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In today's era, all firms face new challenges consequent to rising digitization. The urge of digital transformation has led to significant benefits including economic growth and sustainable development. However, there is limited resources on the integration between digital transformation and sustainable business performance. To address the issue, this paper presents a systematic literature review on the relationship between digital transformation and sustainable business performance, aiming to highlight the impact of digital transformation on the business performances of the entrepreneurs with particular emphasis on the sustainable aspect. Thus, this study analysed 130 academic articles from the Scopus database for the period between 2019 and 2023. By using SLR method, this paper identified the characteristics of the body of knowledge in this research: the evolution of the publications, the most cited journals, the key emerging trends, and the intellectual knowledge related to the research field. The findings of this study is helpful for the policy makers and regulators to design policies that can enhance sustainable business performance through effective digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the effect of financial innovation on economic growth in 28 transition countries from 2004 to 2021. Financial innovation is categorized based on the structure of the financial system, including commercial banks, non-commercial banks and financial markets. By applying difference GMM estimation, the research demonstrated a significant positive effect of financial innovation in commercial banks and non-commercial banks on economic growth. The results show that a greater number of financial innovations in terms of products and services, processes, technology and function in commercial banks and non-commercial banks would result in higher economic growth in transition countries. In contrast, financial innovation in financial markets indicates significantly negative effects on economic growth. Introducing complex products in stock and bond markets in underdeveloped financial markets probably lead to the volatility and fragility, reducing economic growth. The results of this research contribute to issuing crucial policies that employ financial innovation as an impulse for spurring economic growth in transition countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic growth is deemed to be a conducive factor in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) as it often confers location advantage to host countries and fosters business confidence. This paper examines the short-run and the long-run effects of economic growth on FDI inflows. The empirical analysis is conducted through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) System estimator for dynamic panel models. The main results show significant positive effects of economic growth on FDI inflows, and they indicate that the magnitudes of these effects are statistically comparable over time and do not diminish with higher economic growth levels. They also reveal important variations in the magnitude of these effects across geo-economic regions and over pertinent economic variables such as economic development level, international trade and foreign investment openness, and endowment in natural resources. These findings underscore the significance of developing growth-enhancing policies that are designed on the basis of the economic and geo-economic characteristics of host countries. Such policies could be coupled with international trade and foreign investment openness directions to stimulate stronger responses of FDI inflows to economic growth and mitigate the implications of unfavorable global and regional political conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China leads the world in the volume of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in agriculture. This status is the result of long-term policies, including the agricultural «going out» strategy and the «Belt and Road» initiative. Despite this leadership, the overall volume of both total FDI and agricultural FDI has been declining in recent years. This paper aims to analyse the structure and trends of Chinese outward FDI in agriculture, given the limited availability of statistical data. The results show that the total volume of China's agricultural FDI exceeded $106.98 billion (7.4% of China's total outward FDIs) in the period from 2005 to 2023. Despite fluctuations in investment volume, there has been a growth trend, with a peak in 2017 marked by significant transactions such as the acquisition of Syngenta. Developed countries are the primary recipients of Chinese FDI in agriculture, while developing countries dominate Chinese construction projects. The list of both investors and builders includes predominantly state-owned enterprises. In summary, the trajectory of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in agriculture presents a compelling narrative of strategic global engagement and economic expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the long‐term effects of population and GDP changes requires a multisectoral and regional understanding of the coupled human‐Earth system, as the long‐term evolution of this coupled system is influenced by human decisions and the Earth system. This study investigates the impact of compounding economic and population growth uncertainties on long‐term multisectoral outcomes. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to explore the influence of compounding and feedback between future GDP and population growth on four key sectors: final energy consumption, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and CO2 emissions. The results show that uncertainties in GDP and population compound, resulting in a magnification of tail risks for outcomes across sectors and regions. Compounding uncertainties significantly impact metrics such as CO2 emissions and final energy consumption, particularly at the upper tail at both global and regional levels. However, the impact of staple food prices and water withdrawal depends on regional factors. Additionally, an alternative low‐carbon transition scenario could compound uncertainties and increase tail risk, particularly in staple food prices, highlighting the influence of emergent constraints on land availability and food‐energy competition for land use. The findings underscore the importance of considering and adequately accounting for compounding uncertainties in key drivers of multisectoral systems to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of multisectoral systems. The paper provides valuable insights into the potential implications of compounding uncertainties. Plain Language Summary: Understanding how future population and economic growth changes could impact our energy, water, food, and environment requires looking across multiple sectors and regions. This is because these systems