18,901 results
Search Results
2. Diversity of current ultrasound practice within and outside radiology departments with a vision for 20 years into the future: a position paper of the ESR ultrasound subcommittee.
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Sidhu, Paul S., Ewertsen, Caroline, Piskunowicz, Maciej, Secil, Mustafa, Ricci, Paolo, Fischer, Thomas, Gaitini, Diana, Mitkov, Vladimir, Lim, Adrian K. P., Lu, Qiang, Chong, Wui K., and Clevert, Dirk Andre
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TELERADIOLOGY , *DIAGNOSTIC ultrasonic imaging personnel , *INTERVENTIONAL radiology , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *COMPUTED tomography , *RADIOLOGY , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *OPERATIVE ultrasonography - Abstract
Ultrasound practice is a longstanding tradition for radiology departments, being part of the family of imaging techniques. Ultrasound is widely practiced by non-radiologists but becoming less popular within radiology. The position of ultrasound in radiology is reviewed, and a possible long-term solution to manage radiologist expectations is proposed. An international group of experts in the practice of ultrasound was invited to describe the current organisation of ultrasound within the radiology departments in their own countries and comment on the interaction with non-radiologists and training arrangements. Issues related to regulation, non-medical practitioners, and training principles are detailed. A consensus view was sought from the experts regarding the position of ultrasound within radiology, with the vision of the best scenario for the continuing dominance of radiologists practising ultrasound. Comments were collated from nine different countries. Variable levels of training, practice, and interaction with non-radiologist were reported, with some countries relying on non-physician input to manage the service. All experts recognised there was a diminished desire to practice ultrasound by radiologists. Models varied from practising solely ultrasound and no other imaging techniques to radiology departments being central to the practice of ultrasound by radiologists and non-radiologist, housed within radiology. The consensus view was that the model favoured in select hospitals in Germany would be the most likely setup for ultrasound radiologist to develop and maintain practice. The vision for 20 years hence is for a central ultrasound section within radiology, headed by a trained expert radiologist, with non-radiologist using the facilities. Critical relevance statement The future of ultrasound within the radiology department should encompass all ultrasound users, with radiologists expert in ultrasound, managing the ultrasound section within the radiology department. The current radiology trainees must learn of the importance of ultrasound as a component of the 'holistic' imaging of the patient. Key points: 1. Ultrasound imaging within radiology departments precedes the introduction of CT and MR imaging and was first used over 50 years ago. 2. Non-radiology practitioners deploy ultrasound examinations to either 'problem solve' or perform a comprehensive ultrasound examination; radiologists provide comprehensive examinations or use ultrasound to direct interventional procedures. 3. Radiology does not 'own' ultrasound, but radiologists are best placed to offer a comprehensive patient-focused imaging assessment. 4. A vision of the future of ultrasound within the radiology department is encompassing all ultrasound users under radiologists who are experts in ultrasound, positioned within the radiology department. 5. The current radiology trainee must be aware of the importance of ultrasound as a component of the 'holistic' imaging of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Neuromorphological Atlas of Human Prenatal Brain Development: White Paper.
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Proshchina, Alexandra, Kharlamova, Anastasia, Krivova, Yuliya, Godovalova, Olga, Otlyga, Dmitriy, Gulimova, Victoria, Otlyga, Ekaterina, Junemann, Olga, Sonin, Gleb, and Saveliev, Sergey
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FETAL development , *DEVELOPMENTAL neurobiology , *FETAL brain , *NEURAL development , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *COMPUTED tomography , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging - Abstract
Recent morphological data on human brain development are quite fragmentary. However, they are highly requested for a number of medical practices, educational programs, and fundamental research in the fields of embryology, cytology and histology, neurology, physiology, path anatomy, neonatology, and others. This paper provides the initial information on the new online Human Prenatal Brain Development Atlas (HBDA). The Atlas will start with forebrain annotated hemisphere maps, based on human fetal brain serial sections at the different stages of prenatal ontogenesis. Spatiotemporal changes in the regional-specific immunophenotype profiles will also be demonstrated on virtual serial sections. The HBDA can serve as a reference database for the neurological research, which provides opportunity to compare the data obtained by noninvasive techniques, such as neurosonography, X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, 3D high-resolution phase-contrast computed tomography visualization techniques, as well as spatial transcriptomics data. It could also become a database for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual variability in the human brain. Systemized data on the mechanisms and pathways of prenatal human glio- and neurogenesis could also contribute to the search for new therapy methods for a large spectrum of neurological pathologies, including neurodegenerative and cancer diseases. The preliminary data are now accessible on the special HBDA website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Management of complicated diaphragmatic hernia in the acute setting: a WSES position paper.
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Giuffrida, Mario, Perrone, Gennaro, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Agnoletti, Vanni, Ansaloni, Luca, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Bendinelli, Cino, Biffl, Walter L., Bonavina, Luigi, Bravi, Francesca, Carcoforo, Paolo, Ceresoli, Marco, Chichom-Mefire, Alain, Coccolini, Federico, Coimbra, Raul, de'Angelis, Nicola, de Moya, Marc, De Simone, Belinda, Di Saverio, Salomone, and Fraga, Gustavo Pereira
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HERNIA surgery , *HERNIOGRAPHY , *DIAPHRAGM injuries , *GENETIC disorder diagnosis , *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery , *DIAPHRAGMATIC hernia , *GENETIC disorders , *MEDICAL protocols , *HERNIA , *CRITICAL care medicine , *EMERGENCY medical services , *ABDOMINAL surgery , *COMPUTED tomography , *ENDOSCOPIC gastrointestinal surgery , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: Diaphragmatic hernia (DH) presenting acutely can be a potentially life-threatening condition. Its management continues to be debatable. Methods: A bibliographic search using major databases was performed using the terms "emergency surgery" "diaphragmatic hernia," "traumatic diaphragmatic rupture" and "congenital diaphragmatic hernia." GRADE methodology was used to evaluate the evidence and give recommendations. Results: CT scan of the chest and abdomen is the diagnostic gold standard to evaluate complicated DH. Appropriate preoperative assessment and prompt surgical intervention are important for a clinical success. Complicated DH repair is best performed via the use of biological and bioabsorbable meshes which have proven to reduce recurrence. The laparoscopic approach is the preferred technique in hemodynamically stable patients without significant comorbidities because it facilitates early diagnosis of small diaphragmatic injuries from traumatic wounds in the thoraco-abdominal area and reduces postoperative complications. Open surgery should be reserved for situations when skills and equipment for laparoscopy are not available, where exploratory laparotomy is needed, or if the patient is hemodynamically unstable. Damage Control Surgery is an option in the management of critical and unstable patients. Conclusions: Complicated diaphragmatic hernia is a rare life-threatening condition. CT scan of the chest and abdomen is the gold standard for diagnosing the diaphragmatic hernia. Laparoscopic repair is the best treatment option for stable patients with complicated diaphragmatic hernias. Open repair is considered necessary in majority of unstable patients in whom Damage Control Surgery can be life-saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Unraveling the Mechanism of Cork Spot-like Physiological Disorders in 'Kurenainoyume' Apples Based on Occurrence Location.
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Imura, Eichi, Nakagomi, Mitsuho, Hayashida, Taishi, Fujita, Tomomichi, Sato, Saki, and Matsumoto, Kazuhiro
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CORK ,COMPUTED tomography ,APPLES ,FRUIT development ,PAPER bags ,CELL death - Abstract
Cork spot-like physiological disorder (CSPD) is a newly identified issue in 'Kurenainoyume' apples, yet its mechanism remains unclear. To investigate CSPD, we conducted morphological observations on 'Kurenainoyume' apples with and without pre-harvest fruit-bagging treatment using light-impermeable paper bags. Non-bagged fruit developed CSPD in mid-August, while no CSPD symptoms were observed in bagged fruit. The bagging treatment significantly reduced the proportion of opened lenticels, with only 17.9% in bagged fruit compared to 52.0% in non-bagged fruits. In non-bagged fruit, CSPD spots tended to increase from the lenticels, growing in size during fruit development. The cuticular thickness and cross-sectional area of fresh cells in CSPD spots were approximately 16 µm and 1600 µm², respectively. Healthy non-bagged fruit reached these values around 100 to 115 days after full bloom from mid- to late August. Microscopic and computerized tomography scanning observations revealed that many CSPD spots developed at the tips of vascular bundles. Therefore, CSPD initiation between opened lenticels and vascular bundle tips may be influenced by water stress, which is potentially caused by water loss, leading to cell death and the formation of CSPD spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Imaging the adult with simple shunt lesions: position paper from the EACVI and the ESC WG on ACHD. Endorsed by AEPC (Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology)
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Katarina Hanseus, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Luc Mertens, Victoria Parish, Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, Gilbert Habib, Thor Edvardsen, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Tarique Hussain, Annemien E. van den Bosch, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Tal Geva, Alessandra Frigiola, Wei Li, Owen Miller, Giovanni Di Salvo, Beatrice Bonello, Helmut Baumgartner, Laura Dos Subira, Werner Budts, Nankai University (NKU), Department of Interventional Cardiology [Rotterdam, The Netherlands] (Erasmus MC), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC)-Thorax Center [Rotterdam, The Netherlands], University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Royal Brompton Hospital, University of Zurich, Budts, Werner, and Cardiology
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Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ,shunt lesions ,Heart disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Multimodal Imaging ,Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ,Congenital ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,ACHD ,echocardiography ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Heart Defects ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Persistent arterial duct ,imaging ,General Medicine ,GUCH ,Shunt (medical) ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Radiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Heart Defects, Congenital ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiology ,610 Medicine & health ,cardiac magnetic resonance ,2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,adult congenital heart disease ,Medical imaging ,medicine ,Humans ,2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Modalities ,Modality (human–computer interaction) ,computed tomography ,simple ,Atrial ,business.industry ,Heart Septal Defects ,Ventricular ,medicine.disease ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,10036 Medical Clinic ,Position paper ,business - Abstract
In 2018, the position paper ‘Imaging the adult with congenital heart disease: a multimodality imaging approach’ was published. The paper highlights, in the first part, the different imaging modalities applied in adult congenital heart disease patients. In the second part, these modalities are discussed more detailed for moderate to complex anatomical defects. Because of the length of the paper, simple lesions were not touched on. However, imaging modalities to use for simple shunt lesions are still poorly known. One is looking for structured recommendations on which they can rely when dealing with an (undiscovered) shunt lesion. This information is lacking for the initial diagnostic process, during repair and at follow-up. Therefore, this paper will focus on atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and persistent arterial duct. Pre-, intra-, and post-procedural imaging techniques will be systematically discussed. This position paper will offer algorithms that might help at a glance. The document is prepared for general cardiologists, trainees, medical students, imagers/technicians to select the most appropriate imaging modality and to detect the requested information for each specific lesion. It might serve as reference to which researchers could refer when setting up a (imaging) study.
