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It has been more than two decades since the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; 1997) included language about the use of functional behavior assessments (FBAs) and behavior intervention plans (BIPs) to address the challenging behaviors of students with disabilities in schools. It has been more than ten years since three technical adequacy studies were published that evaluated school-based FBAs' and BIPs' inclusion of essential components and found them to be significantly lacking. The aims of this study were to expand upon the previous research by (a) establishing the psychometric properties of the FBA/BIP Technical Adequacy Evaluation Tool (TATE), (b) evaluating the technical adequacy of 135 completed FBAs and 129 BIPs from 13 school districts across a single state, and (c) comparing the findings to previous studies. The results showed that (a) the TATE has moderate but acceptable internal consistency, excellent inter-rater reliability, and good content validity, (b) the technical adequacy scores of the evaluated products ranged between 40% and 50% of the total components, and (c) most of the BIPs had similar flaws to those seen in the previous research; however, improvement was noted in the FBA components. The implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observational methodology system has been designed which allows the observation and analysis of the technical-tactical behaviour and interaction of judokas during competition. The observation instrument (JUTACTIC) is composed of 8 fixed criteria that provide information related to the competition and the competitors and 13 variable criteria that, throughout the intrasessional monitoring of each combat, allow the behaviour displayed by both judokas and their interaction to be recorded. From an observational sample consisting of matches from the Rio 2016 Olympic champions and the corresponding samples made using the LINCE PLUS software, evidence of validity, reliability, generalizability and applicability of the observation system is provided. The content validity of the observation instrument has been endorsed by a panel of experts (n = 11). Intra and inter-observer reliability has been guaranteed from the results obtained in the Fleiss Kappa and the Krippendorff Alpha. The generalizability analysis with the design structure [Category] [Participants] / [Matches] has confirmed that around seven matches are needed to accurately analyse the behaviour of the competitor under study. The practical application possibilities of the observation instrument has been shown with an example of the results obtained and the regular behaviour structures detected (T-patterns) using the THEME software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study validated the Japanese version of the Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder‐Rating Scale‐5 (ADHD‐RS‐5) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. We extended the ADHD‐RS‐5 by adding the oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder subscales to compare the two rating scales psychometrically. Methods: We examined the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the two rating scales in 135 Japanese outpatients aged 6–18 years. Results: The internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were good for all the subscales of the two rating scales except for the conduct disorder subscale of the ADHD‐RS‐5 extended. Good construct validity was revealed by expected correlational patterns between subscales from the two rating scales and the Children Behavior Checklist. The criterion validity was good for all the subscales of the two rating scales rated by parents, while teacher‐ratings revealed substantially lower predictive ability for all the subscales. Agreement between parent‐ and teacher‐ratings of the two rating scales was generally moderate and using predictive ratings alone of both ratings showed the best predictive ability among the integration methods examined. Conclusion: The two rating scales have sound psychometric properties and will aid in screening and severity assessment of externalizing disorders in Japanese clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey protocols measuring financial knowledge typically offer a don't know (DK) response option along with factual statements about personal finance. The potential problem of this practice is that a DK response could capture something other than financial knowledge and mislead empirical research on the association between financial knowledge and behavioral outcomes. In this study, we examined whether the current scales are contaminated by systemic personality effects and how reduced validity influences analytical modeling of the knowledge effect. Two studies with different national datasets were conducted in this investigation. Study 1 found that personality types and emotions are partially correlated with the propensity to give a DK response. Study 2 showed that controlling for DK response options alters the association between financial knowledge and behaviors in regression analyses. Our findings suggest that a DK response reduces construct validity of the financial knowledge score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Problem behaviours in cats, such as scratching, urine marking, inter-cat cohabitation issues, and fear, are a welfare problem for both cat and caregiver. The aim of this study was to develop a new Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) to assess and monitor these behaviours in cats. The validity and reliability testing of the CABIAS undertaken in this study demonstrated that it could be a valuable tool for the assessment of these problem behaviours in cats. The level of agreement between different caregivers assessing the same cat was excellent. This CABIAS might be a useful tool for caregivers to assess and monitor these problem behaviours in cats. The CABIAS could also be used as a clinical tool by veterinarians and behaviourists when assessing problem behaviours in cats and monitoring responses to treatment. Problem behaviours in cats, such as urine marking, scratching, fear, and problems of cohabitation between cats, can present a potential welfare problem for those affected cats and have a negative impact on the human–animal bond. The aim of this study was to develop a Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) for caregivers to assess these common problem behaviours in cats, and to investigate aspects of the validity and reliability of the CABIAS. The CABIAS uses an index score as a scoring system combining aspects of the frequency and intensity of the problem behaviour. An electronic survey was developed, and 384 