27,680 results
Search Results
2. Discussion Paper Equi-Energy Sampler with Applications in Statistical Inference and Statistical Mechanics
- Author
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Kou, S. C., Zhou, Qing, and Wong, Wing Hung
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- 2006
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3. FDS Measurement-Based Moisture Estimation Model for Transformer Oil-Paper Insulation Including the Aging Effect.
- Author
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Fan, Xianhao, Liu, Jiefeng, Lai, Benghui, Zhang, Yiyi, and Zhang, Chaohai
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TRANSFORMER insulation , *MOISTURE , *K-nearest neighbor classification , *INSULATING oils , *MOISTURE measurement - Abstract
Moisture accumulates with the growing aging progress of oil-paper insulation and further shortens the remaining life of the transformer. The frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS) technique can be used to realize the moisture estimation. However, the moisture estimation results would be unreliable once the aging effect on FDS was ignored. Given this issue, an alternative model including the aging effect is thus proposed using FDS and intelligent algorithm. In this work, the feature parameters of FDS data are used to build the databases for characterizing the aging degree and moisture. Then, the moisture estimation models are developed using the weighted K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed models are finally discussed in laboratory and field conditions. In that respect, the findings reveal that the reported model is available for moisture estimation of transformer oil-paper insulation under various aging degrees and test temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Utilization of Online Past Examination Papers and Academic Performance of Information Technology Students at Jomo Kenyatta University- Eldoret Campus
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Grace Irura, Chelulei Kennedy Kipkosgei, and Paul Maku Gichohi
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Estimation ,Research design ,Medical education ,Government ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Validity ,Information technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Test (assessment) ,Stratified sampling ,business ,Psychology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of utilization of online past examination papers on academic performance of IT students at Jomo Kenyatta University.Methodology: Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. Respondents were the 105 undergraduate students in Information Technology Department and 2 librarians in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology-Eldoret Campus. They were sampled using stratified sampling, while Head of library and the library staff in charge of e-resources in JKUAT Eldoret Campus were purposively included in the study. Primary data was collected from students using closed-ended questionnaires, while interview guide was used on librarians. To ensure validity and reliability, pre-testing of research instruments was done on 20 undergraduate students of Mount Kenya university-Eldoret Campus in the department of Information Technology. D Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage, frequencies and standard deviation, SPSS (version 22) was used in analysing data. Univariate and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis and overall model respectively. The results were presented using tables and explanations.Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between online past examination papers and academic performance of IT undergraduate students of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology - Eldoret Campus. The study had a normal mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0.58. The online past examination papers had R estimation of 0.715. The P estimation of constant was significant (.000), consequently R square value was used. The R square estimation of 0.711 inferred that online past assessment papers anticipated 71.1% of the fluctuation in the academic performance. It had a beta of 0.504 at p
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- 2020
5. [Papers] Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network Including Attribute Estimation for Image Classification
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Kazaha Horii, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama, and Keisuke Maeda
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attribute estimation ,Estimation ,Contextual image classification ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Interpretable convolutional neural network ,Pattern recognition ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Convolutional neural network ,Signal Processing ,Media Technology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,image classification - Abstract
An interpretable convolutional neural network (CNN) including attribute estimation for image classification is presented in this paper. Although CNNs perform highly accurate image classification, the reason for the classification results obtained by the neural networks is not clear. In order to provide interpretation of CNNs, the proposed method estimates attributes, which explain elements of objects, in an intermediate layer of the network. This enables improvement of the interpretability of CNNs, and it is the main contribution of this paper. Furthermore, the proposed method uses the estimated attributes for image classification in order to enhance its accuracy. Consequently, the proposed method not only provides interpretation of CNNs but also realizes improvement in the performance of image classification.
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- 2020
6. Cross-Validation, Risk Estimation, and Model Selection: Comment on a Paper by Rosset and Tibshirani
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Stefan Wager
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Statistics and Probability ,Estimation ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Model selection ,05 social sciences ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Cross-validation ,Task (project management) ,010104 statistics & probability ,0502 economics and business ,Range (statistics) ,Artificial intelligence ,0101 mathematics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,computer ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
How best to estimate the accuracy of a predictive rule has been a longstanding question in statistics. Approaches to this task range from simple methods like Mallow’s Cp to algorithmic techniques l...
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- 2020
7. Three papers in regional dynamics and panel econometrics
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Kevin Davey Duncan
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Estimation ,Spillover effect ,Enterprise value ,Econometrics ,Economics ,Endogeneity ,Wald test ,Capital Purchase Program ,Statistical hypothesis testing ,Panel data - Abstract
This dissertation includes three chapters that cover broad topics in economics. The first chapter explores how the US Government's Capital Purchase Program, a large capital injection to local and regional banks through a stock purchase agreement, impacted local establishment dynamics such as entry, exit, employment expansion, and employment contraction following the 2008 Financial Crisis. The Capital Purchase Program dispersed over \$200 billion dollars to banks hoping to prevent failure and ease tightened lending conditions. I estimate the direct effects of a county having a bank receive Capital Purchase Program funds on local business dynamics in the seven years following treatment, as well as spillover effects as entrepreneurs and business in neighboring regions travel to gain access to credit. Estimates show the CPP had no effect on establishment entry and exit, nor employment expansion and contraction. This paper establishes that the business-lending aims of the CPP were not realized in the communities and regions that received funds, and casts further doubt on meaningful pass through of CPP funds to desirable local economic activity.The second chapter develops a joint hypothesis centered Wald test over fixed effects in large N small T panel data models with symmetric serial correlation within cross sectional observations. The enables joint hypothesis tests over inconsistently estimated fixed effects, such as the traditional varying intercept model as well as models with individual specific slope coefficients. I establish two different set of assumptions where feasible tests exist. The first assumption requires that individual errors follow a stationary $\ARp$ process. Under this assumption all second and fourth cross product moments can be consistently estimated while allowing for individual specific hypothesis and covariates to vary across individuals and time with individual specific slopes. The second feasible test requires individuals to have coefficient slopes that are shared among all individuals in a known grouping structure under the null. This set of assumptions enables estimation of a completely unconstrained variance-covariance matrix and higher cross product moments for individuals. Examples of these tests arise in wanting to establish latent panel structure, such as unobserved grouping of individuals, wanting to compare different models of teacher or firm value added against each other, or testing whether or not fixed effects can be approximated by Mundlak-Chamberlain devices.Finally, the third paper estimates how messages displaced on Dynamic Message Boards, large signs either adjacent to or displayed above roads, impact near to sign accidents. In this research, I look at the traffic-related messages such as ``drive sober,'' ``x deaths on roads this year,'' and ``click it or ticket,'' displayed on major highways, on reported near-to-sign traffic accidents. This provides estimates of the impact of different types of nudges on road safety behavior. To estimate the causal effect of these nudges, we build a new high-frequency panel data set using the information on the time and location of messages, crashes, overall traffic levels, and weather conditions using the data of the state of Vermont over a three year time period. I estimate models that control for endogeneity of displayed messages, or allow for spillover effects from neighboring messages.