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- 2020
7. COVID-19 Detection on Chest X-ray and CT Scan: A Review of the Top-100 Most Cited Papers.
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Costa, Yandre M. G., Silva Jr., Sergio A., Teixeira, Lucas O., Pereira, Rodolfo M., Bertolini, Diego, Britto Jr., Alceu S., Oliveira, Luiz S., and Cavalcanti, George D. C.
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COMPUTED tomography , *X-rays , *X-ray detection , *COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine) , *COVID-19 , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many works have been published proposing solutions to the problems that arose in this scenario. In this vein, one of the topics that attracted the most attention is the development of computer-based strategies to detect COVID-19 from thoracic medical imaging, such as chest X-ray (CXR) and computerized tomography scan (CT scan). By searching for works already published on this theme, we can easily find thousands of them. This is partly explained by the fact that the most severe worldwide pandemic emerged amid the technological advances recently achieved, and also considering the technical facilities to deal with the large amount of data produced in this context. Even though several of these works describe important advances, we cannot overlook the fact that others only use well-known methods and techniques without a more relevant and critical contribution. Hence, differentiating the works with the most relevant contributions is not a trivial task. The number of citations obtained by a paper is probably the most straightforward and intuitive way to verify its impact on the research community. Aiming to help researchers in this scenario, we present a review of the top-100 most cited papers in this field of investigation according to the Google Scholar search engine. We evaluate the distribution of the top-100 papers taking into account some important aspects, such as the type of medical imaging explored, learning settings, segmentation strategy, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and finally, the dataset and code availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the Society for Pediatric Radiology Joint Position Paper on Noninvasive Imaging of Pediatric Pancreatitis: Literature Summary and Recommendations
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Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Judy H Squires, Sudha A. Anupindi, J Andres Martinez, Veronique D. Morinville, Jorge Alberto Macias-Flores, Sohail Z. Husain, A. Jay Freeman, Andrew T. Trout, Uzma Shah, and Kalyan R Parashette
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Noninvasive imaging ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Computed tomography ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Hepatology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pediatric Radiology ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Position paper ,Pancreatitis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Pediatric gastroenterology - Abstract
The reported incidence of pediatric pancreatitis is increasing. Noninvasive imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play important roles in the diagnosis, staging, follow-up, and management of pancreatitis in children. In this position paper, generated by members of the Pancreas Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the Abdominal Imaging Committee of The Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR), we review the roles of noninvasive imaging in pediatric acute, acute recurrent, and chronic pancreatitis. We discuss available evidence related to noninvasive imaging, highlighting evidence specific to pediatric populations, and we make joint recommendations for use of noninvasive imaging. Further, we highlight the need for research to define the performance and role of noninvasive imaging in pediatric pancreatitis.
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- 2020
9. Thermal fiber orientation tensors for digital paper physics.
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Schneider, Matti, Kabel, Matthias, Andrä, Heiko, Lenske, Alexander, Hauptmann, Marek, Majschak, Jens-Peter, Penter, Lars, Hardtmann, André, Ihlenfeldt, Steffen, Westerteiger, Rolf, Glatt, Erik, and Wiegmann, Andreas
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FIBER orientation , *ELECTRONIC paper , *THERMAL conductivity , *COMPUTED tomography , *WOOD products , *DIGITAL image processing - Abstract
We estimate the orientation of wood fibers in porous networks like paper, paperboard or fiberboard by computing digital thermal conductivity experiments on micro-computed tomography ( μ CT) images with artificial isotropic thermal conductivity parameters. The accuracy of mechanical and thermal constitutive models for porous wood fiber based materials crucially depends on knowing the wood fiber orientation. Unfortunately, due to the high porosity, the micro-heterogeneity of wood fibers, the high carbon content of organic materials and the unknown additives present in industrial paper, μ CT-scans often exhibit low contrast and strong artifacts. Conventional image processing approaches encounter difficulties, as they rely upon convex fiber cross sections. We propose a solution by circumventing the segmentation of single wood fibers in μ CT images, by performing thermal conductivity simulations on binarized wood fiber structures, where an artificial isotropic thermal conductivity is associated to the fibers and the pore space is considered as isolating. The local and global temperature fluxes are assembled into a fiber orientation tensor. This method overcomes the limitations of the mentioned local image processing approaches, as individual fibers need not be resolved and convergence for increasing resolution is a consequence of abstract mathematical theory. We use our novel method to analyze large three-dimensional μ CT-scans and a synchrotron scan of a paperboard sample, serving as the starting point of an accurate micromechanical modeling of the effective anisotropic mechanical behavior of paper and paperboard. These results are crucial for calculating the mechanical strength of deep-drawn paperboard, which will be accomplished in a subsequent article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. Paper-like bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle atrophy may suggest the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia
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Keiji Matsunaga, MD, Yuichi Miyake, MD, PhD, Takahisa Noma, MD, PhD, and Tetsuo Minamino, MD, PhD
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Sternocleidomastoid muscle atrophy ,Sustained ventricular tachycardia ,Myotonic dystrophy ,Computed tomography ,Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2020
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11. Recommendations in pre-procedural imaging assessment for TAVI intervention: SIC-SIRM position paper part 2 (CT and MR angiography, standard medical reporting, future perspectives)
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Riccardo Marano, Gianluca Pontone, Eustachio Agricola, Brunilda Alushi, Antonio Bartorelli, Matteo Cameli, Nazario Carrabba, Antonio Esposito, Riccardo Faletti, Marco Francone, Nicola Galea, Paolo Golino, Marco Guglielmo, Anna Palmisano, Sonia Petronio, Maria Petullà, Silvia Pradella, Flavio Ribichini, Francesco Romeo, Vincenzo Russo, Salvatore Scandura, Nicolò Schicchi, Carmen Spaccarotella, Fabrizio Tomai, Ciro Indolfi, Maurizio Centonze, Marano, R., Pontone, G., Agricola, E., Alushi, B., Bartorelli, A., Cameli, M., Carrabba, N., Esposito, A., Faletti, R., Francone, M., Galea, N., Golino, P., Guglielmo, M., Palmisano, A., Petronio, S., Petulla, M., Pradella, S., Ribichini, F., Romeo, F., Russo, V., Scandura, S., Schicchi, N., Spaccarotella, C., Tomai, F., Indolfi, C., and Centonze, M.
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Aortic valve stenosi ,Angiography ,Cardiology ,General Medicine ,Aortic valve stenosis ,Computed tomography ,Echocardiography ,Imaging ,Magnetic resonance ,TAVI ,Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ,Aortic Valve ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging owns a pivotal role in the preoperative assessment of patient candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), providing a wide range of crucial information to select the patients who will benefit the most and have the procedure done safely. This document has been developed by a joined group of experts of the Italian Society of Cardiology and the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology and aims to produce an updated consensus statement about the pre-procedural imaging assessment in candidate patients for TAVI intervention. The writing committee consisted of members and experts of both societies who worked jointly to develop a more integrated approach in the field of cardiac and vascular radiology. Part 2 of the document will cover CT and MR angiography, standard medical reporting, and future perspectives.
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- 2022
12. Recommendations in pre-procedural imaging assessment for transcatheter aortic valve implantation intervention: Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC)–Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) position paper part 1 (Clinical Indication and Basic Technical Aspects, Heart Team, Role of Echocardiography)
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Gianluca Pontone, Riccardo Marano, Eustachio Agricola, Brunilda Alushi, Antonio Bartorelli, Matteo Cameli, Nazario Carrabba, Antonio Esposito, Riccardo Faletti, Marco Francone, Nicola Galea, Paolo Golino, Marco Guglielmo, Anna Palmisano, Sonia Petronio, Maria Petullà, Silvia Pradella, Flavio Ribichini, Francesco Romeo, Vincenzo Russo, Salvatore Scandura, Nicolò Schicchi, Carmen Spaccarotella, Fabrizio Tomai, Maurizio Centonze, Ciro indolfi, Pontone, Gianluca, Marano, Riccardo, Agricola, Eustachio, Alushi, Brunilda, Bartorelli, Antonio, Cameli, Matteo, Carrabba, Nazario, Esposito, Antonio, Faletti, Riccardo, Francone, Marco, Galea, Nicola, Golino, Paolo, Guglielmo, Marco, Palmisano, Anna, Petronio, Sonia, Petullà, Maria, Pradella, Silvia, Ribichini, Flavio, Romeo, Francesco, Russo, Vincenzo, Scandura, Salvatore, Schicchi, Nicolò, Spaccarotella, Carmen, Tomai, Fabrizio, Centonze, Maurizio, and Indolfi, Ciro
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Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ,aortic valve stenosis ,computed tomography ,echocardiography ,imaging ,magnetic resonance ,transcatheter aortic valve implantation ,Cardiology ,Settore MED/11 - Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare ,General Medicine ,Radiology, Interventional ,Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ,Aortic Valve ,Humans ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging owns a pivotal role in the preoperative assessment of patients for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), providing a wide range of crucial information to select the patients who will benefit the most and have the procedure done safely. Although advanced cardiac imaging with cardiac computed tomography is routinely used for a detailed anatomic assessment before TAVI, echocardiography remains the first imaging modality to assess aortic stenosis severity and to provide essential functional information. This document results from the collaboration between the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), aiming to produce an updated consensus statement about the pre-procedural imaging assessment in patient for TAVI. The writing committee is composed of radiologists and cardiologists, experts in the field of cardiac imaging and structural heart diseases. Part 1 of the document, after a brief overview of the clinical indication and basic technical aspects of TAVI, will focus on the role of echocardiography in TAVI pre-procedural planning.