households, each with two participants able to observe the cat's behaviour, were recruited for the study. The participants were asked to record their cat's behaviour independently at weekly intervals over a 6-week period. A FELIWAY Optimum diffuser (containing a commercial feline pheromone complex) was provided to half of the participants, to be used during part of the study. The participants were subdivided into four groups according to whether a problem behaviour was present (or not) and whether the pheromone diffuser was provided (or not). The results demonstrated that the index scores for each problem behaviour had very high inter-rater reliability. There was a high correlation between the index scores and the impact the problem behaviours had on the caregivers. In those cats with a declared problem behaviour where the product was used, a reduction in index scores was observed over the duration of the study. The CABIAS was shown to exhibit satisfactory validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change in the current study, suggesting that it may be valuable as a tool for assessing and monitoring scratching, inter-cat cohabitation, urine marking, and fear in cats. The CABIAS could be used by veterinarians and behaviourists to assess these problem behaviours in individual cats and monitor responses to treatment. The CABIAS could also be considered as a research tool to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving) is a recently developed gaming tool for objective assessment of goal-directed behavior and prospective memory (PM) in everyday contexts. This pre-registered study examined psychometric features of a new EPELI adult online version, modified from the original child version and further developed for self-administered web-based testing at home. A sample of 255 healthy adults completed EPELI where their task was to perform household chores instructed by a virtual character. The participants also filled out PM-related questionnaires and a diary and performed two conventional PM tasks and an intelligence test. We expected that the more "life-like" EPELI task would show stronger associations with conventional PM questionnaires and diary-based everyday PM reports than traditional PM tasks would do. This hypothesis did not receive support. Although EPELI was rated as more similar to everyday tasks, performance in it was not associated with the questionnaires and the diary. However, there were associations between time-monitoring behavior in EPELI and the traditional PM tasks. Taken together, online adult-EPELI was found to be a reliable method with high ecological face validity, but its convergent validity requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We analyzed some factors affecting performance reliability of the human behavior in green architecture construction engineering. • We looked the humans and their environment as a whole system to establish the individual performance reliability model. • A novel method for factor validity and reliability performance analysis of the human behavior in green architecture construction engineering is presented. • The presented detailed method and steps can help us to know the influence of green architecture construction management and the environment. • The key factors to improve the reliability of the whole system can be found by the presented method. The factor validity and reliability performance analysis of the human cognitive behavior in green sustainable construction system has a great significant in safeguarding the quality and safety. At first, this paper analyzes factors affecting performance reliability of the human cognitive behavior in green sustainable construction system, and looks the humans and their environment as a whole system to establish the individual performance reliability model based on the Markov chain analysis method. Then, a novel hybrid computational intelligence method for factor validity and reliability performance analysis of the human cognitive behavior in green sustainable construction system is presented. The presented detailed method and steps can help us to know the influence of green construction management and the environment and find the key factors to improve the reliability of the whole system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug addiction problems have been identified as one of the high-risk factors closely linked to suicidal behaviour. Early detection of suicidal intent among addicts is important to ensure they do not take actions that could result in death. Accordingly, this study aimed to Suicidal Ideation Behaviour Assessment (SIBA) instruments specifically among 123 treated addicts in Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC), Besut. Based on those statements, the main objective of this study was to determine the content validity of SIBA instruments for using the content validation Ratio (CVR) method. Subjects that were involved in conducting the trial of the instruments were 8 experts from UniSZA, UPSI and UMT. The instrument validation process involved 40 items from four components. The previous study found that the instrument had high validity with the minimum level of CVR value (N=8, CVR = 0.88). Generally, all items were identified with values above 0.63 rated acceptable and no item has been rejected occur. The result showed that the instrument is appropriate, relevant, has the potential to be a good content validity and proved that SIBA has a great potential to be promoted as a good instrument. This study was conducted to detect intoxication of their suicidal ideation among drug addicts. This psychometric instrument is developed based on the situation in Malaysia. This study is expected to make a significant contribution to the government, especially the CCRC in assisting addicts with suicidal ideation behaviour by providing better attention and psychosocial support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementation science has scant evidence of how dietary guidelines can be developed into actionable behavior-change messages and even less evidence on their motivating potential and perceived effect on behavior. This may explain the widening gap between nutrition science and individual behavior and the low uptake of dietary recommendations by the population for which they are intended. This study aimed to: (i) assess participant receptivity and acceptance of behavior-change messages; (ii) determine if the behavior-change strategies used in the messages and the main theme they relayed influenced participant evaluation of the messages; (iii) explore if evaluations varied by participants' stage of behavior-change; and (iv) elucidate reasons for non-compliance with the messages.Methods: An online