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China is rich in karst resources and famous for its karst landscape. As a part of karst, the popularity of red karst is obviously low and has received little attention; moreover, the related scientific research and tourism development are relatively immature. Therefore, this paper takes the red karst in Tongren, Guizhou as the research object, analyzes the characteristics and causes of the red karst, comprehensively evaluates its landscape value, and puts forward development strategies and protection suggestions. Through the above research, the following three research results are obtained. (1) On the basis of a field investigation and a literature review, the geographical situation, background, and landscape characteristics of the red karst landform and its surrounding areas in Tongren City were investigated in detail. It forms isolated peaks, rock walls, protruding rocks, stone pillars, and other forms. The most prominent features of the red karst landscape in Tongren City are that the color is red and white, and the shape is concave and convex in order. (2) Geochemical test and structural data collection and analyses of the collected samples were performed. The obtain concave layer rock is dolomitic limestone, and that convex lay rock is argillaceous dolomitic limestone. Because the convex layer rock sample is high in silicon element content, the convex layer rock sample is not easy to be weathered, is rich in clay mineral, and is not easy to be corrode; the convex layer rock sample gradually protrudes with the passage of time to form an uneven shape. The red karst landform is developed in either the rock stratum or tectonic zone with moderate tectonic deformation intensity. First, the formation of a single-layer honeycomb morphology requires that the rock stratum is subjected to a sufficient horizontal compressive stress at a certain burial depth. Second, it is necessary to widely exist in areas with relatively gentle rock formation occurrence; too strong of a structural deformation will make the rock formation occurrence steep, which is not conducive to the occurrence of differential dissolution between adjacent strata. (3) Through the construction of an evaluation index system, the red karst in Tongren City is evaluated, and it is concluded that the geological heritage value is high, and the development and utilization conditions are weak. The conclusion of this article is a supplement to the geological and geomorphological system characteristics of southern karst. From the perspective of world natural heritage, the study enriches the academic evidence of red karst and enables its exemplary role to be well played. From the perspective of the tourism development value, more people should be made aware of the diverse types of karst landforms, which provide experience and suggestions for the value of landforms, tourism resources, and tourism development in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060 are major strategic development goals for China. Driven by the ambitious goal of achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the development of green innovation technology is an important method of achieving these aims. Speeding up energy transformation and tapping into the carbon sink capacity of the natural ecosystem are key to this process. The strategic path of green development deserves further discussion. This study takes Guizhou province as an example. Based on the actual situation of Guizhou province and the characteristics of karst areas, through the collection and collation of the existing literature, policies, and technologies and the analysis of typical cases, this paper summarizes and analyzes ecological restoration and negative carbon emissions in karst areas; water-energy-carbon coupling, energy saving, and emissions reduction technologies; industrial energy saving and emission-reduction technologies in karst areas; and CCUS technology for carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage. On this basis, the trend and orientation of green development in Guizhou are studied and judged, and countermeasures such as adhering to clean and efficient low-carbon utilization, strengthening the research on and development of carbon emission-reduction technology, and implementing carbon sink capacity buildings are put forward. Key core technology research and development innovation are recommended to establish a low-carbon science and technology innovation system. The efficient use of energy, the recycling of resources, negative emissions, and other strategies should be promoted. We also posit specific suggestions such as accelerating the transformation and application of green and low-carbon scientific and technological achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to adverse geological conditions, intense human engineering activities, and extreme weather conditions, catastrophic landslides have frequently occurred in southwest China, causing severe loss of life and property. Identifying the kinematic features of potential landslides can effectively support landslide hazard prevention. This study proposes a remote sensing identification method for rotational, planar traction, and planar thrust slides based on geomorphic features as well as vertical and slope-oriented deformation rates. Rotational landslides are characterized by similar vertical and horizontal deformation rates, with vertical deformation mainly occurring at the head and gradually decreasing along the slope, while horizontal deformation mainly occurs at the foot and gradually increases along the slope. As for the planar slide, the dominant deformation is in the horizontal direction. It is further classified into the planar traction and planar thrust types according to the driving position. The vertical deformation of planar traction slides is concentrated at the foot, while the vertical deformation of planar thrust slides is concentrated at the head of the landslide. We identified 1 rotational landslide, 10 planar traction landslides and 10 planar thrust landslides in the basalt weathering crust area of Guizhou. Field investigations of three landslides verified the method's accuracy. Combining two-dimensional rainfall and time-series deformations, we found that there is a significant positive correlation between landslide deformation acceleration and precipitation. The landslide kinematic identification method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of the inability to accurately