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- 2022
13. Contemporary rationale for non-invasive imaging of adverse coronary plaque features to identify the vulnerable patient: a Position Paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
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Evelyn Regar, Patrick W. Serruys, Johannes Waltenberger, Akiko Maehara, Antonius F.W. van der Steen, Marc R. Dweck, Zahi A. Fayad, David E. Newby, Jagat Narula, James E. Muller, M. Eline Kooi, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Chun Yuan, Gianluca Pontone, Peter Stone, Magnus Bäck, Frank J. H. Gijsen, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Bernard Cosyns, Tim Leiner, Esther Lutgens, Kim Van der Heiden, Paul C. Evans, RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Klinisch Fysicus (9), Medical Biochemistry, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Cardiology, Clinical sciences, and Cardio-vascular diseases
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiology ,Coronary Artery Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,FLUORIDE UPTAKE ,THERAPY ,HIGH-INTENSITY SIGNALS ,MECHANISMS ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Medical imaging ,Humans ,magnetic resonance imaging ,ARTERY-DISEASE ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Biology ,Coronary atherosclerosis ,OUTCOMES ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,SHEAR-STRESS ,business.industry ,Fibrous cap ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,computed tomography ,General Medicine ,NATURAL-HISTORY ,medicine.disease ,CT ANGIOGRAPHY ,Vulnerable plaque ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Stenosis ,HIGH-RISK ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,inflammation ,Position paper ,vulnerable plaque ,atherosclerosis ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques prone to rupture may cause acute myocardial infarction (MI) but can also heal without causing an event. Certain common histopathological features, including inflammation, a thin fibrous cap, positive remodelling, a large necrotic core, microcalcification, and plaque haemorrhage are commonly found in plaques causing an acute event. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to detect not only luminal stenosis and overall coronary atherosclerosis burden but also to identify such adverse plaque characteristics. However, the predictive value of identifying individual adverse atherosclerotic plaques for future events has remained poor. In this Position Paper, the relationship between vulnerable plaque imaging and MI is addressed, mainly for non-invasive assessments but also for invasive imaging of adverse plaques in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography. Dynamic changes in atherosclerotic plaque development and composition may indicate that an adverse plaque phenotype should be considered at the patient level rather than for individual plaques. Imaging of adverse plaque burden throughout the coronary vascular tree, in combination with biomarkers and biomechanical parameters, therefore holds promise for identifying subjects at increased risk of MI and for guiding medical and invasive treatment.
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- 2020
14. The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 or European Position Paper: Which Is More Indicative of Imaging Results?
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Jennifer J. Shin, C. Eduardo Corrales, Anthony A. Prince, Allen S. Zhou, and Alice Z. Maxfield
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Chronic rhinosinusitis ,Computed tomography ,Comorbidity ,Outcome (game theory) ,Young Adult ,Paranasal Sinuses ,medicine ,Humans ,Sinusitis ,diagnostic assessment ,rhinosinusitis ,Aged ,Rhinitis ,Original Research ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,predictive value ,business.industry ,Symptom severity ,COVID-19 ,position statement ,computed tomography ,Middle Aged ,Predictive value ,Telemedicine ,Test (assessment) ,Otorhinolaryngology ,ROC Curve ,patient-reported outcome measure ,Chronic Disease ,Diagnostic assessment ,Position paper ,Surgery ,Female ,Sino-Nasal Outcome Test ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Objective The 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) is a trusted measure of symptom severity in chronic rhinosinusitis. The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) provides widely accepted diagnostic criteria, which include sinonasal symptoms, their duration, and imaging results. Our objective was to compare these approaches to assessing symptoms to determine if either was more indicative of radiologic findings, to support decisions in telehealth. Study Design Observational outcomes study. Setting Tertiary care center. Methods In total, 162 consecutive patients provided a structured sinonasal history, completed the SNOT-22, and underwent sinus computed tomography (CT) within 1 month. SNOT-22 scores, EPOS-defined symptom sets, and Lund-Mackay results were assessed. To facilitate direct comparisons, we performed stepwise evaluations of sinonasal symptoms alone and combined with duration. The discriminatory capacity for imaging results was determined through areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUC) for dichotomous outcomes and ordinal regression for multilevel outcomes. Results In ROC-AUC analyses, SNOT-22 and EPOS-defined symptoms had similar discriminatory capacity for Lund-Mackay scores, regardless of duration. Within ordinal regression analyses, SNOT-22 nasal scores were significantly associated with Lund-Mackay scores, while EPOS-defined nasal symptoms were not statistically significantly related. Conclusions SNOT-22 nasal scores and EPOS-defined nasal symptoms may have similar associations with imaging results when assessed via ROC-AUC, while SNOT-22 may have more association within ordinal data. Understanding the implications of discrete patterns of symptoms may confer benefit, particularly when in-person and fiberoptic exams are limited.
- Published
- 2020
15. Terahertz Nondestructive Testing Method of Oil-paper Insulation Debonding and Foreign Matter Defects.
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Li, Jiajun, Yang, Lijun, He, Yuxin, Li, Wei, and Wu, Chao
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NONDESTRUCTIVE testing , *TERAHERTZ technology , *COMPUTED tomography , *DEBONDING , *TEST methods , *TRANSFORMER insulation - Abstract
Defects, such as debonding and foreign matters in transformer insulation paperboard, lead to local field strength concentration, thereby seriously affecting the safe operation of equipment. At present, industrial X-ray computed tomography scanning technology is mostly used to detect such defects. However, the equipment is expensive, the operation is complicated, and radiation hazard exists. In this study, terahertz time domain spectroscopy is introduced to explore the nondestructive testing method of oil-paper insulation defects. Three typical insulation paperboard defects of interface debonding, metal foreign matter mixing, and local carbonization traces were taken as the research objects. An artificial defect model is prepared. The time and frequency domain waveform characteristics of terahertz pulse wave propagating in the defect model are tested and analyzed. The results show that when the thickness of insulation paperboard covering is less than 5 mm, based on the amplitude and delay characteristics of terahertz time-domain signal, the location and size of typical internal defects can be accurately obtained, and time spectrum imaging can be realized. This study proves theoretically and experimentally the feasibility of noncontact and nondestructive testing for the internal defects of insulation paperboard by using terahertz technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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16. The Effect of Fiber Orientation on Stochastic Reconstruction and Permeability of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer
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Tong Zhang, Teng Jin, Yuan Gao, and Xiaoyan Wu
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Control and Optimization ,Materials science ,business.product_category ,Fiber orientation ,Physics::Optics ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Computed tomography ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,stochastic reconstruction ,carbon paper gas diffusion layer ,Lattice (order) ,Fluid dynamics ,medicine ,fiber pitch ,Carbon paper ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,X-ray CT ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:T ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pitch range ,0104 chemical sciences ,Gas diffusion layer ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,permeability ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
By analyzing the three-dimensional digital model of a real carbon paper gas diffusion layer (GDL) reconstructed by X-ray computed tomography (CT), it was found that fibers are not distributed at any angle but within a certain range. The fiber orientation can be represented by fiber pitch (i.e., the angle between a single fiber and the in-plane direction). The effect of fiber orientation on stochastic reconstruction and transport properties (permeability) was investigated in this paper to find which fiber pitch range can achieve a better GDL on fluid flow. First, the actual fiber pitch was measured by analyzing SGL-24BA images obtained by X-ray CT. Also, seven different ranges of fiber pitch were randomly chosen to reconstruct GDL. Then, the permeability of these digital models was calculated using the Lattice Bolzmann Method (LBM) and discussed to obtain the fiber pitch range of the optimal permeability. The results show that the mean fiber pitch of SGL-24BA is 2.40°, and the individual values are all less than 6°, also, the permeability of the through-plane direction increases gradually as the range of fiber pitch increases, which can be used for the structural design of carbon paper GDL.
- Published
- 2019
17. Recommendations for the Management of Incidental Hepatobiliary Findings in Adults: Endorsement and Adaptation of the 2017 and 2013 ACR Incidental Findings Committee White Papers by the Canadian Association of Radiologists Incidental Findings Working Group
- Author
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Iain D.C. Kirkpatrick, Sunit Sebastian, Jeffery R Bird, Gary Brahm, and Christopher Fung
- Subjects
Adult ,Diagnostic Imaging ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biliary Tract Diseases ,Computed tomography ,Subspecialty ,Patient care ,Liver mass ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Association (psychology) ,Biliary dilatation ,Societies, Medical ,Incidental Findings ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,General surgery ,General Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Thickening ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
The Canadian Association of Radiologists Incidental Findings Working Group consists of both academic subspecialty and general radiologists and is tasked with adapting and expanding upon the American College of Radiology incidental findings white papers to more closely apply to Canadian practice patterns, particularly more comprehensively dealing with the role of ultrasound and pursuing more cost-effective approaches to the workup of incidental findings without compromising patient care. Presented here are the 2020 Canadian guidelines for the management of hepatobiliary incidental findings. Topics covered include initial assessment of hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis, the workup of incidental liver masses identified on ultrasound and computed tomography (with algorithms presented), incidental gallbladder findings (wall thickening, calcification, and polyps), and management of incidental biliary dilatation.
