and granulation on inner surface of leg IV. • P. garynahi Kaczmarek, Michalczyk & Diduszko, 2005, known only from Russia, by the lack of oval pores on the cuticle, the lack of granulation in the first three pairs of legs, the lack of a cap-like structure on the top of the egg process, smaller egg bare diameter (96.0–132.0 μm in P. garynahi vs 58.1–90.1 μm in the new species), and by a smaller egg diameter with processes (142.0–180.0 μm in P. garynahi vs 81.7–112.1 μm in the new species). • P. hapukuensis Pilato, Bind & Lisi, 2006, known only from New Zealand, by the lack of finger-shaped apices of egg processes, and the presence of leg granulation. • P. peteri Pilato, Claxton & Binda, 1989, known only from Australia and Indonesia (Pilato et al. 1989; Pilato and Binda, 1990; Mackness, 2003), by the lack of a cuticular thickening near the lunules I–III, the lack of subdivided apices of egg processes, a lower number of processes on the egg circumference (16–18 in P. peteri vs 10–15 in the new species), and by a higher number of areolae around egg processes (6–7 in P. peteri, approximately 10 in the new species). • P. rioplatensis Claps & Rossi, 1997, known only from Uruguay, by the lack of eyespots, a larger body (227– 372 μm in P. rioplatensis vs 392.5–710.8 μm in the new species), a longer buccal tube (38 μm in P. rioplatensis, over 40–58.4 μm in the new species), a larger egg full diameter (68–79 μm in P. rioplatensis vs 81.7–112.1 μm in the new species), the lack of the a filament-shaped apex of egg processes, higher egg processes (4.6 μm height in P. rioplatensis vs over 7.4 μm in the new species), and by a lower number of processes on the egg circumference (17–19 in P. rioplatensis vs 10–15 in the new species). • P. savai Binda & Pilato, 2001, known from only Sri Lanka, by the lack of eyespots, the lack of a cuticular thickening near the lunules of the first three legs, a different egg process shapes (blunt in P. savai vs conical in the new species), and by a slightly smaller egg full diameter (115 μm in P. savai vs 81.7–112.1 μm in the new species). Genetic differential diagnosis Below is a summary of genetic p-distances, whereas detailed matrices are available in Supporting Material SM.02. • 18S rDNA: 0.5%–3.6%, with the most similar species being P. experimentalis from Madagascar (MN073467 –8 and MH664938) and the least similar being P. areolatus NO. 385 from Svalbard (MH664931). • 28S rDNA: 0.98–7.5%, with the most similar species being P.experimentalis (MN073465 –6and MH664956) and the least being Paramacrobiotus tonollii Ramazzotti, 1956 strain US.035 from USA (MH664963). • ITS-2: 9.9–33.9%, with the most similar species being P. experimentalis (MH073463 –4 and MH666087) and the least similar species being P. tonollii (GQ403679, MH666096). • COI: 21.2–32.6%, with the most similar species being Paramacrobiotus sp. strain TZ.018 from Tanzania (MH676017) and with the least similar species being Paramacrobiotus depressus Guidetti, Cesari, Bertolani, Altiero & Rebecchi, 2019 from Italy (MK041013). Phylogeny The supported bootstrap values of ML trees were usually low (P. kenianus, P. experimentalis, and an undescribed species from Tanzania) and the Neotropics (two unidentified species from Brazil). Genetic species delineation Both, the ITS-2 and the COI BI trees indicated that the cluster of P. metropolitanus sp. nov. is a separate species with>93% probabilities by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian supported solutions. (A) SEM image of the postero-dorsal surface of P. metropolitanus sp. nov. (B) Magnified image of dorsal cuticle apodemes corresponding to the white dashed box in A. (C) Magnified image of the left apodemes in B. White-filled indented arrowheads indicate the apodemes. Scale bars = μm.

