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51. DRIVER VIGILANCE MONITORING - NEW DEVELOPMENTS

Author: S. Boverie, J Thomas, D. Daurenjou, H. Poulard, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Systems engineering, Monitoring system, Advanced driver assistance systems, business, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer, Vigilance (psychology), media_common
Abstract: Driver drowsiness is a major cause of traffic crashes all over the world. The real time detection and assessment of driver impairment through non-intrusive driver drowsiness detection system is a real challenge. Within this paper a quick overview of former development related with driver monitoring system is given. Then latest developments and results concerning sensing capabilities and diagnostic are presented. Finally some promising results are presented.
Published: 2002
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52. High-gain weakly nonlinear flux-modulated Josephson parametric amplifier using a SQUID array

Author: Patrice Bertet, Xin Zhou, Waltraut Wustmann, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Vitaly Shumeiko, Vivien Schmitt, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013), European contract ScaleQit, and Vion, Denis
Subjects: squeezing, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-S] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], amplification, Inductor, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), quantum, Resonator, PACS number: 85.25.−j, 84.40.Dc, 42.50.Lc, 42.65.Yj, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Parametric, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Amplifier, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Inductance, Amplitude, amplifer, Optoelectronics, Parametric oscillator, business, squid, Microwave, Josepson
Abstract: We have developed and measured a high-gain quantum-limited microwave parametric amplifier based on a superconducting lumped LC resonator with the inductor L including an array of 8 superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). This amplifier is parametrically pumped by modulating the flux threading the SQUIDs at twice the resonator frequency. Around 5 GHz, a maximum gain of 31 dB, a product amplitude-gain x bandwidth above 60 MHz, and a 1 dB compression point of -123 dBm at 20 dB gain are obtained in the non-degenerate mode of operation. Phase sensitive amplification-deamplification is also measured in the degenerate mode and yields a maximum gain of 37 dB. The compression point obtained is 18 dB above what would be obtained with a single SQUID of the same inductance, due to the smaller nonlinearity of the SQUID array., 7 pages, 4 figures, 23 references
Published: 2014
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53. Multimode Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Fields in a Spin Ensemble

Author: Brian Julsgaard, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, Michael Stern, Klaus Mølmer, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Hitoshi Sumiya, Cecile Grezes, Takashi Umeda, Hiroshi Abe, Vincent Jacques, Jérôme Estève, Junichi Isoya, Shinobu Onoda, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multi-mode optical fiber, QC1-999, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum memory, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum information, Computational problem, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Computer Science::Databases, Microwave, Spin-½, Quantum computer
Abstract: International audience; A quantum memory at microwave frequencies, able to store the state of multiple superconducting qubits for long times, is a key element for quantum information processing. Electronic and nuclear spins are natural candidates for the storage medium as their coherence time can be well above 1 s. Benefiting from these long coherence times requires one to apply the refocusing techniques used in magnetic resonance, a major challenge in the context of hybrid quantum circuits. Here, we report the first implementation of such a scheme, using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to a superconducting resonator, in a setup compatible with superconducting qubit technology. We implement the active reset of the nitrogen-vacancy spins into their ground state by optical pumping and their refocusing by Hahn-echo sequences. This enables the storage of multiple microwave pulses at the picowatt level and their retrieval after up to 35 μs, a 3 orders of magnitude improvement compared to previous experiments.
Published: 2014
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54. Tunable microwave impedance matching to a high impedance source using a Josephson metamaterial

Author: Daniel Esteve, Philippe Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Denis Vion, Fabien Portier, Olivier Parlavecchio, Patrice Roche, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This project was funded by the CNano-IDF Shot-E-Phot, the Triangle de la Physique DyCoBloS and ANR AnPhoTeQ and Masquel grants., ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007)
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Impedance matching, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Electrical impedance, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Shot noise, Metamaterial, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Inductance, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: We report the efficient coupling of a $50\,\Omega$ microwave circuit to a high impedance conductor. We use an impedance transformer consisting of a $\lambda/4$ co-planar resonator whose inner conductor contains an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), providing the resonator with a large and tunable lineic inductance $\mathcal{L}\sim 80 \mu_0$, resulting in a large characteristic impedance $Z_C\sim 1\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$. The impedance matching efficiency is characterized by measuring the shot noise power emitted by a dc biased high resistance tunnel junction connected to the resonator. We demonstrate matching to impedances in the $15$ to $35\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$ range with bandwidths above $100\,\mathrm{MHz}$ around a resonant frequency tunable in the $4$ to $6\,\mathrm{GHz}$ range., Comment: Published in Applied Physics Letters
Published: 2014
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55. Proximity Effect and Multiple Andreev Reflections in Gold Atomic Contacts

Author: Y. Naveh, Michel Devoret, Wolfgang Belzig, Cristian Urbina, Elke Scheer, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermal conduction, Andreev reflection, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Atom, Quasiparticle, Proximity effect (superconductivity), Density of states, ddc:530, Spectroscopy
Abstract: We investigate the electronic transport properties of gold point contacts with superconducting aluminum leads. The modifications induced by the proximity effect in the quasiparticle density of states at the contact region are measured by tunnel spectroscopy. The theory of transport through multiple Andreev reflections is extended to incorporate these effects and used to determine the number and transmission coefficients of the conduction channels in the contact regime. We find that the smallest contacts, formed by one gold atom between the electrodes, contribute one single channel to the transport with variable transmission $T$ between 0.1 and 1.
Published: 2001
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56. Two new hybrid diagnostic methodologies for real time diagnosis and supervision: A novel approach

Author: N. Hernandez Gress and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Artificial neural network, Neuro-fuzzy, business.industry, Computer science, Hybrid system, Outlier, Fuzzy set, Radial basis function, Maximization, Artificial intelligence, business, Defuzzification, Fuzzy logic
Abstract: This paper presents a new hybrid diagnostic methodology. This new hybrid system involves statistical pre-processing, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL). The statistical pre-processing of data allows outliers to be eliminated (filtering) and dimensional reduction while keeping the most important data. Then, each process state is learned by one of the original constructive algorithms discussed: Multidimensional Fuzzy Sets (MFS) which fuzzyfies binary ANN or Generalized Radial Basis Functions (GRBF) learned by the Estimation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The final step is the final decision by Fuzzy Logic algorithms, in which an automatic defuzzification method is proposed. These methodologies produce some parameters which allows real-time to be performed.
Published: 1999
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57. IMU: Integrated Monitoring Unit of the Save Diagnostic System

Author: A. Bekiaris, Daniel Esteve, and Neil Hernandez-Gress
Subjects: Engineering, Data acquisition, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Inertial measurement unit, Real-time computing, Line (text file), Sensor fusion, business, Diagnostic system, Fuzzy logic, Unit (housing)
Abstract: In this paper, the diagnostic part of the SAVE system is described. It is composed of three main diagnostic subsystems 1) behavioural diagnosis, 2) physical diagnosis and 3) critical diagnosis. Each subsystem uses different sensors on-board the vehicle and the information is placed in a hierarchical order and mixed to obtain a general diagnosis. A model (black-box), learned off line, is compared on line to the actual driver's performance. Owing to the inherent difficulty of this problem, the model is created by using Statistical and Artificial Intelligence algorithms (Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic). Laboratory experiments were made and yielded a success rate in excess of 95%. On-line experiments have started using the SAVE demonstrators in which the system is able to differentiate between the driving behaviour of two persons with a success rate of 98% under the same real traffic conditions.
Published: 1998
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58. What are Landauer's conduction channels in an atomic-size metallic contact?

