Search

Purpose: This study's objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents' body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software., Results: The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08)., Conclusion: The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest., (© 2021 Korean Society of Nursing Science.)

Background: The benefits of travel for the wellbeing of people of all ages and abilities are well known, though travellers with prostheses have so far been excluded. Limb loss, due to trauma, vascular disease, cancer, or infections requires a prosthesis for cosmesis and functionality. The life-changing event of losing a limb and the considerable psychological adjustment to accept an altered body image influence rehabilitation and self-management as well as the participation in social activities, such as sport and travel. The challenge of travel lies not only in transferring practical impediments encountered at home to another location; familiar coping strategies may require unexpected adjustments. After presenting background information on limb loss and prostheses, the purpose of this paper was to review literature on health advice for travellers with prosthetic limbs. Method: All major data bases were searched for peer-reviewed literature using a variation of keyword combinations around travel and prosthetics. Relevant journals were searched individually, and selected authors and university departments contacted. No evidence-based results were obtained. The search then moved to grey literature including documents from relevant organisations, professional bodies, government websites, manufacturers, airlines, prosthetic/physiotherapy clinics, sport organisations to approaching amputees, including veterans and athletes, directly. Result: The list of collated travel advice for people with artificial limbs relates to (1) trip preparation, (2) packing (especially considering the mechanical and/or electrical requirements of the prosthesis), (3) travelling by plane as the most covered mode of travel, and (4) navigating airports and airport security, which may be used by travel health practitioners while awaiting evidence-based guidelines. Conclusion: This is the first paper on travel with a prosthetic limb in any field, including travel medicine. Therefore, travel health practitioners have no evidence-based guidelines at their disposal required for high-quality care for this neglected population. Preliminary recommendations for clinical practice, advice for required updates in education, and suggestions for urgently needed research are provided to replace current hints and tips with evidence so that travellers with prostheses are no longer 'out on a limb'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has documented the relationship between the promotion of 'ideal', 'fit' bodies in social media, body image and associated body concerns and conditions. This article expands this scholarship, focusing specifically on gender, body disaffection and social media. Thus far, body disaffection has mostly been understood through a psychological framing, as a pathology residing within an individual and strongly associated with poor body image because of internalizing media images. In this paper, drawing on feminist new materialism, I offer a framing of body disaffection as a relational phenomenon. The paper draws on a mixed method study in England, with over 1000 young people examining their experiences with a range of digital health technologies. I focus specifically on their engagement with social media, to explore the relationship between ideal images and body concerns. Far from being a simple process of internalization of negative perceptions or image one has of their body, disaffection is formed through the body via a complex process of entanglement with social media and other elements. I outline how disaffection materialises as part of an assemblage of elements, including discourses, humans, bodies, digital objects and platforms. The paper reveals how entanglements with social media can generate powerful affects such as shame, pleasure and belonging along gendered lines, which may have significant implications for young people's relationships with their bodies. I analyse how social media events focused on the 'transformation' of bodies generate powerful affects, which open or limit capacities for what 'boys' or 'girls' bodies might become in deeply gendered and sometimes harmful ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last thirty years have seen significant advances in cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies and their application in health care/clinical practices. The papers included in this Special Issue describe the adaptations of ACT for HIV, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and Eating Disorders (EDs); two engage technology in intervention delivery. The third ACT paper involved a Randomised Controlled Trial of a digital, gamified intervention for women and girls at high risk for developing an eating disorder. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a contemporary cognitive and behavioural therapy that is grounded in functional contextualism and is process-based [[5]]. [Extracted from the article]

With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, human safety has been seriously threatened during the mining process. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an efficient human infrared image recognition system. In this paper, three classes of infrared image data of the human body are collected by a thermal imager, namely Human, Human others and None. According to the characteristics of downhole infrared images, a distributed channel feature extraction module (DCFE) is designed, and DCA-Net is proposed based on this module. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the network reaches 98%. Compared with other networks, this network has better recognition performance. Among them, the recognition rate of DCA-Net50 reaches 98.214%, the amount of parameters and calculations are relatively small, and the cost-effectiveness is the highest. It is suitable for the human body infrared image recognition system that requires high accuracy and high real-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time monitoring and detection of the fruit carrying for monorail transporter in the mountain orchard are significant for the transporter scheduling and safety. In this paper, we present a fruit carrying monitoring system, including the pan-tilt camera platform, AI edge computing platform, improved detection algorithm and the web client. The system used a pan-tilt camera to capture images of the truck body of the monorail transporter, realizing monitoring of fruit carrying. Besides, we present an improved fruit carrying detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s, taking the "basket", "orange" and "fullbasket" as the object. We introduced the improved attention mechanism E-CBAM (Efficient-Convolutional Block Attention Module) based on CBAM, into the C3 module in the neck network of YOLOv5s. Focal loss was introduced to improve the classification and confidence loss to improve detection accuracy; to deploy the model on the embedded platform