characterize landslide motion by line-of-sight displacement and realizes the non-contact identification of active landslide motion patterns, which is an essential reference value for geological disaster prevention and control in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraphlomis kuankuoshuiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species found in the limestone areas of northern Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. Based on its tubular-campanulate calyx, this taxon should be a member of sect. Paraphlomis Prain. The new species resembles P. patentisetulosa C.Y. Wu & H. W. Li, P. hispida C.Y. Wu, and P. hirsutissima C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li, but differs from these three taxa in the following aspects: the stems are very short (<7 cm), with one or two short internodes, giving the impression of having a tuft of basal leaves; it has sparsely setose hairs on the outer surface of the calyces and short fruiting calyces. The florescence, fruit period, habitat, and the geographical distribution of P. kuankuoshuiensis are also quite different from the three closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the quality of human–computer interaction, it is important for computers to be able to identify the images quickly that can trigger pleasant feelings and create a good user experience. To reach this goal, the affective classification of images is an important prerequisite. Prior research into affective image classification used image features as categorical measurable signals. However, these techniques failed to provide a good correlation between the signal properties of image features and the expected affective experience of the viewer, leaving the research unable to bridge the affective gap. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a method of affective image classification based on information about the user's experience collected through measurable eye movements and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This approach bridges the affective gap by establishing an association between experience information (measurable signal properties) and the expected affective experience of the viewer. First, we screened eye movement indexes and EEG indexes to provide an affective correlation index. Then we built an experience space based on participants' physiological data obtained using an eye tracker and EEG recorder simultaneously. Next, physiological experience data from the experience space were extracted, analyzed mathematically and normalized to obtain parametric physiological experience data. Using a multiple linear regression technique, we connected the participants' affective states and physiological experience data. We developed a quantitative mapping between the affective experience states and the sample images to acquire the classification of affective images. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed classification method, we conducted a study in which 16 abstract art paintings were classified as positive, negative or neutral based on subjects' physiological responses. The results showed that the proposed affective image classification method was accurate and successful in identifying images that can lead to a pleasurable experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many species of terrestrial Mollusca with rapid reproduction rates, a wide distribution range, and a large population. They are not only an important wildlife resource but also an important component of biodiversity. Previously, basic research has been conducted on the species diversity and distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in some nature reserves in Guizhou and Yunnan. The existing sample data of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou and survey results from Guiyang, Libo, and Xishui from July 2019 to December 2020 listed 316 species and subspecies (including 13 undefined species) belonging to two subclasses, four orders, 20 families, and 76 genera in Guizhou Province. From the perspective of species composition, the dominant family is Cyclophoridae, with 16 genera and 71 species; the second most dominant family is Bradybaenidae, with 15 genera and 61 species, followed by Helicinidae and Cochlicopidae with one genera and one species. The dominant species are Kaliella cavicola, Bradybaena similaris, Diplommatina herziana, Diplommatina consularis, Chamalycaeus nanus, and Plectotropis pseudopatula. From the perspective of geographical distribution, terrestrial Mollusca are the most abundant in the central region of Guizhou, with 17 families, 54 genera, and 170 species. The areas with the second greatest abundance of terrestrial Mollusca are the sub-subtropical humid areas in southern Guizhou and the sub-subtropical areas in southwestern Guizhou, with 18 families, 56 genera, and 152 species and 17 families, 57 genera, and 150 species, respectively. There are only 10 families, 18 genera, and 27 species in the eastern area of Guizhou. Similarity analysis of species in different regions of Guizhou Province showed that the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the southern area, northern area, and southwestern area of Guizhou is similar, whereas the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the eastern area of Guizhou is markedly different from that of other regions. This paper discusses the species and distribution pattern of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou Province and their resource characteristics to provide a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of terrestrial Mollusca resources and to further enrich the research data of terrestrial Mollusca in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use change and water supply–demand assessment are critical to achieving regional sustainable development and improving human wellbeing. In the context of complex climate change and socioeconomic development, there is an urgent need for systematic assessment and forecasting studies on how to combine physical, geographical, and socioeconomic factors to clarify patterns of change in the land use change and water supply–demand, as well as to respond appropriately to different climate and socioeconomic development scenarios in the future. Based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways-Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios, a framework for simulating future land use change and assessing water supply–demand in the coupled SD-PLUS-InVEST model was