Author: Michel Devoret, Philippe Joyez, Cristian Urbina, Elke Scheer, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Valence (chemistry), Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Quantum chemistry, Nonlinear system, Atomic radius, Atomic orbital, ddc:530, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum
Abstract: Using microfabricated break junctions, we have produced Al and Au contacts consisting of a small number of atoms. These metallic quantum point contacts accomodate a small number of conduction channels. We have determined the individual transmission coefficients in contacts containing up to six conduction channels. The determination is based on a comparison of the highly nonlinear current–voltage characteristics in the superconducting state with the predictions of the theory for a single channel superconducting contact (in the case of Au contacts superconductivity is induced by means of the proximity effect). We find that in the smallest achievable contacts usually three channels contribute to the transport in the case of Al, whereas only one does in the case of Au. These findings are consistent with the quantum chemistry point of view that the channels are determined by the valence atomic orbitals at the narrowest section of the contacts.
Published: 1998
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59. First principle calculation of oxygen adsorption on a (1 0 0) silicon surface — First stages of the thermal oxidation

Author: M. Djafari Rouhani, Daniel Esteve, and Alain Estève
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Thermal oxidation, General Computer Science, Silicon, Ab initio, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Oxygen, Bond length, Computational Mathematics, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, First principle, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Density functional theory
Abstract: We present a full ab initio calculation of the oxygen atom in interaction with a (1 0 0) silicon surface. This calculation is based on the density functional theory (DFT) via the Harris functional. Preliminary results reported concern the calculation leading to the oxygen preferential setting on the surface. The total energy, angles and bond lengths are evaluated. We find two preferential sites for the oxygen which are linked in the oxidation process. One is identified as a molecular site and occurs first. The other is close to be a SiO 2 crystalline site. The effect of the oxygen density at the surface is also discussed.
Published: 1998
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60. Superconducting qubit as a probe of squeezing in a nonlinear resonator

Author: Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Denis Vion, Florian R. Ong, Andrew C. Doherty, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Physics, Flux qubit, Charge qubit, Quantum sensor, Quantum noise, Quantum Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum fluctuation, Quantum computer
Abstract: In addition to their central role in quantum information processing, qubits have proven to be useful tools in a range of other applications such as enhanced quantum sensing and as spectrometers of quantum noise. Here we show that a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to a nonlinear resonator can act as a probe of quantum fluctuations of the intraresonator field. Building on previous work [M. Boissoneault et al., Phys. Rev. A 85, 022305 (2012)], we derive an effective master equation for the qubit which takes into account squeezing of the resonator field. We show how sidebands in the qubit excitation spectrum that are predicted by this model can reveal information about the squeezing factor $r$. The main results of this paper have already been successfully compared to experimental data [F. R. Ong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 047001 (2013)], and we present here the details of the derivations.
Published: 2014
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61. Multiplexed readout of transmon qubits with Josephson bifurcation amplifiers

Author: Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Alexandre Blais, K. Juliusson, Baptiste Royer, Xin Zhou, Vivien Schmitt, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), This work was supported by the European FP7 QIPC project ScaleQIT, by the CCQED network, and by the NSERC of Canada., and European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Rabi cycle, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Amplifier, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Bandwidth (signal processing), FOS: Physical sciences, Transmon, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Quantum mechanics, Qubit, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Quantum computer
Abstract: Achieving individual qubit readout is a major challenge in the development of scalable superconducting quantum processors. We have implemented the multiplexed readout of a four transmon qubit circuit using non-linear resonators operated as Josephson bifurcation amplifiers. We demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of Rabi oscillations of the four transmons. We find that multiplexed Josephson bifurcation is a high-fidelity readout method, the scalability of which is not limited by the need of a large bandwidth nearly quantum-limited amplifier as is the case with linear readout resonators., 7 pages, 6 figures, and 31 references
Published: 2014
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62. Flux Qubits with Long Coherence Times for Hybrid Quantum Circuits

Author: Yuimaru Kubo, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Michael Stern, Gianluigi Catelani, Daniel Esteve, Audrey Bienfait, Cecile Grezes, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Peter Grünberg Institut, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI), This work was supported by the ANR CHIST-ERA project QINVC, the C'Nano IdF project QUANTROCRYO, the ERC project CIRQUSS, the JSPS, and by the EU under REA Grant Agreement No. CIG-618258 (G. C.)., ANR-11-CHRI-0003,QINVC(2011), and European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014)
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, DECOHERENCE, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Flux qubit, Quantum decoherence, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Dephasing, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Physics, STATE, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Qubit, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT, ddc:550, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Superconducting quantum computing
Abstract: We present measurements of superconducting flux qubits embedded in a three dimensional copper cavity. The qubits are fabricated on a sapphire substrate and are measured by coupling them inductively to an on-chip superconducting resonator located in the middle of the cavity. At their flux-insensitive point, all measured qubits reach an intrinsic energy relaxation time in the $6--20\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ range and a pure dephasing time comprised between 3 and $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. This significant improvement over previous works opens the way to the coherent coupling of a flux qubit to individual spins.
Published: 2014
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63. Managing Requirements: For an Integrated Approach from System Engineering to Project Management

Author: Rui Xue, Michel Malbert, Philippe Esteban, Claude Baron, Daniel Esteve, Sigma Plus, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Colombus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Équipe Ingénierie Système et Intégration (LAAS-ISI), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Bernard Grabot, Bruno Vallespir, Samuel Gomes, Abdelaziz Bouras, Dimitris Kiritsis, TC 5, WG 5.7, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 021103 operations research, Collaborative engineering, business.industry, Program management, Process (engineering), Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Project Management, 02 engineering and technology, Project team, System Engineering, Market requirements document, 021105 building & construction, New product development, Systems engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], Project management, business, Collaborative Engineering, Project management triangle
Abstract: Part 1: Knowledge Discovery and Sharing; International audience; This paper puts forward several evolutions in methodological approaches to « project management». Firstly, it aims to bring closer the founding models of different engineering approachesincluding systems engineering and project management recommendations to allow fora greater continuity and enhanced management coherence,from beginning to end of the project. It focuses on operating a generic process, called DECWAYS, based on handling management requirements:(1)analyze the requirements to arrive at a complete inventory of the final product ;(2)associate with each one of these requirements ,an « indicator » setting a target objective for completion, supplemented by a risk function detailing the risk at hand based on the deviation relative to this target objective; (3)share and allocate the responsibility for requirements follow-up between the project team leaders; (4) organize and coordinate the follow up of these indicators throughout the product development as proof of a good work management and,(5) finally, validate the total completion of the target objectivesthrough the final prediction/completion conformity of these indicators. Based on this, several operational recommendations are explained and the practicality of DECWAYS embodying these principles is demonstrated using an experimental example for the design/planning of an electronic key.
Published: 2014
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64. Theory of microwave spectroscopy of Andreev bound states with a Josephson junction