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- 2020
8. Temporal Summarization of Scholarly Paper Collections by Semantic Change Estimation: Case Study of CORD-19 Dataset
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Adam Jatowt, Muhammad Syafiq Mohd Pozi, and Yukiko Kawai
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Estimation ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,Event (computing) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,05 social sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Data science ,Automatic summarization ,Semantic change ,0502 economics and business ,050207 economics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The new pandemic disease caused by COVID-19 virus is the crucial event over the world in the beginning of 2020. Studies on corona viruses have been however carried since several decades ago, with recent research papers published on weekly basis. We demonstrate a simple approach to explore CORD-19 dataset to provide a high level overview of important semantic changes that occurred over time. Our method aims to support better understanding of large domain-specific collections of scholarly publications that span long time periods and could be regarded as complementary to frequency-based analysis.
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- 2020
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9. Conference paper
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Xiaohang Fang, Riyaz Ismail, Martin H. Davy, and Nikola Sekularac
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Estimation ,Control theory ,Computer science ,Phenomenon ,Term (time) - Abstract
In this study, the role of turbulence-chemistry interaction in diesel spray auto-ignition, flame stabilization and end of injection phenomena is investigated under engine relevant “Spray A” conditions. A recently developed diesel spray combustion modeling approach, Conditional Source-term Estimation (CSE-FGM), is coupled with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation (RANS) framework to study the details of spray combustion. The detailed chemistry mechanism is included through the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) method. Both unsteady and steady flamelet solutions are included in the manifold to account for the auto-ignition process and the subsequent flame propagation in a diesel spray. Conditionally averaged chemical source terms are closed by the conditional scalars obtained in the CSE routine. Both non-reacting and reacting spray jets are computed over a wide range of Engine Combustion Network (ECN) diesel. “Spray A” conditions. The reacting spray results are compared with simulations using a homogeneous reactor combustion model and a flamelet combustion model with the same chemical mechanism. The present study represents the first application of CSE for a diesel spray. The non-reacting liquid/vapour penetration, the mean and RMS mixture fraction, the reactive region, the flame lift-off and the ignition delay show a good agreement with literature data from an optically accessible combustion vessel over a wide range of tested conditions. The CSE-FGM model also shows a better capability in predicting the end-of-injection events in diesel spray combustion. Overall, the CSE-FGM model is shown to capture the experimental trends well, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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- 2020
10. Effect of cumulative moisture content on degradation of transformer paper insulation.
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Ariannik, Mohamadreza, Razi-Kazemi, Ali Asghar, and Lehtonen, Matti
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ELECTRIC insulators & insulation ,MOISTURE ,ELECTRIC power system reliability ,DEGREE of polymerization ,ELECTRIC transformers - Abstract
Nowadays, reliability of power system is of great importance. Therefore, the condition of transformers as the expensive and critical components of a power system should be monitored and assessed. The dominant factor that causes limitation in transformers lifetime is the paper insulation. This paper aims to investigate the conspicuous influence of moisture content, especially in low oxygen and temperature on lifetime estimation under constant conditions, based on the results of previous experiments. Degree of polymerization (DP) is employed to quantify the effects of detrimental parameters with respect to their time-varying nature. This paper proposes a novel lifetime estimation-approach considering a yearly moisture growth for transformers. The results indicate different trend of DP profiles, which lead to an accurate lifetime estimation in comparison with DP obtained through ideal conditions. Furthermore, oscillations in the hot-spot temperature of transformers are demonstrated to have a negative effect on the lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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11. Review Paper on Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE
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Amare Dg
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Estimation ,Soil loss ,Environmental science ,Soil science - Published
- 2020
12. Desert island papers-A life in variance parameter and quantitative genetic parameter estimation reviewed using 16 papers
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Robin Thompson
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0301 basic medicine ,Mixed model ,Restricted maximum likelihood ,Scientific career ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,Statistics ,Computer software ,Animals ,Humans ,Inbreeding ,Mathematics ,Estimation ,Likelihood Functions ,Sheep ,Models, Genetic ,Estimation theory ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Variance (accounting) ,History, 20th Century ,040201 dairy & animal science ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics, Population ,Linear Models ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Algorithms ,Software - Abstract
I review my scientific career in terms of eight areas and 16 papers. The first two areas are associated with childhood. The other six are associated with residual maximum likelihood (REML), canonical transformation, inbreeding in selected populations, average information residual maximum likelihood (AIREML), the computer program ASReml and sampling-based estimation.
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- 2018
13. Shadow prices of environmental outputs and production efficiency of household-level paper recycling units in Vietnam
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Nguyen Van Ha, Virginia Maclaren, and Shashi Kant
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Paper recycling ,Estimation ,Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Linear programming ,restrict ,Shadow price ,Econometrics ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,Production efficiency ,Environmental quality ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The production efficiency and shadow prices of three environmental outputs (BOD, COD, and SS) of 63 household-level paper-recycling units, from a recycling craft village in Vietnam, are assessed A two-stage procedure, linear programming and stochastic estimation, is used to estimate output distance function. Social capital as a production factor and environmental outputs are included in the output distance function. Results indicate that production efficiencies could potentially be improved by 28%. There is a substantial variation in the shadow prices of environmental outputs among the production units of different types of paper products. Furthermore, the average shadow prices of the three environmental outputs are all positive. This indicates a potential for improving environmental quality though introducing pollution-prevention methods to paper-recycling production processes in Vietnam (e.g., recirculation of wastewater), and suggests that it may be inappropriate to restrict the shadow prices of environmental outputs to be non-positive for the analysis of some production processes.
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- 2008
14. Meta-analysis data for 104 Energy-Economy Nexus papers
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Agáta Kociánová, Vladimír Hajko, and Martina Buličková
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Estimation ,Energy ,Multidisciplinary ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Scopus ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Data science ,GDP ,Granger causality ,Energy-Economy Nexus ,Meta-analysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Econometrics ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Nexus (standard) ,Energy economics ,Data Article ,lcsh:Q1-390 ,Multinomial logistic regression - Abstract
The data presented here are manually encoded characteristics of research papers in the area of Energy-Economy Nexus (empirical investigation of Granger causality between energy consumption and economic growth) that describe the methods, samples, and other details related to the individual estimations done in the examined empirical papers. Data cover papers indexed by Scopus, published in economic journals, written in English, after year 2000. In addition, papers were manually filtered to only those that deal with Energy-Economy Nexus investigation and have at least 10 citations at (at the time of query – November 2015). This data are to be used to conduct meta-analysis – associated dataset was used in Hajko [1] . Early version of the dataset was used for multinomial logit estimation in Master thesis by Kocianova [2] .