constructed. The land use change in Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2050 was simulated using the SD-PLUS model, and the water supply–demand conditions were projected for 2030, 2040, and 2050 under multiple scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). The research results indicated that (1) The land use change in the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. It showed similar trends in the land use change in the SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios, with both artificial surfaces and forest showing an expansion trend, but the expansion of forest was most typical in the southwestern region in the SSP126 scenario, and there is a significant increase in the northeastern region in the SSP245 scenario. Additionally, there is a rapid expansion of artificial surfaces in the central region in the SSP585 scenario, and a more rapid expansion of cultivated land in the southeastern region, with a significant increase in the area of water bodies. (2) The changes in water supply from 2020 to 2050 under the three scenarios show a smaller increase (5.22–11.88%), a significant increase in water demand (29.45–58.84%), and an increase in the area of water shortage by about 2708.94–9084.40 km2, with the extent of the shortage increasing by about 23.71–79.50%. (3) According to the results of the SSP-RCP scenario projections, socioeconomic development has a significant impact on the growth of water demand, and climate and land use change may exacerbate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water supply–demand in the karst region. The systematic study of land use change and water supply–demand in Guizhou can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of regional ecosystems and the rational allocation of land and water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piroplasmosis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by the Babesia and Theileria parasites. Piroplasmosis is often a subclinical infection in dogs and cats that is difficult to detect and is often suspected when clinical signs such as anemia are present. It has been reported to be prevalent in China. However, molecular evidence of the disease has not been reported in pet dogs and cats in Guiyang. In this study, we collected 307 anticoagulated blood samples from an animal hospital in the Wudang District of Guiyang during the period March 2021 to November 2021 and extracted DNA from the samples. The 18S rDNA gene was amplified using PCR, and the positive amplification product was sequenced. The sequences were then analyzed for homology and phylogeny. Of the 307 samples collected, 164 were feline and 143 were canine, with a total of 23 amplifying a target band of approximately 400 bp. The percentage of positives of piroplasms infection in pet cats was 4.27% (7/164), with the pathogens being T. uilenbergi (3) and T. luwenshuni (4). One Colpodella sp. and two undetermined species were also detected in the cat samples. The percentage of positives of piroplasms infection in pet dogs was 7.69% (11/143), with the pathogen being T. uilenbergi (11). One Colpodella sp. was also detected in the dog samples. The results confirmed that T. uilenbergi and T. luwenshuni are prevalent in pet cats and dogs in this area. In addition, the study found a rare zoonotic pathogen, Colpodella sp., in cats and dogs. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for decision-making regarding animal health management and public health work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Catapiestus Perty, 1831 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Cnodalonini), C. bispinosus, is described from Leigonsan National Nature Reserve, Leishan County, Guizhou, China. The identification key by Lang and Ren for the species of Catapiestus is modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｋａｉｌｉ ｍａｒｋｅｔ， ｉｎ ａ ｃｉｔｙ ｉｎ Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ， Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｗａｓ ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄ ｂｙ ｌｏｃａｌ ｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｙ． Ｌｏｔｓ ｏｆ Ｍｉａｏ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｒａｄｅｄ ｈｅｒｅ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ａｌｓｏ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｅｔｈｎｏｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ Ｄｏｎｇ ｅｔｈｎｉｃ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ， ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ ａｎ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｒｏｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ， ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｄｏｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃｉ ｎａｌ ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ． Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ， ｆｅｗ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ ａｂｏｕｔ Ｄｏｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ｈａｄ ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ． Ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ ｏｆ ｅｔｈｎｏｂｏｔａｎｙ ａｎｄ ｔａｘｏｎｏｍｙ， ｓｉｘ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ２０１４－２０１７． Ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎｔ ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｃａｌ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ａｎｄ ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ ａｒｅａｓ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ａ ｔｏｔａｌ ｏｆ １１１ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｐｌａｎｔ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ Ｄｏｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｏ ６５ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ａｎｄ １００ ｇｅｎｅｒａ． Ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｆｏｕｒ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ Ｌｉｌｉａｃｅａｅ （６ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ， ５．４％）， Ｕｍｂｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａｅ （５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ （５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， Ａｒａｃｅａｅ（５ ｓｐｐ．， ４．５％）， ａｎｄ Ｇｅｓｎｅｒｉａｃｅａｅ （４ ｓｐｐ．， ３．６％）． Ｌｉｆｅ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｈｅｒｂａｃｅｏｕｓ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ （７９．