Author: Hugues Pothier, M. Houzet, Daniel Esteve, Caglar Girit, Landry Bretheau, Cristian Urbina, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Work partially financed by ANR through projects ANR-09-BLAN-0199- 01 DOC-FLUC, ANR-12-BS04-0016 MASH and ANR- 11-JS04-003-01 GLASNOST. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n°PIIF-GA-2011-298415., ANR-09-BLAN-0199,DOC-FLUC,Détection ' on-chip ' des fluctuations quantiques de courant de nano-systèmes(2009), ANR-12-BS04-0016,MASH,Etats de Majorana et d'Andreev dans des circuits hybrides combinant des matériaux magnétiques et supraconducteurs(2012), ANR-11-JS04-0003,GLASNOST,Lois générales pour la supraconductivité mésoscopique en régime hors d'équilibre non-stationnaire(2011), and European Project: 298415,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF,DIRACOOPER(2012)
Subjects: Physics, Josephson effect, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Andreev reflection, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Quantum mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Bound state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), PACS numbers: 74.45.+c, 73.23.-b, 74, Microscopic theory, Cooper pair, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Harmonic oscillator, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: We present a microscopic theory for the current through a tunnel Josephson junction coupled to a non-linear environment, which consists of an Andreev two-level system coupled to a harmonic oscillator. It models a recent experiment [Bretheau, Girit, Pothier, Esteve, and Urbina, Nature (London) 499, 312 (2013)] on photon spectroscopy of Andreev bound states in a superconducting atomic-size contact. We find the eigenenergies and eigenstates of the environment and derive the current through the junction due to inelastic Cooper pair tunneling. The current-voltage characteristic reveals the transitions between the Andreev bound states, the excitation of the harmonic mode that hybridizes with the Andreev bound states, as well as multi-photon processes. The calculated spectra are in fair agreement with the experimental data., 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2014
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65. Dynamical Coulomb Blockade of Shot Noise

Author: Patrice Roche, Daniel Esteve, Carles Altimiras, Olivier Parlavecchio, P. Joyez, Denis Vion, Fabien Portier, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), This project was funded by the CNano-IDF Shot-E-Phot and Masquel, the Triangle de la Physique DyCoBloS and ANR AnPhoTeQ grants., and ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Shot noise, General Physics and Astronomy, Spectral density, Coulomb blockade, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Characteristic impedance, law.invention, SQUID, Resonator, High impedance, law, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Abstract: International audience; We observe the suppression of the finite frequency shot-noise produced by a voltage biased tunnel junction due to its interaction with a single electromagnetic mode of high impedance. The tunnel junction is embedded in a quarter wavelength resonator containing a dense SQUID array providing it with a characteristic impedance in the kOhms range and a resonant frequency tunable in the 4-6 GHz range. Such high impedance gives rise to a sizeable Coulomb blockade on the tunnel junction (roughly 30% reduction in the differential conductance) and allows an efficient measurement of the spectral density of the current fluctuations at the resonator frequency. The observed blockade of shot-noise is found in agreement with an extension of the dynamical Coulomb blockade theory.
Published: 2014
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66. Conduction Channel Transmissions of Atomic-Size Aluminum Contacts

Author: Elke Scheer, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, Michel Devoret, and Philippe Joyez
Subjects: Length scale, Superconductivity, Physics, Atomic radius, Condensed matter physics, Bar (music), Quasiparticle, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:530, Transmission coefficient, Andreev reflection, Voltage
Abstract: The isV , td curves present a series of sharp current steps at voltage values V › 2Dyne, where n is a positive integer and D is the superconducting gap. The well-known process of single quasiparticle transport corresponds to n › 1. The common phenomenon behind the other steps is multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) of quasiparticles between the two superconducting banks [14]. The order n › 2, 3, . . . , of a step corresponds to the number of electronic charges transferred in the underlying MAR process. As the transmission of the channel rises from 0 to 1, the higher order processes grow stronger and the subgap current increases progressively. This so-called “subharmonic gap structure” has already been observed in superconducting weak links and tunnel junctions with a very large number of channels [15,16]. Measurements [17] of the current-voltage characteristic ( IV ) of Nb and Pb single channel tunnel junctions with an adjustable transmission t1 have shown that the height of the successive current steps is proportional to increasing powers of t1 ,i n FIG. 1. Measured current-voltage characteristics (symbols) of four different configurations of sample #1 at 30 mK and best numerical fits (lines). The individual channel transmissions and total transmission T obtained from the fits are (a) t1 › 0.997, t2 › 0.46, t3 › 0.29, T › 1.747; (b) t1 › 0.74, t2 › 0.11, T › 0.85; (c) t1 › 0.46, t2 › 0.35, t3 › 0.07, T › 0.88; and (d) T › t1 › 0.025. Voltage and current are in reduced units. The measured superconducting gap was Dye › 182.5 6 2.0 mV. Left inset: Theoretical IVs for a single channel superconducting contact for different values of its transmission coefficient t (from bottom to top: 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9, 0.99, 1) after [12]. Right inset: Typical total transmission traces measured at V $ 5 Dye, while opening the contact at around 6 pmys, for samples #1 and #2. The bar indicates the distance scale.
Published: 1997
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67. Erratum to: Energy distribution of electrons in an out-of-equilibrium metallic wire

Author: Norman O. Birge, Daniel Esteve, Michel Devoret, Hugues Pothier, and Sophie Guéron
Subjects: Physics, Energy distribution, Condensed matter physics, Copper wire, Function (mathematics), Electron, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Metal, Distribution function, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Quasiparticle, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We have measured with a tunnel probe the energy distribution function of quasiparticles in the middle of a 1.5 μm-long copper wire placed between two reservoirs at different potentials. We find a distribution function close to half the sum of the Fermi distributions in the reservoirs. The deviation from this behavior is not yet understood.
Published: 1997
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68. Semaphorin 3C is a novel adipokine linked to extracellular matrix composition