In recent years, the environment surrounding Japan’s agriculture andforestry industry has been severely affected by a shortage of bearers, anaging population, and the deterioration of farmland and forest land, leavingnot only those involved in agriculture and forestry but also many peopleinvolved in “food” feeling uncertain about the future.Under these circumstances, it is considered necessary to increase theincome of producers by adding value to agricultural products. In responseto this current state of agriculture, 6th industrialization is expected tocreate rural community industries that promote multifaceted communityrevitalization.From this perspective, this paper covers the case of 6th industrializationin Matsumoto Highland Agricultural Cooperative in Nagano Prefecture.Focusing particularly on the winery, this report clarifies the developmentprocess of 6th industrialization, specific efforts, and challenges faced by thecase.The paper clarifies, in particular, the role of 6th industrialization in thepromotion of agricultural production, as well as in the formation of regionalbrands.

本稿では、教育職員免許法施行規則の一部改正により義務化された教職課程の自己点検・評価に関する動向を踏まえ、松本大学で組織された教職課程自己点検・評価委員会の取り組みを中心に、教職課程の自己点検・評価の実施方法について考察した。特に、教職課程の自己点検・評価に係る法令改正等に関するこれまでの経緯を示したうえで、本学で取り組んだ教職課程の自己点検・評価の目的、実施体制、実施方法、実施のサイクル、全国私立大学教職課程協会（全私教協）モデルとの比較等について示した。また、各学部の3ポリシーと教職課程の関係について考察し、小・中学校等で学校教育法の規定に基づき実施している学校評価とを比較した。

松本大学教育実践改善賞は、学校法人松商学園の原点である戊戌学会の設立120周年を記念し、松本大学のさらなる発展と地域貢献により、地域における本学の社会的地位の向上を目指して、2018年に創設された。本賞は、「地域立大学」をスローガンとして掲げる本学が、長野県全体の教育振興および教職に就いた本学卒業生の力量向上に関して、これまで一定の役割を果たしてきた。本稿では、5年間の応募者状況を分析し、小学校教員および特別支援学校教員の応募が相対的に多い傾向があることを示した。また、年代別応募状況として20代の教員が多いことから、賞創設の趣旨でもある若手教員の職能成長に繋がることを考察した。

Summary A simulation practice of direct composite veneer restoration was newly started during the clinical training period of the 5th year conservatory course of Matsumoto Dental University since the AY 2020. This manuscript presents an overview of the program and examines its educational effects based on the evaluation of an anonymous questionnaire by students who participated in the program in 2020. 72 students in total participated in the 5th year clinical internship in AY 2020, and the program was conducted 9 times for 8 students each in the Department of Operative Dentistry. After a lecture and demonstration by the instructor, four pairs of two students each were assigned to practice direct composite veneer restoration without tooth reduction by applying the layering technique. After the practice, a lecture on the technique,materials and equipment used was given, followed by exercises on the relevant questions of the National Dental Examination that were asked in the past. After the program, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to the participants regarding their level of knowledge of direct composite veneer restoration before and after the program and their self–evaluation of the completion of their practice. The response rate of the questionnaires was 100%. After the program, 68% of the respondents answered that they “understood the direct composite veneer restoration very well” and 31% answered that they “understood it somewhat well. None of the respondents answered that they “did not understand much” or “did not understand at all. When asked whether the contents of the program deepened their knowledge of operative dentistry, 83% of the respondents answered “Very effective” and 15% answered “Somewhat effective”, and none of the respondents answered “Not very effective” or “Not at all effective”. These results suggested that the program was effective in deepening the knowledge level of operative dentistry.

