18 results
Search Results
2. Dominant Contribution of the Developing Countries to the Renewable Energy Sector.
- Author
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OEHLER-ŞINCAI, IULIA MONICA
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,SOLAR energy ,SUSTAINABLE development ,GREEN Revolution ,DEVELOPED countries ,HYDROELECTRIC power plants ,CLEAN energy industries ,TAX credits - Abstract
Several developing countries have become world leaders in the field of renewable energy, of which China, but also Brazil and India stand out. This research paper focuses on the positions they occupy in the world rankings of hydro, wind, solar and bio energy capacities, as compared to the developed countries. At the same time, the investigation points to specific catalysts or, on the contrary, deterrents of the "green revolution" in the developing world. Hydropower is the most important form of renewable energy in all the three countries included in this evaluation. It is underscored that China is the first one in each of the four world rankings, taking into account the total installed capacity of renewable energy: hydro, wind, solar and bio. It is also the largest investor in renewable energy capacity worldwide. Brazil ranks second as regards hydropower and bioenergy capacities, while India ranks fourth in wind and bioenergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
3. Sustainable upgrading for informal areas.
- Author
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Ahmed Saad, Ola, Anwar Fikry, Mohamed, and El-Sayed Hasan, Asmaa
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,SOCIAL sustainability ,CITY dwellers ,QUALITY of life ,CASE studies - Abstract
Abstract The problem of informal areas is the most significant urban challenge facing third world countries. Most of the urban population has become informal areas dwellers. These areas consume many resources and suffer from bad conditions. Therefore the need arose to transform them into sustainable societies in order to save resources and improve their quality of life. This paper discusses the sustainability as means of achieving quality, efficiency and improvements in informal areas using the three pillars of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. It also aims at carrying out a comparative analysis of case studies for sustainable upgrading of informal areas in Brazil and India to observe the impact on their dwellers' life after upgrading. Analysis is examined on three levels: economic, social and environmental. Moreover, the comparison and evaluation of results ends with suggestions to be applied on Egyptian informal areas in order to achieve more efficient and sustainable upgraded areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Empirical analysis of the relationship between total consumption-GDP ratio and per capita income for different metals: The cases of Brazil, China and India.
- Author
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Focacci, Antonio
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GROSS domestic product ,INCOME ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,DEVELOPING countries ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ECONOMIC trends ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
Purpose — The main purpose of the paper is to propose an empirical analysis of the relationship between total consumption of different key metals (aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin and zinc) and per capita income of some important developing countries (Brazil, China and India) today present in the international scenario with very different perspectives from in the past. Design/methodology/approach — The research is carried out investigating a double aim. Mainly, whether the environmental Kuznets' Curve (EKC) model related to material consumption (and hence ‘renamed’ as material Kuznets' Curve) could be used — in empirical terms — as a possible explanatory pattern of past and current trends for these three important countries. Second, whether the observable trends in industrialised countries is similar to those already implemented in the developing ones. After a brief, but ineluctable, premise considering the theoretical basic assumptions to define the issue and regarding general statements, the specific cases for Brazil, China and India are proposed. Findings — Results do not closely fit the theoretical expectations but, as has already been seen for industrialised countries in previous research work, there is a prevailing trend in the lowering of material intensities with rising per-capita income levels. Originality/value — Without pretending to be exhaustive, this paper can be useful in improving the understanding of such developing economies, considering features not yet included in the international literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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5. Core policies disparity response to COVID-19 among BRICS countries.