- Published
- 2020
18. Research in cardiac radiology: a European Society of Radiology white paper
- Author
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ESR Executive Council 2009 and ESR Working Group on Cardiac Imaging Research of the European Society of Cardiac Radiology
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper
- Author
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Lancellotti, P., Pibarot, P., Chambers, J., Canna, G. la, Pepi, M., Dulgheru, R., Dweck, M., Delgado, V., Garbi, M., Vannan, M.A., Montaigne, D., Badano, L., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Pontone, G., Vahanian, A., Donal, E., Cosyns, B., European Assoc Cardiovasc Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Maria Cecilia Hospital [Cotignola], Anthea Hospital [Bari, Italy], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Edinburgh, Universiteit Leiden, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - U1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Semmelweis University of Medicine [Budapest], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel = University Hospital of Brussels (UZ Brussel), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (RNMCD - U1011), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitair Ziekenhus Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical sciences, Cardio-vascular diseases, Cardiology, Lancellotti, P, Pibarot, P, Chambers, J, La Canna, G, Pepi, M, Dulgheru, R, Dweck, M, Delgado, V, Garbi, M, Vannan, M, Montaigne, D, Badano, L, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Pontone, G, Vahanian, A, Donal, E, and Cosyns, B
- Subjects
mitral valve ,cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Mitral Valve Insufficiency ,computed tomography ,General Medicine ,MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE ,tricuspid valve ,aortic valve ,Multimodal Imaging ,Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ,valvular regurgitation ,pulmonary valve ,expert's consensu ,Echocardiography ,cardiovascular system ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,expert's consensus ,cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Valvular regurgitation represents an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of native valve regurgitation and echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for this purpose. The imaging assessment of valvular regurgitation should integrate quantification of the regurgitation, assessment of the valve anatomy and function, and the consequences of valvular disease on cardiac chambers. In clinical practice, the management of patients with valvular regurgitation largely relies on the results of imaging. It is crucial to provide standards that aim at establishing a baseline list of measurements to be performed when assessing native valve regurgitation. The present document aims to present clinical guidance for the multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation.
- Published
- 2021
20. Consensus document on chronic coronary syndrome assessment and risk stratification in Portugal: A position paper statement from the [Portuguese Society of Cardiology’s] Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology, Magnetic Resonance and Cardiac Computed Tomography, Echocardiography, and Exercise Physiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation
- Author
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Bettencourt, Nuno, Mendes, Lígia, Fontes, José Paulo, Matos, Pedro, Ferreira, Catarina, Botelho, Ana, Carvalho, Sofia, Durazzo, Anaí, Faustino, Ana, Lopes, Ricardo Ladeiras, Vasconcelos, Mariana, Vieira, Catarina, Correia, Miguel, Ferreira, António M, Ferreira, Nuno, Pires-Morais, Gustavo, Almeida, Ana G, Ferreira, Maria João Vidigal, and Teixeira, Madalena
- Subjects
Myocardial scintigraphy ,Cuidados de saúde primários ,Recomendações ,Prova de esforço ,Guidelines ,Computed Tomography ,Coronary Heart Disease ,Magnetic Resonance ,Técnicas de imagiologia cardíaca ,Cardiovascular diagnostic techniques ,Técnicas de diagnóstico cardiovascular ,Risk assessment ,General Environmental Science ,Cintigrafia de perfusão miocárdica ,Treadmill Test ,Doença coronária ,Primary Health Care ,Tomografia de emissão de positrões ,Tomografia computorizada ,Ressonância magnética ,Cardiac Imaging Techniques ,Echocardiography ,Estratificação de risco ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Positron Emission Tomography ,Ecocardiografia - Abstract
Despite constant medical evolution, the reimbursement policy of Portuguese National Health Service (NHS) for the study and risk stratification of coronary heart disease has remained unchanged for several decades. Lack of adjustment to contemporary clinical practice has long been evident. However, the recent publication of the European Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic coronary syndromes further highlighted this gap and the urgent need for a change. Prompted by these Guidelines, the Working Group on Nuclear Cardiology, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Cardiac CT, the Working Group on Echocardiography and the Working Group on Stress Pathophysiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, began a process of joint reflection on the current limitations and how these recommendations could be applied in Portugal. To this end, the authors suggest that the new imaging methods (stress echocardiogram, cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance), should be added to exercise treadmill stress test and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the available exam portfolio within the Portuguese NHS. This change would allow full adoption of European guidelines and a better use of tests, according to clinical context, availability and local specificities. The adoption of clinical guidance standards, based on these assumptions, would translate into a qualitative improvement in the management of these patients and would promote an effective use of the available resources, with potential health and financial gains. Apesar dos avanc ̧os da medicina, há já várias décadas que os exames comparticipados pelo Servic ̧o Nacional de Saúde (SNS) para o estudo e estratificac ̧ão de risco da doenc ̧a coronária se mantêm inalterados em cuidados de saúde primários. Apesar do desajuste à prática clínica contemporânea ser há muito evidente, a recente publicac ̧ão das Recomendac ̧ões Europeias para o diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome coronária crónica veio realc ̧ar ainda mais este desfasamento e evidenciar a necessidade imperiosa de mudanc ̧a na forma como são estudados estes pacientes em Portugal. No seguimento desta publicac ̧ão, o Grupo de Estudo de Cardiologia Nuclear, Ressonância Magnética (RM) e Tomografia Computorizada (TC) Cardíaca, o Grupo de Estudo de Ecocardiografia e o Grupo de Estudos de Patofisiologia do Esforc ̧o e Reabilitac ̧ão Car- díaca da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia iniciaram um processo de reflexão conjunta sobre as limitac ̧ões atuais e a forma como poderiam ser aplicadas as recomendac ̧ões internacionais no nosso país. Para tal, os autores sugerem que os novos métodos de imagem (ecocardiograma de esforc ̧o ou de sobrecarga, TC e RM cardíaca) se associem à prova de esforc ̧o e cintigrafia de perfusão do miocárdio no portfólio de exames oferecidos pelo SNS. Esta alterac ̧ão permitiria uma plena adoc ̧ão das recomendac ̧ões europeias e uma melhor utilizac ̧ão dos meios, de acordo com o contexto clínico, a disponibilidade e as particularidades locais. A adoc ̧ão de ‘‘normas de orientac ̧ão clínica’’ baseadas nestes pressupostos traduzir-se-ia numa melhoria qualitativa na abordagem e otimizac ̧ão terapêutica destes pacientes, ao mesmo tempo em que potenciaria uma gestão eficaz dos recursos disponíveis, com potenciais ganhos de saúde e financeiros.
- Published
- 2021
21. Original paper Effect of a urinary catheter on seed position and rectal and bladder doses in CT-based post-implant dosimetry for prostate cancer brachytherapy
- Author
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Nanae Yamaguchi, Hiroaki Kunogi, Yoshiaki Wakumoto, and Keisuke Sasai
- Subjects
Original Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,urinary catheter ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,rectal dose ,medicine.medical_treatment ,brachytherapy ,Brachytherapy ,CT-based ,Rectum ,Computed tomography ,Post implant dosimetry ,prostate cancer ,medicine.disease ,Catheter ,Prostate cancer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,medicine ,Dosimetry ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,business ,Urinary catheter - Abstract
Purpose: To assess the variability in rectal and bladder dosimetric parameters determined according to post-implant computed tomography (CT) images in patients with or without a urethral catheter. Material and methods: Patients with prostate cancer who were scheduled to undergo CT after brachytherapy between October 2012 and January 2014 were included. We obtained CT series with and without a urinary catheter in each patient. We compared the rectal and bladder doses in 18 patients on each CT series. Results: The shifts in the seed positions between with and without a catheter in place were 1.3 ± 0.3 mm (mean ± standard deviation). The radiation doses to the rectum, as determined on the CT series, with a urethral catheter were higher than those on CT without a catheter (p < 0.001). Radiation doses to the bladder with a catheter were significantly lower than those without a catheter (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Post-implant dosimetry (PID) with no catheter showed significantly lower rectal doses and higher bladder doses than those of PID with a catheter. We recommend the PID procedure for CT images in patients without a catheter. Use of CT with a catheter is limited to identifying urethral position. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2015; 7, 3: 211-217 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2015.52624
- Published
- 2015
22. Lack of benefit from low dose computed tomography in screening for lung cancer - comment on paper by Huang K-L et al
- Author
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Benjamin, Don
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Computed tomography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lung cancer screening ,Correspondence ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lung cancer ,Early Detection of Cancer ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Low dose ,Methodology ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,030228 respiratory system ,Usual care ,National Lung Screening Trial ,Radiology ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Low dose computed tomography - Abstract
The article by Huang K-L et al. Effects of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer contains a conclusion that is not consistent with the data presented. With reference to the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) there are several flaws in the methodology overlooked. Also there is no significant reduction in deaths from all causes following the screening. Therefore any claim that the LDCT screening is superior to usual care is invalid.
- Published
- 2020
23. Basic Critical Care for Management of COVID-19 Patients: Position Paper of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, Part-I.
- Author
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Juneja, Deven, Savio, Raymond D., Srinivasan, Shrikanth, Pandit, Rahul A., Ramasubban, Suresh, Reddy, Pavan K., Singh, Manoj, Gopal, Palepu BN, Chaudhry, Dhruva, Govil, Deepak, Dixit, Shubhal, and Samavedam, Srinivas
- Subjects
- *
ANTIBIOTICS , *STEROID drugs , *INTENSIVE care units , *BIOMARKERS , *CLINICAL pathology , *COVID-19 , *CRITICALLY ill , *PATIENTS , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *TREATMENT duration , *CRITICAL care medicine , *HOSPITAL care , *COMPUTED tomography , *DISEASE management , *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *PATIENT positioning - Abstract
With more than 23 million infections and more than 814,000 deaths worldwide, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still far from over. Several classes of drugs including antivirals, antiretrovirals, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antibiotics have been tried with varying levels of success. Still, there is lack of any specific therapy to deal with this infection. Although less than 30% of these patients require intensive care unit admission, morbidity and mortality in this subgroup of patients remain high. Hence, it becomes imperative to have general principles to guide intensivists managing these patients. However, as the literature emerges, these recommendations may change and hence, frequent updates may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Effect of Fiber Orientation on Stochastic Reconstruction and Permeability of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer.
- Author
-
Gao, Yuan, Jin, Teng, Wu, Xiaoyan, and Zhang, Tong
- Subjects
- *
FIBER orientation , *CARBON paper , *DIFFUSION , *COMPUTED tomography , *PERMEABILITY , *THREE-dimensional display systems - Abstract
By analyzing the three-dimensional digital model of a real carbon paper gas diffusion layer (GDL) reconstructed by X-ray computed tomography (CT), it was found that fibers are not distributed at any angle but within a certain range. The fiber orientation can be represented by fiber pitch (i.e., the angle between a single fiber and the in-plane direction). The effect of fiber orientation on stochastic reconstruction and transport properties (permeability) was investigated in this paper to find which fiber pitch range can achieve a better GDL on fluid flow. First, the actual fiber pitch was measured by analyzing SGL-24BA images obtained by X-ray CT. Also, seven different ranges of fiber pitch were randomly chosen to reconstruct GDL. Then, the permeability of these digital models was calculated using the Lattice Bolzmann Method (LBM) and discussed to obtain the fiber pitch range of the optimal permeability. The results show that the mean fiber pitch of SGL-24BA is 2.40° and the individual values are all less than 6°, also, the permeability of the through-plane direction increases gradually as the range of fiber pitch increases, which can be used for the structural design of carbon paper GDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evaluation of a Patient 'Nudge' on Engagement in Lung Cancer Screening.