Author: Vanessa Pellegrinelli, Joan Tordjman, Erik Näslund, Anne Bouloumié, Niklas Mejhert, P. Lång, Vladimir Stich, Nathalie Viguerie, Catherine-Ines Kolditz, Dominique Langin, Jean Galitzky, Ingrid Dahlman, D Lacasa, Mikael Rydén, Paul Trayhurn, Karine Clément, Daniel Esteve, Florian Wilfling, Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory (NOVUM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Cell Biology [New Haven], Yale University School of Medicine-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Danderyd Hospital, Obesity Biology Unit, University of Liverpool, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Department of Sports Medicine, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan IFB], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Simon, Marie Francoise, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM)-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Danderyds sjukhus = Danderyd University Hospital, Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory ( NOVUM ), Yale School of Medicine-Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Charles University [Prague], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adipose Tissue, White, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Adipose tissue, Adipokine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Semaphorins, White adipose tissue, Biology, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adipokines, Semaphorin, Fibrosis, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, food and beverages, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Extracellular Matrix, Endocrinology, Function (biology)
Abstract: International audience; AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) function, including changes in protein (adipokine) secretion and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, promote an insulin-resistant state. We set out to identify novel adipokines regulated by body fat mass in human subcutaneous WAT with potential roles in adipose function. METHODS: Adipose transcriptome data and secretome profiles from conditions with increased/decreased WAT mass were combined. WAT donors were predominantly women. In vitro effects were assessed using recombinant protein. Results were confirmed by quantitative PCR/ELISA, metabolic assays and immunochemistry in human WAT and adipocytes. RESULTS: We identified a hitherto uncharacterised adipokine, semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), the expression of which correlated significantly with body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMAIR], and the rate constant for the insulin tolerance test [KITT]) and adipose tissue morphology (hypertrophy vs hyperplasia). SEMA3C was primarily found in mature adipocytes and had no direct effect on human adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, glucose transport or the expression of β-oxidation genes. This could in part be explained by the significant downregulation of its cognate receptors during adipogenesis. In contrast, in pre-adipocytes, SEMA3C increased the production/secretion of several ECM components (fibronectin, elastin and collagen I) and matricellular factors (connective tissue growth factor, IL6 and transforming growth factor-β1). Furthermore, the expression of SEMA3C in human WAT correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis in WAT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: SEMA3C is a novel adipokine regulated by weight changes. The correlation with WAT hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo, as well as its effects on ECM production in human pre-adipocytes in vitro, together suggest that SEMA3C constitutes an adipocyte-derived paracrine signal that influences ECM composition and may play a pathophysiological role in human WAT.
Published: 2013
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69. Statistics Methodology for Automatic Detection Vigilance in Real Time: Automotive Application

Author: Daniel Esteve, J. Armando Herrera-Corral, Said Labreche, and Neil Hernandez-Gress
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Real-time computing, Automotive industry, computer.software_genre, Principal component analysis, Autoregressive–moving-average model, Data mining, Cluster analysis, business, computer, Vigilance (psychology), media_common
Abstract: Once the in board smart multisensor danger detection copilot system defined (1992). LAAS-CNRS has investigated different methodological approaches to realise the diagnosis. Three complementary directions have been identified : a. The following of the driving mistakes in terms of trafiic regulations (1992); b. The evaluation time of the reactivity capability of the driver. We have studied Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), (1993) and c. The driving procedural analysis on which we are working in this contribution (1994). We are now planning to introduce a pre-metric by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Experiment : A driver realises several times the experiment which consists of negotiating a cross-roads.
Published: 1996
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70. Supercurrent Spectroscopy of Andreev States

Author: Cristian Urbina, Landry Bretheau, Caglar Girit, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CNANO-Ile-de-France, ANR-12-BS04-0016,MASH,Etats de Majorana et d'Andreev dans des circuits hybrides combinant des matériaux magnétiques et supraconducteurs(2012), ANR-09-BLAN-0199,DOC-FLUC,Détection ' on-chip ' des fluctuations quantiques de courant de nano-systèmes(2009), and European Project: 298415,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF,DIRACOOPER(2012)
Subjects: QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Link (knot theory), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quasiparticle, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave, Excitation
Abstract: We measure the excitation spectrum of a superconducting atomic contact. In addition to the usual continuum above the superconducting gap, the single particle excitation spectrum contains discrete, spin-degenerate Andreev levels inside the gap. Quasiparticle excitations are induced by a broadband on-chip microwave source and detected by measuring changes in the supercurrent flowing through the atomic contact. Since microwave photons excite quasiparticles in pairs, two types of transitions are observed: Andreev transitions, which consists of putting two quasiparticles in an Andreev level, and transitions to odd states with a single quasiparticle in an Andreev level and the other one in the continuum. In contrast to absorption spectroscopy, supercurrent spectroscopy allows detection of long-lived odd states., Comment: typos corrected
Published: 2013
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71. Quantum heating of a nonlinear resonator probed by a superconducting qubit

Author: Florian R. Ong, François Mallet, Andrew C. Doherty, Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Institute for Quantum Computing [Waterloo] (IQC), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), School of Physics [UNSW Sydney] (UNSW), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 266367,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2010-4,SOLID(2011), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Phase qubit, Qubit, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum, Excitation, Quantum fluctuation, Quantum computer, PACS numbers: 85.25.Cp, 03.67.Lx
Abstract: We measure the quantum fluctuations of a pumped nonlinear resonator using a superconducting artificial atom as an in situ probe. The qubit excitation spectrum gives access to the frequency and amount of excitation of the intracavity field fluctuations, from which we infer its effective temperature. These quantities are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions; in particular, we experimentally observe the phenomenon of quantum heating.
Published: 2013
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72. Back-action of a driven nonlinear resonator on a superconducting qubit

Author: Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Denis Vion, Andrew C. Doherty, and Florian R. Ong
Subjects: Physics, Quantum Physics, Flux qubit, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Dephasing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Open quantum system, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Master equation, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum computer
Abstract: We study the backaction of a driven nonlinear resonator on a multi-level superconducting qubit. Using unitary transformations on the multi-level Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and quantum optics master equation, we derive an analytical model that goes beyond linear response theory. Within the limits of validity of the model, we obtain quantitative agreement with experimental and numerical data, both in the bifurcation and in the parametric amplification regimes of the nonlinear resonator. We show in particular that the measurement-induced dephasing rate of the qubit can be rather small at high drive power. This is in contrast to measurement with a linear resonator where this rate increases with the drive power. Finally, we show that, for typical parameters of circuit quantum electrodynamics, correctly describing measurement-induced dephasing requires a model going beyond linear response theory, such as the one presented here., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2012
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73. Superconducting Quantum Point Contacts

