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Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ricerca Psicoanalitica is the property of PAGEPress and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychology (UNLP) / Revista de Psicología (UNLP) is the property of Facultad de Psicologia Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinica y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past years, psychopathology has frequently been represented as a complex system, where psychiatric symptoms are causally interconnected in a network architecture. The network theory of psychopathology has led to more than 300 novel publications, academic courses, methodology for estimating novel models, and freely available software. However, despite the success of this novel research avenue, all relevant information has mostly been published in English. This paper translates the network theory of psychopathology and its model, together with its relevance for research and clinical practice of psychology and psychiatry, to the Spanish language. To serve the dissemination of this theory, this paper serves as an introductory paper for Spanish scholars, for example, as a starting point to learn more about the approach or for academic courses. The main idea of the network theory of psychopathology is that the activation of one clinical symptom in the network leads to the activation of a neighboring symptom. If symptoms are strongly connected with each other, for example, excessive worry and insomnia, they are more likely to be in the same state, meaning that if a person faces a stressful life event such as losing one's job, the activation of the symptom excessive worry will increase the probability they will also suffer from insomnia. In this way, a whole symptom activation pattern develops from which mental disorders emerge. Mental disorders are conceived as stable states of strongly connected symptom networks, allowing for a common explanatory model for multiple mental disorders, thereby providing a comprehensive model of psychopathology. Traditional representations of mental disorders conceptualize symptoms as merely passive indicators of latent, underlying mental disorders which act as common causes for patients' symptomatology. The network theory of psychopathology flips the explanatory and statistical model: instead of focusing on one underlying cause or underlying causes, it proposes to study the direct interactions between these symptoms. This imposes two important implications for the conceptualization of mental disorders. First, symptoms are no longer statistically exchangeable since every symptom can have a different role in the onset and development of psychopathology. Some symptoms can be more important than others in keeping the whole system "stuck" in a disordered state. Second, comorbidity is conceptualized as clustering symptoms which are connected to each other via certain "bridge symptoms". Bridge symptoms are symptoms which are attributed to two (or more) mental disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). If a person suffers from symptoms of MDD, such as loss of motivation and depressed mood, this can lead to the activation of bridge symptoms such as fatigue and concentration problems, which by themselves lead to the activation of GAD symptoms such as irritability and excessive worry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental is the property of Associacao Universitaria de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Subjetividades is the property of Revista Mal-estar e Subjetividade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental is the property of Associacao Universitaria de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario de Psicología Jurídica is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the poetic quotations referred to anger in Cicero’s Tusculanae disputationes, book 4. It aims to investigate their function and influence on Cicero’s prose. Poetic quotations emphasize some turning points of Cicero’s argumentation. Sometimes they belittle the rival thesis, sometimes they are self-quotations, establishing an intertextual relationship between the Tusculanae and the De oratore. The analysis highlights Cicero’s tendency to neglect the physic signs and the symptomatology of anger, coherently with the Stoic philosophy. Besides, the paper shows Cicero’s peculiar interest in verbal expression of anger, closely connected with his oratorical theory and practice.