- Subjects
LUNG cancer ,EARLY detection of cancer ,MEDICAL screening ,ELECTRONIC paper ,BUSINESS partnerships ,ONCOLOGY nursing ,NICOTINE replacement therapy - Abstract
A clinical trial, NCT06474611, has been launched to evaluate the impact of sending electronic reminder messages to patients who qualify for lung cancer screening. The trial aims to determine if these reminders increase engagement in screening among eligible patients who have not previously been screened and have an upcoming appointment with their doctor. The trial is being conducted by Kaiser Permanente and is part of their efforts to expand lung cancer screening participation. The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-arm electronic message outreach intervention. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
26. Recommendations for the Management of the Incidental Renal Mass in Adults: Endorsement and Adaptation of the 2017 ACR Incidental Findings Committee White Paper by the Canadian Association of Radiologists Incidental Findings Working Group.
- Author
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Kirkpatrick, Iain D.C., Brahm, Gary L., Mnatzakanian, Gevork N., Hurrell, Casey, Herts, Brian R., and Bird, Jeffery R.
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTED tomography , *MEDICAL referrals , *KIDNEY tumors , *RADIOLOGISTS , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *UROLOGISTS , *DISEASE incidence , *DIAGNOSIS , *TUMOR treatment - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Preserving Fragile History: Assessing the Feasibility of Segmenting Digitized Historical Documents with Modulation Depth Analysis.
- Author
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Zippert, Patrick, Binder, Felix, and Hausotte, Tino
- Subjects
HISTORICAL source material ,GENERATION X ,HISTORIC preservation ,DIGITAL preservation ,COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
Historical documents are often severely damaged, making it impossible to open them manually without causing further damage. To address this challenge, computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a non-destructive method to explore the inside in a different way. However, the use of ionising radiation in CT scanning raises concerns about its impact on fragile historical documents. This study presents a methodology that uses a test object to conduct preliminary investigations to evaluate the capability of a CT scanner for digital preservation of historical documents. By assessing the feasibility and determining the setting parameters in advance, the X-ray exposure to historical documents can be minimised. For this purpose, a large dataset of inter-page distances was obtained from CT scans of a specially developed test object. The results obtained show a consistent correlation between the page-to-page distances and the derived modulation depths. This method offers great potential for assessing the separability of the pages of historical documents even before they are exposed to radiation for digitisation. Overall, this study helps to reduce the impact of X-ray radiation on sensitive historical documents during digitisation using CT, with the aim of preserving this fragile cultural heritage for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The use of computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence analysis in the research of printed book from the seventeenth century: book binding, tomographic reading of the text, dendrochronological dating, pigments analysis.
- Author
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Vavřík, Daniel, Kazanskii, Andrei, Neoralová, Jitka, Kindlerová, Rita Lyons, Novotná, Dana, Vávrová, Petra, Kumpová, Ivana, Vopálenský, Michal, and Kyncl, Tomáš
- Subjects
X-ray spectroscopy ,COMPUTED tomography ,BOOKBINDING ,PIGMENT analysis ,SEVENTEENTH century ,INK-jet printing ,MULTISPECTRAL imaging - Abstract
This paper presents the use of X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence in the analysis and expert research of the seventeenth century printed book "Eukhologīon albo Molitoslov, ili Trebnik" from Kiev. The main purpose of the survey was to confirm whether the book binding is original or whether it is a rebinding, and whether there are any fragments of the hidden older texts. Commonly used radiography is usually not able to provide sufficient information for these purposes. On the other hand, computed tomography allows a detailed and three-dimensional documentation of the bookbinding technology and the structure of the materials used, including the wooden boards. It will be presented that all elements of the weave are clearly visible, making it possible to show that there are no internal defects in the stitching and materials. It has also been convincingly shown that there are no fragments or layers of older texts in the binding, so no further invasive intervention will be necessary regarding this aspect. The paper also demonstrates the possibility of reading the text in a closed book utilising X-ray computed tomography data; this option may be advantageous for massively damaged manuscripts. It will also be shown, that thanks to detailed tomographic imaging of the wood structure of the boards, a dendrochronological survey can be successfully carried out without invasive intervention into their outer layers. From the CT data it was also found that the pigments of the letters have significantly different densities. Therefore, as part of the survey, elemental analysis of the writing was also carried out using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to confirm and clarify this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Computed Tomography Dose Reduction in Children: Review Paper
- Author
-
Nouf Hussain Abuhadi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Modalities ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Computed tomography ,Multiple methods ,Tube current modulation ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Dose reduction ,Radiation protection ,business ,Cancer risk ,Automatic exposure control - Abstract
Increasing the needs of Computed Tomography (CT) for children is quietly augmented over the last decades, although its one of the most important modalities in diagnostic finalization. However, it carries a higher risk for the patient in term of radiation dose and cancer risk due to higher sensitivity to radiation than the adult. This study was conducted to review the multiple methods of dose reduction technique as presented by different authors where the different scanning protocols, machine and types of the studies were presented Here, more studies and books were selected, where they are carefully summarized and outlined into different categories for which the result stated that; the most frequent examination done in the CT department is head, neck, and sinuses in which where taken as an example of dose reduction methods. The use of the most modern technical advances was recommended in order to optimize the dose level, comfortable, constants (anesthesia if required) position and using low number of phases as possible according to the pathology of interest (low phases with better visualizations), scanning with thin collimation and view thicker as possible, increasing pitch, automatic exposure control, only the area of interest should be examined, with low tube voltage and using of tube current modulation system can give better result of dose reduction and there were multiple methods presented here. Where is most important for radiologist, technicians, and the person who conduct such studies to increase their knowledge in radiation protection, technical advances and how to interpret the different CT protocols.
- Published
- 2020
30. TBDLNet: A network for classifying multidrug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive tuberculosis.
- Author
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Zhu, Ziquan, Tao, Jing, Wang, Shuihua, Zhang, Xin, and Zhang, Yudong
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,PLURALITY voting ,FEATURE extraction ,COMPUTED tomography ,SCHEDULING ,TUBERCULOSIS - Abstract
This paper proposes applying a novel deep‐learning model, TBDLNet, to recognize CT images to classify multidrug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive tuberculosis automatically. The pre‐trained ResNet50 is selected to extract features. Three randomized neural networks are used to alleviate the overfitting problem. The ensemble of three RNNs is applied to boost the robustness via majority voting. The proposed model is evaluated by five‐fold cross‐validation. Five indexes are selected in this paper, which are accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1‐score, and specificity. The TBDLNet achieves 0.9822 accuracy, 0.9815 specificity, 0.9823 precision, 0.9829 sensitivity, and 0.9826 F1‐score, respectively. The TBDLNet is suitable for classifying multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis and drug‐sensitive tuberculosis. It can detect multidrug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis as early as possible, which helps to adjust the treatment plan in time and improve the treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Imaging the adult with simple shunt lesions: position paper from the EACVI and the ESC WG on ACHD. Endorsed by AEPC (Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology).
- Author
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Budts, Werner, Miller, Owen, Babu-Narayan, Sonya V, Li, Wei, Buechel, Emanuela Valsangiacomo, Frigiola, Alessandra, van den Bosch, Annemien, Bonello, Beatrice, Mertens, Luc, Hussain, Tarique, Parish, Victoria, Habib, Gilbert, Edvardsen, Thor, Geva, Tal, Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W, Hanseus, Katarina, Subira, Laura Dos, Baumgartner, Helmut, Gatzoulis, Michael, and Salvo, Giovanni Di
- Subjects
CONGENITAL heart disease diagnosis ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,TRANSESOPHAGEAL echocardiography ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,ATRIAL septal defects ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,PEDIATRIC cardiology ,COMPUTED tomography ,VENTRICULAR septal defects ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis ,MEDICAL societies ,ALGORITHMS ,ADULTS - Abstract
In 2018, the position paper 'Imaging the adult with congenital heart disease: a multimodality imaging approach' was published. The paper highlights, in the first part, the different imaging modalities applied in adult congenital heart disease patients. In the second part, these modalities are discussed more detailed for moderate to complex anatomical defects. Because of the length of the paper, simple lesions were not touched on. However, imaging modalities to use for simple shunt lesions are still poorly known. One is looking for structured recommendations on which they can rely when dealing with an (undiscovered) shunt lesion. This information is lacking for the initial diagnostic process, during repair and at follow-up. Therefore, this paper will focus on atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and persistent arterial duct. Pre-, intra-, and post-procedural imaging techniques will be systematically discussed. This position paper will offer algorithms that might help at a glance. The document is prepared for general cardiologists, trainees, medical students, imagers/technicians to select the most appropriate imaging modality and to detect the requested information for each specific lesion. It might serve as reference to which researchers could refer when setting up a (imaging) study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. WSES position paper on vascular emergency surgery.