are all connected. For example, increasing population drives higher food demand but requires more energy and water to grow food. At the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy through increased biofuel consumption can compete with food production for land resources. This study explored how uncertainties in future population and GDP growth could compound and interact to affect future energy use, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and carbon dioxide emissions. Using a model that connects all these systems, the study found that combined uncertainties in population and GDP lead to more significant risks of extreme outcomes than individually looking at those uncertainties. There are substantial regional differences in future outcomes, like higher uncertainty in food prices for India and West Africa compared to other regions. We highlight the need to consider multisector and multisystem interactions between uncertainties across different regions. Accounting for these compounding uncertainties provides valuable insights into potential risks, like higher extreme projections for food prices or water use. These insights are essential for long‐term planning in our connected human‐Earth system. Key Points: Long‐term implications of population and GDP changes on the coupled human‐Earth system focusing on multisectoral and regional understandingUncertainties in GDP and population growth can compound, resulting in more extreme outcomes for multisectoral systemsCompounding uncertainties differ by region and metrics; staple food prices and water withdrawal show significant regional variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the property of Universidad de Deusto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of financial sector development on international trade in upper-middle-income countries. The paper focuses on financial stability as a key element of the financial system and investigates whether economic growth is a conduit through which banking sector development and stock market development influence international trade. Thus far, the impact of financial sector development on international trade has received limited attention. The study adopts the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, employing balanced panel data from 13 upper-middle-income countries for a period ranging from 2006-2017. Using the Z-score as a proxy for financial stability, evidence suggests that banking sector development has a positive and significant influence on international trade, while stock price volatility as a proxy for financial market stability, was found to have had an insignificant influence on foreign trade. The researcher recommends that upper-middle-income countries implement policy measures that enhance financial stability. This could have currency stability implications. A stable currency benefits international trade by reducing exchange rate volatility. Stable exchange rates offer foreign trade participants a predictable environment for trade activities. Further research should be conducted to investigate other channels as possible transmission mechanisms. This paper contributes to the global discourse on whether economic growth is the conduit through which financial sector development can influence international trade. The researcher observed that financial sector development is an integral part of economic growth, and its influence is premised on the financial proxies employed, which yield unique outcomes based on regional economic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research paper is to apply a mathematical model to estimate and predict the economic growth of the Caspian countries in the period from 1995 to 2022. We use multiple regression by applying the OLS method to estimate the impact of global oil price, energy resource production per capita, trade, and renewable energy on GDP per capita. The mathematical approach uses fixed and random effects models to assess the overall impact of the independent variables on economic growth in this region and over the period analysed. This study also aims to investigate whether the explanatory variables are cointegrated in the long run; as such, we carry out several mathematical cointegration tests, namely the Pedroni and Johansen tests. The mathematical analysis is completed by the estimation of short- and long-run parameters using the stochastic VAR/VEC models, the impulse response function, and the causality test to assess economic growth in this region. This study's main finding is that GDP per capita is increasingly influenced by its previous values, which is confirmed by considering lag 1 and lag 2. The results of the Granger causality tests identify several bidirectional relationships between GDP per capita and oil and gas production. These relationships are clearly positive evidence of the growth trend and progress of economic activity in the Caspian region. The practical implications of the study aim to promote and support the use of renewable energy sources. In this sense, policymakers in the Caspian countries should create favourable conditions for the transition to a green economy. An important aspect is the efforts of the government authorities to make their policies more environmentally friendly, as decarbonisation is a good practice in the current context of sustainability and related choices. As the Caspian countries are heavily dependent on conventional energy production, it is essential for them to increase their export earnings from energy resources via diversifying and strengthening new energy opportunities and partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desarrollo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The demographic dividend, a concept that is widely used in development cooperation, describes the economic growth potential based on shifts towards a large share of workingage population in the course of the demographic transition. However, a long-term global country-level assessment of the underlying changes in the working-age population and associated demographic factors is missing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to identify and describe past, present, and future global patterns in changes in the share of the working-age population and to detect the relevance of associated demographic factors. METHODS: Using cluster and linear regression analyses, we identify patterns in trajectories of working-age populations and detect associated demographic factors. We perform these analyses for 148 countries, using data from the UN World Population Prospects 2022 (1950-2100). RESULTS: Our results expose distinct trajectories of changes in the share of working-age population. We find noticeable differences between countries that are already further along the demographic transition and those still with relatively high levels of fertility. In addition to fertility, changes in the share of working-age population are associated with migration and population momentum. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of countries that are still in the earlier stages of the demographic transition show changes in the share of working-age population that differ substantially from countries that experienced significant fertility decline in the past. CONTRIBUTION: Besides exposing distinct trajectories of changes in the share of working-age population, our study reveals the relevance of migration and population momentum to potential benefits from a demographic dividend - two factors that are not receiving enough attention in current discussions about the prospects for demographic dividends in countries that are yet to experience noticeable increases in the share of their working-age population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper provides a new empirical evidence of the impact of Global security on economic growth in Tunisia. Like Buzan (1991), the framework used four types of security: army security, economic security, social security, and political security. Design/methodology/approach: The authors examine the multidimensionality of global security using ARDL-based cointegration bound tests. The model allows also for examining the long-run/short-run impacts of global security indicators on economic growth. Findings: The proposed methodology revealed interesting results that may raise some potentially prominent policy implications. First, the findings show that the four security indicators have a significant impact on economic growth. In particular, from a social/political security point of view, the fundamental objective is to satisfy the needs of the poorest population, to limit the effect of social demands and protests on economic and political stability, to review the subsidy principle and aid policy to the poorest families, for greater efficiency and social equity. Originality/value: The study highlights that global security is no longer a question of just army and defense, but it is also a question of equity, economic, social, and political development. These results call for the policymaker to adopt a strategy that reduces regional disparities and social inequalities and this through fairly distributing financial wealth for the benefit of marginalized populations. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0082 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With no clear evidence of its origin, hybrid warfare is a worldwide phenomenon, its effects having worldwide reverberations. Characterised by a very high adaptability and flexibility of the methods and procedures used, as well as the continuous expansion of the target audience or the area of coverage, hybrid warfare is not a new concept in human history. Overshadowed by the much higher degree of destruction and the very large number of human victims - specific to conventional war - unconventional actions - an integral part of hybrid war - often go unnoticed, but their effects are felt in all areas of human society existence. Today, the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation are classic examples of hybrid warfare, characterised by true intentions concealment along with the fact that special operations forces experience and support allowed ethnic Russian communities to organise paramilitary groups with the aim of creating an ambiguous and insecure environment on Ukraine's territory. Furthermore, these events forced NATO leaders to identify and implement measures to limit and reduce Russian Federation possibilities to apply a similar strategy against the Black Sea or Baltic Sea member states. Analysing in detail the Russian hybrid actions major impact in the maritime environment, materialised both by the two parties' state borders modification and the Russian Federation Exclusive Economic Zone expansion to the detriment of Ukraine, this paper aims to identify geographical and economic vulnerabilities in the Black Sea, the exploitation of which can result in the weakening of the south-eastern flank of the North Atlantic Alliance. Moreover, the present study's results will represent the basis of a further analysis that will highlight the optimal measures for their reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors affecting people’s happiness have attracted much attention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper was conducted to investigate whether internet use, economic growth, and environmental quality improvements can ease psychological darns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of Southeast countries, and by applying the Bayesian inference, the findings of this study are summarized: (i) internet use and economic growth positively drive people’s happiness; (ii) the effect of environmental quality on happiness is unclear in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this evidence, the study suggests practical implications for policymakers in boosting economic growth and enhancing people’s happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the digital economy to empower urban economic green growth provides essential opportunities for China to achieve high-quality growth. This paper assesses the level of digital economy and green growth in Chinese cities, seeking to explore the mechanisms and effects of the digital economy on urban green growth in a unified framework. The results indicate that the digital economy can drive cities' green growth. This conclusion still holds after a set of robustness tests. Meanwhile, the green value of the digital economy is fully released among the eastern cities, major urban agglomerations, and high-level cities. Further research shows that the digital economy can indirectly enhance urban green growth in the neighboring regions through spatial spillover effects. Moreover, labor resource mismatch, capital resource mismatch and green technology innovation are significant mediating mechanisms. The findings could guide policymakers on green growth in emerging economies from a digital economy perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of public administration is a pertinent and significant subject matter at the European Union level, and by extension, at the national level in Romania. The primary goal of this study is to examine the process of digitalization in public administration and assess the implications generated by the adoption of e-government services on several macroeconomic variables, namely economic growth, quality of life and potential growth. In this perspective, we shall undertake an analysis of the advantages that digitalization confers, as well as the trajectory that digitalization follows within Romania's public administration. Also, the paper shows several models of best practices with varying levels of digitalization observed within public administration and public services at the European Union (EU) level, as a possible direction that Romanian policy makers can adopt, considering the current level of digitalization and the competitiveness