- Published
- 2017
15. Estimating and decomposing the rate of technical change in the Swedish pulp and paper industry: A general index approach
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Patrik Söderholm and Robert Lundmark
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Estimation ,Economics and Econometrics ,Index (economics) ,Standard time ,Contrast (statistics) ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Relative price ,Pulp and paper industry ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Technical change ,Dummy variable ,Economics ,Panel data - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the rate and the impacts of technical change in the Swedish pulp and paper industry. In contrast to earlier research on this industry we replace the standard time trend with time-specific dummy variables enabling the estimation and decomposing of a general index of technical change. The analysis is made within a Translog cost function model, which is estimated using a panel data set with observations across individual paper and board mills over the time period 1974–1994. Our results indicate that the highest rates of technical change have generally occurred during the latter part of this period. Pure technical change is the primary component that has directed technical change over the entire time period. We also find evidence of non-neutral technical change. Energy use has been stimulated by technical improvements while labour use has been discouraged. Also, technical change has had wastepaper and woodpulp using impacts. However, the magnitudes of these latter impacts are relatively small, implying that the increase in wastepaper use during the last decades has mainly been stimulated by relative price changes.
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- 2004
16. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper
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Sacha Epskamp, Eiko I. Fried, Denny Borsboom, and Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG)
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Psychological networks ,050103 clinical psychology ,Psychometrics ,Network psychometrics ,Computer science ,Stability (learning theory) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Variation (game tree) ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Statistics - Applications ,Article ,Field (computer science) ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Methodology (stat.ME) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Replicability ,Tutorial ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Applications (stat.AP) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Statistics - Methodology ,General Psychology ,Estimation ,Syntax (programming languages) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Sampling (statistics) ,Bootstrap ,Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ,Female ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Centrality ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
The usage of psychological networks that conceptualize psychological behavior as a complex interplay of psychological and other components has gained increasing popularity in various fields of psychology. While prior publications have tackled the topics of estimating and interpreting such networks, little work has been conducted to check how accurate (i.e., prone to sampling variation) networks are estimated, and how stable (i.e., interpretation remains similar with less observations) inferences from the network structure (such as centrality indices) are. In this tutorial paper, we aim to introduce the reader to this field and tackle the problem of accuracy under sampling variation. We first introduce the current state-of-the-art of network estimation. Second, we provide a rationale why researchers should investigate the accuracy of psychological networks. Third, we describe how bootstrap routines can be used to (A) assess the accuracy of estimated network connections, (B) investigate the stability of centrality indices, and (C) test whether network connections and centrality estimates for different variables differ from each other. We introduce two novel statistical methods: for (B) the correlation stability coefficient, and for (C) the bootstrapped difference test for edge-weights and centrality indices. We conducted and present simulation studies to assess the performance of both methods. Finally, we developed the free R-package bootnet that allows for estimating psychological networks in a generalized framework in addition to the proposed bootstrap methods. We showcase bootnet in a tutorial, accompanied by R syntax, in which we analyze a dataset of 359 women with posttraumatic stress disorder available online., Comment: Accepted for publication in Behavior Research Methods
- Published
- 2017
17. Validation of non-participation bias methodology based on record-linked Finnish register-based health survey data : a protocol paper
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Emma Gorman, Megan A. McMinn, Hanna Tolonen, Linsay Gray, Alastair H Leyland, Harri Rissanen, Pekka Martikainen, Tommi Härkänen, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Demography, Population Research Unit (PRU), Center for Population, Health and Society, Sociology, and University of Helsinki
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Male ,ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION ,0302 clinical medicine ,Research Methods ,Protocol ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Registries ,Finland ,education.field_of_study ,RESPONDENTS ,public health ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,5141 Sociology ,Female ,Record linkage ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Population ,PARTICIPATION ,Sample (statistics) ,Synthetic data ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Humans ,COHORT ,RATES ,education ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Protocol (science) ,Estimation ,OLDER ,Actuarial science ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Public health ,CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY ,Health Surveys ,Survey data collection ,Patient Participation ,business ,FOLLOW-UP ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
IntroductionDecreasing participation levels in health surveys pose a threat to the validity of estimates intended to be representative of their target population. If participants and non-participants differ systematically, the results may be biased. The application of traditional non-response adjustment methods, such as weighting, can fail to correct for such biases, as estimates are typically based on the sociodemographic information available. Therefore, a dedicated methodology to infer on non-participants offers advancement by employing survey data linked to administrative health records, with reference to data on the general population. We aim to validate such a methodology in a register-based setting, where individual-level data on participants and non-participants are available, taking alcohol consumption estimation as the exemplar focus.Methods and analysisWe made use of the selected sample of the Health 2000 survey conducted in Finland and a separate register-based sample of the contemporaneous population, with follow-up until 2012. Finland has nationally representative administrative and health registers available for individual-level record linkage to the Health 2000 survey participants and invited non-participants, and the population sample. By comparing the population sample and the participants, synthetic observations representing the non-participants may be generated, as per the developed methodology. We can compare the distribution of the synthetic non-participants with the true distribution from the register data. Multiple imputation was then used to estimate alcohol consumption based on both the actual and synthetic data for non-participants, and the estimates can be compared to evaluate the methodology’s performance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval and access to the Health 2000 survey data and data from administrative and health registers have been given by the Health 2000 Scientific Advisory Board, Statistics Finland and the National Institute for Health and Welfare. The outputs will include two publications in public health and statistical methodology journals and conference presentations.
- Published
- 2019
18. Dual Control and Information Gain in Controlling Uncertain Processes**This paper was not presented at any IFAC meeting. Corresponding author H. C. La. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Heidelberg Graduate School for Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences. Support by the EU through S. Engell’s and H.G. Bock’s ERC Advanced Investigator Grant MOBOCON (291 458) is gratefully acknowledged
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Hans Georg Bock, Andreas Potschka, Johannes P. Schlöder, and Huu Chuong La
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Estimation ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Engineering ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,Control engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Task (project management) ,Dual (category theory) ,Model predictive control ,Noise ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,020401 chemical engineering ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Control theory ,Order (exchange) ,Quality (business) ,0204 chemical engineering ,business ,media_common - Abstract
In controlling uncertain processes, it is decisive to utilize information provided by measurements in order to estimate parameters and states. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is a popular method to implement feedback control and deal with uncertainties. Conventional NMPC or nominal control, however, sometimes does not provide enough information for system estimation, leading to unsatisfactory performance. Dual control attempts to strike a balance between the two goals of enhancing system estimation and optimizing the nominal objective function. In this paper, we analyze the performance of these strategies through the interplay between the performance control task and the information gain task in connection with Optimal Experimental Design. Examples illustrate the conflict and agreement between the two tasks and explain why in some cases nominal control performs well. It is also observed that measurement noise provides excitation helping to improve the quality of estimates.