- Author
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T. Pereira, Bruno Monteiro, Chiara, Osvaldo, Ramponi, Fabio, Weber, Dieter G., Cimbanassi, Stefania, De Simone, Belinda, Musicki, Korana, Vieira Meirelles, Guilherme, Catena, Fausto, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Sartelli, Massimo, Di Saverio, Salomone, Bendinelli, Cino, and Pereira Fraga, Gustavo
- Subjects
- *
ARM surgery , *ARM injuries , *CAROTID artery surgery , *CAROTID artery injuries , *FEMORAL artery , *LEG surgery , *LEG injuries , *TRAUMA surgery , *SUBCLAVIAN artery , *CHEST injuries , *PULMONARY artery , *ABDOMINAL injuries , *ABDOMINAL aortic aneurysms , *VASCULAR surgery , *BLUNT trauma , *COMPUTED tomography , *EMERGENCY medical services , *MEDICAL protocols , *NECK injuries , *PENETRATING wounds , *PREOPERATIVE care , *OPERATIVE surgery , *AORTIC rupture , *WOUNDS & injuries , *SURGERY ,SUBCLAVIAN artery surgery - Abstract
Trauma, both blunt and penetrating, is extremely common worldwide, as trauma to major vessels. The management of these patients requires specialized surgical skills and techniques of the trauma surgeon. Furthermore few other surgical emergencies require immediate diagnosis and treatment like a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Mortality of patients with a rAAA reaches 85 %, with more than half dying before reaching the hospital. These are acute events demanding immediate intervention to save life and limb and precluding any attempt at transfer or referral. It is the purpose of this position paper to discuss neck, chest, extremities and abdominal trauma, bringing to light recent evidence based data as well as expert opinions; besides, in this paper we present a review of the recent literature on rAAA and we discuss the rationale for transfer to referral center, the role of preoperative imaging and the pros and cons of Endoluminal repair of rAAA (REVAR) versus Open Repair (OR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Reduction of variable-truncation artifacts from beam occlusion during in situ x-ray tomography:Paper
- Author
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Jon Sporring, Jürgen Frikel, Jakob Sauer Jørgensen, and Leise Borg
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In situ ,Materials science ,Truncation ,Computed tomography ,02 engineering and technology ,in situ measurements ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Reduction (complexity) ,ltered backprojection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optics ,Occlusion ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Instrumentation ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,variable-truncation artifacts ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,X-ray ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Tomography ,business ,sinogram discontinuities ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
Many in situ x-ray tomography studies require experimental rigs which may partially occlude the beam and cause parts of the projection data to be missing. In a study of fluid flow in porous chalk using a percolation cell with four metal bars drastic streak artifacts arise in the filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction at certain orientations. Projections with non-trivial variable truncation caused by the metal bars are the source of these variable-truncation artifacts. To understand the artifacts a mathematical model of variable-truncation data as a function of metal bar radius and distance to sample is derived and verified numerically and with experimental data. The model accurately describes the arising variable-truncation artifacts across simulated variations of the experimental setup. Three variable-truncation artifact-reduction methods are proposed, all aimed at addressing sinogram discontinuities that are shown to be the source of the streaks. The ‘reduction to limited angle’ (RLA) method simply keeps only non-truncated projections; the ‘detector-directed smoothing’ (DDS) method smooths the discontinuities; while the ‘reflexive boundary condition’ (RBC) method enforces a zero derivative at the discontinuities. Experimental results using both simulated and real data show that the proposed methods effectively reduce variable-truncation artifacts. The RBC method is found to provide the best artifact reduction and preservation of image features using both visual and quantitative assessment. The analysis and artifact-reduction methods are designed in context of FBP reconstruction motivated by computational efficiency practical for large, real synchrotron data. While a specific variable-truncation case is considered, the proposed methods can be applied to general data cut-offs arising in different in situ x-ray tomography experiments.
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- 2017
34. USER DEFINED GEOMETRIC FEATURE FOR THE CREATION OF THE FEMORAL NECK ENVELOPING SURFACE.
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Stojković, Miloš, Trifunović, Milan, Milovanović, Jelena, and Arsić, Stojanka
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FEMORAL neck fractures ,FEMUR neck ,FEMUR ,ELECTRONIC paper ,COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
There is a growing demand for application of personalized bone implants (endoprostheses or macro-scaffolds, and fixators) which conform to the anatomy of the patient. Hence the need for a CAD procedure that enables fast and sufficiently accurate digital reconstruction of the traumatized bone geometry. Research presented in this paper addresses digital reconstruction of the femoral neck fracture. The results point out that the User-Defined (geometric) Feature (UDF) concept is the most convenient to use in digital reconstruction of numerous variants of the same topology, such as in this kind of bone region. UDF, named FemoNeck, is developed to demonstrate capability of the chosen concept. Its geometry, controlled by a dozen of parameters, can be easily shaped according to the femoral neck region anatomy of a particular patient. That kind of the CAD procedure should use a minimally required set of geometric (anatomical) parameters, which can be easily captured from X-ray or Computed Tomography (CT) images. For the statistical analysis of geometry and UDF development we used CT scans of proximal femur of 24 Caucasian female and male adults. The validation of the proposed method was done by applying it for remodeling of four femoral necks of four different proximal femurs and by comparing the geometrical congruency between the raw polygonal models gained directly from CT scan and reconstructed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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35. Landmark papers in respiratory medicine: Automatic quantification of emphysema and airways disease on computed tomography
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Firdaus A. A. Mohamed Hoesein and Pim A. de Jong
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,endocrine system diseases ,MEDLINE ,Computed tomography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Journal Article ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,Landmark ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Airways disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,respiratory system ,Expert Opinion ,humanities ,respiratory tract diseases ,Respiratory Medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Radiology ,Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) of the lungs is able to visualise the lungs with submillimetre resolution and has become the reference standard for emphysema assessment in vivo. CT, a simple densitometer, can aid automatic localisation and quantification of the extent of both emphysema and airway disease, nowadays with a radiation dose of below 1 millisievert for an average 70 kg adult. In this article we will give a brief overview of the three landmark studies describing the quantification of emphysema and small and large airways disease on CT., Landmark studies on automatic CT quantification of the pathophysiological factors in obstructive pulmonary diseases http://ow.ly/YEKhv
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- 2016
36. Classification and detection of Covid-19 based on X-Ray and CT images using deep learning and machine learning techniques: A bibliometric analysis.
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Chawki, Youness, Elasnaoui, Khalid, and Ouhda, Mohamed
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MACHINE learning ,DEEP learning ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,X-ray imaging ,COMPUTED tomography ,COVID-19 pandemic ,X-rays - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was crucial for the healthcare sector to detect and classify the virus using X-ray and CT scans. This has underlined the need for advanced Deep Learning and Machine Learning approaches to effectively spot and manage the virus's spread. Indeed, researchers worldwide have dynamically participated in the field by publishing an important number of papers across various databases. In this context, we present a bibliometric analysis focused on the detection and classification of COVID-19 using Deep Learning and Machine Learning techniques, based on X-Ray and CT images. We analyzed published documents of the six prominent databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM, MDPI, PubMed, Springer, and ScienceDirect) during the period between 2019 and November 2023. Our results showed that rising forces in economy and technology, especially India, China, Turkey, and Pakistan, began to compete with the great powers in the field of scientific research, which could be seen from their number of publications. Moreover, researchers contributed to Deep Learning techniques more than the use of Machine Learning techniques or the use of both together and preferred to submit their works to Springer Database. An important result was that more than 57% documents were published as Journal Articles, which was an important portion compared to other publication types (conference papers and book chapters). Moreover, the PubMed journal Multimedia Tools and Applications' tops the list of journals with a total of 29 published articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Paper 07: Biomechanical Evaluation of Posterior Shoulder Instability with a Clinically Relevant Posterior Bone Loss Model.
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Provencher, Matthew, Brady, Alex, Dornan, Grant, Bartolomei, Christopher, Miles, Jon, Millett, Peter, Brown, Justin, and Waltz, Robert
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THREE-dimensional imaging ,SHOULDER injuries ,JOINT instability ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,DISEASE relapse ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,COMPUTED tomography ,BIOMECHANICS ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Objectives: Though recognized as a risk factor, posterior glenoid bone loss has only recently been characterized and is distinctly different than anterior glenoid bone loss patterns. Existing biomechanical studies are limited by employment of anterior glenoid bone loss models which are different in both orientation and morphology than posterior glenoid bone loss, and testing in a single neutral arm position thus not fully accounting for the contribution of capsuloligamentous structures in various at-risk arm positions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of a posterior labral repair in the setting of a clinically relevant bone loss model using 3-dimensional computed tomography modeling of patients with recurrent posterior shoulder instability in various at-risk arm positions. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age: 55.4 years, range: 39-65) were prepared by removing all tissue except the capsule and distal rotator cuff insertions. A joint coordinate frame was established, the specimens were potted, then mounted to a customized fixture on 6-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm. A posterior labral tear was created, then repaired with 3 horizontal mattress sutures and secured by drilling 6 transosseous holes along the peripheral glenoid face exiting the anterior glenoid neck. The sutures were secured for the labral repair states to the mounted fixture under maximal tension and released for the labral tear states and for creating the sequential bone loss models. Bone loss models were created based off a cohort of CT data on patients undergoing revision posterior labral repair surgery to develop 2 clinically relevant 3D models of glenoid bone loss: the first simulating the mean bone loss in this cohort and represented 7% or small bone loss; the second was the mean + 2SD representing 28% or large bone loss. The bone loss was created on each specimen with a 3mm round burr to match each respective 3D printed template (Figure 1). Each specimen was tested in 7 consecutive states: (1) native anatomy, (2) posterior labral tear (6-9 o'clock), (3) posterior labral repair, (4) mean posterior glenoid bone loss with labral tear, (5) mean posterior glenoid bone loss with labral repair, (6) large posterior glenoid bone loss with labral tear, and (7) large posterior glenoid bone loss with labral repair. Each state underwent 75N of posterior-inferior force and 75N of compression during the four tests at 60 and 90 degrees of flexion and 60 and 90 degrees of scaption. Posterior-inferior translation, lateral translation, and dislocation force were measured for each condition. Statistical analysis was performed using two-factor random-intercepts linear mixed-effects models. Results: Compared to the labral tear state, significant increases in dislocation forces occurred with labral repair independent of bone loss state or arm position with values as follows: 14.8N (60° scaption), 12.2N (90° scaption), 11.1N (60° flexion), and 10.1N (90° flexion) with mean 12.1 ± 2.0N across all arm positions (Figure 2). Dislocation force significantly decreased between no bone loss and small bone loss (mean 12.4 ± 0.7N) and between small bone loss and large bone loss (mean 11.8 ± 2.1N) regardless of labral state in all arm positions (table 1). Posterior-inferior translation significantly decreased with labral repair compared to labral tear states independent of bone loss state in all arm positions (Table 1). Lateral translation of the humeral head significant increased when the labrum was repaired independent of bone loss state in all arm positions except 90° scaption and decreased progressively in all bone loss states in all arm positions (table 1). In the native state, the shoulder significantly translated posterior-inferior in scaption at 60° and 90° elevation compared to flexion (p<0.017) and was most unstable in 60° scaption with 29.9 ± 6.1mm posterior-inferior translation (Figure 3). Conclusions: This is the first study to biomechanically evaluate posterior glenoid bone loss using a clinical model in various at-risk arm positions on a 6 degree-of-freedom robot and through a precise linear effects model has established values for the increase in dislocation force posterior labral repair provides regardless of bone loss. The most significant finding of the study is that independent of bone loss, labral repair reduced posterior dislocation forces by 12.1 ± 2.0N and significantly decreased posterior-inferior translation. With a mean decrease in dislocation force of 12.4 ± 0.7N with small (7%) bone loss, labral repair alone may be enough to restore shoulder stability in most individuals. However, significant increases in posterior bone loss may require bony augmentation for adequate stability based on individual factors such as age and activity level. Table 1. Summary of statistically significance among modeled effects for labrum state and bone loss state. Separate linear mixed-effects models were constructed for each combination shoulder position, elevation and measurement. Numeric results reflect the estimated effect of moving from State A -> State B, as indicated in the column header. Up arrows indicate an increasing effect in the measure of interest, while down arrows indicate a decreasing effect, n.s. represents not statistically significant. Figure 2. Bar plots indicating mean and standard deviation values, stratified by shoulder position, elevation, and experimental status of the labrum and glenoid bone loss. Figure 3. Linear mixed-effects model estimates for shoulder position and elevation upon posterior inferior translation among native shoulders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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38. Liver trauma: WSES position paper.