Author: Marcelo Goffman, P. Joyez, Hugues Pothier, L. Tosi, Caglar Girit, Landry Bretheau, Cristian Urbina, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Physics, Josephson effect, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, ATOMIC CONTACTS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, Quantum point contact, General Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, QUANTUM TRANSPORT, FOS: Physical sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Quantum transport, Metallic electrode, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Point (geometry), Scattering theory, Quantum
Abstract: We review our experiments on the electronic transport properties of atomic contacts between metallic electrodes, in particular superconducting ones. Despite ignorance of the exact atomic configuration, these ultimate quantum point contacts can be manipulated and well characterized in-situ. They allow performing fundamental tests of the scattering theory of quantum transport. In particular, we discuss the case of the Josephson effect. Nous décrivons un ensemble d'expériences de transport électronique que notre groupe a réalisées sur des contacts atomiques entre des électrodes métalliques, en particulier dans l'état supraconducteur. Bien que leur configuration atomique exacte ne soit pas connue, ces contacts ponctuels quantiques peuvent être manipulés et caractérisés in-situ, et permettent de mener à bien des tests fondamentaux de la théorie en diffusion du transport quantique. Nous discutons en particulier le cas de l'effet Josephson. Fil: Bretheau, L.. Service de Physique de Lʼétat Condensé; Francia Fil: Girit, Ç.. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia Fil: Tosi, Leandro. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Goffman, M.. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia Fil: Joyez, P.. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia Fil: Pothier, H.. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia Fil: Esteve, D.. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; Francia Fil: Urbina, C.. Service de Physique de Lʼétat Condensé; Francia
Published: 2012
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74. Electron spin resonance detected by a superconducting qubit

Author: Yuimaru Kubo, Hiroshi Abe, Alexia Auffèves, Takashi Yamamoto, Igor Diniz, Vincent Jacques, Junichi Isoya, A. Dréau, Jean-François Roch, Patrice Bertet, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onoda, Takahide Umeda, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Cecile Grezes, Daniel Esteve, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Research Center for Knowledge Communities, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Electronics and Materials R & D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Electronics and Materials R & D Laboratories, Electronics and Materials R & D laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Flux qubit, Charge qubit, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Center (category theory), Resonance, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Transmon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Qubit, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: A new method for detecting the magnetic resonance of electronic spins at low temperature is demonstrated. It consists in measuring the signal emitted by the spins with a superconducting qubit that acts as a single-microwave-photon detector, resulting in an enhanced sensitivity. We implement this new type of electron-spin resonance spectroscopy using a hybrid quantum circuit in which a transmon qubit is coupled to a spin ensemble consisting of NV centers in diamond. With this setup we measure the NV center absorption spectrum at 30mK at an excitation level of \thicksim15\,\mu_{B} out of an ensemble of 10^{11} spins., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRX
Published: 2012
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75. Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble

Author: Shinobu Onoda, Vincent Jacques, Hitoshi Sumiya, A. Dewes, Norio Morishita, Junichi Isoya, Igor Diniz, Jean-François Roch, Cecile Grezes, A. Dréau, Daniel Esteve, Yuimaru Kubo, Hiroshi Abe, Alexia Auffèves, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Takahide Umeda, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory [Nagoya] (STEL), Nagoya University, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)
Subjects: Flux qubit, Charge qubit, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Qutrit, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Transmon, One-way quantum computer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing
Abstract: We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare arbitrary superpositions of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back later on into the qubit. These results constitute a first proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits., 13 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary information
Published: 2011
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76. Characterization of a two-transmon processor with individual single-shot qubit readout

Author: Vivien Schmitt, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, A. Dewes, Daniel Esteve, R. Lauro, Florian R. Ong, and Nicolas Boulant
Subjects: Physics, Capacitive coupling, Quantum Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Transmon, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Optics, Bell's theorem, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, Quantum process, State (computer science), Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business, Quantum computer
Abstract: We report the characterization of a two-qubit processor implemented with two capacitively coupled tunable superconducting qubits of the transmon type, each qubit having its own non-destructive single-shot readout. The fixed capacitive coupling yields the \sqrt{iSWAP} two-qubit gate for a suitable interaction time. We reconstruct by state tomography the coherent dynamics of the two-bit register as a function of the interaction time, observe a violation of the Bell inequality by 22 standard deviations after correcting readout errors, and measure by quantum process tomography a gate fidelity of 90%.
Published: 2011

77. Storage and Retrieval of a Microwave Field in a Spin Ensemble

Author: Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Igor Diniz, A. Dewes, Vincent Jacques, A. Dréau, Jean-François Roch, Yuimaru Kubo, Denis Vion, Alexia Auffèves, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spin-½, Superconductivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quasiparticle, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract: We report the storage and retrieval of a small microwave field from a superconducting resonator into collective excitations of a spin ensemble. The spins are nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The storage time of the order of 30 ns is limited by inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble., 4 pages + supplementary material. Submitted to PRL
Published: 2011
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78. Bright Side of the Coulomb Blockade

Author: Patrice Roche, Quentin Baudouin, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Max Hofheinz, Daniel Esteve, P. Joyez, and Fabien Portier
Subjects: Josephson effect, Pi Josephson junction, Physics, Photon, Condensed matter physics, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, General Physics and Astronomy, Coulomb blockade, Superconducting tunnel junction, Biasing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: The dynamical Coulomb blockade (DCB) of tunneling is a quantum phenomenon in which tunneling of charge through a small tunnel junction is modified by its electromagnetic environment [1‐4]. This environment is described as an impedance in series with the tunnel element [see Fig. 1(a)]. The sudden charge transfer associated with tunneling can generate photons in the electromagnetic modes of the environment. In a normal metal tunnel junction, biased at voltage V, the energy eV of a tunneling electron can be dissipated both into quasiparticle excitations in the electrodes and into photons. At low temperature energy conservation forbids tunneling processes emitting photons with total energy higher than eV. This suppression reduces the conductance at low bias voltage [1,2,4]. In a Josephson junction, DCB effects are more prominent since at bias voltages smaller than the gap voltage 2� =e quasiparticle excitations cannot take away energy. Therefore, as sketched in Fig. 1(a), the entire energy 2eV of tunneling Cooper pairs has to be transformed into photons in the impedance for a dc current to flow through the junction [3,4]. Experiments have confirmed the predictions of DCB theory for the tunneling current, both in the normal [5‐7] and superconducting case [8,9] but the associated emission of photons into the environment has never been investigated. The aim of this work is to fill this gap by exploring the photonic side of DCB. We do so by embedding a Josephson junction into a well controlled electromagnetic environment provided by a microwave resonator. The resonator in turn leaks photons into an amplifier, allowing us to measure the rate and spectrum of photons emitted by the junction.
Published: 2011
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79. Evidence for long-lived quasiparticles trapped in superconducting point contacts

Author: Daniel Esteve, Q. Le Masne, Cristian Urbina, M. Zgirski, Landry Bretheau, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and C'Nano IdF
Subjects: Quantum point contact, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Trapping, 01 natural sciences, 74.45.+c, 74.50.+r, 73.23.-b, Andreev reflection, quasiparticle lifetime, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, quantum point contact, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, atomic contact, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, quasiparticle poisoning, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 3. Good health, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Andreev states, Quasiparticle, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We have observed that the supercurrent across phase-biased, highly transmitting atomic size contacts is strongly reduced within a broad phase interval around {\pi}. We attribute this effect to quasiparticle trapping in one of the discrete sub-gap Andreev bound states formed at the contact. Trapping occurs essentially when the Andreev energy is smaller than half the superconducting gap {\Delta}, a situation in which the lifetime of trapped quasiparticles is found to exceed 100 \mus. The origin of this sharp energy threshold is presently not understood., Comment: Article (5 pages) AND Supplemental material (14 pages). To be published in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2011
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80. Passing electrons one by one: is a 10/sup -8/ accuracy achievable?