- Published
- 2016
19. Estimation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of some trace levels elements in document paper samples using ICP-MS
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Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein, Dana Elena Popa, Ion Tanase, Gabriela Elena Udristioiu, and Andrei A. Bunaciu
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Estimation ,Propagation of uncertainty ,General Chemical Engineering ,Data quality ,Statistics ,Measurement uncertainty ,Sensitivity analysis ,Statistical dispersion ,General Chemistry ,Uncertainty analysis ,Mathematics ,TRACE (psycholinguistics) - Abstract
The measurement uncertainty characterizes the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to the measurand and there are different approaches for uncertainty estimation. This study illustrates the application of the GUM (bottom-up) approach to estimate the measurement results uncertainty for the quantitative determination of Al, Ba, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr and Zn from document paper samples using ICP-MS. The measurement uncertainty estimation was done based on identifying, quantifying and combining all the associated sources of uncertainty separately. Certain typical steps were followed: specifying the measurand; identifying the major sources of uncertainty; quantifying the uncertainty components; combining the significant uncertainty components; determining the extended combined standard uncertainty; reviewing the estimates and reporting the measurement uncertainty. For the eight mentioned trace elements the combined standard uncertainties and the expanded uncertainties were determined. The relative measurement uncertainty values lay between 7.7% and 13.6%. In all the five paper samples for each of the eight elements homogenous uncertainty values were obtained. In order to emphasize the uncertainty sources contributions, the percent contribution of the uncertainty components to the combined relative standard uncertainty were graphically represented for the elements determined by ICP-MS in paper samples. The previously validated method proved to be suitable for the intended purpose and when the uncertainty of the measurement results is estimated, it becomes a significant tool for characterizing the elemental composition of the document paper samples. Moreover, the applied approach for the uncertainty estimation enables improving the data quality and decision making.
- Published
- 2015
20. Ranking and mapping of universities and research-focused institutions worldwide based on highly-cited papers: A visualization of results from multi-level models
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Moritz Stefaner, Ruediger Mutz, Lutz Bornmann, Félix de Moya Anegón, Bornmann, Lutz [0000-0003-0810-7091], Moya Anegón, Félix de [0000-0002-0255-8628], Bornmann, Lutz, and Moya Anegón, Félix de
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Physics - Physics and Society ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scopus ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Statistics - Applications ,Scientific excellence ,Excellence ,Originality ,Google Maps ,Highly-cited papers ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Applications (stat.AP) ,media_common ,Estimation ,Geography of science ,Societal impact of nanotechnology ,University ranking ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Data science ,Computer Science Applications ,Ranking ,Geocoding ,Spatial scientometrics ,Indicator value ,Information Systems - Abstract
Purpose - The web application presented in this paper allows for an analysis to reveal centres of excellence in different fields worldwide using publication and citation data. Only specific aspects of institutional performance are taken into account and other aspects such as teaching performance or societal impact of research are not considered. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach - Based on data gathered from Scopus, field-specific excellence can be identified in institutions where highly-cited papers have been frequently published. Findings - The web application (www.excellencemapping.net) combines both a list of institutions ordered by different indicator values and a map with circles visualising indicator values for geocoded institutions. Originality/value - Compared to the mapping and ranking approaches introduced hitherto, our underlying statistics (multi-level models) are analytically oriented by allowing the estimation of values for the number of excellent papers for an institution which are statistically more appropriate than the observed values; the calculation of confidence intervals as measures of accuracy for the institutional citation impact; the comparison of a single institution with an >average> institution in a subject area: and the direct comparison of at least two institutions.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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21. Full paper: Height estimation of gondola-typed facade robot
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H. Sun, Dong Yeop Kim, and C-W. Park
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Estimation ,Computer science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Robot ,Facade ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology ,Full paper ,Simulation - Published
- 2012
22. Full paper: Estimation with applications to dynamic status of an excavator without renovation
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M.S. Kang, D.S. Shin, S.H. Lee, and C.S. Han
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Estimation ,Excavator ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Gerontology ,Civil engineering ,Full paper - Published
- 2012
23. Full paper: Estimation of job-site work progress through on-site monitoring
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Alessandro Carbonari, Federico Robuffo, Alberto Giretti, and Gabriele Novembri
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Estimation ,Work (electrical) ,Computer science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Site monitoring ,Gerontology ,Industrial engineering ,Full paper - Published
- 2012
24. Life Characteristic and Life Estimation of Paper Based Phenolresin Laminates
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Kenji Hayashi, Kazuya Higashibata, Takaho Tanaka, and Teruo Miyamoto
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Estimation ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Paper based ,Structural engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Reliability engineering - Published
- 1994
25. Analysis of Research Papers Published by the Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care (The First Issue∼2012)
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In Cheol Hwang, Hong Yup Ahn, and Kyung-Ah Kang
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Estimation ,Medical education ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Palliative care ,Future studies ,Ethical issues ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,Sample size determination ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Healthcare industry ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to suggest a direction for future studies based on the analysis of the articles published in the Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care from 1998 to 2012. A total of 240 articles (51 reviews, 189 original) were examined in three five-year groups. Categories of analysis include authors' background (profession, region) and general characteristics and qualitative aspects of the original paper (participants, topic, study design, data analysis, ethical consideration, multidisciplinary approach, research funds and sample size estimation). While the journal publishes more of articles than before, it is mainly due to the increase in the number of review articles, not original articles. As for study topics, healthcare industry and physical symptoms were most frequently studied. The disparity in authors' regional background is fading, and more articles are published by nurses than before. Moreover, more studies are funded while fewer papers tend to adopt a multidisciplinary approach or focus on care givers. Also, in terms of a study design, the number of experimental and methodological studies has slightly increased. In the qualitative aspect, studies considered ethical issues and collected participation consent, and fewer studies reported an estimated sample size. In data analysis, post-adjustment comparison decreased, and new analytical methods are increasingly used. Our results indicate the need to conduct research with more extensive scientific data in various fields of hospice and palliative care.
- Published
- 2013
26. Estimation of cancer risk due to exposure to lead contamination in Joss paper
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Beuy Joob and Viroj Wiwanitkit
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0301 basic medicine ,Estimation ,Cancer Research ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Contamination ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lead (geology) ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,business ,Cancer risk ,Letters to the Editor - Published
- 2017
27. Use of validated community-based trachoma trichiasis (TT) case finders to measure the total backlog and detect when elimination threshold is achieved: a TT methodology paper
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John Sironka, Ernest Barasa, Gichangi M, Francis Kiio, Jefitha Karimurio, Alice Mwangi, Doris W. Njomo, Kefa Ronald, Catherine Kareko, and Hillary Rono
- Subjects
Male ,Trichiasis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,TTall ,03 medical and health sciences ,Survey methodology ,0302 clinical medicine ,case finders ,TT15 ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,education ,Mass screening ,Trachoma ,Estimation ,education.field_of_study ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Research ,Trachoma trichiasis ,Public health ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Kenya ,Surgery ,Community health ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Female ,Public Health ,TT40 ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organization recommends TT surveys to be conducted in adults aged 15+ years (TT 15 survey) and certifies elimination of TT as a public health problem when there is less than 1 unknown case per 1,000 people of all ages. There is no standard survey method to accurately confirm this elimination prevalence threshold of 0.1% because rare conditions require large and expensive prevalence survey samples. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate operational research method to measure the total backlog of TT in people of all ages and detect when the elimination threshold is achieved. Methods Between July to October 2016, an innovative Community-based, Mapping, Mop-up and Follow-up (CMMF) approach to elimination of TT as a public health problem was developed and tested in Esoit, Siana, Megwara and Naikara sub-locations in Narok County in Kenya. The County had ongoing community-based TT surgical camps and case finders. TT case finders were recruited from existing pool of Community health volunteers (CHV) in the Community Health Strategy Initiative Programme of the Ministry of Health. They were trained, validated and supervised by experienced TT surgeons. A case finder was allocated a population unit with 2 to 3 villages to conduct a de jure pre-survey census, examine all people in the unit and register those with TT (TT all survey). Identified cases were confirmed by TT surgeons prior to surgery. Operated patients were reviewed at 1 day, 2 weeks and 3-6 months. The case finders will also be used to identify and refer new and recurrent cases. People with other eye and medical conditions were treated and referred accordingly. Standardised data collection and computer based data capture tools were used. Case finders kept registers with details of all persons with TT, those operated and those who refused to be operated (refusals). These details informed decision and actions on follow-up and counselling. Progress towards achievement of elimination threshold was assessed by dividing the number of TT cases diagnosed by total population in the population unit multiplied by 1,000. Results Narok County Government adopted both the CMMF approach and TT all survey method. All persons in 4,784 households in the four sub-locations were enumerated and examined. The total population projection was 29,548 and pre-survey census 22,912 people. Fifty-three cases of TT were diagnosed. The prevalence was 0.23% and this is equivalent to 2.3 cases per thousand population of all ages. Prior to this study, the project required to operate on at least 30 cases (excess cases) to achieve the elimination threshold of 1 case per 1000 population. Conclusion The total backlog of TT was confirmed and the project is now justified to lay claim of having eliminated TT as a public health problem in the study area. TT all method may not be appropriate in settings with high burden of TT. Nomadic migrations affect estimation of population size. Non-trachomatous TT could not be ruled-out.