３％） ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ｂｙ ８８ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ． Ｕｓｉｎｇ ｐａｒｔ ａｌｓｏ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ， ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ａｉｌｍｅｎｔｓ ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ ｔｏ ５０％ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｔａｌ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ． Ｂｙ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ Ｍｉａｏ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ， Ｄｏｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｈａｖｅ ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｔｏ ｔｒｅａｔ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ， ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｆｏｃｕｓｉｎｇ ｏｎ ｔｒａｕｍａｔｉｃ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ ａｎｄ ｒｈｅｕｍａｔｉｓｍ． Ｔｈｅｉｒ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｕｓｅｓ ａｒｅ ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌ ａｎｄ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ． Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ， ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ｉｎ Ｋａｉｌｉ ｗｅｒｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puding County in central Guizhou is a typical karst ecologically vulnerable area integrating rural, mountainous, and ecological migration areas. It is essential to study the dynamic trajectory and direction of its agroecosystems (AESs) transformation to promote sustainable land use development in karst mountain areas. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images from 2004 to 2020, this study analyzes the transformation characteristics, typical landscape patterns, and their driving forces of AESs using the landscape pattern index, moving window method, and Geodetector model. The results show that: (i) The overall landscape pattern of AESs in the study area developed towards complexity and diversification from 2004 to 2020. The overall trend of woodland and grassland (WGL) is increasing, the slope cultivated land (SCL) is shrinking, the construction land (CL) is spreading and expanding along the vicinity of the town, and the economic and fruit forests (EFF) are increasing significantly. (ii) Three typical patterns are concluded according to the main transformation directions of AESs: WGL restoration type, CL growth type, and EFF growth type; middle and high mountains are dominated by the WGL restoration type with increased ecological functions, and the concentration of the new WGL increases with the increase in elevation; low mountain areas are dominated by the CL growth type with enhanced living functions, and the concentration of the new CL decreases with the increase in slope and elevation; valleys and hills are dominated by the EFF growth type with enhanced ecological and economic functions, and the concentration of the new EFF increases with the decrease in slope and elevation. (iii) Socio-economic factors are the dominant drivers of AES transformation. The WGL restoration type is dominated by slope and elevation, the CL growth type is mainly influenced by slope and urbanization rate, and the EFF growth type is primarily influenced by soil organic matter, slope, urbanization rate, and resident population. The study results have implications for rural land use, rural development, and ecological restoration of rocky desertification in karst mountain areas and other similar mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new Stenus species of the cirrus group collected from Guizhou Province, southwest China, are described: S. dashaheensis sp. n., S. zhangyuqingi sp. n., and S. liuyixiaoi sp. n. The diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated, and a key to species of the group from Guizhou Province is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Yungui Plateau is rich in fungal diversity. Hyphomycetes, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy. During an investigation of hyphomycetes in this region, 19 species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were collected in Yungui Plateau. New information Both morphological identification and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, tef1 and LSU sequences supported Coryneum sevenseptatis as a new species. Phaeoisaria guizhouensis and Pleurothecium yunanensis were introduced, based on morphology. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species were detailed. Known species are listed with notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the loss of forest vegetation is a significant concern due to the crucial roles that forests play in the Earth's system, including the provision of ecosystem services, participation in biogeochemical cycles, and support for human well-being. Forests are especially critical in mountains environments, where deforestation can lead to accelerated biodiversity loss, soil erosion, flooding, and reduced agricultural productivity, as well as increased poverty rates. In response to these problems, China has implemented a series of ecological restoration programs aimed at restoring forests. However, there is a lack of knowledge as to whether the forest cover is increasing or decreasing, as well as the relative roles played by natural and human factors in forest change. Here, we aim to address these issues by analyzing the pattern and process of the forest changes in Guizhou province, a typical mountainous karst area with a fragile environment in southwestern China, between 1980 and 2018, and evaluating the extent to which these forest changes were influenced by natural and anthropogenic driving forces. Using a temporal sequence of satellite images and a Markov model, we found that the forest cover increased by 468 km2, and that over 33% of the cropland in Guizhou province was converted into forest between 1980 and 2018, with the most significant increases in the forest cover occurring in Qiandongnan. Through correlation analyses and generalized linear model (GLM) regression, we demonstrate that management factors exerted a more significant positive impact on the forest cover than climate change. While the mean annual precipitation and temperature were mostly stable during the period studied, the effects of population and gross domestic product (GDP) on the forest changes weakened, and the influence of land-use change markedly increased. These findings provide valuable information for resource managers engaging in forest protection, deforestation prevention, and ecological restoration in similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A late Kasimovian (Pennsylvanian) coral reef is reported in the Yanbanzhai (YBZ) area, southern Guizhou Province, South China. The YBZ coral reef, with a thickness of approximately 5.5 m and a lateral exposure of nearly 50 m, is primarily composed of the colonial rugose coral Fomichevella. The