Author: Cristian Urbina, Hugues Pothier, P. Lafarge, Daniel Esteve, and Michel Devoret
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Electron, Upper and lower bounds, Computational physics, Single electron, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Probability of error, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Zero temperature, business, Instrumentation, Quantum tunnelling, Electronic circuit
Abstract: The error mechanisms of the single electron pump with an arbitrary number of junctions are analyzed. An upper bound for the error probability is computed analytically at zero temperature. It is shown that a 10/sup -8/ accuracy is achievable for devices with five or more junctions. >
Published: 1993
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81. Circuit QED with a Nonlinear Resonator : ac-Stark Shift and Dephasing

Author: Alexandre Blais, François Mallet, Andrew C. Doherty, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Maxime Boissonneault, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, A. Dewes, Florian R. Ong, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Physics, Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Amplifier, Quantum limit, Dephasing, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Resonator, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: We have performed spectroscopic measurements of a superconducting qubit dispersively coupled to a nonlinear resonator driven by a pump microwave field. Measurements of the qubit frequency shift provide a sensitive probe of the intracavity field, yielding a precise characterization of the resonator nonlinearity. The qubit linewidth has a complex dependence on the pump frequency and amplitude, which is correlated with the gain of the nonlinear resonator operated as a small-signal amplifier. The corresponding dephasing rate is found to be close to the quantum limit in the low-gain limit of the amplifier., Paper : 4 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary material : 1 page, 1 figure
Published: 2010

82. Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator

Author: Yuimaru Kubo, Joerg Wrachtrup, A. Dréau, Florian R. Ong, Marie-France Barthe, Alexia Auffèves, Fedor Jelezko, D. Zheng, Patrice Bertet, Vincent Jacques, Daniel Esteve, Philippe Bergonzo, Jean-François Roch, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Physikalisches Institut [Stuttgart] (Pfaffenwaldring 57, D–70550 Stuttgart, Germany), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and Stuttgart University
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Spin engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spin (physics), Electron paramagnetic resonance, Nitrogen-vacancy center, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: We report the realization of a quantum circuit in which an ensemble of electronic spins is coupled to a frequency tunable superconducting resonator. The spins are Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The achievement of strong coupling is manifested by the appearance of a vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmission spectrum of the resonator when its frequency is tuned through the NV center electron spin resonance., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2010
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83. Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality in time with weak measurement

Author: François Nguyen, Denis Vion, François Mallet, Alexander N. Korotkov, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, and Agustin Palacios-Laloy
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Quantum Physics, Classical mechanics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak measurement, State (functional analysis), Leggett–Garg inequality, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Object (philosophy)
Abstract: The violation of J. Bell's inequality with two entangled and spatially separated quantum two- level systems (TLS) is often considered as the most prominent demonstration that nature does not obey ?local realism?. Under different but related assumptions of "macrorealism", plausible for macroscopic systems, Leggett and Garg derived a similar inequality for a single degree of freedom undergoing coherent oscillations and being measured at successive times. Such a "Bell's inequality in time", which should be violated by a quantum TLS, is tested here. In this work, the TLS is a superconducting quantum circuit whose Rabi oscillations are continuously driven while it is continuously and weakly measured. The time correlations present at the detector output agree with quantum-mechanical predictions and violate the inequality by 5 standard deviations., 26 pages including 10 figures, preprint format
Published: 2010

84. A mesoscopic model of the intermixing during nanoenergetic materials processing

Author: Anne Hémeryck, Alain Estève, Georges Landa, Daniel Esteve, M. Djafari Rouhani, Carole Rossi, and M. Petrantoni
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Differential equation, Thin films, Interfaces, Ab initio, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, 01 natural sciences, Diffusion, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Thin film, Bimetallic strip, 010302 applied physics, Mesoscopic physics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanostructures, Multilayers, Chemical physics, Intermetallic compounds, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; A general mesoscopic model for the simulation of thin film vapor deposition applied to energetic materials, specifically bimetallic multilayers, is presented. We describe the set up of this mesoscopic simulator developed in the frame of a multiscale study by implementing data into a set of differential equations. We present numerical results relative to the formation of barrier layers as a result of interdiffusion between successive bimetallic AlNi multilayers. The key role of the vacancies species created during deposition is highlighted.
Published: 2010
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85. Asymmetric diffusion as a key mechanism in Ni/Al energetic multilayer processing: A first principles study

Author: Anne Hémeryck, Georges Landa, Jean-Marie Ducéré, C. Rossi, Alain Estève, M. Djafari Rouhani, Daniel Esteve, M. Petrantoni, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Surface diffusion, Exothermic reaction, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Endothermic process, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Barrier layer, Crystallography, Nickel, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical physics, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Surface states
Abstract: Adsorption and penetration of Al and Ni atoms into Ni(111) and Al(111), respectively, are investigated through first principles calculations, shedding light into the driving forces impacting Al/Ni interfaces produced during multilayer deposition. The authors show that Ni deposition follows an exothermic path toward penetration associated with small activation barriers while Al on Ni(111) path is endothermic accompanied with high activations. Moreover, Ni and Al penetrations proceed through interstitial and substitutional sites, respectively. These differentiated behaviors at early deposition stages illustrate that dual processing conditions are required to achieve the growth of specific Ni/Al interfaces during multilayer deposition processes and that a local melting process at the interface is mandatory to arrive at the formation of a proper barrier layer.
Published: 2010
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86. Single-shot qubit readout in circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

Author: François Nguyen, Daniel Esteve, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Florian R. Ong, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-08-BLAN-0074,QUANTJO,Quantum Physics with Josephson Circuits(2008)
Subjects: Physics, Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Transmon, One-way quantum computer, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Quantum technology, Phase qubit, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Qubit, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, 85.25.Cp, 74.78.Na, 03.67.Lx, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: The future development of quantum information using superconducting circuits requires Josephson qubits [1] with long coherence times combined to a high-fidelity readout. Major progress in the control of coherence has recently been achieved using circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures [2, 3], where the qubit is embedded in a coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR) which both provides a well controlled electromagnetic environment and serves as qubit readout. In particular a new qubit design, the transmon, yields reproducibly long coherence times [4, 5]. However, a high-fidelity single-shot readout of the transmon, highly desirable for running simple quantum algorithms or measur- ing quantum correlations in multi-qubit experiments, is still lacking. In this work, we demonstrate a new transmon circuit where the CPWR is turned into a sample-and-hold detector, namely a Josephson Bifurcation Amplifer (JBA) [6, 7], which allows both fast measurement and single-shot discrimination of the qubit states. We report Rabi oscillations with a high visibility of 94% together with dephasing and relaxation times longer than 0:5 \mu\s. By performing two subsequent measurements, we also demonstrate that this new readout does not induce extra qubit relaxation., Comment: 14 pages including 4 figures, preprint format
Published: 2010
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87. Single-electron transfer in metallic nanostructures