- Published
- 2017
28. Computational methods for exploiting image-based data in paper web profile control
- Author
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Ohenoja, M. (Markku) and Leiviskä, K. (Kauko)
- Subjects
papermaking ,säätö ,estimation ,paperinvalmistus ,mittaus ,imaging ,kuvantava ,simulation ,scanning ,skannaava ,simulointi ,measurements ,control ,estimointi - Abstract
Sheet and film forming processes such as paper manufacturing pose a challenging monitoring and control problem, where quality variations are classified into machine direction (MD), cross-machine direction (CD) and residual variation. The measurements are typically collected with a scanning sensor that covers only a small part of the paper web, and therefore provides a very limited view of the paper web, setting performance limitations on the online monitoring and control. The development of cameras, light sources and computation hardware enable the consideration of utilizing in-use web inspection systems in paper machines to measure the paper web variations with a considerably higher resolution, sampling rate and coverage. The light transmittance images captured with this kind of system need, however, to be converted into a controllable quality property, such as basis weight, in order to utilize the new measurement information for control purposes. In this thesis, computational methods are identified and developed that are capable of combining light transmittance and scanning measurements, and can efficiently utilize the combined information for control purposes. The possible benefits gained with these image-based measurements in paper machine online monitoring and profile control are evaluated in a simulation environment. In a real paper machine, the benefits are ultimately dependent on the machine configuration and the nature of paper variations therein. It was found that with a suitable estimation method, light transmittance could increase the awareness of basis weight variations such as fast MD variation, tilted waves and dynamic CD variation patterns, which are practically undetectable using scanner-based measurement. The enhanced basis weight estimation enables a considerable improvement in the dynamic performance of profile controls. CD control was able to handle fast variations earlier classified as uncontrollable residual variation. In MD control, enhanced estimation enabled the development of a control strategy that led to improved reference tracking and disturbance rejection properties. Tiivistelmä Paperinvalmistus on yksi esimerkki levyjen tai kalvojen valmistusprosesseista, jotka ovat tyypillisesti haasteellisia prosessin monitoroinnin ja säädön kannalta. Laatuvaihtelut näissä prosesseissa luokitellaan koneensuuntaisiin (MD), poikkisuuntaisiin (CD) ja jäännösvaihteluihin. Paperikoneella mittaukset kerätään tavallisesti radan yli liikkuvalla skannaavalla sensorilla, joka tarjoaa vain hyvin rajoitetun määrän informaatiota paperiradasta, asettaen siten rajoituksia online monitoroinnin ja säädön suorituskyvylle. Kameroiden ja valonlähteiden kehitys sekä laskentakapasiteetin kasvu mahdollistavat paperiradan vaihteluiden mittaamisen huomattavasti korkeammalla resoluutiolla ja näytteenottovälillä jo käytössä olevilla vianilmaisujärjestelmillä. Vianilmaisujärjestelmän keräämä valon transmittanssitieto pitää kuitenkin muuntaa esimerkiksi neliömassatiedoksi, jotta uutta mittausinformaatiota voitaisiin hyödyntää myös prosessin online säädössä nykyisillä toimilaitteilla. Tässä työssä on identifioitu ja kehitetty laskennallisia menetelmiä, jotka kykenevät yhdistämään kuvantavan ja skannaavan mittauksen sekä käyttämään tätä yhdistettyä tietoa säätötarkoituksissa. Kuvapohjaisen mittauksen mahdollisia hyötyjä online monitoroinnissa ja profiilien säädössä on arvioitu simulointiympäristössä. Saavutettavat hyödyt paperikoneella ovat lopulta riippuvaisia myös koneen konfiguraatiosta ja koneella ilmenevien laatuvaihteluiden luonteesta. Tulokset osoittavat, että transmittanssimittauksen ja tehokkaan estimointimenetelmän avulla kyetään lisäämään tietämystä neliömassamuutoksista, joita ei käytännössä voida havaita pelkän skannaavan mittauksen avulla. Estimoinnin parempi suorituskyky mahdollistaa myös profiilisäätöjen dynaamisen suorituskyvyn kasvattamisen. CD-säätö voitiin laajentaa kattamaan myös nopeita vaihteluita, jotka ovat aiemmin luokiteltu jäännösvaihteluksi. MD-säädölle voitiin kehittää säätöstrategia, jonka avulla sekä asetusarvojen seurantaa että häiriöiden vaimennusta pystyttiin parantamaan.
- Published
- 2016
29. [Paper] Blind PSNR Estimation of Compressed Video Sequences Supported by Machine Learning
- Author
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Naofumi Wada, Masahiro Wakabayashi, Jiro Katto, and Takahiro Kumekawa
- Subjects
Estimation ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Speech recognition ,Video sequence ,AC power ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Support vector machine ,Signal Processing ,Media Technology ,Saliency map ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Published
- 2014
30. Survey Paper On Bandwidth Estimation For Video Streaming
- Author
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Sumant Deo
- Subjects
Estimation ,Computer science ,Real-time computing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Bandwidth (computing) ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Video streaming - Published
- 2016
31. Application of extreme learning machine (elm) in paper insulation deterioration estimation of power transformer
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Sukumar Mishra and Hasmat Malik
- Subjects
Estimation ,Computer science ,Forensic engineering ,Reliability engineering ,Extreme learning machine - Published
- 2016
32. Uncertainty analysis in flood hazard assessment: hydrological and hydraulic calibrationThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Hydrotechnical Engineering
- Author
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Nicole Goutal, Giuseppe Passoni, Etienne de RocquignyE. de Rocquigny, Aurelie Arnaud, and Pietro Bernardara
- Subjects
Estimation ,Flood myth ,Operations research ,Calibration (statistics) ,Environmental science ,Errors-in-variables models ,Sensitivity analysis ,Inverse problem ,Uncertainty analysis ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,General Environmental Science ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Interest in the actual estimation of the uncertainty affecting flood hazard assessments is increasing within the scientific community and among decision makers. Several works may be found in the hydrological and hydraulic literature listing the sources of uncertainty affecting the estimation of extreme flood levels. Here, a well-assessed uncertainty treatment procedure is applied to carry out a complete flood hazard assessment study to encompass both the hydrological and hydraulic components. In particular, the focus is on modeling the sources of uncertainty via a direct (for discharge) or inverse (for roughness hydraulic coefficient) approach. The results illustrate the relative importance of the hydraulic and hydrological uncertainty sources on the final uncertainty. The solution of the inverse problem for the calibration of the roughness coefficient proves useful for several reasons, including the quantification of model error.