fusulinids collected from the reef indicates a late Kasimovian age. Five microfacies types have been identified, including coated bioclastic grainstone, coral (Fomichevella) framestone, bioclastic wackestone, bioclastic grainstone, and peloidal grainstone. The vertical evolution of the microfacies in the YBZ coral reef indicates major sedimentary environmental changes associated with relative sea‐level changes. The growth of the reef‐builder Fomichevella was controlled by the transgression and regression. Deep water promoted the upward expansion of Fomichevella, while shallow water inhibited its growth. Published records of atmospheric pCO2 estimation and sea‐surface temperatures, combined with geochemical proxies, confirm a warm climatic period during the late Kasimovian. This is an interglacial period conducive to the growth of the coral reef. Sea‐level and climate changes associated with the Late Palaeozoic ice age (LPIA) are interpreted as significant controls of the development of the YBZ coral reef. This research of the YBZ coral reef in South China provides practical palaeobiological evidence for global sea‐level rising during the late Kasimovian period caused by the high‐latitude Gondwana delaciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The termitophilous genus Trichopsenius Horn, 1877 is recorded from China for the first time. A new species, Trichopsenius huaxiensis sp. nov. is described; it was collected in a nest of the termite genus Reticulitermes Holmgren from a dead and flattened pine tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological environmental security in karst areas is an issue of global concern. Identifying the ecological landscape security pattern (ELSP) is key to promoting environmental protection and alleviating the land development and utilization impacts. Ecological sources (ESs) and ecological corridors (ECs) are important bases for constructing an ELSP. We used five influencing factors (land use type, digital elevation model (DEM), rocky desertification degree, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and slope) to obtain the distribution of the importance and sensitivity values of ecosystem services in Guanling County, Guizhou Province. The probability of the connectivity index (PC) was calculated, and the ES was extracted by combining the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity. According to the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of Guanling County, seven indicators of elevation, slope, landscape type, degree of stone desertification, distance from rivers, distance from settlements, and distance from roads were selected as resistance factors for the outward expansion of the ESs to calculate the comprehensive resistance surface of Guanling County. Based on the gravity model, an interaction matrix between 10 ESs was constructed, and the magnitude of the interaction forces between the source sites was quantitatively evaluated to distinguish the important ECs and general ECs. The study showed that the total length of the ECs in Guanling County was 509.78 km, and the core area of Guanling County was large, accounting for 65.73% of the ecological landscape area. By assessing the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity, 10 ES and 45 EC were obtained based on ArcGIS10.8, which constituted the landscape security pattern of Guanling County by ESs and ECs. Suggestions were proposed for a planning layout that will benefit the ecological restoration of Guanling County and environmental protection of the karst region according to the study area characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, several moderate earthquakes with great influence have occurred in Guizhou Province. Guizhou people pay more attention to earthquakes and have an unprecedented demand for earthquake knowledge. In order to improve the public’s ability to deal with earthquake disasters, combined with the current practices of popular science propaganda, the paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the development of popular science propaganda for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in Guizhou Province.

Both transport development and poverty alleviation are vital for sustainable development. However, due to the lack of long-term, comparable, county-level transport accessibility and poverty incidence data, the spatiotemporal patterns of these factors have rarely been accurately revealed in the poverty-stricken regions of China, causing the impacts of transport accessibility on poverty alleviation to be difficult to quantify. Taking Guizhou Province in China as the study area, this study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of transport accessibility and poverty alleviation in 88 counties from 2000 to 2018 based on multisource data, including nighttime light data, LandScan population data, and transport network data. It was found that the transport accessibility decreased from 4.9 h to 3.3 h, and the poverty index decreased from 0.75 to 0.29 on average. All these factors exhibited a "core–periphery" spatial pattern. Furthermore, the panel data regression analysis suggested that transport accessibility has played a dominant role in poverty alleviation, with an elasticity coefficient of 0.839. In the future, policies concerned to integrate transport development with rural industries such as agriculture, e-commence, and tourism are recommended for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, which are especially significant for promoting sustainable development, securing a win–win of economic growth and social equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many species of terrestrial Mollusca with rapid reproduction rates, a wide distribution range, and a large population. They are not only an important wildlife resource but also an important component of biodiversity. Previously, basic research has been conducted on the species diversity and distribution of terrestrial Mollusca in some nature reserves in Guizhou and Yunnan. The existing sample data of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou and survey results from Guiyang, Libo, and Xishui from July 2019 to December 2020 listed 316 species and subspecies (including 13 undefined species) belonging to two subclasses, four orders, 20 families, and 76 genera in Guizhou Province. From the perspective of species composition, the dominant family is Cyclophoridae, with 16 genera and 71 species; the second most dominant family is Bradybaenidae, with 15 genera