Author: Michel Devoret, Cristian Urbina, and Daniel Esteve
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, Tunnel junction, Chemistry, Coulomb, Coulomb blockade, Field-effect transistor, Semiconductor device, Electron, Quantum, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: Electrons can be made to pass through a circuit one by one, in nanoscale devices based on the combination of the Coulomb interaction between electrons and their passage by quantum tunnelling through an insulating barrier. Single-electron devices provide a new way of measuring the charge quantum, and clarify how electronic signal processing at the molecular level might function.
Published: 1992
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88. Spectral measurement of the thermal excitation of a superconducting qubit

Author: François Nguyen, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, Florian R. Ong, Daniel Esteve, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-08-BLAN-0074,QUANTJO,Quantum Physics with Josephson Circuits(2008)
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 85.25.Cp, 74.78.Na, 03.67.Lx, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Superconductivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Transmon, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Amplitude, Thermal radiation, Qubit, Relaxation (physics), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Excitation, Microwave
Abstract: Phys. Scr. 2009, 014015; International audience; We report the measurement of the fluctuations of a transmon qubit through the noise spectrum of the microwave signal that measures its state. The amplitude of the Lorentzian noise power spectrum allows to determine the average qubit excitation, in agreement with the estimated thermal radiation reaching the sample. Its width yields the qubit energy relaxation rate which decreases with temperature, contrary to the predictions for a two-level system solely coupled to thermal radiation. This indicates the existence of another non-radiative energy relaxation channel for the qubit.
Published: 2009
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89. Geiger avalanche photodiodes as tentative light detectors for VHE gamma ray astronomy

Author: Denis Pellion, F. Moutier, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, Abdelali Rennane, K. Jradi, A. Le Padellec, V. Borrel, C. Magenc, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales ( CEMES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), and Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse )
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, business.industry, High-energy astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Avalanche photodiode, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Geiger counter, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Due to its sensitivity and speed, the detector still widely used in Cerenkov astrophysics experiments remains the PhotoMultiplier Tube (PMT). For instance, recent pathbreaking experiments in Very High Energy astrophysics (VHE), such as MAGIC and HESS, have used mainstream PMT technology (Aharonian et al, Astron Astrophys 492(1):L25-L28, 2008). Moreover the Cerenkov Telescope Array (CTA) which is now in its design phase, is also planed to be based on PMT's. However, there are some disadvantages to the PMT technology: the rather poor quantum efficiency, the use of high voltages, the high cost when used in large number in a matrix arrangement and the large weight. Hence, we have investigated the possibility to design future Cerenkov telescopes based on solid state technology, specifically Geiger avalanche photodiodes. In a preliminary development
Published: 2009
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90. Asymmetric noise probed with a Josephson junction

Author: Norman O. Birge, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Q. Le Masne, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [East Lansing], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, and ANR-06-NSCI-0001,CHENANOM,Characterization of electronic nanodevices by noise measurements(2006)
Subjects: Josephson effect, noise, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Pi Josephson junction, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Josephson, Supercurrent, FCS, Biasing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, moment, 72.70.+m, 85.25.Cp, 73.23.-b, 74.50.+r, Superconducting tunnel junction, Current (fluid), cumulant
Abstract: Fluctuations of the current through a tunnel junction are measured using a Josephson junction. The current noise adds to the bias current of the Josephson junction and affects its switching out of the supercurrent branch. The experiment is carried out in a regime where switching is determined by thermal activation. The variance of the noise results in an elevated effective temperature, whereas the third cumulant, related to its asymmetric character, leads to a difference in the switching rates observed for opposite signs of the current through the tunnel junction. Measurements are compared quantitatively with recent theoretical predictions., To be published in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2009
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91. BLOCH OSCILLATIONS IN A JOSEPHSON CIRCUIT

Author: Nicolas Boulant, François Nguyen, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Cristian Urbina, Hugues Pothier, Patrice Bertet, G. Ithier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Eurosqip
Subjects: Josephson effect, Physics, Mesoscopic physics, Josephson junctions, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Transistor, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Bloch oscillations, law.invention, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Pi Josephson junction, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Capacitor, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electrical impedance, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Microwave
Abstract: Bloch oscillations predicted to occur in current-biased single Josephson junctions have eluded direct observation up to now. Here, we demonstrate similar Bloch oscillations in a slightly richer Josephson circuit, the quantronium. The quantronium is a Bloch transistor with two small junctions in series, defining an island, in parallel with a larger junction. In the ground state, the microwave impedance of the device is modulated 2e periodically with the charge on the gate capacitor coupled to the transistor island. When a current I flows across this capacitor, the impedance modulation occurs at the Bloch frequency /( 2 )  f I e , which yields Bloch sidebands in the spectrum of a reflected continuous microwave signal. We have measured this spectrum, and compared it to predictions based on a simple model for the circuit. We discuss the interest of this experiment for metrology and for mesoscopic physics.
Published: 2008
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92. Phase controlled superconducting proximity effect probed by tunneling spectroscopy

Author: P. Joyez, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, H. Le Sueur, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Phase difference, Physics, Superconductivity, Microscope, Local density of states, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 74.45.+c, 07.79.-v, 74.78.Na, 73.20.At, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Proximity effect (superconductivity), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Using a dual-mode STM-AFM microscope operating below 50mK we measured the Local Density of States (LDoS) along small normal wires connected at both ends to superconductors with different phases. We observe that a uniform minigap can develop in the whole normal wire and in the superconductors near the interfaces. The minigap depends periodically on the phase difference. The quasiclassical theory of superconductivity applied to a simplified 1D model geometry accounts well for the data., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2008
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93. Help to monitoring of elderly by using physical activities criteria

Author: E. Campo, Sylvain Bonhomme, Daniel Esteve, and M. Chan
Subjects: Computer science, Biomedical Engineering, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gerontology
Published: 2008
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94. Tunable resonators for quantum circuits

Author: Patrice Bertet, François Nguyen, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Thermal fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Quality (physics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Electronic circuit, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Coplanar waveguide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Qubit, Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: We have designed, fabricated and measured high-Q $\lambda/2$ coplanar waveguide microwave resonators whose resonance frequency is made tunable with magnetic field by inserting a DC-SQUID array (including 1 or 7 SQUIDs) inside. Their tunability range is 30% of the zero field frequency. Their quality factor reaches up to 3$\times10^4$. We present a model based on thermal fluctuations that accounts for the dependance of the quality factor with magnetic field., Comment: subm. to JLTP (Proc. of LTD12 conference)
Published: 2007

