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1. Prospective Cohort Study of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs

Author

David R. Murdoch, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Eugene Athan, Juan M. Pericàs, José M. Miró, Tomáš Freiberger, Pierre Tattevin, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Francisco Nacinovich, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Vivian H. Chu, Zeina A. Kanafani, Jacob Strahilevitz, Jaume Llopis, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas, Margaret M. Hannan, University of Barcelona, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Duke University [Durham], This study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (# E26/202.782/2015 to Dr. Lamas), Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (V-2003-REDC14A-O), and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social (FIS 00-0475) (Dr. Miro). Dr. Miro has received a personal 80:20 research grant from the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, for 2017 to 2021. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., Pericas, J. M., Llopis, J., Athan, E., Hernandez-Meneses, M., Hannan, M. M., Murdoch, D. R., Kanafani, Z., Freiberger, T., Strahilevitz, J., Fernandez-Hidalgo, N., Lamas, C., Durante-Mangoni, E., Tattevin, P., Nacinovich, F., Chu, V. H., Miro, J. M., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Staphylococcus aureus, cardiac surgery, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], infective endocarditi, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Aged, Prosthetic valve, people who inject drug, Endocarditis, business.industry, Public health, Incidence, HIV, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Cardiac surgery, people who inject drugs, Infective endocarditis, opioid crisis, Female, infective endocarditis, opioid crisi, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Background - Infective endocarditis (IE) in people who inject drugs (PWID) is an emergent public health problem. Objectives - The purpose of this study was to investigate IE in PWID and compare it with IE in non-PWID patients. Methods - Two prospective cohort studies (ICE-PCS and ICE-Plus databases, encompassing 8,112 IE episodes from 2000 to 2006 and 2008 to 2012, with 64 and 34 sites and 28 and 18 countries, respectively). Outcomes were compared between PWID and non-PWID patients with IE. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for 6-month mortality and relapses amongst PWID. Results - A total of 7,616 patients (591 PWID and 7,025 non-PWID) were included. PWID patients were significantly younger (median 37.0 years [interquartile range: 29.5 to 44.2 years] vs. 63.3 years [interquartile range: 49.3 to 74.0 years]; p

Published
2021

2. Constitutive expression of stromal derived factor-1 by mucosal epithelia and its role in HIV transmission and propagation

Author

Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Bernhard Moser, X Y Li, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Christina M. Parker, Ellen C. Ebert, Jan Marsal, Ali Amara, William W. Agace, José L. Pablos, Thierry Delaunay, Arthur I. Roberts, Sylvia Thelen, Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School [Piscataway, NJ] (RWJMS), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre [Madrid], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) and the Swedish Medical Research Council (MFR 3131) to W.W.A., grants from the NIH to C.M.P. (DK52978) and to E.C.E. (DK42166), a grant from the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS) to A.A., grant 438+/050291 from the Swiss National Science Foundation to B.M., and grant 98/0356 from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (FIS) to J.L.P. One of the authors of this paper, C.M.P., had a financial interest in Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Subjects
Receptors, CXCR4, Chemokine, Stromal cell, Receptors, CCR5, Chemokine receptor CCR5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CXCR4, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Chemokine receptor, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral entry, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), virus diseases, HIV, Virology, Chemokine CXCL12, 3. Good health, VIROLOGIE, CCL20, Immunology, biology.protein, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chemokines, CXC, Ex vivo, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; HIV particles that use the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into cells (X4-HIV) inefficiently transmit infection across mucosal surfaces [1], despite their presence in seminal fluid and mucosal secretions from infected individuals 2, 3, 4. In addition, although intestinal lymphocytes are susceptible to infection with either X4-HIV particles or particles that use the chemokine receptor CCR5 for viral entry (R5-HIV) during ex vivo culture [5], only systemic inoculation of R5-chimeric simian-HIV (S-HIV) results in a rapid loss of CD4+ intestinal lymphocytes in macaques [6]. The mechanisms underlying the inefficient capacity of X4-HIV to transmit infection across mucosal surfaces and to infect intestinal lymphocytes in vivo have remained elusive. The CCR5 ligands RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β suppress infection by R5-HIV-1 particles via induction of CCR5 internalization, and individuals whose peripheral blood lymphocytes produce high levels of these chemokines are relatively resistant to infection 7, 8, 9. Here, we show that the CXCR4 ligand stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is constitutively expressed by mucosal epithelial cells at sites of HIV transmission and propagation. Furthermore, CXCR4 is selectively downmodulated on intestinal lymphocytes within the setting of prominent SDF-1 expression. We postulate that mucosally derived SDF-1 continuously downmodulates CXCR4 on resident HIV target cells, thereby reducing the transmission and propagation of X4 HIV at mucosal sites. Moreover, such a mechanism could contribute to the delayed emergence of X4 isolates, which predominantly occurs during the later stages of the HIV infection.

Published
2000
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