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Coccolini, Federico, Montori, Giulia, Catena, Fausto, Di Saverio, Salomone, Biffl, Walter, Moore, Ernest E., Peitzman, Andrew B., Rizoli, Sandro, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Sartelli, Massimo, Manfredi, Roberto, and Ansaloni, Luca
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- *
LIVER surgery , *LIVER injuries , *DIAGNOSIS of abdominal injuries , *ABDOMINAL injuries , *ANGIOGRAPHY , *BLUNT trauma , *COMPUTED tomography , *HEMODYNAMICS , *HEMORRHAGE , *LIVER transplantation , *POSTOPERATIVE care , *THERAPEUTIC embolization , *SEVERITY of illness index , *TRAUMA severity indices , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The liver is the most injured organ in abdominal trauma. Road traffic crashes and antisocial, violent behavior account for the majority of liver injuries. The present position paper represents the position of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) about the management of liver injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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39. The Importance of Body Part Labeling to Enable Enterprise Imaging: A HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community Collaborative White Paper.
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Towbin, Alexander J., Roth, Christopher J., Petersilge, Cheryl A., Garriott, Kimberley, Buckwalter, Kenneth A., and Clunie, David A.
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ANATOMY ,HUMAN body ,COMPUTED tomography ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,DIGITAL diagnostic imaging ,FOREIGN bodies ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MEDICAL ethics ,PHOTOGRAPHY ,PRIVACY ,DICOM (Computer network protocol) - Abstract
In order for enterprise imaging to be successful across a multitude of specialties, systems, and sites, standards are essential to categorize and classify imaging data. The HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community believes that the Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Anatomic Region Sequence, or its equivalent in other data standards, is a vital data element for this role, when populated with standard coded values. We believe that labeling images with standard Anatomic Region Sequence codes will enhance the user's ability to consume data, facilitate interoperability, and allow greater control of privacy. Image consumption—when a user views a patient's images, he or she often wants to see relevant comparison images of the same lesion or anatomic region for the same patient automatically presented. Relevant comparison images may have been acquired from a variety of modalities and specialties. The Anatomic Region Sequence data element provides a basis to allow for efficient comparison in both instances. Interoperability—as patients move between health care systems, it is important to minimize friction for data transfer. Health care providers and facilities need to be able to consume and review the increasingly large and complex volume of data efficiently. The use of Anatomic Region Sequence, or its equivalent, populated with standard values enables seamless interoperability of imaging data regardless of whether images are used within a site or across different sites and systems. Privacy—as more visible light photographs are integrated into electronic systems, it becomes apparent that some images may need to be sequestered. Although additional work is needed to protect sensitive images, standard coded values in Anatomic Region Sequence support the identification of potentially sensitive images, enable facilities to create access control policies, and can be used as an interim surrogate for more sophisticated rule-based or attribute-based access control mechanisms. To satisfy such use cases, the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community encourages the use of a pre-existing body part ontology. Through this white paper, we will identify potential challenges in employing this standard and provide potential solutions for these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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40. Anniversary Paper: A sampling of novel technologies and the role of medical physicists in radiation oncology
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James M. Balter and Stephen Balter
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Scope (project management) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Medical care ,Medical physicist ,X ray computed ,Health care ,Radiation oncology ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Sampling (medicine) ,business - Abstract
Physicists have and continue to play a major role in the creation and introduction of novel technology into medical care. This review covers some of the highlights of contributions of medical physicists to the field of radiation oncology during the history of the AAPM. While not comprehensive, the broad scope of developments and their impact hints at the importance of the medical physicist in advancing the field in the past, present, and future.
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- 2008
41. Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper.
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Lancellotti, Patrizio, Pibarot, Philippe, Chambers, John, Canna, Giovanni La, Pepi, Mauro, Dulgheru, Raluca, Dweck, Mark, Delgado, Victoria, Garbi, Madalina, Vannan, Mani A, Montaigne, David, Badano, Luigi, Maurovich-Horvat, Pal, Pontone, Gianluca, Vahanian, Alec, Donal, Erwan, Cosyns, Bernard, and Imaging, the Scientific Document Committee of the European Association of Cardiovascular
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HEART valve diseases ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,MITRAL valve insufficiency ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,TRICUSPID valve diseases ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,PULMONARY valve diseases ,HEART valves ,COMPUTED tomography ,AORTIC valve insufficiency - Abstract
Valvular regurgitation represents an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of native valve regurgitation and echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for this purpose. The imaging assessment of valvular regurgitation should integrate quantification of the regurgitation, assessment of the valve anatomy and function, and the consequences of valvular disease on cardiac chambers. In clinical practice, the management of patients with valvular regurgitation largely relies on the results of imaging. It is crucial to provide standards that aim at establishing a baseline list of measurements to be performed when assessing native valve regurgitation. The present document aims to present clinical guidance for the multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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42. Clinical applications of cardiac computed tomography: a consensus paper of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging—part II.
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Pontone, Gianluca, Rossi, Alexia, Guglielmo, Marco, Dweck, Marc R, Gaemperli, Oliver, Nieman, Koen, Pugliese, Francesca, Maurovich-Horvat, Pal, Gimelli, Alessia, Cosyns, Bernard, and Achenbach, Stephan
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CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,CARDIOMYOPATHIES ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,ACUTE coronary syndrome ,CONGENITAL heart disease ,RADIONUCLIDE imaging ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,CORONARY artery disease ,CALCINOSIS ,COMPUTED tomography ,PERFUSION ,HEART diseases - Abstract
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) was initially developed as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect and quantify coronary stenosis. Thanks to the rapid technological development, cardiac CT has become a comprehensive imaging modality which offers anatomical and functional information to guide patient management. This is the second of two complementary documents endorsed by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging aiming to give updated indications on the appropriate use of cardiac CT in different clinical scenarios. In this article, emerging CT technologies and biomarkers, such as CT-derived fractional flow reserve, perfusion imaging, and pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, are described. In addition, the role of cardiac CT in the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque, cardiomyopathies, structural heart disease, and congenital heart disease is revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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43. Anniversary Paper: Development of x-ray computed tomography: The role ofMedical PhysicsandAAPMfrom the 1970s to present
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Patrick J. La Riviere, Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen, Willi A. Kalender, and Xiaochuan Pan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cone beam computed tomography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,X ray computed ,Medical imaging ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Tomography ,business ,Tomosynthesis - Abstract
The AAPM, through its members, meetings, and its flagship journal Medical Physics, has played an important role in the development and growth of x-ray tomography in the last 50 years. From a spate of early articles in the 1970s characterizing the first commercial computed tomography (CT) scanners through the "slice wars" of the 1990s and 2000s, the history of CT and related techniques such as tomosynthesis can readily be traced through the pages of Medical Physics and the annals of the AAPM and RSNA/AAPM Annual Meetings. In this article, the authors intend to give a brief review of the role of Medical Physics and the AAPM in CT and tomosynthesis imaging over the last few decades.
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- 2008
44. Anniversary Paper: Role of medical physicists and the AAPM in improving geometric aspects of treatment accuracy and precision
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Paul J. Keall, Ellen Yorke, and Frank Verhaegen
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Medical physicist ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,External beam radiation ,Medical imaging ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Ultrasonography ,business ,Image guidance - Abstract
The last 50 years have seen great advances in the accuracy of external beam radiation therapy. Geometrical uncertainties have been reduced from a centimeter or more in presimulation, skin-mark guided days to 1-2 mm in today's image-guided radiation therapy treatments. Medical physicists, with the support and guidance of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), have been, and continue to be, at the forefront of research, development and clinical implementation in this area. This article reviews some of the major contributions of physicists to the improvement of treatment accuracy and precision, and speculates as to what the future may bring.
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- 2008
45. COVID TCL: A Joint Metric Loss Function for Diagnosing COVID-19 Patient in the Early and Incubation Period.
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Rui Wen, Jie Zhou, Zhongliang Shen, Xiaorui Zhang, and Jha, Sunil Kumar
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COVID-19 testing ,INCUBATION period (Communicable diseases) ,COMPUTED tomography ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) can quickly diagnose COVID-19 patients by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images of the lung, thereby effectively preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, the existing CNN-based COVID-19 diagnosis models do consider the problem that the lung images of COVID-19 patients in the early stage and incubation period are extremely similar to those of the non-COVID-19 population. Which reduces the model's classification sensitivity, resulting in a higher probability of the model misdiagnosing COVID-19 patients as non-COVID-19 people. To solve the problem, this paper first attempts to apply triplet loss and center loss to the field of COVID-19 image classification, combining softmax loss to design a jointly supervised metric loss function COVID Triplet-Center Loss (COVID-TCL). Triplet loss can increase inter-class discreteness, and center loss can improve intra-class compactness. Therefore, COVID-TCL can help the CNN-based model to extract more discriminative features and strengthen the diagnostic capacity of COVID-19 patients in the early stage and incubation period. Meanwhile, we use the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) as a classifier to design a COVID-19 images classification model of CNN-XGBoost architecture, to further improve the CNN-based model's classification effect and operation efficiency. The experiment shows that the classification accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is 97.41%, and the sensitivity is 97.61%, which is higher than the other 7 reference models. The COVID-TCL can effectively improve the classification sensitivity of the CNN-based model, the CNN-XGBoost architecture can further improve the CNN-based model's classification effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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46. Critique of “MemXCT: Memory-Centric X-Ray CT Reconstruction With Massive Parallelization” by SCC Team From the University of Texas at Austin.