better, we compressed the model through the EagleEye pruning algorithm to reduce the parameters and improve the detection speed. The experiment was performed on the custom fruit-carrying datasets, the mAP was 91.5%, which was 9.6%, 9.9% and 12.0% higher than that of Faster-RCNN, RetinaNet-Res50 and YOLOv3-tiny, respectively, and detection speed at Jetson Nano was 72 ms/img. The monitoring system and detection algorithm proposed in the paper can provide technical support for the safe transportation of monorail transporter and scheduling transportation equipment more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During pregnancy, women's bodies undergo rapid body weight and size changes within a relatively short period. Pregnancy may therefore, be associated with an increased vulnerability for developing body image dissatisfaction linked to adverse health outcomes for the mother (e.g., depression, eating disorders) and child (e.g., impaired self-regulation, childhood obesity). The present study aims to examine the prevalence and trajectories of body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy and postpartum and its relationship to pre-pregnancy BMI. This is the first study that investigates prevalence rates of body image dissatisfaction not only ante- but also postpartum, and that compares trajectories of women with normal weight and overweight., Methods: A prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was applied. Healthy pregnant women (N = 136) answered paper-pencil or online questionnaires at four time points (18th-22nd and 33rd-37th week of gestation, 3 and 6 months postpartum). Body image dissatisfaction was assessed using the German version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Both questionnaires are considered reliable and valid measures of several aspects of body image, and the BSQ allows for calculating prevalence rates by providing cut-off values. Using not just one but two body image questionnaires, trajectories of body image dissatisfaction can be compared. Pre-pregnancy BMI was assessed retrospectively via self-reported weight and height., Results: The proportion of women reporting elevated levels of body image dissatisfaction was 6.6% (n = 9) in the second trimester, 2.9% (n = 4) in the third trimester, 11.0% (n = 15) three months postpartum, and 10.3% (n = 14) six months postpartum. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that body image dissatisfaction significantly decreased from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy, remained stable during pregnancy, and returned to pre-pregnancy levels three to six months postpartum. Mixed between-within ANOVA showed that the overweight/obese group reported significantly higher levels of body image dissatisfaction at each measurement point except during the third trimester than women in the normal weight group. Significant but small interaction effects between time and pre-pregnancy BMI were found., Conclusions: The results revealed that approximately every tenth woman is affected by body image dissatisfaction after childbirth. Women with a higher BMI level before pregnancy are particularly at risk of experiencing body image dissatisfaction. Healthcare providers should screen for body image dissatisfaction, in particular after childbirth, and inform affected women about possible adverse health outcomes and treatment options. Study limitations concern the drop-out rate of 51.4% and the retrospective and self-reported assessment of pre-pregnancy BMI. Future studies should include additional assessment points in the first trimester and more than six months postpartum and try to include a matched control group of non-pregnant women to compare prevalence rates and trajectory of body image dissatisfaction., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Linde et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers are having to deal with the negative impact of body image concerns in populations globally. One cost-effective way of promoting healthier body image outcomes is through exposure to natural environments. A growing body of research has shown that spending time in, interacting with, and even just looking at natural environments can promote healthier body image outcomes. In this narrative review, I consider the different forms of evidence documenting an association between nature exposure and body image (i.e., cross-sectional and mediational, experimental and quasi-experimental, comparative, prospective, experience sampling, and qualitative research). Beyond this, I shine a critical light on the available evidence, highlighting concerns with methodological (i.e., who research has focused on and what types of natural environments have been considered), psychometric (i.e., how body image and nature exposure are measured), and conceptual issues (how the association is explained). I conclude that, although there are issues affecting the way the existing body of research is to be understood, there are reasons to be hopeful that nature exposure can be leveraged to promote healthier body image outcomes in diverse populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Health impacts The adverse mental and physical health impacts of stigma are robustly documented and consistent across many different types of stigma, including due to eating disorders, weight, and other aspects of appearance. We encourage papers that enhance understanding of stigma in relation to eating disorders, weight, or body image, with strong interest in studies that include diverse samples, examine intersecting forms of stigma, or analyze stigma at multiple levels. We also invite papers that contribute new knowledge of how stigma affects health and well-being, and that move toward developing and implementing innovative interventions to prevent and reduce stigma for people with eating disorders and body image concerns. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN), is a serious and persistent illness, despite 'state of the art' treatment. Criteria have been theoretically proposed, but not tested, and may not adequately capture illness complexity, which potentially inhibits treatment refinements. The clinical reality of death as an outcome for some people who experience SE-AN (1 in 20) and broadening access to voluntary assisted dying, further complicates the field, which is undeveloped regarding more fundamental concepts such as nosology, treatment, recovery definitions and alternative conceptualisations of SE-AN. The present paper is in response to this and aims to build upon qualitative literature to enhance phenomenological understandings of fatal SE-AN. Method: A published book, being the legacy of a 32-year-old professional artist offers a rich account of a life lived with AN, for 18 years with continuous treatment. A polysemous narrative via the interrelationship between the languages of the artist's words and visual art is translated via interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), offering rich insight into the SE-AN experience. Findings: The process of analysis induced three superordinate themes (1) Disappearing Self (2) Dialectical Dilemma (3) Death and Dying: Finding Meaning. Two cross cutting themes traversed these themes: (a) Colour and (b) Shifting Hope, where the former produced a visual representation via the 'SE-AN Kaleidoscope'. Collectively the themes produce a concept of SE-AN, grounded in the data and depicted visually through the artist's paintings. Conclusions: The picture of SE-AN revealed in the analysis extends upon conceptualisations of SE-AN, highlighting key processes which are thus far under explored. These factors are implicated in illness persistence eliciting opportunities for further research testing including diagnostic considerations and treatment directions. In SE-AN, distorted body image extends to a global distortion in the perception of self. Additional criteria for the severe and enduring stages of illness related to (1) self and identity processes (2) measures of 'global impoverishment' across life domains are proposed for consideration in the future testing of putative defining features of SE-AN. Plain English summary: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious and life-threatening illness. There is a need to understand more about why AN persists in becoming severe and enduring (SE-AN) for some people. One such way to build understanding of a condition is via the stories of those who experience it. This study utilizes a person's unique artistic language to do so. This has the potential to generate new ideas about a condition, especially those that may be beyond words for some people and therefore progress classifications for SE-AN for research and treatment purposes. The artist in this study contributes a unique perspective offering new areas for potential research such as understudied complex psychological processes for example shame, dissociation, 'self', emotional literacy, and anorexia as an identity. Additionally, other factors to be considered in the assessment and classifications of long-term cases of AN as well as an alternative understanding of AN persistence is proposed, beyond the concept of 'body image disturbance'. Alternative treatment approaches such as art therapy are indicated. Note: Contents of this paper may be distressing to people who have lost a loved one to an eating disorder and the following website may provide access to support if any of the content of his paper causes the reader distress: USA - NEDA https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/ UK BEAT https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/ Australia Butterfly https://butterfly.org.au/ or Lifeline - which is an international organisation with local websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the relationship between body image, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and weight-loss intention among college students, offering insights to promote healthy and confident lifestyle habits. Methods: Undergraduate students from western China were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical software. Results: (1) Body image showed a significantly positive correlation with selfefficacy and self-esteem but a negative correlation with weight-loss intention. Self-efficacy exhibited a significantly positive correlation with self-esteem and a negative correlation with weight-loss intention, while self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with weight-loss intention. (2) Body image directly impacted weight-loss intention [Effect Size (ES) = -0.120]. Self-efficacy (ES = -0.069) and self-esteem (ES = -0.119) played significant mediating roles between body image and weight-loss intention, respectively. (3) The chained intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem also reached significance (ES = -0.038). Conclusion: Body image conducts effect on the degree of weight-loss intention among college students through direct ways or indirect ways such as the intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem, and also the chained intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem is another key factors affecting college students' weight-loss intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of research on tiltrotor multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (TM-UAVs) in aerial robotics. Despite the varying frame types of TM-UAVs, they all still aim to decouple the propeller from the body, which means that the propeller's attitude control is independent of the body's attitude control. On the one hand, this solves the issue of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (M-UAVs) being limited by small roll and pitch angles, thereby improving flight performance. On the other hand, it addresses the drawbacks of M-UAVs as typical underactuated systems. However, the fact still remains that it cannot significantly change thrust direction, thus providing the necessary wrench direction for aerial manipulation. This paper presents a pitch-axis tiltrotor quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design named Tilt-X, which can maximize horizontal pulling force and yaw moment when used as an aerial manipulator. This design contributes to tasks such as pushing, pulling, and twisting. The reliability of the design has been demonstrated through dynamic modeling and experimental validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing deep learning techniques for the semantic segmentation of remote sensing images has emerged as a prevalent approach for acquiring information about water bodies. Yet, current models frequently fall short in accurately extracting water bodies from high-resolution remote sensing images, as these images often present intricate details of terrestrial objects and complex backgrounds. Vegetation, shadows, and other objects close to water boundaries have increased similarity to water bodies. Moreover, water bodies in high-resolution images have different boundary complexities, shapes, and sizes. This situation makes it somewhat challenging to accurately distinguish water bodies in high-resolution images. To overcome these difficulties, this paper presents a novel network model named EU-Net, specifically designed to extract water bodies from high-resolution remote sensing images. The proposed EU-Net model, with U-net as the backbone network, incorporates improved residual connections and attention mechanisms, and designs multi-scale dilated convolution and multi-scale feature fusion modules to enhance water body extraction performance in complex scenarios. Specifically, in the proposed model, improved residual connections are introduced to enable the learning of more complex features; the attention mechanism is employed to improve the model's discriminative ability by focusing on important channels and spatial areas. The implemented multi-scale dilated convolution technique enhances the model's receptive field while maintaining the same number of parameters. The designed multi-scale feature fusion module is capable of processing both small-scale details and large-scale structures in images, while simultaneously modeling the spatial context relationships of features at different scales. Experimental results validate the superior performance of EU-Net in accurately identifying water bodies from high-resolution remote sensing images, outperforming current models in terms of water extraction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]