- Author
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Jiao, Jun, Shi, Leiyu, Zhang, Yuyao, Chen, Haiqian, Wang, Xiaohan, Yang, Manfei, Yang, Junyan, Liu, Meiheng, and Sun, Gang
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HEALTH policy ,COVID-19 ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEVELOPING countries ,HEALTH equity - Abstract
Objective: To provide experience for formulating prevention and control policies, this study analyzed the effectiveness of the Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) prevention and control policies, and evaluated health equity and epidemic cooperation among BRICS countries. Methods: This study summarized the pandemic prevention and control policies in BRICS countries and evaluated the effectiveness of those policies by extracting COVID-19 related data from official websites. Result: As of May 4, 2021, responding to COVID-19. China adopted containment strategies. China's total confirmed cases (102,560) were stable, without a second pandemic peak, and the total deaths per million (3.37) were much lower than others. India and South Africa who adopted intermediate strategies have similar pandemic curves, total confirmed cases in India (20,664,979) surpassed South Africa (1,586,148) as the highest in five countries, but total deaths per million (163.90) lower than South Africa (919.11). Brazil and Russia adopted mitigation strategies. Total confirmed cases in Brazil (14,856,888) and Russia (4,784,497) continued to increase, and Brazil's total deaths per million (1,936.34) is higher than Russia (751.50) and other countries. Conclusion: This study shows BRICS countries implemented different epidemic interventions. Containment strategy is more effective than intermediate strategy and mitigation strategy in limiting the spread of COVID-19. Especially when a strict containment strategy is implemented in an early stage, but premature relaxation of restrictions may lead to rebounding. It is a good choice to combat COVID-19 by improving the inclusiveness of intervention policies, deepening BRICS epidemic cooperation, and increasing health equities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Current status of CCS initiatives in the major emerging economies.
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Condor, Jose, Unatrakarna, Datchawan, Asghari, Koorosh, and Wilson, Malcolm
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CARBON sequestration ,NATURAL resources ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the current status of the main CCS initiatives in the major emerging economies: China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. This study first covers all six countries as a group and describes their natural resources. The second part of this study embraces each country individually and includes current initiatives and current legal and technological status of CCS. At the end, this study summarizes the main findings in the emerging economies and the potential of including CCS as part of the CDM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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7. The impacts of global warming on farmers in Brazil and India.
- Author
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Sanghi, Apurva and Mendelsohn, Robert
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GLOBAL warming ,FARMERS ,CLIMATE change ,AGRICULTURE ,FARM income ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Abstract: How big a threat is global warming to climate-sensitive and economically important sectors such as agriculture in developing countries? How well will farmers be able to adapt to the threats of global warming? This paper attempts to shed light on these two important questions. A cross-sectional analysis is employed to estimate the climate sensitivity of agriculture in Brazil and India. Using panel data from both countries, the study measures how net farm income or property values vary with climate, and consequently, how farmers in India and Brazil react and adapt to climate. The estimated relationships are then used to predict the consequence of alternative climate scenarios. Global warming by the end of the next century could cause annual damages in Brazil between 1% and 39% and between 4% and 26% in India, although some of this effect may be potentially offset by carbon fertilization. These estimates do not factor into account climate-induced extreme weather events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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8. Health Effects of Household Solid Fuel Use: Findings from 11 Countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study.
- Author
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Hystad, Perry, Duong, MyLinh, Brauer, Michael, Larkin, Andrew, Arku, Raphael, Kurmi, Om P., Wen Qi Fan, Avezum, Alvaro, Azam, Igbal, Chifamba, Jephat, Dans, Antonio, du Plessis, Johan L., Gupta, Rajeev, Kumar, Rajesh, Lanas, Fernando, Zhiguang Liu, Yin Lu, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Mony, Prem, and Mohan, Viswanathan
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RESPIRATORY disease risk factors ,MORTALITY risk factors ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COOKING ,CAUSES of death ,DEVELOPING countries ,ELECTRICITY ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,FOSSIL fuels ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEART failure ,INDOOR air pollution ,INTERVIEWING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases ,LUNG tumors ,METROPOLITAN areas ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,PNEUMONIA ,POWER resources ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,RURAL conditions ,STROKE ,TUBERCULOSIS ,WORLD health ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,DATA analysis software ,STATISTICAL models ,INHALATION injuries ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use for cooking affects 2.5 billion individuals globally and may contribute substantially to disease burden. However, few prospective studies have assessed the impact of HAP on mortality and cardiorespiratory disease. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to evaluate associations between HAP and mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and respiratory disease in the prospective urban and rural epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We studied 91,350 adults 35-70 y of age from 467 urban and rural communities in 11 countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe). After a median follow-up period of 9.1 y, we recorded 6,595 deaths, 5,472 incident cases of CVD (CVD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure), and 2,436 incident cases of respiratory disease (respiratory death or nonfatal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, or lung cancer). We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual, household, and community-level characteristics to compare events for individuals living in households that used solid fuels for cooking to those using electricity or gas. RESULTS: We found that 41.8% of participants lived in households using solid fuels as their primary cooking fuel. Compared with electricity or gas, solid fuel use was associated with fully adjusted hazard ratios of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.21) for all-cause mortality, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.17) for fatal or nonfatal CVD, 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.30) for fatal or nonfatal respiratory disease, and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.19) for mortality from any cause or the first incidence of a nonfatal cardiorespiratory outcome. Associations persisted in extensive sensitivity analyses, but small differences were observed across study regions and across individual and household characteristics. DISCUSSION: Use of solid fuels for cooking is a risk factor for mortality and cardiorespiratory disease. Continued efforts to replace solid fuels with cleaner alternatives are needed to reduce premature mortality and morbidity in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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9. Southern comfort, eastern promise.