- Published
- 2010
33. Critique of CHE Research Paper 81: Methods for the Estimation of the NICE Cost Effectiveness Threshold
- Author
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Sarah Britton, Adrian Towse, Paul Barnsley, and Jon Sussex
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Estimation ,Marginal cost ,Health economics ,Public economics ,Cost effectiveness ,Project commissioning ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Nice ,Health technology ,Excellence ,Medicine ,business ,computer ,computer.programming_language ,media_common - Abstract
This report is a critique of the Centre for Health Economics Research Paper No. 81 (CHERP81), which estimates that the marginal cost of a QALY for the NHS in England in 2008/9 was £12,936. There is much to admire in the approach, detailed analysis, and reporting set out in CHERP81 and we recommend detailed reading of it. The focus of this OHE Occasional Paper is, however, on the points where we take issue with or have queries about the CHERP81 work. The magnitude of the marginal cost of a QALY in the NHS is important as it informs the cost effectiveness threshold used in health technology assessments (HTAs) by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Indeed this was the motivation for the commissioning of the study by the Medical Research Council (MRC) as part of a programme of methodological research relevant to NICE. Understanding the expected QALYs displaced in the NHS by a NICE recommendation is an important part of helping NICE make optimal decisions in relation to the approval of new technologies. The CHERP81 estimate for 2008/9 is lower than NICE’s announced threshold range for approving new products of £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY.
- Published
- 2013
34. Estimation geometric parameter sample from protected type of the paper
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Estimation ,Statistics ,Sample (statistics) ,Type (model theory) ,Mathematics - Published
- 2011
35. Review Paper on Crop Area Estimation Using SAR Remote Sensing Data
- Author
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Kapil Jajulwar, Priyanka Shewalkar, and Anand Khobragade
- Subjects
Polarimetric sar ,Estimation ,Crop ,Crop acreage ,Computer science ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Microwave remote sensing ,Monitoring system ,business ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Crop detection is a critical and evaluative first step towards almost agricultural monitoring systems. The ability to identify crop type makes it possible to estimate the agricultural area allocated under crop and hence compute relevant statistics providing essential information for crop control of area-based subsidies The capabilities of SAR for discriminating crop type have been previously explored. The main aim is to brief the mechanism of crop acreage estimation and area monitoring using SAR data, Envisat-ASAR, or polarimetric SAR with multi-temporal and multi polarized datasets and review the research progress on crop estimation and area monitoring using microwave remote sensing.
- Published
- 2014
36. Review Papers: Modeling Capture, Recapture, and Removal Statistics for Estimation of Demographic Parameters for Fish and Wildlife Populations: Past, Present, and Future
- Author
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Kenneth H. Pollock
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Estimation ,Mark and recapture ,Computer science ,Statistics ,Wildlife ,Econometrics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Census ,Catch per unit effort ,Robustness (economics) ,Speculation ,Bayesian inference - Abstract
In this article I review the modeling of capture, recapture, and removal statistics for the purpose of estimating demographic parameters of fish and wildlife populations. Topics considered include capture-recapture models, band or tag return models, removal and catch per unit effort models, selective removal or change-in-ratio models, radio-tagging survival models, and nest survival models. The purpose is to present important concepts in a general manner for the benefit of a wide audience of statisticians. I will not attempt to be comprehensive, and I indulge in speculation about future directions. I indicate the importance of different statistical tools to this subject, such as Bayesian inference, “boot strapping,” robustness studies, goodness-of-fit tests. I also emphasize connections to other application areas of statistics. Capture-recapture methods, for example, are being considered for estimation of a variety of elusive human populations, such as the homeless and people missed in the census...
- Published
- 1991
37. Assessment factors for human health risk assessment : a discussion paper
- Author
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Theo Vermeire, Monique Rennen, Moniek N. Pieters, Wout Slob, Betty C. Hakkert, Hantzen Stevenson, and Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO
- Subjects
Data base ,Computer science ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,Health hazard ,Risk Factors ,Dose response ,Toxicity Tests ,Econometrics ,Range (statistics) ,Animals ,Humans ,Point estimation ,Set (psychology) ,Nutrition ,Probability ,Estimation ,Motivation ,No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Probabilistic logic ,Benchmarking ,Risk factor (computing) ,Standard ,Health ,Risk assessment ,Human - Abstract
The general goal of this discussion paper is to contribute toward the further harmonization of human health risk assessment. It first discusses the development of a formal, harmonized set of assessment factors. The status quo with regard to assessment factors is reviewed, that is, the type of factors to be identified, the range of values assigned, as well as the presence or absence of a scientific basis for these values. Options are presented for a set of default values and probabilistic distributions for assessment factors based on the state of the art. Methods of combining default values or probabilistic distributions of assessment factors are also described. Second, the effect parameter, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), is discussed. This NOAEL as selected from the toxicological database may be a poor substitute for the unknown, true no-adverse-effect level (NAEL). New developments are presented with respect to the estimation of the NAEL. The already widely discussed Benchmark Dose concept can be extended to obtain an uncertainty distribution of the Critical Effect Dose (CED). This CED distribution can be combined with estimated uncertainty distributions for assessment factors. In this way the full distribution of the Human Limit Value will be derived and not only a point estimate, whereas information on dose-response relations is taken into account. Finally, a strategy is proposed for implementation of the new developments into human health risk assessments.
- Published
- 1999
38. Retraction Statement. Paper by Manizate et al., entitled Liver functional reserve estimation: state of the art and relevance to local treatments Oncology 2010;78(suppl 1):131-134, DOI: 10.1159/000315241
- Author
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Shigeru Marubashi, Seock-Ah Im, Dirk Bauerschlag, Jae Yup Hong, Walter Jonat, Violante Di Donato, Laura Pala, Masayuki Ohue, Druckerei Stückle, Ran-Ju Kim, Hee Jung Ahn, Sun Young Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Christoph Mundhenke, Domenica Lorusso, Antonia S. Wenners, Yoshiyuki Fujiwara, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, Tae Won Kim, Marion T. Weigel, Masahiko Yano, Cheolwon Suh, Masaaki Motoori, Jeong Eun Kim, Katharina Tiemann, Eunjin Bae, Mathias Muth, Seon-Young Kim, Monika Baier, Cathy Mast, Young Suk Park, Antonella Palazzo, Veronica Bellini, Nicolai Maass, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Paolo Lisi, Peter Rosen, Italo Sarno, Shingo Noura, Yong Sang Hong, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Young Kwon Hong, Jong Jin Oh, Kentaro Kishi, Nam Keun Kim, Dong Soo Park, Donald I. Feinstein, Leonardo Bianchi, Ibrahim Alkatout, Christian Schem, Byeong Seok Sohn, Keijiro Sugimura, Yong Sung Kim, Sven Hanson, Fritz W. Schaefer, Maret Bauer, Masato Sakon, Alfonso Marchianò, Elena Torrisi, Francesco Raspagliesi, Joong Bae Ahn, Seong Joon Park, and Hidenori Takahashi
- Subjects
Estimation ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Actuarial science ,Oncology ,Statement (logic) ,business.industry ,medicine ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,General Medicine ,business - Published
- 2014
39. Realization of Rewinder With a Reduced Number of Sensors.
- Author
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Jeftenić, Borislav I. and Bebić, Milan Z.