95. Electron heating in metallic resistors at sub-Kelvin temperature

Author: Benjamin Huard, Hugues Pothier, K. E. Nagaev, Daniel Esteve, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya ulica 11, 125009 Moscow, Russia (IRE), and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Subjects: Coupling, Materials science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, 72.15.Lh,73.50.-h,73.23.-b,73.50.+d,72.70.+m, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Resistor, Diffusion (business), Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Joule heating, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Voltage, Electron cooling
Abstract: International audience; In the presence of Joule heating, the electronic temperature in a metallic resistor placed at sub-Kelvin temperatures can significantly exceed the phonon temperature. Electron cooling proceeds mainly through two processes: electronic diffusion to and from the connecting wires and electron-phonon coupling. The goal of this paper is to present a general solution of the problem, in a form that can easily be used in practical situations. As an application, we compute two quantities that depend on the electronic temperature profile: the second and the third cumulant of the current noise at zero frequency, as a function of the voltage across the resistor. We also consider time dependent heating, an issue relevant for experiments in which current pulses are used, for instance in time-resolved calorimetry experiments.
Published: 2007
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96. Nanoenergetic Materials for MEMS: A Review

Author: Pierre Alphonse, Kaili Zhang, Carole Rossi, Philippe Tailhades, Constantin Vahlas, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE)
Subjects: Microelectromechanical systems, Nanoelectromechanical systems, Materials science, synthesis, thermal power generation, Mechanical Engineering, Matériaux, microelectromechanical system (MEMS), microelectromechanical devices, Mechanical engineering, Thermal power station, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Propulsion, nanoscale energetic material (nEMs), Thermal diffusivity, Terms—Materials processing, micropyrotechnics, Materials science and technology, materials science and technology, propulsion, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Microscale chemistry
Abstract: International audience; New energetic materials (EMs) are the key to great advances in microscale energy-demanding systems as actuation part, igniter, propulsion unit, and power. Nanoscale EMs (nEMs)particularly offer the promise of much higher energy densities, faster rate of energy release, greater stability, and more security sensitivity to unwanted initiation). nEMs could therefore give response to microenergetics challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research activities in nEMs for microenergetics application. While thermodynamic calculations of flame temperature and reaction enthalpies are tools to choose desirable EMs, they are not sufficient for the choice of good material for microscale application where thermal losses are very penalizing. A strategy to select nEM is therefore proposed based on an analysis of the material diffusivity and heat of reaction. Finally, after a description of the different nEMs synthesis approaches, some guidelines for future investigations are provided.
Published: 2007
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97. Quantum nondemolition readout using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier

Author: Chad Rigetti, François Nguyen, F. Pierre, G. Ithier, Michel Devoret, Nicolas Boulant, Irfan Siddiqi, Denis Vion, R. Vijay, Daniel Esteve, and P. J. Meeson
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, Josephson effect, Research Groups and Centres\Physics\Low Temperature Physics, Quantum decoherence, business.industry, Faculty of Science\Physics, Amplifier, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum amplifier, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, Superconducting tunnel junction, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum
Abstract: We report an experiment on the determination of the quantum nondemolition (QND) nature of a readout scheme of a quantum electrical circuit. The circuit is a superconducting quantum bit measured by microwave reflectometry using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier. We perform a series of two subsequent measurements, record their values and correlation, and quantify the QND character of this readout.
Published: 2007
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98. Current to frequency conversion in a Josephson circuit

Author: Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, François Nguyen, N. Boulant, G. Ithier, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and This work has been supported by the European project Eurosqip and by the C'nano grant 'signaux rapides'.
Subjects: Josephson effect, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pi Josephson junction, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Research Groups and Centres\Physics\Low Temperature Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Faculty of Science\Physics, JUNCTIONS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, BLOCH OSCILLATIONS, Capacitor, PACS 74.50.+r, 74.25.Fy, 74.45.+c, 74.78.Na, 73.63.-b, Optoelectronics, Constant current, Superconducting tunnel junction, Cooper pair, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave, Voltage
Abstract: The voltage oscillations which occur in an ideally current-biased Josephson junction, were proposed to make a current standard for metrology. We demonstrate similar oscillations in a more complex Josephson circuit derived from the Cooper pair box: the quantronium. When a constant current I is injected in the gate capacitor of this device, oscillations develop at the frequency fB=I/2e, with e the electron charge. We detect these oscillations through the sidebands induced at multiples of fB in the spectrum of a microwave signal reflected on the circuit, up to currents I exceeding 100 pA. We discuss the potential interest of this current to frequency conversion experiment for metrology., To be published in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2007
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99. Measurement of the current-phase relation of superconducting atomic contacts

Author: Benjamin Huard, M.L. Della Rocca, Hugues Pothier, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, M. Chauvin, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Josephson effect, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Josephson coupling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, SQUID, Tunnel junction, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Phase relation, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: We have probed the current-phase relation of an atomic contact placed with a tunnel junction in a small superconducting loop. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of a resistively shunted SQUID model in which the Josephson coupling of the contact is calculated using the independently determined transmissions of its conduction channels., Comment: to be published in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2007
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100. A MEMS-based solid propellant microthruster array for space and military applications

Author: N Metatla, A. Chaalane, R. Chemam, B Ouari, Djillali Mahi, Ahmed Dkhissi, M Houabes, Daniel Esteve, Reda Yahiaoui, and A Metatla
Subjects: Microelectromechanical systems, Propellant, History, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Adhesive bonding, Nozzle, Mechanical engineering, Thrust, Combustion, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, MODEL, Ignition system, law, MICRO, COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR, THRUSTER, Deep reactive-ion etching, Composite material
Abstract: Since combustion is an easy way to achieve large quantities of energy from a small volume, we developed a MEMS based solid propellant microthruster array for small spacecraft and micro-air-vehicle applications. A thruster is composed of a fuel chamber layer, a top-side igniter with a micromachined nozzle in the same silicon layer. Layers are assembled by adhesive bonding to give final MEMS array. The thrust force is generated by the combustion of propellant stored in a few millimeter cube chamber. The micro-igniter is a polysilicon resistor deposited on a low stress SiO2/SiNx thin membrane to ensure a good heat transfer to the propellant and thus a low electric power consumption. A large range of thrust force is obtained simply by varying chamber and nozzle geometry parameters in one step of Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). Experimental tests of ignition and combustion employing home made (DB+x% BP) propellant composed of a Double-Base and Black-Powder. A temperature of 250 therefore degrees C, enough to propellant initiation, is reached for 40 mW of electric power. A combustion rate of about 3.4 mm/s is measured for DB+20% BP propellant and thrust ranges between 0.1 and 3,5 mN are obtained for BP ratio between 10% and 30% using a microthruster of 100 mu m of throat wide.
Published: 2015
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