and 61 species, followed by Helicinidae and Cochlicopidae with one genera and one species. The dominant species are Kaliella cavicola, Bradybaena similaris, Diplommatina herziana, Diplommatina consularis, Chamalycaeus nanus, and Plectotropis pseudopatula. From the perspective of geographical distribution, terrestrial Mollusca are the most abundant in the central region of Guizhou, with 17 families, 54 genera, and 170 species. The areas with the second greatest abundance of terrestrial Mollusca are the sub-subtropical humid areas in southern Guizhou and the sub-subtropical areas in southwestern Guizhou, with 18 families, 56 genera, and 152 species and 17 families, 57 genera, and 150 species, respectively. There are only 10 families, 18 genera, and 27 species in the eastern area of Guizhou. Similarity analysis of species in different regions of Guizhou Province showed that the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the southern area, northern area, and southwestern area of Guizhou is similar, whereas the species composition of terrestrial Mollusca in the eastern area of Guizhou is markedly different from that of other regions. This paper discusses the species and distribution pattern of terrestrial Mollusca in Guizhou Province and their resource characteristics to provide a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of terrestrial Mollusca resources and to further enrich the research data of terrestrial Mollusca in China.

As a developing country, China is also a major producer and consumer of mineral resources. At present, China is still in a critical period of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, which will inevitably lead to huge resource consumption. It is only 30 years between the peak carbon consumption and the timepoint planned to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Coming from a background of dual pressure in terms of the total amount and intensity of "carbon neutrality", the development and utilization of mineral resources has become one of the important factors in affecting and realizing carbon neutrality in China, and comprehensive utilization has become increasingly important. There are abundant bauxite resources in northern Guizhou, more than 700 million tons, and an industrial resource chain could be built around bauxite. The ore-forming process of bauxite is very complex, and there are enrichment phenomena of other useful elements in the ore-bearing rock series, among which the enrichment of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements is very obvious. It is of great economic and scientific significance to study the migration law of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements and to find out whether these elements in bauxite have development value. On the basis of systematically collecting and sorting previous research results, this study carried out supplementary tests on some areas with insufficient data; summarized and studied the migration law of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements in the Wuzhengdao bauxite deposit in northern Guizhou; and conducted a feasibility analysis on the development and utilization prospects of associated Ga, Li and rare earth elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and climate change are becoming the most popular topics among scientists. In this century, the research focusing on the process and mechanism of the carbon cycle, especially the research of reducing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (carbon sink and carbon sequestration technology), are the core issues of global change. The karst carbon sink was neglected due to the consideration that it was a geological process with a long timescale. Recently, studies have proven that carbonate rock weathering is a rapid and sensitive process, and the Fifth Climate Change Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confirmed this. Guizhou, as the center of karst in China, has the unique advantages of the karst carbon sink, and is the core area of the karst carbon sink. On the basis of summarizing the development and evolution trend of karst carbon sinks, through data collection and field research, the Carbon Neutralization Research Group of Guizhou Institute of Technology has conducted an exploratory investigation on karst carbon sinks in Guizhou Province, and basically identified the mechanism, influencing factors and measurement methods of karst carbon sinks in Guizhou karst areas. The results show that the potential of the karst carbon sink in Guizhou is huge. Vegetation restoration, soil improvement, irrigation with external water and the cultivation of aquatic plants are important ways to increase the karst carbon sink by artificial intervention. A series of achievements have been made in the theory, technology and platform construction of the karst carbon cycle geological survey and carbon sink effect evaluation. It is worth noting that there are still great challenges in karst carbon sink measurement and verification, and in the demonstration of artificial intervention in carbon sequestration and sink enhancement, which need to be continuously tackled and improved in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and beyond, so as to meet the needs of the carbon neutralization target of geological carbon sink services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten new karst cave-dwelling rhaphidophorids species of the subgenus Gymnaeta of the genus Tachycines are described from Guizhou Province, southern China; i.e., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zhongi sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) jinniui sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangi sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lahaidensis sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) pinglangus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shanduensis sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) buyii sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) portae sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp.nov., and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) jialiangensis sp. nov. All specimens were collected from Guizhou Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stromatoporoids are the major constructors of a Givetian (Middle Devonian) fossil reef in shallow marine facies, in the Jiwozhai Member of the Dushan Formation, at Dahekou, near Dushan, Guizhou Province, South China. Stromatoporoids, together with other reef