environment al EU level when it comes to the future of IT&C. The paper concludes that countries that had a forward-looking perspective and adopted digitalization measures for public administration in the past will now use the Recovery and Resilience Funds to develop Internet 4.0 elements to solve problems and compute data, as a way of revolutionizing how governments operate and serve their citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contratexto is the property of Contratexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maritime sector is pivotal for the economic growth of coastal cities like Cádiz, Spain. In our globalised world, ports face high competitiveness, emphasising the growing need for English-proficient staff. This research focuses on the Port Authority of Cádiz Bay's language-training programme, aiming to enhance employees' English proficiency for job excellence. Through a qualitative study, the paper not only analyses the current programme but also proposes an alternative linguistic training approach. The ultimate objective is to equip port workers with language skills that contribute to providing excellent services to users, addressing the evolving demands of the maritime industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To become the fastest-growing large economy in the world, India has set a target growth rate of 9%, reaching an economy of $5 trillion by 2024-25. It is an immense challenge to meet the growth target and keep the CO2 emissions under control. The present paper aims to discover the determinants for explaining CO2 emissions in India by conducting a complete decomposition analysis, where the residuals are fully distributed to the determinants for the country from 1990-2018. The analysis reveals that the biggest contributor to the rise in CO2 emissions in India is the expansion of the economy (scale effect). The intensity of CO2 and the change in the composition of the economy, which nearly move in tandem, also contribute to the rise in CO2 emissions, although more slowly. A declining energy intensity of the Indian economy is responsible for a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions. As a typical result for an upcoming economy, this paper did not find evidence for an environmental Kuznets curve. This implies that continued economic growth will lead to increased CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü - Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the dynamic interactions between green finance, economic growth, and green energy consumption for the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) members. The econometric analysis is conducted on annual data gathered throughout 2010–2020 using different estimation techniques of the Vector Autoregressive model, causality, and co-integration approaches. The main results confirmed a positive bi-directional relationship between GDP and green energy consumption. In addition, there is a two-way relationship between the volume of green bond issuance and the use of green energy in OECD countries. The recommended practical policy recommendations are establishing a unified green bonds market among OECD member states, prioritizing green projects to support the issued green bonds, improving the financial system, and financing rural electrification and electric vehicle transition by green bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, participate in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. In total, there are 193 countries committed to fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which was implemented in 2015. One of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals is to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all. This goal is expressed in the following indicators: employment and unemployment rates, people killed in accidents at work, real GDP per capita, resource productivity, and domestic material consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyze SDG 8 in the Western Balkan economies. Since the Western Balkan countries are EU candidates or potential candidates, comparing their performance with the EU average is vital. The results show that although Western Balkan countries have improved their performance, they still fall behind the EU average. They should focus more on increasing their economic growth rates and providing more sustainable workplaces. Therefore, future actions to be enhanced by the economic policy in the Western Balkans should include the implementation of legal facilitations for start-ups and other firms in order to boost the stimulus for entrepreneurship, develop sustainable migration policy, and promote stable forms of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is hypothesized that a well-functioning financial market is necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the expected economic growth. Therefore, policy instruments of government aimed at streamlining financial sector activity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are imperative. As a result, this paper explores the effect of financial development on economic growth by allowing the link between the two far variables to be mediated by the quality of institutions for the period 2000–2019. Using Twenty-nine (29) countries and the System-Generalized Method of Moments (system-GMM) estimation method, it is found that financial development has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. In addition, it is found that, when rule of law, political stability, and regulatory quality are highly effective, the positive effect of financial development on economic growth is magnified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of economic growth efficiency, this paper adopts the traditional DEA-Malmquist index method and the SBM-ML index method considering undesired output to measure the growth efficiency of China's real economy with or without environmental constraints. The results show that: (1) From 2005 to 2017, the total factor productivity of China's real economy increased by 2.7%, but under environmental constraints, the total factor productivity of China's real economy decreased by 0.6%, mainly due to the "drag" of the growth efficiency of the real economy by technological changes. Second, without considering the unintended output, 76.67% of the provinces and cities have improved the growth efficiency of the real economy, and 93.33% have made technological progress. Third, under environmental constraints, the total factor productivity and technological progress showed an upward trend only in the central region, while all other regions showed a downward trend to varying degrees. The descending range is east > northeast > west. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two perspectives on the analysis of economic growth have developed within the input–output framework. On the one hand, Leontief proposed a dynamic model, where investment supplies the necessary capital stock needed to produce future output. On the other hand, Structural Decomposition Analysis assumes that changes in the output level are dependent on the behaviour of the technological and final demand components. This paper examines the differences between input–output tables of different periods to explain growth, as well as the contribution of the final demand components in the phenomenon. Further, the article provides examples based on the coefficient tables of five OECD economies, between 1995 and 2011, to illustrate the relevance of the method proposed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a paper by Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and Tristan Reed that explores the role of market size in economic development and poverty reduction. The paper argues that market size is a significant constraint on development and that conventional development policies may not be fully effective. The authors present evidence that supports their perspective and propose measures of market size. However, the article also highlights the potential negative effects of international integration on domestic producers and raises questions about the strong version of the argument. It suggests that other factors, such as macro policies and commodity prices, may have contributed to the recent economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. The article concludes by discussing the changing global context and the need to focus on domestic demand for sustained economic development. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines Myanmar's economic structure and its sources of economic growth during the period of economic reformation from 2010 to 2015. The study compares the economic performance of Myanmar with that of four other ASEAN countries employing the backward linkage and deviation from proportional growth (DPG) approaches. The data used for the analysis are sourced from the Eora global database and the Asian Development Bank's database. During 2010–2015, Myanmar experienced significant gross production expansion with the growth rate of 1.84 times, which stands as the highest among the selected countries. Despite its high economic growth, Myanmar lags behind the four other ASEAN countries in terms of industrialization and international trade. Myanmar's economy mainly relies on domestic market with poor international trade record. The analysis of backward linkages reveals that the transport equipment sector made the largest contribution to output growth in Myanmar. On the other hand, DPG approach indicates that Myanmar's economic growth during 2010–2015 can be mainly attributed to the expansion of the public administration sector, driven by increased consumption and public and private investment. Industrialization remained underdeveloped until 2015 with the manufacturing sectors not significantly impacting on economy and export growth. Despite some improvements in manufacturing sectors after 2016, the promotion of the manufacturing sectors and agriculture sector is still necessary to foster export and output expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China superseded Japan as the world's second-largest economy and Germany as the world's biggest exporter of merchandise. As its economic expansion is continuing, China makes efforts to identify and exploit new sources of growth and development. In this respect, China has launched and promoted its Belt and Road Initiative since 2013. The goals of the paper are to briefly describe the Belt and Road Initiative and to illustrate the Chinese economic pragmatism in this case. The authors achieved the objectives of the paper by using a quantitative method. The information was gathered through a comprehensive literature review from various sources of secondary data. The paper demonstrates the Chinese economic pragmatism in launching, developing and supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban landscapes are under great pressure and particularly vulnerable, due to climate change, population growth and economic development. Despite the growing understanding that Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) represent efficient solutions to facilitate adaptation to climate change and increase cities' resilience, their wide-scale adoption is still limited. There is a need to include NBS in urban governance and planning agendas through policy instruments, such as plan/legislative, economic and information instruments. However, there is a lack of studies that assess such policy instruments and, through the use of specific examples, how they can foster NBS adoption. The objective of this study is to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review, using a bibliometric and a content analysis, collating and reviewing papers that consider policy instruments and NBS in order to: (i) assess the existence of policy instruments that influence the adoption of NBS; and (ii) evaluate the existence of specific examples of policy instruments. Results show that plan/legislative instruments are most mentioned, followed by economic and information instruments. However, examples of specific policy instruments being used in practice are still scarce in literature, as most studies remain theoretical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of technology on economic growth and development have been an area that many economists have focused on, especially since the post-World War II period. Technology itself has been taken as an external factor by Solow (1957) for economic growth whereby later is accepted as an internal factor by Romer (1986) and Lucas (1988). This study aims to analyze the differing technological impact on economic growth between countries with a high share of tourism in their gross domestic product and countries with a high share of the industry by setting a model based on Solow Growth Model. Another aim of the study is to determine the direction of the net effect of technology for the determined country groups. In such a way that, by increasing productivity, technology is the most important factor in solving the world's scarce resources problem. However, it also causes social and economic problems by creating negative externalities such as environmental pollution and global warming. The primary motivation of this paper is to fulfill the area that can not be met in the literature about the specific difference in technology's effect on economic growth between industry and tourism countries. In addition, to set the impact differences and clarify the net effect of technology, two different country groups have been defined consisting of 30 tourism countries and 30 industrialized countries. The same growth model was imposed in which capital, labor, tourism income, trade openness, and middle and high-technology export level as independent variables for both groups. GMM-Generalized Method of Moment estimator was applied, and it is surprisingly concluded that technology has a negative impact on both country