- Subjects
MACHINERY ,ESTIMATION theory ,PROGRAMMABLE logic devices ,FIELD programmable gate arrays ,PAPER industry - Abstract
When adequately maintained, the mechanical system of rewinders and similar machines in paper industry may have a significantly longer service life than its electrical and control systems. Over the lifetime of the facility, a rewinder may experience several major maintenance cycles, and these generally include significant upgrades to the electrical drive and control system. These upgrades present an opportunity to modify the design of the control system to eliminate some of the sensors or to provide signal redundancy by using state estimation. During such major reconstruction of a paper-board rewinder, it was noticed that the shipping-roll radius and the web tension force can be accurately estimated from the measurements available within the drive's control system. This paper presents the implementation of the two estimators on a commercial production rewinder. Test results from the equipment in service show that the measured signals can be supplemented with the estimated ones to provide an alternative in the event of sensor malfunction or to enable trending of accuracy of calibration. Both applications have an entitlement to reduce the downtime of the rewinder, as the replacement of the faulted sensor can be scheduled for the next planned idle period of the machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The dynamic general nesting spatial econometric model for spatial panels with common factors
- Author
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Elhorst, J. Paul and Research programme EEF
- Subjects
Spatial spillovers ,Original Paper ,Economics and Econometrics ,Bar (music) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Nesting (process) ,Raising (metalworking) ,Dynamic effects ,Spatial panels ,Econometric model ,C51 ,Econometrics ,Economics ,Common factors ,C21 ,Estimation ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,C23 - Abstract
The dynamic general nesting spatial econometric model for spatial panels with common factors is the most advanced model currently available. It accounts for local spatial dependence by means of an endogenous spatial lag, exogenous spatial lags, and a spatial lag in the error term. It accounts for dynamic effects by means of the dependent variable lagged in time, and the dependent variable lagged in both space and time. Finally, it accounts for global cross-sectional dependence by means of cross-sectional averages or principal components with heterogeneous coefficients, which generalizes the traditional controls for time-invariant and spatial-invariant variables by unit-specific and time-specific effects. This paper provides an overview of the main arguments in favor of each of these model components, as well as some potential pitfalls.
- Published
- 2022
41. Heavy tail modeling and teletraffic data: special invited paper
- Author
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Sidney I. Resnick
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Linear programming ,Poisson processes ,independence ,62M09 ,Point process ,Moving average ,Range (statistics) ,Econometrics ,regular variation ,Statistical physics ,autoregressive processes ,Mathematics ,consistency ,estimation ,Estimation theory ,System identification ,Estimator ,linear programming ,Hill estimator ,Heavy-tailed distribution ,time series analysis ,62M10 ,Heavy tails ,weak convergence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,parameter estimation - Abstract
Huge data sets from the teletraffic industry exhibit many nonstandard characteristics such as heavy tails and long range dependence. Various estimation methods for heavy tailed time series with positive innovations are reviewed. These include parameter estimation and model identification methods for autoregressions and moving averages. Parameter estimation methods include those of Yule-Walker and the linear programming estimators of Feigin and Resnick as well estimators for tail heaviness such as the Hill estimator and the qq-estimator. Examples are given using call holding data and interarrivals between packet transmissions on a computer network. The limit theory makes heavy use of point process techniques and random set theory.
- Published
- 1997
42. Guest editorial: Advances in functional size measurement and effort estimation – Extended best papers
- Author
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Aleš ivkovič, Cigdem Gencel, and Alain Abran
- Subjects
Estimation ,Operations research ,Computer science ,Functional Size Measurement ,Industrial engineering ,Software ,Computer Science Applications ,Information Systems - Published
- 2011
43. A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Stereo-Based Depth Estimation.
- Author
-
Laga, Hamid, Jospin, Laurent Valentin, Boussaid, Farid, and Bennamoun, Mohammed
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,COMPUTER vision ,MACHINE learning ,AUGMENTED reality ,LEARNING communities ,AUTONOMOUS vehicles - Abstract
Estimating depth from RGB images is a long-standing ill-posed problem, which has been explored for decades by the computer vision, graphics, and machine learning communities. Among the existing techniques, stereo matching remains one of the most widely used in the literature due to its strong connection to the human binocular system. Traditionally, stereo-based depth estimation has been addressed through matching hand-crafted features across multiple images. Despite the extensive amount of research, these traditional techniques still suffer in the presence of highly textured areas, large uniform regions, and occlusions. Motivated by their growing success in solving various 2D and 3D vision problems, deep learning for stereo-based depth estimation has attracted a growing interest from the community, with more than 150 papers published in this area between 2014 and 2019. This new generation of methods has demonstrated a significant leap in performance, enabling applications such as autonomous driving and augmented reality. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of this new and continuously growing field of research, summarize the most commonly used pipelines, and discuss their benefits and limitations. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, we also conjecture what the future may hold for deep learning-based stereo for depth estimation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Estimation of Sheet Modulus of Elasticity Using Drive Field Signals.
- Author
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Valenzuela, M. Aníbal, Bentley, John Martin, and Lorenz, Robert D.
- Subjects
ELASTICITY ,ESTIMATION theory ,SIGNAL processing ,PAPERMAKING machinery ,ALGORITHMS ,OPERATOR theory ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials - Abstract
Online sensing of sheet modulus of elasticity in the dry-end spans of printing grade paper machines (PMs) will permit the machine operators to control the mechanical properties of the produced paper. This paper develops an integrated sensorless tension control and sheet modulus of elasticity estimation algorithm, which is tested using field-recorded signals from a production PM and using a full model of the dry-end sections of this machine. Results show the ability of the proposed estimation algorithm to predict the sheet tension (tensile force) and sheet modulus of elasticity even in the presence of rapid changes in the speed and/or in other process operating conditions. The developed algorithms offer the papermaker new insights into the papermaking process. The ability to understand how modulus changes in real time provides a pathway to optimizing the operation of the PM drive system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. ESTIMATES OF CONSTRUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE STOCK FOR CAPE VERDE: 1980-2019.