Summary In the academic year (AY) 2020, a new educational program began to be implementedduring the clinical training period of the fifth–year at the Department of Operative Dentistry,Matsumoto Dental University Hospital. The effectiveness of the introduction of one of these programs, preparation of the examination questions regarding clinical cases, was examined based on the evaluation of a questionnaire survey completed by the participating students. A total of 72 students of clinical clerkship program in the fifth grade of the AY 2020 participated in a preparation of the examination questions regarding clinical cases.Small group discussions were used for this exercise. Each group consisted of four students,and the exercise was conducted in two groups. One or two assistant professors or lecturer took turns serving as tutors for each session. First, visual materials of some cases were provided to the students, who discussed them in groups and identified clinical problems in each case. First, the students were provided with visual materials of four cases and discussed them in groups to identify clinical problems in each case. Then, in a one–hour group work, students prepared one examination questions regarding clinical cases according to the question preparation sheet. Next, the students presented the question prepared by each group, shared the question among the groups, and had a discussion to brush up the examination question among the students. The tutor explained the main points to make the exam questions better, focusing on the points raised by the students during the discussion. After the exercise, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to the participants regarding the difficulty level of the preparation of the examination questions regarding clinical cases, the effectiveness of the exercise in improving their knowledge of operative dentistry, and the group work. 94% of the students answered that the exercise was “very difficult” or “somewhat difficult,” but a very high percentage (99%)of the students answered that “this exercise was effective in deepening my knowledge ofoperative dentistry. In the group work, 68% of the students answered that their contribution was 60% or more. Therefore, the new educational program, collaborative learning through preparation of the examination questions regarding clinical cases, was generally well received by the students and was considered effective in improving their knowledge of operative dentistry.

Artykuł recenzyjny dotyczy najnowszych monografii polskich uczonych (także tych stworzonych z udziałem japońskiego publicysty), które są poświęcone wynikom wieloletnich badań naukowych nad losami polskich dzieci jako ofiar I oraz II wojny światowej. Wspólnym mianownikiem analiz jest fakt rekonstrukcji repatriacji polskich dzieci po I wojnie światowej i po II wojnie światowej z Syberii do Polski. Autor zachęca do przeczytania dwóch monografii Wiesława Theissa, w tym jednej napisanej wspólnie z Teruo Matsumoto z Japonii, oraz historycznego studium z lat 1944–1948, które Witold J. Chmielewski poświęcił repatriacji polskich dzieci-uchodźców z Syberii do Nowej Zelandii. Sięgnięcie do tych książek powinno sprzyjać doskonaleniu warsztatu metodologicznego historyków oświaty i wychowania. Upbringing Historians about the Fate of Polish Children during Two World Wars The review article concerns the latest monographs of Polish scientists with the participation of a Japanese journalist, which are devoted to the results of many years of scientific research on the fate of Polish children as victims of the First and Second World Wars. The common denominator of the analyzes is the reconstruction of the repatriation of Polish children from Siberia to Poland after World War I and after World War II. The author invites you to read two monographs by Wiesław Theiss, including one written together with Teruo Matsumoto from Japan and a historical study from 1944–1948, which Witold J. Chmielewski devoted to the repatriation of Polish refugee children from Siberia to New Zealand. Using these books should help to improve the methodological workshop of education and upbringing historians.

Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies (Figs. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13) Type locality. Annob��n Island. Type material. Holotype male, deposited at BMNH, labelled: ��� ANNOBON IS: 9.vii.1959.