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental is the property of Associacao Universitaria de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Psychoanalysis & Education is the property of International Journal of Psychoanalysis & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The void pathologies are increasingly present in contemporary society, requiring the knowledge of intervention strategies to be used with patients who arrive at the psychotherapists' offices. Therefore, this study aimed to identify which pathologies are commonly associated with void and which psychoanalytic techniques are used to treat these patients in Brazil. An integrative review were performed through searches in three databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scielo and Pesic. A total of 1323 articles were located, remaining nine papers after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main findings suggest that depressive conditions and eating disorders are associated with void in Brazil. It was observed that the brazilian literature lacks of publications that address the psychoanalytic intervention techniques used to treat the void pathologies. Those results are discussed with international literature that demonstrates psychoanalytic interventions for the treatment of some of the conditions associated with void. National empirical studies are recommended to investigate whether the techniques used internationally are equally effective in Brazilian patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinica y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles del Psicólogo is the property of Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicologos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles del Psicólogo is the property of Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicologos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental is the property of Associacao Universitaria de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental is the property of Associacao Universitaria de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Psiquiatria del Nino y el Adolescente (AEPNyA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to review the origin of the concept of cycloid psychoses, its psychopathology and its evolution. By analyzing the literature, the authors seek to delineate the nosological validity of this concept, as well as its current delimitation and its future utility in psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinica y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea is the property of Revista Psicopatologia Fenomenologica Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to carry out an integrative review on anxiety in children and adolescents using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database from the last 13 years. The keywords used were anxiety (in/and) adolescents in Portuguese and English. Only original research papers were included in the study, and those excluded did not deal with the topic, were review articles, or were repeated, so that the study was restricted to 36 articles. The results revealed little emphasis on the psychometric properties of the instruments; the female sex, adolescence and schooling at an elementary level are the risk groups most studied, representing more than half of the studies carried out in Brazil. The most cited constructs associated with anxiety were depression and psychological variables, such as worry and self esteem. Of the five most cited instruments, all were developed outside the country and their psychometric data are reported. New studies on the psychometric properties of the most used instruments are needed, as well as the possibility of creating new instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Brasilia, Instituto de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO: Estudar, mediante uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica, a relação esquizofrenia, psicose e violência. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica por meio das bases de dados Medline, SciELO e Lilacs, até a data de junho de 2006, considerando artigos de línguas inglesa e portuguesa. RESULTADOS: Um número de pesquisas revela associação entre esquizofrenia e comportamento violento, principalmente quando existe comorbidade com abuso de substâncias. Aspectos específicos dos delírios são relacionados com comportamento violento, como maior grau de convicção e presença de delírios de controle e perseguição. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de limitações metodológicas, alguns aspectos da psicopatologia aguda da psicose e da comorbidade de abuso de substâncias parecem estar fortemente relacionados à presença de comportamento violento entre pacientes psicóticos. De acordo com os estudos analisados, somente uma pequena parcela da violência social poder ser atribuída a esse grupo de pacientes. Novas pesquisas deverão futuramente permitir prever antecipadamente o risco de um comportamento violento, permitindo com isso intervenções preventivas e redução do processo de estigmatização.OBJECTIVE: To study, through a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, the relationship between schizophrenia, psychosis and violence. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in Medline, SciELO e Lilacs databases, up until June 2006, including all papers written in English or Portuguese. RESULTS: There are several international research papers which found a connection between schizophrenia and violent behavior, especially when there is a history of substance abuse. Specific aspects of delusion are related to violent behavior, such as a greater degree of conviction or delusions about being in control or persecuted. CONCLUSIONS: Despite methodological limitations, it can be said that some aspects of acute psychosis and accompanying substance abuse seem to be strongly related to the presence of violent behavior among psychotic patients. According the studies retrieved, only a small percentage of social violence can be attributed to this particular group of patients. New data shall allow that in the future the risk of violent behavior will be predictable, making it possible for the use of preventive interventions and avoiding stigmatization.