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Davis, Brock, Paez, Juan, Gaither, Jack, and Garcia, Joe A.
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COMPUTED tomography ,VIRTUAL machine systems ,X-rays ,GRAPHICS processing units ,MICROSOFT Azure (Computing platform) ,COMPUTER workstation clusters - Abstract
This report describes The University of Texas Student Cluster Competition team’s effort to reproduce the results of “MemXCT: memory-centric X-ray CT reconstruction with massive parallelization” (Hidayetoğlu et al., 2019). The article details a new memory-centric approach that reconstructs X-ray computed tomography (XCT) from noisy raw data. In our reproduction experiments, we utilized Microsoft Azure’s CycleCloud tool to provision, orchestrate, and manage our computing cluster in the cloud. In particular, we scheduled and benchmarked reconstruction workloads using Azure’s CPU-based HC44rs and GPU-based NC12s v2 virtual machine (VM) types to evaluate the scalability properties of the reconstruction approach and the performance differences between architectures. The HC44rs VMs contained 44 Intel Xeon Platinum cores, while the NC12s v2 VM was equipped with two NVIDIA P100 GPUs. We used a recent version of Intel’s compiler stack with the MKL library for our CPU code along with CUDA 11.1 on GPUs. Overall, our results confirm the findings of the original article, demonstrating similar acceleration on GPUs and scalability properties on CPUs. Digital artifacts from these experiments are available at: 10.5281/zenodo.5598108 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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47. Contemporary rationale for non-invasive imaging of adverse coronary plaque features to identify the vulnerable patient: a Position Paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
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Dweck, Marc R, Maurovich-Horvat, Pál, Leiner, Tim, Cosyns, Bernard, Fayad, Zahi A, Gijsen, Frank J H, Heiden, Kim Van der, Kooi, M Eline, Maehara, Akiko, Muller, James E, Newby, David E, Narula, Jagat, Pontone, Gianluca, Regar, Evelyn, Serruys, Patrick W, Steen, Antonius F W van der, Stone, Peter H, Waltenberger, Johannes L, Yuan, Chun, and Evans, Paul C
- Subjects
ATHEROSCLEROSIS - Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques prone to rupture may cause acute myocardial infarction (MI) but can also heal without causing an event. Certain common histopathological features, including inflammation, a thin fibrous cap, positive remodelling, a large necrotic core, microcalcification, and plaque haemorrhage are commonly found in plaques causing an acute event. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to detect not only luminal stenosis and overall coronary atherosclerosis burden but also to identify such adverse plaque characteristics. However, the predictive value of identifying individual adverse atherosclerotic plaques for future events has remained poor. In this Position Paper, the relationship between vulnerable plaque imaging and MI is addressed, mainly for non-invasive assessments but also for invasive imaging of adverse plaques in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography. Dynamic changes in atherosclerotic plaque development and composition may indicate that an adverse plaque phenotype should be considered at the patient level rather than for individual plaques. Imaging of adverse plaque burden throughout the coronary vascular tree, in combination with biomarkers and biomechanical parameters, therefore holds promise for identifying subjects at increased risk of MI and for guiding medical and invasive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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48. تأثیر فیلم و کاغذ بر روی کیفیت تصاویر حاصل از CBCT و دقت آنها در تشخیص کانال آلوئولار تحتانی
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حافظی, لادن, طلایی پور, احمدرضا, and کمالی, بنت الهدی
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MANDIBLE ,ALVEOLAR process ,CHI-squared test ,COMPUTED tomography ,DENTAL fillings ,FISHER exact test ,QUALITY assurance ,RADIOGRAPHIC films ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,ANATOMY - Abstract
Background and Aims: According to the research background and need to print CBCT images in case of emergency, this study has been done to compare the quality and accuracy of the two methods of film and paper printing for CBCT images. Materials and Methods: The study of CBCT images taken from 5 patients was done and the cross-sectional slices on Fotolusio DNP papers and film AGFA were printed. Afterward, the images was exmined by a maxillofacial radiologist. The images' quality were identified and recorded with anatomical, from 1 to 4 on forms. The accuracy was determined by the diagnosis of alveolar canal area and the comparison with the gold standard. Data were analyzed using independent chi-square and Fisher exact tests'. Results: The images quality in anatomical landmarks consisting PDL (P=0.02), lamina dura (P=0.006), the inferior alveolar canal (P=0.01) and the filling (P=0.006) had a significant difference. There was no significant difference. For the lower border of the mandible landmark, there was no difference between the two methods of printing. In comparing the diagnostic accuracy between the two methods (P=1). Conclusion: The results showed that the diagnostic quality in film printing is better than paper printing and the diagnostic accuracy is the same in both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
49. Paper 20: The Relationship of Schottle's Point to the Medial Distal Femoral Physis: A Digitally Reconstructed Radiograph and 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Study.
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Metz, Allan, Froerer, Devin, Mortensen, Alexander, Aoki, Stephen, and Featherall, Joseph
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THREE-dimensional imaging ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,EPIPHYSIS ,COMPUTED tomography ,FEMUR - Abstract
Objectives: There is significant controversy regarding ideal medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) femoral tunnel position in the pediatric setting. The authors identified 3 main gaps in knowledge. First, the position of the radiographic MPFLR start point (Schottle's point) relative to the medial distal femoral epiphysis is not well defined. Second, although anatomic studies have suggested tunnel trajectories that avoid physeal contact, these trajectories are not based upon the widely used Schottle's point, providing limited intraoperative utility. Third, prior studies provide conflicting data regarding position of the MPFL origin relative to the distal femoral physis, particularly in younger patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the proximity of Schottle's point to the medial distal femoral physis and the medial epicondyle using a digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) models. Methods: The institutional picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was queried for CT imaging studies of pediatric knees with open physes. CT data were imported to a Python based, open-source image processing software and were transformed to create true lateral digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) (Figure 1) and 3-dimensional (3D) renderings of the distal femur (Figure 2). Schottle's point and the medial epicondyle were registered using fiducial markers and 3D distance measurements were then obtained from Schottle's point on the medial cortex to 1) the medial epicondyle, 2) the physeal point directly superior to Schottle's point, and 3) the shortest distance to the medial physis on the cortical surface. A 6-millimeter circle was used to simulate reaming diameter and physeal intersections were tabulated. Results: 49 pediatric knee CT scans with open physes were included in the data. Average patient age was 13.0 ± 2.3 years (range: 6-17 years). Mean minimum distance from the medial physis to Schottle's point was 9.9 mm ± 3.0mm (range: 3.4-16.1 mm) (Figure 3). In 49 of 49 cases (100%), Schottle's point was distal to the physis. Schottle's point was localized at a mean distance of 7.5mm ± 3.14mm posterior to the medial epicondyle and 6.1mm ± 2.9mm superior to the medial epicondyle. Using a 6mm reaming diameter, 3 (6%) femurs in our study would have violation of the medial distal femoral physis. Moving the start point 3mm distally would result in 0 of 49 (0%) having physeal injury. Conclusions: Historically, characterizing the position of the origin of the MPFL on the medial condyle relative to the medial distal femoral physis has been challenging. Prior cadaveric studies have suggested the MPFL originates proximal to the physis in younger patients (<7 years). However, more recent cadaveric studies have challenged this idea, finding the bony landmarks of the MPFL origin to be distal to the physis. Although these studies have sparked significant discussion regarding the pediatric MPFL origin, they have small numbers of specimens. Using a more surgically relevant approach, the present study demonstrates that Schottle's point is consistently distal to the distal femoral physis. Prior studies have suggested anterior and distal drill trajectories that may minimize physeal injury. Although useful, these studies do not assess drilling path relative to the commonly used radiographically identified starting point, Schottle's point. The present study complements this prior work by addressing the radiographic start point upon which the drill trajectory is based intraoperatively. Based on the present study, the use of Schottle's point without distalization would lead to physeal injury in 6% of cases. Further, prior cadaveric anatomic studies are subject to limitations of the availability and expense of pediatric specimens and are therefore limited to small sample sizes. The methodology of the present study, by using readily available fine cut CT data, is not subject to such constraints. The present investigation offers a larger sample size than any previously published pediatric MPFL anatomic study and uses a highly accurate and repeatable methodology. This unique methodology may be more broadly applicable to the study of pediatric procedures near the physis. The radiographically defined surgical start point for MPFL femoral tunnel placement (Schottle's point), is consistently distal to the medial distal femoral physis. Mean minimum distance from Schottle's point to the physis on the medial cortex is 9.9mm. Using Schottle's point for the start of tunnel drilling leads to physis violation in 6% of cases, when using a 6mm reamer. Distalization of the start point by 3mm leads to avoidance of physeal injury in all cases. Figure 1. Digitally Reconstructed Radiograph with Identification of Schottle's Point Figure 2. 3D Rendering with Physeal Distance Measurement Figure 3. Saggital Plane Plot of Schottle's Point and Closest Point on Medial Physis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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50. Research in cardiac radiology: a European Society of Radiology white paper
- Subjects
Magnetic resonance imaging ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION ,PET/CT ,Research ,cardiovascular system ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,Statement ,Cardiac imaging ,Computed tomography - Abstract
The past, present and future status of the practice of cardiac imaging is discussed, especially as it relates to cardiac imaging research. Recommendations for the future development are given; these emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.
- Published
- 2010
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