groups' economic growth. This paper fulfills the area that can not be met in the literature about the specific difference in technology's effect on economic growth between industry and tourism countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the highs and lows of Russian-South Korean collaboration in science and technology (S&T) during the first 10 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries (1988–1998). S&T collaboration served as a path to improve diplomacy in the absence of prior interaction and offered an opportunity for both countries to collaborate in their pursuit of technological advancement and economic growth. However, the history of this collaboration has been largely forgotten. The paper investigates the reasons for the decline of Russian-South Korean S&T collaboration and identifies potential obstacles to establishing a lasting and stable bilateral partnership in the field of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to analyse the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Burundi and to determine whether there is an inflation threshold or not to allow monetary authority to adopt the optimal policies to deal with shocks. With annual data from 1990 to 2020, the ARDL approach is adopted to assess the short and long run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The results showed a negative and significant relationship in the short run between inflation and economic growth, and a positive and significant relationship between investment, household consumption, and exchange rate with economic growth in the long run. Moreover, with the conditional least square (CLS) method used to determine the threshold, an inflation threshold of 13% above which inflation is harmful to growth by 3.7% was found. In addition, two stage least square (2SLS) was used for robustness checking and yielded the same results. We recommend to policy makers to target an inflation ceiling of 13%, to coordinate the various policies, whether monetary, budgetary and fiscal, and to promote investment and improve the structure of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo / Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo / Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to examine the relationship between economic growth and economic freedom in the member states of the European Union (EU) from 2005 to 2020. By employing various statistical approaches, including The Ordinary Least Squares, Random Effect Model, and Fixed Effect Model, we analyze the data to estimate the overall and individual effects of economic freedom on economic growth. The present study concludes that the economic freedom has an impact on the economic growth phenomena and that the freedom economic liberalization contributes to a much better economic wellbeing of the population and determines an increasing tendency of the economy. After we independently evaluated different sub-indicators of economic freedom, we have discovered that the values of the majority of the economic freedom indicators have a significant contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is crucial for any country as an indicator of development. However, a sustainable growth warrants development in a sustainable manner and required to register all round development that provide economic security to the marginalized and maintain environment sustainability. After a challenging implementation of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), United Nations has called for implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the same has commenced since 2015 and the various targets are to be achieved by 2030. The objective of the paper is to assess the significance of SDGs and assess the progress of implementation in India. Gender equality is one development agenda that the policy makers have been debating in India and the paper looks into the status of implementation. The methodology of the paper is to review the progress made in the implementation of SDGs in India. Existing literature on SDGs and Gender Equality would be reviewed to gather deeper understanding of the subject. The paper is expected to help policy makers, practitioners and civil society in understanding the significance of ensuring gender equality and advocate for better policies and programs to correct the imbalance in gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The progress of green credit in China is accelerating, but its development is uneven and insufficient in different regions. And whether the issuance of green credit can effectively promote the improvement of the environment and economy is not well understood. Objective: Previous research has found that green credit promotes economic growth through improvement of the industrial structure and green technological innovation. However, these studies have not considered the positive externality of environmental improvement even though environmental improvement and economic growth are requirements of the sustainable development concept. Methods: We use the chain-mediated model to estimate the impact of green credit issuance on the economic growth of different provinces since the large-scale implementation of green credit in China with data from 2008 to 2016. Results and conclusion: This paper shows that the issuance of green credit can improve labor supply rather than labor productivity through the improvement of air quality to achieve regional economic growth. Such a chain-mediated path is different from the economic growth caused by industrial structural adjustment and green technology innovation. At the national level, every 1% increase in green credit issuance relative to industrial loans will increase the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by approximately 4.6 yuan, or 0.012%, through air quality and labor supply, accounting for 2.875% of the total effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to regional industrial structure differences and diminishing marginal effects, the impact of green credit is stronger in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. For every 1% increase in the proportion of green credit issuance relative to industrial loans, the per capita GDP growth achieved through the chain-mediated path is approximately 30.17 yuan in the western region, approximately 6.6 times greater than that at the national level. Within a 95% confidence interval of 5000 bootstrap samples, this path is found to be true, and the chain-mediated effect accounts for approximately 12.96% of the total indirect effect. Limitations: The limitation of this paper is the measurement of green credit. Although green credit has a large volume, it remains underdeveloped, and there is a lack of perfect indicators. Most existing studies have adopted only alternative or reverse indicators to measure the issuance of green credit. For example, this paper takes the interest expenditure of six high-energy-consuming enterprises as the reverse indicator, which may to