- Author
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LOPES, Jorge and TAVARES, Admir
- Subjects
CAPITAL stock ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,INVESTMENTS - Abstract
Building and other construction assets constitute a significant part of a country's physical and economic infrastructure. According to several writers, the knowledge of reliable data of building and other construction assets of a specific country or region is a crucial element for the long-term management of these assets. Built capital stock statistics at the national or international levels have been available for most countries of the world, both developed and less developed ones, for some time, but construction infrastructure stock statistics at the disaggregated level are very scarce, even for most developed countries. Furthermore, the methodologies to produce the estimates of built capital stock, at the international level, do not consider countries' specificities. This paper discusses the methodologic issues for producing construction infrastructure stock statistics for Cape Verde, and makes estimates for the period 1980-2019. The paper outlines the Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) used to produce capital estimation, data employed, and the assumptions made to estimate missing data. The paper analyses the level of the construction infrastructure stock estimates for Cape Verde, as well as their impact on the development pattern of the country's construction industry, and suggests how further studies can enhance our comprehension of the relationship between construction investment and economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Letter: Comment on the paper 'Elimination of systematic error in subpixel accuracy centroid estimation' [see 30(9)1320-1331(Sep1991)]
- Author
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Ikram E. Abdou
- Subjects
Systematic error ,Estimation ,Computer science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Centroid ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Subpixel rendering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Published
- 1995
47. Will there be a third COVID-19 wave? A SVEIRD model-based study of India’s situation
- Author
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Dwarakesh Kannan, Rudra Banerjee, R. Gurusriram, Pritish Kumar Varadwaj, and Srijit Bhattacharjee
- Subjects
SEIRD ,Estimation ,Vaccination rate ,Original Paper ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,History ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,COVID-19 ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Development economics ,Pandemic ,SARS-CoV-II ,Mass vaccination ,Epidemics ,Third wave ,Model - Abstract
Since the first patient was detected in India in late February 2020, the SARS-CoV-II virus is playing havoc on India. After the first wave, India is now riding the second wave. As was in the case of European countries like Italy and the UK, the second wave is more contagious and at the time of writing this paper, the per day infection is as high as 400,000. The alarming thing is it is not uncommon that people are getting infected multiple times. On the other hand, mass vaccination has started step by step. There is also a growing danger of potential third wave is unavoidable, which can even infect kids and minors. In this situation, an estimation of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-II is necessary to combat the pandemic. We have used a modified SEIRD model that includes vaccination and repeat infection as well. We have studied India and 8 Indian states with varying SARS-CoV-II infections. We have shown that the COVID-19 wave will be repeated from time to time, but the intensity will slow down with time. In the most possible situation, our calculation shows COVID-19 will remain endemic for the foreseeable future unless we can increase our vaccination rate manifold.
- Published
- 2021
48. Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research
- Author
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Lutz Bornmann, Robin Haunschild, and Werner Marx
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Estimation ,Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Survivability ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Climate change ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Scientific literature ,Heat wave ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Geography ,Hot weather ,Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph) ,Regional science ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Urban heat island ,High humidity - Abstract
Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has been published on this literature hitherto. We developed a suitable search query to retrieve the relevant literature covered by the Web of Science (WoS) as complete as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature (n = 8,011 papers). The time-evolution of the publications shows that research dealing with heat waves is a highly dynamic research topic, doubling within about 5 years. An analysis of the thematic content reveals the most severe heat wave events within the recent decades (1995 and 2003), the cities and countries/regions affected (United States, Europe, and Australia), and the ecological and medical impacts (drought, urban heat islands, excess hospital admissions, and mortality). Risk estimation and future strategies for adaptation to hot weather are major political issues. We identified 104 citation classics which include fundamental early works of research on heat waves and more recent works (which are characterized by a relatively strong connection to climate change)., 40 pages, 2 tables, and 9 figures
- Published
- 2021
49. Estimation of exogenous drivers to predict COVID-19 pandemic using a method from nonlinear control theory
- Author
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Alexander Wasserburger, Lukas Böhler, Michael Bergmann, Christoph Hametner, Robert Kölbl, Stefan Jakubek, Zhang Peng Du, Martin Kozek, and Thomas Bachleitner-Hofmann
- Subjects
Estimation ,Data source ,Original Paper ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Dynamical systems theory ,Computer science ,Epidemiological modelling ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Psychological intervention ,COVID-19 ,Differential flatness ,Aerospace Engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,Nonlinear control ,Complement (complexity) ,Control and Systems Engineering ,SARS-CoV2 ,Dynamical systems ,Pandemic ,Econometrics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
The currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic confronts governments and their health systems with great challenges for disease management. Epidemiological models play a crucial role, thereby assisting policymakers to predict the future course of infections and hospitalizations. One difficulty with current models is the existence of exogenous and unmeasurable variables and their significant effect on the infection dynamics. In this paper, we show how a method from nonlinear control theory can complement common compartmental epidemiological models. As a result, one can estimate and predict these exogenous variables requiring the reported infection cases as the only data source. The method allows to investigate how the estimates of exogenous variables are influenced by non-pharmaceutical interventions and how imminent epidemic waves could already be predicted at an early stage. In this way, the concept can serve as an “epidemometer” and guide the optimal timing of interventions. Analyses of the COVID-19 epidemic in various countries demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach. The generic character of the method allows for straightforward extension to different epidemiological models.
- Published
- 2021
50. Social and Emotional Competencies And Attitudes of Parents and Educators As Determinants of Abilities and Talents Perception of Preschool Children
- Author
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Anela Hasanagić and Amina Odobašić
- Subjects
Estimation ,Socioemotional selectivity theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,parents ,Sociodemographic data ,Developmental psychology ,Unpublished paper ,socio-emotional competencies ,children ,Expression (architecture) ,Perception ,AZ20-999 ,educators ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,Psychology ,giftedness ,media_common - Abstract
To ensure that the process of giftedness development runs smoothly, it is necessary to build adequate socio-emotional competencies related to the ability to use various social and emotional stimulation from the environment to achieve results that enable satisfactory and competent participation in groups, communities, and society to which individual belongs. The goal of this research was to examine whether and to what extent are socio-emotional competencies of parents and Kindergarten teachers are significant predictors of the perception of talents of preschool children. The sample consisted out of 100 participants from Zeničko-Dobojski kanton, 75 parents, and 25 educators. As instruments, we used: Questionnaire of general sociodemographic data (SD questionnaire), Giftedness Questionnaire (Von Krafft and Semke, 2008), and questionnaire of socioemotional competencies of educators (Jusufovic, unpublished paper). The results indicate that among all socio-emotional competencies of parents the only that is significant predictor is awareness of others for assessing the expression of one’s characteristics, for assessing the expression of talent and out of socio-demographic variables, the variable of age parents is significant, but only for assessing the expression of talents (older parents perceive less giftedness). Furthermore, in the case of educators, pure non-violent communication is important for socio-emotional competencies for the expression of one’s characteristics, then for the expression of talents significant factors are non-violent communication, awareness of others, emotion regulation, self-esteem, and the total score of socio-emotional competencies. Among socio-demographic characteristics, the important predictor is working experience for perceiving talents. In addition to this, there are statistically significant differences between parents and educators, in an expression of talent, and the results show that educators are better in the estimation of expression of talents.
- Published
- 2021
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