- 22.viii.1959 Cambridge Univ. Exped. B.M.1960-51 // BMNH (E) # 604250 // NHMUK010877601 [Barcode]���. Additional label on red paper added ��� Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum ssp. nov. K. Matsumoto HOLOTYPE ♂ ��� Paratypes (6 males, 17 females, BMNH) labelled: same locality data as for the holotype, with additional label ��� Prosopocoilus natalensis Parry M.E. Bacchus det.1961��� and ��� BMNH (E) # 604245 // NHMUK010877602 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604246 // NHMUK010877603 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604247 // NHMUK010877604 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604248 // NHMUK010877605 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604249 // NHMUK010877606 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604259 // NHMUK010877607 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604276 // NHMUK010877608 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604277 // NHMUK010877609 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604278 // NHMUK010877610 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604279 // NHMUK010877611 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604280 // NHMUK010877612 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604281 // NHMUK010877613 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604282 // NHMUK010877614 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604283 // NHMUK010877615 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604284 // NHMUK010877616 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604285 // NHMUK010877617 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604286 // NHMUK010877618 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604287 // NHMUK010877619 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604288 // NHMUK010877620 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604289 // NHMUK010877621 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604290 // NHMUK010877622 ���; ��� BMNH (E) # 604291 // NHMUK010877623 ��� and ��� BMNH (E) # 604292 // NHMUK010877624 ���. All paratype specimens have been labelled with a red paratype label: ��� Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum ssp. nov. K. Matsumoto PARATYPE [♂ or ♀]���. Description of holotype, male (Figs. 1, 4, 13). Body length: 24.9 mm. Colour: Dorsal habitus appears reddish brown or dark brown. Lateral habitus has same colouration as dorsal habitus, except circular orange patch covers most of the metasternum. Mandibles appear to have darker reddish brown colouration. Head: 2.4 times wider than long, reverse-triangular depression present from the anterolateral angles and the posterior end of the head, one circular and one small oval black marking near the anterolateral margin. Circular black marking present nearer the anterolateral margin than the small oval black marking. Canthus covers half of the outer surface of the eye; deep punctures surrounding the eye. Posterior ocular sides of the head swollen. Clypeus is convex on the outer 2/3 and trapezium shaped clypeolabrum present. Mentum is semi-circular, deeply punctured, no hairs present. Submentum wrinkled. Mandibles: Left mandible has seven teeth, with gap between the basal teeth and the rest of the teeth, which are clustered. Right mandible with 6 teeth, gap present between basal tooth and rest of the teeth. Both mandibles are depressed in the middle, finely punctured, and as long as head. Pronotum: Broad, finely punctured and smooth, anterior margin more strongly bisinuate than posterior margin, sides gently curved to beyond the middle, posterolateral angle concave, two small black markings near the middle of lateral margin. Scutellum: Well developed, triangular with curved outer edge, shining, finely punctured. Elytra: Oval, smooth, as wide as the pronotum, finely punctured, anterolateral angle pointed, 2.5 times longer than the pronotum. Outer margin flat throughout. Humeral angles not protruding. Legs: Protibiae straight, acute forked apex, three teeth present decreasing in size on lateral margin, forked externally at their extremity. Mesotibiae with small teeth along the middle. Metatibiae untoothed. Left protibiae and tarsi are significantly shorter than those on the right-hand side. All tibiae have short golden hairs aligned parallel to the lateral margin of the tibia. Antennae: Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 and 6 are pointed, but not lamellate, as antennomeres 8���10. Scape is shorter than the length of the head. Genitalia: Aedeagus in dorsal view about 2.97 times as long as wide. Basal piece in dorsal view rather oblong and elongate, approximately 1.2 times as long as parameres, median lobe narrow. Flagellum 2.13 mm long, symmetrical, similar length to aedeagus, slender, beltlike in basal half, trifurcate from apical 2/5 and inflated part present when hydrated before the flagellum trifurcate. Variability in males: Paratypes somewhat variable in body length 26.36���30.38 mm including mandibles. Colour of the head and pronotum of one paratype appears to be darker than the holotype. Females (Figs. 4, 10). Measurements: Length 18.45���22.79 mm including mandibles. Colour: Whole body appears dark reddish brown or dark brown on both dorsal and lateral sides, mandibles appear to darken on the outer edge. Head: 2.2 times wider than long, deeply and sparsely punctured and similar length as the pronotum. Canthus covers half of the outer surface of the eye, outer margin of canthus sinuate. Mentum semi-circular, deeply punctured, with a tuft of reddish hairs in the middle. Clypeus rectangular, with concave on anterior margin. Mentum. Submentum sparsely punctured, with few long hairs present on the anterior