a certain extent lead to the overestimation of the issuance of green credit and its impact on the environment and economy. Future research can accurately explore the performance of green credit on the basis of its mature development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality is a major problem that places women at a disadvantage thereby stymieing economic growth and societal advancement. In the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted on gender related issues, studying both their antecedents and consequences. However, existing literature reviews fail to provide a comprehensive and clear picture of what has been studied so far, which could guide scholars in their future research. Our paper offers a scoping review of a large portion of the research that has been published over the last 22 years, on gender equality and related issues, with a specific focus on business and economics studies. Combining innovative methods drawn from both network analysis and text mining, we provide a synthesis of 15,465 scientific articles. We identify 27 main research topics, we measure their relevance from a semantic point of view and the relationships among them, highlighting the importance of each topic in the overall gender discourse. We find that prominent research topics mostly relate to women in the workforce–e.g., concerning compensation, role, education, decision-making and career progression. However, some of them are losing momentum, and some other research trends–for example related to female entrepreneurship, leadership and participation in the board of directors–are on the rise. Besides introducing a novel methodology to review broad literature streams, our paper offers a map of the main gender-research trends and presents the most popular and the emerging themes, as well as their intersections, outlining important avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify whether there is a spatial correlation problem among China's provincial energy consumption, economic growth, and ecological environment, this paper adopts the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019 and uses a spatial data analysis method. This work studies economic growth and the spatial distribution pattern of the ecological environment, as well as the spatial effects of its energy consumption and economic growth on the ecological environment. Moreover, the spatial autocorrelation model, spatial-temporal transition method, and generalized moment estimation method are adopted to conduct empirical analysis on the research object. The results show that (1) there are spatial correlations among energy consumption, economic growth, and the ecological environment in China's provinces, and there are obviously different agglomeration areas in spatial distribution; (2) energy consumption, economic growth, and the ecological environment level show different growth trends, and the differences between different provinces in provincial units are shrinking; and (3) regarding energy consumption, the spatial impact of economic growth on the ecological environment is obvious, and there are obvious "path dependence" characteristics in the spatial distribution and positive correlations. Finally, this paper puts forward research conclusions and relevant suggestions on the basis of empirical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial structure optimization is an important explanatory variable of economic growth. The allocation of production factors among industries affects the evolution of industrial structure and then acts on economic growth. Labor force is one of the most important factors of production. In recent years, there has been a significant wage difference between different industries in China's labor market, and the employees have shifted from low-wage industries to high-wage industries. Using the sample data of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2018, this paper tests whether this wage-guided labor industry allocation will affect economic growth and whether there is an intermediary effect of industrial structure optimization. The empirical results show that the allocation of labor force to high-wage industries not only directly hinders economic growth but also indirectly hinders economic growth through the intermediary effect of industrial structure optimization. Furthermore, this paper makes a comparative study in different regions. The research conclusion shows that promoting the optimization of industrial structure and economic growth depends on correcting the price distortion of labor market and guiding the cross-industry rational allocation of labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of taxes on the economic growth based on classifying countries by GDP per capita and a tax burden. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) technique is used because it is not too sensitive to outliers. Through this multicriteria classification technique, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to analyze the data of the three groups consisting of 63 countries from 2003 to 2017. The results show that most taxes have a positive impact on economic growth in poor countries (Group 1). Interestingly, taxes on goods and services promote economic growth in rich countries (Group 3), rather than having a negative effect, as is concluded by some previous studies. Specially, while the property tax has a negative effect on economic growth in rich countries, its impact is significantly positive in poor countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy–environment–growth nexus has been examined for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, mainly using time series data. However, the important role of renewable energy and population has largely been ignored in previous studies. As such, this study is conducted to investigate a causal link between renewable energy usage, population, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. In addition, a relatively new and advanced panel vector autoregressive model and the Granger non-causality test for heterogeneous panels are utilized with a sample of seven ASEAN countries for almost three decades since 1990. Key findings from this paper are as follows. First, renewable energy usage responds to population growth and leads to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Second, economic growth and renewable energy usage explain a substantial proportion of the change in energy consumption. Third, a bidirectional Granger causality does exist in each pair among energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. We argue that moderating population growth and extending renewable energy usage are vital to achieving sustainable economic growth in the ASEAN region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has a dual objective: (i) to assess, using a neoclassical growth model proposed by the IMF, the economic and financial impact of COVID-19 in Haiti; and (ii) determine, using a