building and dwelling components (rugose corals, tabulates, chaetetids and others), form a high diversity community, making the Jiwozhai reef a palaeobiodiversity hotspot. In this study 11 species belonging to nine genera and four orders are identified, including Gerronostromaria grossum (Clathrodictyida), Pseudotrupetostroma porosum, and Salairella buecheliensis (Stromatoporida), Clathrocoilona spissa, Stictostroma saginatum, and Synthetostroma actinostromoides (Stromatoporellida) and ?Habrostroma laminosum, Parallelopora sp., Stachyodes costulata, Stachyodes fasciculata and Stachyodes sp. (Syringostromatida). Among them, Clathrocoilona spissa and Gerronostromaria grossum are the most abundant stromatoporoid taxa. Stromatoporoid growth form, size, substrate and growth interruption are considered to be key autecological parameters to evaluate their growth behaviour and contribution in reef formation. Skeletons of laminar Clathrocoilona spissa are commonly smaller (up to 40 mm in basal dimension and less than 2 mm in thickness) than other stromatoporoid taxa and frequently encrusted on other organisms. In contrast, Gerronostromaria grossum dominates the assemblage, with its larger laminar growth form (up to 500 mm in basal dimension and 40 mm in thickness) expanding both on bioclastic and clay-rich micritic substrate and shows repeated growth interruptions, altogether evidence that this taxon was resilient to environmental pressure and may have pioneered the reef development. The variation of growth preference among stromatoporoid taxa therefore indicates a different growth strategy of each stromatoporoid in this reef environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Soil erosion is a main cause of land degradation, and in its accelerated form is also one of the most serious ecological environmental problems. Moreover, there are few studies on migration of mercury (Hg) induced by soil erosion in seriously Hg-polluted districts. This paper selected Wanshan Hg mining area, SW China as the study area. Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and Geographic information system (GIS) methods were applied to calculate soil and Hg erosion and to classify soil erosion intensity. Our results show that the soil erosion rate can reach up to 600,884tkm−2 yr−1. Surfaces associated with very slight and extremely severe erosion include 76.6% of the entire land in Wanshan. Furthermore, the cumulative erosion rates in the area impacted by extremely severe erosion make up 90.5% of the total. On an annual basis, Hg surface erosion load was predicted to be 505kgyr−1 and the corresponding mean migration flux of Hg was estimated to be 3.02kgkm−2 yr−1. The erosion loads of Hg resulting from farmland and meadow soil were 175 and 319kgyr−1 respectively, which were enhanced compared to other landscape types due to the fact that they are generally located in the steep zones associated with significant reclamation. Contributing to establish a mass balance of Hg in Wanshan Hg mining area, this study supplies a dependable scientific basis for controlling soil and water erosion in the local ecosystems. Land use change is the most effective way for reducing Hg erosion load in Wanshan mining area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There are remarkable characteristics of the “one poor, two more, three higher and four bigger” in the coalbed methane (CBM) conditions of Guizhou, China. These show in one aspect the predominance with higher CBM resource accumulation, coal reservoir energy and developing potential in Guizhou, and in another aspect come into being disadvantageous of coal reservoir permeability and recasting. So, new thought and technologies must be sought ask for the CBM development in Guizhou. The authors in the paper considered that it is essential to survey clearly CBM resources in whole province, to analyze the adaptability of various CBM-mining technologies to the geological conditions in Guizhou, and, then, to frame rationally the stratagem and layout of CBM exploration and development aiming at the particularity of CBM geology in the province. In was suggested that near CBM exploration and surface development should be focalized to the Zhina coal field and a CBM pilot test with vertical or cluster wells may be carried into execution using for reference the Jincheng''s pattern. As for the Liupanshui and other coal fields, the Huainan''s pattern can be used for reference. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper illustrates a real environmental concern and draws attention to the fact that natural processes can mobilize thallium (Tl), a highly toxic metal, which may enter the food chain as a “hidden health killer” with severe health impacts on local human population. Natural processes may be exacerbated by human activities such as mining and farming, and may cause enrichment of Tl in the environment. In geochemically anomalous areas with concentrated levels of Tl in the surface environment (bedrocks, waters, soils, and crops), such as the Lanmuchang area in southwestern Guizhou Province, China, it is essential to establish base-level values and to pay heed to the geological context of “natural contamination,” as high concentrations of Tl in bedrocks/ores (6–35,000 mg/kg) can lead to enrichment of Tl in the aquatic system (0.005–1100 μg/l in groundwaters and 0.07–31 μg/l in surface waters) and soil layers (1.5–124 mg/kg). In sensitive areas such as the Yanshang area of southwestern Guizhou, elevated natural levels of Tl from bedrocks may also cause higher concentrations of Tl in the surface environment, and thus more attention must be paid to geoenvironmental management of human activities if socio-economic catastrophes are to be avoided. Due to high uptake of Tl by crops, Tl can be transferred from soils to crops and remarkably concentrated in food crops. Concentrations of 1–500 mg/kg Tl based on dry weight (DW) were determined in many food crops growing on Tl-contaminated arable soils from the Lanmuchang area. The daily intake of 1.9 mg of Tl from consumed food crops was estimated for the local adult inhabitant of Lanmuchang. Thus, Tl is regarded as a latent health hazard with potential risk of toxicity in humans within areas of “natural” contamination by Tl. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two new genera and three new species of cave-adapted ground beetles belonging to the tribe Trechini are established and described: Wulongius qilinger gen. nov. and sp. nov. from limestone cave Qiankou Dong (Chongqing: Wulong), Qianotrechus congcongae sp. nov. from cave Shigao Dong (Chongqing: Nanchuan), and Qianlongius zhoui gen. nov. and sp. nov. from cave Qianlong Dong (Guizhou: Songtao). Wulongius qilinger sp. nov. is a small aphaenopsian beetle with a thin and elongated body, while Qianlongius zhoui sp. nov. is a semi-aphaenopsian with a stout body. Both new genera are not closely related to any genus of Trechini occurring in the South China Karst, and so their systematic positions remain unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to adverse geological conditions, intense human engineering activities, and extreme weather conditions, catastrophic landslides have frequently occurred in southwest China, causing severe loss of life and property. Identifying the kinematic features of potential landslides can effectively support landslide hazard prevention. This study proposes a remote sensing identification method for rotational, planar traction, and planar thrust slides based on geomorphic features as well as vertical and slope-oriented deformation rates. Rotational landslides are characterized by similar vertical and horizontal deformation rates, with vertical deformation mainly occurring at the head and gradually decreasing along the slope, while horizontal deformation mainly occurs at the foot and gradually increases along the slope. As for the planar slide, the dominant deformation is in the horizontal direction. It is further classified into the planar traction and planar thrust types according to the driving position. The vertical deformation of planar traction slides is concentrated at the foot, while the vertical deformation of planar thrust slides is concentrated at the head of the landslide. We identified 1 rotational landslide, 10 planar traction landslides and 10 planar thrust landslides in the basalt weathering crust area of Guizhou. Field investigations of three landslides verified the method’s accuracy. Combining two-dimensional rainfall and time-series deformations, we found that there is a significant positive correlation between landslide deformation acceleration and precipitation. The landslide kinematic identification method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of the inability to accurately characterize landslide motion by line-of-sight displacement and realizes the non-contact identification of active landslide motion patterns, which is an essential reference value for geological disaster prevention and control in the study area.

A new species of the Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in subgen. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi from Puding county of Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated. The new species, R. pudingense X.Y. Dai, C.H. Yang & Y.P. Ma, is similar to R. myrsinifolium Ching ex Fang et M. Y. He and R. minutiflorum Hu, but it can be easily distinguished by its length and being pubescent on inner surface of corolla tube, sparse hairs below the middle of filament and the glabrous style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostema setulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E. huanjiangense and E. tetracephalum, we undertook a critical review of all three species using morphological and molecular evidence. Our results suggest that all three names refer to the same species, which based on priority should be known as Elatostema setulosum. We recognize E. huanjiangense and E. tetracephalum as synonyms. A distribution map of E. setulosum and the extinction risk according to the IUCN criteria is provided. After recircumscription, the taxon must be considered as Least Concern (LC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Tonkinosoma Jeekel, 1953 has hitherto been known to contain only two species, both from northern Vietnam. T. flexipes Jeekel, 1953, the type species of the genus, is recorded from Guangxi, southern China, for the first time. T. tiani sp. n., a presumed troglobite, is described from caves in Guizhou, southwestern China. A key is presented to all three species of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new nameTrogloniscusis established for the terrestrial isopod genusSinoniscusSchultz, 1995 (Styloniscidae), junior homonym of the fossil fishSinoniscusLiu and Wang, 1978. Four new species ofTrogloniscusfrom caves in Guangxi and Guizhou, southern China, are described:Trogloniscus hengliensis,Trogloniscus deharvengi,Trogloniscus clarkeiandTrogloniscus trilobatus. The first two species are terrestrial and the last two are aquatic, collected in freshwater pools. In the family Styloniscidae, only one species (Thailandoniscus annaeDalens, 1989) from southern Thailand was previously known to occur in subterranean waters. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F0AD578-2814-41E3-82D0-EE838C5DD71C [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids are important and ubiquitous chemical constituents in the atmosphere. A comprehensive study of the chemical composition of precipitation was carried out from June 2007 to June 2008 at a rural site in Anshun, in the west of Guizhou Province, China. During this period, 118 rainwater samples were collected and the main LMW carboxylic acids were determined using ion chromatography. The average pH of rainwater was 4.89 which is a typical acidic value. The most abundant carboxylic acids were formic acid (volume weight mean concentration: 8.77 µmol L-1) and acetic acid (6.90 µmol L-1), followed by oxalic acid (2.05 µmol L-1 ). The seasonal variation of concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of organic acids indicated that direct vegetation emissions were the main sources of the organic acids. Highest concentrations were observed in winter and were ascribed to the low winter rainfall and the contribution of other air pollution sources northeast of the study area. The ratio of formic and acetic acids in the precipitation ([F/A]T) was proposed as an indicator of pollution source. This suggested that the pollution resulted from direct emissions from natural or anthropogenic sources. Comparison with acid precipitation in other urban and rural areas in Guizhou showed that there was a decreasing contribution of LMW organic acids to free acidity and all anions in rainwater from urban to remote rural areas. Consequently, it is necessary to control emissions of organic acids to reduce the frequency of acid rain, especially in rural and remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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