- Subjects
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BIOTECHNOLOGY , *HIGH technology , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *CREATIVE ability in technology , *INVENTIONS , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *GENERIC drugs , *GENERIC products , *COMMERCIAL products , *BUSINESS names ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article discusses how countries such as India and China have shown they can move beyond western imitation to homegrown innovation in certain fields, such as telecommunications and information technology. The same is increasingly true of biotechnology, argues a report just published in Nature Biotechnology by a group at the University of Toronto. The study looks at the state of medical biotechnology in six developing countries--Brazil, China, Cuba, Egypt, India and South Africa--and one recently industrialised one, South Korea, to understand what it takes to build a healthy biotech sector. Many of the countries studied, which began investing in biotech in the 1980s, are starting to see the fruits of their labour. The number of scientific papers on health biotechnology published by researchers in Brazil and Cuba, for example, more than tripled between 1991 and 2002. Much of the biotech industry in the developing world is based on copying western innovation. But such generic manufacturing can be a springboard to more innovative activities. India's pharmaceutical firms are playing an important role in the global fight against AIDS by selling generic versions of anti-retroviral drugs at a fraction of the price charged by their western inventors in the rich world. There are plenty of other hurdles that the countries studied in the report need to tackle before their biotech blossoms fully. Brazil needs better links between academia and industry. Egypt's budding biotechnologists are short of cash from both government and private sources. India's regulatory system is slowing down product development. South Africa needs to do more to reverse its brain drain, and train more researchers to boost their ranks.
- Published
- 2004
10. Factors Promoting Sustainability of Education Innovations: A Comparison of Faculty Perceptions and Existing Frameworks.
- Author
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Loh, Lawrence C., Friedman, Stacey R., and Burdick, William P.
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EVALUATION of medical education ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,QUALITATIVE research ,JUDGMENT sampling ,TEACHER development ,MEDICAL school faculty ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY - Published
- 2013
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11. Human capital development: comparative analysis of BRICs.
- Author
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Ardichvili, Alexandre, Zavyalova, Elena, and Minina, Vera
- Subjects
PERSONNEL management ,HUMAN capital ,PUBLIC investments ,EDUCATION policy - Abstract
Purpose – The goal of this article is to conduct macro-level analysis of human capital (HC) development strategies, pursued by four countries commonly referred to as BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Design/methodology/approach – This analysis is based on comparisons of macro indices of human capital and innovativeness of the economy and a review of related academic literature and government publications. Findings – The study results suggest that in terms of present human capital capacity Russia and Brazil are ahead of China and India. However, during the last decade the governments of the latter two countries have initiated impressive national programs of HC development, which include significant investment and targeted government regulation in such areas as primary and secondary education, vocational education and training, and higher education, especially in science and technology fields. Russia and Brazil have targeted programs in some of the above areas, but lack comprehensive long-term strategies, covering all the above areas and coordinating effort of various agencies and constituencies. Research limitations/implications – It is recommended to expand the scope of analysis to include other fast growing developing economies (e.g. Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey). Originality/value – The article provides, for the first time, a comparison of human capital development indices and strategies of the four largest developing economies. The original feature of the article is a combination of the analysis of macro-level indices with an in-depth analysis of policy documents and academic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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12. Flying Towards the Successful Skies: The Emerging Region Multinationals.