threshold-effect regression model, such as Threshold Auto Regressive (TAR) inspired by the work of Hansen (1999), the optimal threshold of public expenditure, likely to generate sustainable economic growth in this area. country, and which at the same time makes it possible to mitigate the perverse effects of the economic. Also, in order to promote sustainable economic growth in this country and fight against the effects of COVID-19, The main purpose of this paper is twofold (i) to estimate by using a neoclassical model of growth proposed by IMF, the economic and financial impact of COVID-19 in Haiti; (ii) to analyze threshold effects of government size on economic growth in this country, by using Hansen's Threshold Auto Regressive (TAR), 1999. It uses the time series data over the period 1980-2019. In the first model, the paper finds that on account of the pandemic, the Haiti's GDP could be reduced of 14.1% in 2020. In the second model, our results provide strong evidence for the existence of a non-linear relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Based on these results, the paper finds that the optimal level of government expenditure that maximizes economic growth for Haiti is 14.1% of GDP against a staff level of 11.1%. They show that the state spends well below its potential growth. On the other hand, if this threshold is exceeded, the increase of the percentage ratio of state budget expenditure / GDP will have a negative impact on the speed of GDP growth. Thus, our recommendations are in favor of increasing government investment to education, health, infrastructure, environmental sectors… that are neglected up to this day in Haiti. However, these expenditures have to be limited to a level that no excess the optimal size environmental sectors. that are neglected up to this day in Haiti. However, these expenditures have to be limited to a level that no excess the optimal size environmental sectors. that are neglected up to this day in Haiti. However, these expenditures have to be limited to a level that no excess the optimal size [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary motive of each and every organization or company is to sustain, strengthen, upgrade, and improve its position and standard in the highly dynamic, constantly changeable, aggressive, and competitive environment. There is a very urgent requirement to develop a framework for green and sustainable vendor selection in the organizations. The main aim of this research is to explore, identify, examine, and evaluate the important, applicable, green, and sustainable vendor selection attributes and to analyze and determine their interactions or relationships in the area of green and sustainable vendor selection. A total of ten important attributes have been determined through review reports and by the assessments of the group of professionals belonging to various organizations. A questionnaire has been prepared for these ten attributes and feedback was maintained from the judgments of the group of professionals in dairy industries. In this paper, a multicriteria decision-making technique namely interpretive structural modeling is implemented to look over the interactions and connections among various attributes and to put forward a constructional representation or digraph. Matriced Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliqúe and Classment inspection is used to identify which attributes are autonomous, dependent, independent, influencing or not influencing, and importance of one criterion over another according to their driving and dependence powers. It is analyzed numerically from this model that the cost attribute is a very remarkable attribute as it exists in the bottom or sixth level and the attributes economic growth, financial capacity, and research ability are at first or topmost level of this model. The interpretive structural modeling hierarchy constructional representation and Matriced Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliqúe and Classment inspection will support the company's owner or decision maker for attaining a best decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments worldwide are increasingly focused on promoting innovation activity to generate much needed economic growth. Innovation precincts are seen as providing the strategic opportunity to leapfrog economies and deliver a future competitive advantage. However, there are limited insights into how innovation activity in precincts takes place. In particular, the factors that enable successful innovation precincts, how they are measured and how their locations influence improved economic outcomes. This paper presents an analysis of the important enablers of innovation precincts, with a focus on measuring the relative importance of these enablers and their contribution to innovation and economic outcomes. A novel mixed-methods approach involving the use of a 'double-blind doubledscoring' methodology and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) are applied to score and determine the relative importance of enablers of innovation precincts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an examination of interwar Latvia's national accounts, checking their usability for estimating interwar economic growth performance. According to the authoritative account of Roses and Wolf [(2010). Aggregate growth, 1913–1950. In S. Broadberry, & K. H. O'Rourke (Eds.), The Cambridge economic history of modern Europe, vol 2. 1870 to the present (pp. 183–207). Cambridge UP.], based on indirect estimation methods, Latvia's GDPpc growth rate from 1929 to 1938 was the highest in Europe. However, according to Aizsilnieks [(1968). Latvijas saimniecības vēsture, 1914–1945. Daugava.] interwar national income estimates show that the Latvian economy stagnated in the 1930s. This paper's main findings are that applying historical price indices to the existing interwar output estimates supports the stagnation thesis. However, the national income estimates lack validity and reliability due to unpersistent or unknown methodology. Hence, changes in real output cannot be established without new calculations according to the contemporary System of National Accounts (SNA 2008) framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this third paper in a series of four, the focus is to investigate the modern UK economy, considering a wider scope than economic growth and national performance. Since the beginnings of sustained economic growth, standard of living has increased dramatically in the UK and life expectancy and health outcomes have improved. Economic growth has proven itself throughout history, and globally, as a transformative force to lift people out of poverty and improve standard of living. However, significant inequalities, which are contributing to negative health, social and economic outcomes for groups of the population, persist. A growing nation has become a divided nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]