In this paper we propose that John Bowlby's attachment theory provides a theoretically coherent, empirically based, and clinically useful model for understanding personality pathology. This theoretical framework brings parsimony and breadth to the conceptualization of the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of personality disorders (PDs). Attachment theory can explain both the intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties common in those with PDs and is consistent with findings from studies across multiple domains of knowledge, including evolutionary biology, ethology/comparative psychology, developmental psychology, experimental social-personality psychology, and neuroscience. PDs are characterized by significant interpersonal challenges. Recently, these challenges have been hypothesized to stem from underlying maladaptive attachment schemas. Our goal is to outline and elaborate on attachment theory as a foundation for the etiology and pathology of PDs and to highlight the implications of this theory for treatment. We begin with a brief review of attachment, describing its conceptualization and assessment in both children and adults in order to examine PD development. This theoretical foundation is supported by a body of empirical research, from which we present findings from neurobiological and developmental literatures linking attachment and PDs. We then examine the role of attachment in the psychotherapy process and in treatment outcome. Further, we outline research reporting changes in attachment patterns as a result of treatment. Finally, we summarize the implications of attachment theory for understanding PDs and present possible directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of a dialogue among a poet, a phenomenologist and a psychopathologist. Their common ground is the therapeutic clinic and a possible understanding of psychopathology in an interdisciplinary dialogue. We hold that literature, philosophy and psychiatric medicine help us understand human suffering not only as an intrapsychic event, but closely related to the sensitivity, affectivity and personal experience of human time and space in connection with environmental and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Psicología Jurídica is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the psychopathological grounds required by Winnicottian psychoanalysis, building its methodological structure with theoretical and critical refl ections on this author's writings. It was possible to notice that his thoughts align coherently with the adoption of a peculiar relational psychopathological model which opposes and rejects a pulsional perspective and values the authentic personal singularity and the human bonds. Therefore, there is the revelation of a differentiated view of emotional health, which brings up important clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. In spite of this, the lack of recognition of its characteristic symptoms can lead to delay in the diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the variability of clinical manifestations and the diversity of symptoms are confusing factors by the time of diagnosis. Currently, it is made based on the manuals of diagnostic classifi cation DSM-IV and CID-10 that describes the disorder as one single entity. However, OCD is underdiagnosed due to its heterogeneity from a clinical viewpoint and considering etiological factors and response to treatment. Comorbidities also make the diagnosis even more complex. Therefore, the accurate differential diagnosis is extremely important. This paper intends to review the available scientifi c literature regarding the diversity of clinical expression, the comorbidities that complicate the diagnosis, and the uncommon symptoms of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology, as reflected in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. Method: A selective review of the relevant literature was undertaken in order to identify key and illustrative research findings. Results: There is now a substantial body of preclinical and clinical evidence derived from a variety of experimental paradigms showing how early-life stress is related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and psychological state in adulthood, and how that relationship can be modulated by other factors. Discussion: The risk for adult psychopathology and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction is related to a complex interaction among multiple experiential factors, as well as to susceptibility genes that interact with those factors. Although acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress are generally adaptive, excessive responses can lead to deleterious effects. Early-life stress alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and behavior, but the pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction and psychological outcome in adulthood reflect both the characteristics of the stressor and other modifying factors. Conclusion: Research to date has identified multiple determinants of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction seen in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment or other early-life stress. Further work is needed to establish whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities in this context can be used to develop risk endophenotypes for psychiatric and physical illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, especially among young subjects. Suicide is considered the outcome of a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, which is a result of the interaction between several factors. The association between psychopathology and suicide has been extensively investigated. Major depression plays an important role among the psychiatric diagnoses associated with suicide. This finding seems to be confirmed by different study designs, and in distinct populations. The present paper aims to briefly review the recent findings regarding the suicide-related clinical features of depression. Moreover, strategies for suicide prevention were also reviewed. Review: Recent references were identified and grouped in order to illustrate the main contributions about depression and suicide. Briefly, the literature review stresses the high prevalence of major depression among subjects presenting suicide behaviors. Psychopathological traits, such as aggression and impulsivity play a relevant role in triggering suicidal behaviors. Strategies for suicide prevention were also reviewed in and internationally. In general, detection and treatment are effective in reducing suicide rates. Conclusion: Studies regarding suicide behaviors have had a pragmatic approach, and generated a large body of evidence about correlates of suicide. However, these studies have not been able to provide a consistent theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The recent adoption of modern strategies represents a possibility of enhancing the research capability of such studies. In order to be clinically useful, findings should make it possible to deepen the understanding over the experience of a suicidal person, as well as to design specific strategies for prevention and treatment in population subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)