and concave in the middle. Mandibles: Mandibles short, asymmetrical, black. One major tooth present on the right mandible, and two teeth seem to be fused together on the left mandible. Pronotum: broad, finely punctured, smooth and shiny. Deep punctures concentrating near the outer margin of the pronotum. Anterior margin strongly bisinuate compared to the posterior margin, sides rounded to beyond the middle. Small black marking near the middle of lateral margin. Scutellum: well developed, triangular with curved outer edge, shiny, finely punctured. Elytra: Oval, smooth shiny, as wide as the pronotum, finely punctured, no hairs present, 2.5 times as long as the pronotum. Outer margin flat. Legs: Protibiae straight, acute forked apex, 7 to 3 teeth present, decreasing in size on lateral margin, forked externally at their extremity. Mesotibiae with small, sharp tooth along the middle. Metatibiae toothless. All tibiae with very short golden hairs aligned parallel to the lateral margin of the tibia. Antennae: Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 and 6 are sharply pointed at tip, but not lamellate as antennomeres 8���10. Scape is shorter than the length of the head. Genitalia: Genital plate narrow, short with broadened and semicircular apical apex, and narrower basally with sharp basal apex. Etymology. The species epithet is the genitive plural of the Latin amicis, ���friends���. This subspecies is dedicated to my friends from Royal Holloway (University of London), Queen Mary (University of London), BMNH and many other entomologists I have met so far. Diagnosis. There are clear morphological differences between P. antilopus amicorum new subspecies, and P. antilopus antilopus, including the subspecies found in Gulf of Guinea islands. The following characteristics of P. antilopus amicorum new subspecies can be used to distinguish it from P. antilopus antilopus (Swederus, 1787) and associated subspecies: 1) prosternal process slightly narrower (♂ and ♀); 2) mesosternal process of is narrower (♂ and ♀); 3) elytra is shorter and much rounder at the posterior end (♂ and ♀); 4) aedeagus narrower (♂), 5) flagellum is shorter (♂), 6) pronotum has flat outline around the lateral margin (♀). Distribution. This subspecies is only known from Annob��n (Gulf of Guinea), and is assumed to be endemic to this island. Other material examined for comparison: Prosopocoilus antilopus antilopus (Swederus, 1787) (Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14) 1♂, 1♀ (BMNH), labelled: ��� Sierra Leone. Njala 27.x.1933 Poinoiana. E. Hargreaves. // Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B. M. 1934-49 // BMNH (E) # 604371 // NHMUK013307227 ��� (♀); ��� Sierra Leone. Njala 27.x.1933 Poinoiana. E. Hargreaves. // Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B. M. 1934-49 // BMNH (E) # 604327 // NHMUK013307226 ��� (♂). Identification. The type specimen was described by Swederus from Drury���s collection, and the type locality is Sierra Leone. Unfortunately, depository of the Drury���s specimen remains unknown; therefore, the specimens used in this study are assumed to be P. antilopus antilopus. Distribution. Western to Central Africa (Bartolozzi & Werner 2004). Prosopocoilus antilopus insulanus Kriesche, 1919 (Figs. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) 1♂, 2♀ (BMNH), labelled: ��� SAO TOME, 264m, Antenna, Guadalupe, 00��22'49.9"N, 06��38'47.4"E, 31.x.2016, MV Trap // Turner, C.R., Tasane, T., leg. BMNH (E) 2017-11, TripRef:ST-001(ANHRT 21)��� and unique identification number with barcode: ��� NHMUK010580366 ��� (♀), ��� NHMUK010580250 ��� (♂), ��� NHMUK010580355 ��� (♀); 1♂ (BMNH), labelled: ��� SAO TOME, 186m, Ponta Furada, 00��14'01.8"N, 06��28'15.5"E, 24.x.2016, MV Light Trap // Turner, C.R., Tasane, T., leg. BMNH (E) 2017-11, TripRef:ST-001 (ANHRT 21)��� and unique identification number with barcode ��� NMHUK010583221 ���. Identification. Kriesche described this species with the type locality S��o Tom��. It was the only species of Prosopocoilus collected by the African Natural History Research Trust and Natural History Museum, London expedition led by Clive R. Turner and T �� nis Tasane. It is assumed that this subspecies is endemic to S��o Tom��. Distribution. S��o Tom�� (Bartolozzi & Werner 2004)., Published as part of Matsumoto, Keita, 2019, Description of a new subspecies of Prosopocoilus antilopus (Swederus, 1787) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Annob��n Island, Gulf of Guinea, pp. 581-586 in Zootaxa 4559 (3) on pages 581-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2627113, {"references":["Swederus, N. S. (1787) Et nytt genus, och femtio nya species af Insekter beskrifne. Svenska Fetenskaps Akademien Nya Handlingar, 8, 181 - 201.","Bartolozzi, L. & Werner, K. (2004) Illustrated catalogue of the Lucanidae from Africa and Madagascar. Taita Publishers, Hradec Kralove, 192 pp.","Kriesche, R. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen Cladognathinen (Col. Lucan.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 9, 157 - 176."]}