- Author
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Nigam, Roli and Su, Zhan
- Subjects
EMERGING markets ,ECONOMIC development ,GLOBALIZATION ,LITERATURE ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article reports on the development of multinationals in the emerging markets of China, India, Brazil and other countries. It highlights the role of globalization on the growth and development of multinationals in the emerging economy. It also examines the literature of emerging country multinationals which could help understand and manage complexities in the future.
- Published
- 2010
13. South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech.
- Author
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Thorsteinsdóttir, Halla, Melon, Christina C., Ray, Monali, Chakkalackal, Sharon, Li, Michelle, Cooper, Jan E., Chadder, Jennifer, Saenz, Tirso W., De Souza Paula, Maria Carlota, Wen Ke, Lexuan Li, Madkour, Magdy A., Aly, Sahar, El-Nikhely, Nefertiti, Chaturvedi, Sachin, Konde, Victor, Daar, Abdallah S., and Singer, Peter A.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL surveys ,BIOTECHNOLOGY ,DEVELOPING countries ,HEALTH - Abstract
The article offers information on a survey of entrepreneurial collaborations among health biotechnology firms in developing countries. According to the survey, though there is a high level of collaboration, there is also a lack of emphasis on new or improved health biotechnology products and processes. Countries included in the survey are Brazil, China, Cuba, Egypt, India, and South Africa and the number of firms surveyed is 467 wherein a total of 288 firms completed the survey. Survey authors recommend the integration of more South-South collaboration in their innovation policies and provide support for firms that want to promote innovation in health biotechnology.
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- 2010
- Full Text
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14. The new diplomacy of the South: South Africa, Brazil, India and trilateralism.
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Alden, Chris and Vieira, MarcoAntonio
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DIPLOMACY ,DEVELOPING countries ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
In the aftermath of 9/11 surely of great significance is the reassertion of the South – North divide as a defining axis of the international system. In this context the emergence of a coterie of Southern countries actively challenging the position and assumptions of the leading states of the North is an especially significant event. The activism on the part of three middle-income developing countries in particular—South Africa, Brazil and India—has resulted in the creation of a ‘trilateralist’ diplomatic partnership, itself a reflection of broader transformations across the developing world in the wake of globalisation. This article will examine the rise of the co-operative strategy known as ‘trilateralism’ by regional leaders within the South. Specifically it will look at the relationship between emerging regional powers in the context of multilateralism, as well as at the formulation and implementation of trilateralism. As with previous co-operative efforts in the developing world, the prospects of success are rooted in overlapping domestic, regional and international influences on South African, Brazilian and Indian foreign policies. The article will conclude with an assessment of these influences over the trilateral agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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15. Conclusions: promoting biotechnology innovation in developing countries.
- Author
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Thorsteinsdóttir, Halla, Quach, Uyen, Daar, Abdallah S, and Singer, Peter A
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PHARMACEUTICAL biotechnology ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The article presents seven case studies of successful health biotechnology innovation in developing countries. These seven countries are Brazil, India, China, Egypt, South Africa, Cuba and South Korea. Though each of these countries were at different stage of economic development, when compared with advanced nations, several factors emerged from the analysis that appear key to the establishment of a successful health biotechnology sector. Recombinant insulin development in Egypt and meningitis B vaccine in Cuba on one hand and more number of health biotechnology publications by China and South Korea on the other are some of the success stories of the developing nations.
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- 2004
- Full Text
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16. Crumbs from the BRICs-man's table.
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FINANCIAL crises , *RECESSIONS ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article discusses how the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICS) have helped poorer nations emerge from the global recession. According to the article, the study "Global Financial Crisis Discussion Paper Synthesis (phase 2)" by Dirk Willem te Velde from the Overseas Development Institute found that emerging powers affect the growth prospects of poorer ones. How the BRICS' deals have affected trade and foreign direct investment from the West to Africa are discussed.
- Published
- 2010
17. A WELFARE ECONOMIC APPROACH TO GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE DUAL ECONOMY.
- Author
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Fields, Gary S.
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DUAL economy ,DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) ,ECONOMIC development ,EQUALITY & economics ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This article presents a welfare economic analysis of the distributional consequences of growth. This study shall explore the similarities and differences between the absolute income and poverty and relative inequality approaches for a general dualistic development model and for three stylized special cases. Recent controversies over who received the benefits of growth in two less developed countries Brazil and India are examined in these terms. The preceding analysis has shown that under certain circumstances the absolute poverty and relative inequality approaches may give very different results concerning the distributional effects of growth in the dual economy. In light of these differences, the choice between the two types of measures should be based on the type of welfare judgments we wish to make.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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18. Economic Evaluation of Population-Based BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Testing across Multiple Countries and Health Systems.
- Author
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Manchanda, Ranjit, Sun, Li, Patel, Shreeya, Evans, Olivia, Wilschut, Janneke, De Freitas Lopes, Ana Carolina, Gaba, Faiza, Brentnall, Adam, Duffy, Stephen, Cui, Bin, Coelho De Soarez, Patricia, Husain, Zakir, Hopper, John, Sadique, Zia, Mukhopadhyay, Asima, Yang, Li, Berkhof, Johannes, and Legood, Rosa
- Subjects
BREAST tumor prevention ,HEART disease related mortality ,CARRIER state (Communicable diseases) ,COST effectiveness ,DEVELOPING countries ,MATHEMATICAL models ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL care costs ,MEDICAL cooperation ,GENETIC mutation ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,OVARIAN tumors ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH ,WOMEN'S health ,GENETIC testing ,DEVELOPED countries ,THEORY ,BRCA genes ,QUALITY-adjusted life years ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries - Abstract
Clinical criteria/Family history-based BRCA testing misses a large proportion of BRCA carriers who can benefit from screening/prevention. We estimate the cost-effectiveness of population-based BRCA testing in general population women across different countries/health systems. A Markov model comparing the lifetime costs and effects of BRCA1/BRCA2 testing all general population women ≥30 years compared with clinical criteria/FH-based testing. Separate analyses are undertaken for the UK/USA/Netherlands (high-income countries/HIC), China/Brazil (upper–middle income countries/UMIC) and India (low–middle income countries/LMIC) using both health system/payer and societal perspectives. BRCA carriers undergo appropriate screening/prevention interventions to reduce breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Outcomes include OC, BC, and additional heart disease deaths and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Probabilistic/one-way sensitivity analyses evaluate model uncertainty. For the base case, from a societal perspective, we found that population-based BRCA testing is cost-saving in HIC (UK-ICER = $−5639/QALY; USA-ICER = $−4018/QALY; Netherlands-ICER = $−11,433/QALY), and it appears cost-effective in UMIC (China-ICER = $18,066/QALY; Brazil-ICER = $13,579/QALY), but it is not cost-effective in LMIC (India-ICER = $23,031/QALY). From a payer perspective, population-based BRCA testing is highly cost-effective in HIC (UK-ICER = $21,191/QALY, USA-ICER = $16,552/QALY, Netherlands-ICER = $25,215/QALY), and it is cost-effective in UMIC (China-ICER = $23,485/QALY, Brazil−ICER = $20,995/QALY), but it is not cost-effective in LMIC (India-ICER = $32,217/QALY). BRCA testing costs below $172/test (ICER = $19,685/QALY), which makes it cost-effective (from a societal perspective) for LMIC/India. Population-based BRCA testing can prevent an additional 2319 to 2666 BC and 327 to 449 OC cases per million women than the current clinical strategy. Findings suggest that population-based BRCA testing for countries evaluated is extremely cost-effective across HIC/UMIC health systems, is cost-saving for HIC health systems from a societal perspective, and can prevent tens of thousands more BC/OC cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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