survey was used to test the face validity and participant receptivity of 28 behavior-change messages, among a diverse sample of 2400 adult Brazilians. Participants' understanding of the messages, message likeability and convincingness, and the probability that participants would change behavior in accordance with the message were measured, along with reasons for non-compliance.Results: The mean overall scores suggested that participants liked the messages, understood them, and found them convincing. As expected, the probability of complying with the messages scored lower compared to other study outcomes. Messages about shopping practices, cooking practices, and planning and organization performed better than those on other themes. Participants were more receptive to messages that included behavior-change strategies like goals, social identity, and pleasure, however, the probability of compliance was higher for messages with constructs that emphasized health and cost consequences. Participants trying to change their diet or seeking resources to support healthier dietary choices had greater engagement with and receptivity to the messages. Time and effort, and high costs associated with making healthy changes, were barriers to compliance.Conclusions: Messages may help improve individual understanding, stimulate interest in a topic and get participants engaged, particularly if messages are goal-oriented and highlight the pleasure and collective identity of these food-related behaviors. However, messages stop short of addressing the structural, social, and economic barriers to healthy diets. These aspects will need to be targeted through legislative action for sustainable behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Autism Behavior Inventory (ABI) is an observer-reported outcome scale measuring core and associated features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Extensive scale development (reported elsewhere) took place, in alignment with the Food and Drug Administration's patient-reported outcome guidance, to address the need for instruments to measure change and severity of ASD symptoms.Methods: Cognitive interviewing was used to confirm understanding and content validity of the scale prior to its use in clinical trials. Respondents were caregivers of individuals with ASD (N = 50). Interviews used a hybrid of the "think-aloud" and verbal probing approach to assess ABI's content validity and participant understanding of the instrument, including: item clarity and relevance; item interpretation; appropriateness of response scales; and clarity of instructions. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed for qualitative data analysis. The scale was revised based on participant feedback and tested in a second round of interviews (round 1 N = 38, round 2 N = 12).Results: In total, 67/70 items reached ≥ 90% understandability across participants. Caregivers were able to select an appropriate response from the options available and reported finding the examples helpful. Based on participant feedback, instructions were simplified, 8 items were removed, and 10 items were reworded. The final revised 62-item scale was presented in round 2, where caregivers reported readily understanding the instructions, response options, and 61/62 items reached ≥ 90% understandability.Conclusions: Cognitive interviews with caregivers of a diverse sample of individuals with ASD confirm the content validity and relevance of the ABI to assess core and associated symptoms of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correlated trait–correlated method minus one was used to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity of Social Competence Behavior Evaluation questionnaire (Social Competence, Anger-Aggression, Anxiety-Withdrawal) between multiple raters. A total of 369 children (173 boys and 196 girls; M age = 55.85, SD age = 11.54) were rated by their mothers, fathers, and teachers. Results showed more convergence between parents than parent-teacher ratings. Mother-teacher share a common view of child behavior that is not shared with father. Parents had more difficulty distinguishing internalizing and externalizing behaviors (especially fathers). Measurement invariance across child sex was explored, results imply that differences between boys and girls were not due to measure. Girls (compare to boys) were described as more social competent by their fathers and teachers, while boys as more aggressive by mothers and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative behaviour in today's environment is one of the most important aspects of ensuring innovation in an organization. Although there are several measurement instruments that have been developed to assess innovative behaviours, a good validity instruments are still lacking and limited. In this regard, this study aimed to test the validity of content validity of innovative behaviours measurement instruments specifically for teachers in Malaysia using the Content Validation Ratio (CVR) method to ensure that measurement instruments are appropriate for use in local contexts and cultures. The research is in the form of a written and online survey. Eleven experts in the field of innovation were selected through purposive sampling techniques consisting of nine professionals and two field experts who are still active in the Public University of Malaysia and the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The instrument validation process involved 34 items from four constructs. The quantitative study found that the instrument had good content validity with 27 items reaching the minimum level of CVR value (N = 11, CVRcritical= 0.636). Four items that do not meet the minimum CVR value will be purged while the remaining three items will be dropped from the instrument. The entire remaining 31 items will be purified as final instruments. The qualitative findings of the study found that the instrument is appropriate and relevant and has the potential to be a good instrument for measuring innovative behaviour among teachers. It is proposed that pilot studies be conducted, and the data should be analysed using more in-depth statistical analysis such as Rasch Model to obtain more detailed information about the items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Journal of Educational Research, Assessment & Evaluation / Revista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa is the property of RELIEVE - Revista Electonica de Investigacion y Evaluacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper constitutes a pilot study of a novel measure for assessing proneness to guilt and proneness to shame, Inventář tendence k vině a hanbě (ITVAH, Inventory of Proneness to Guilt and Shame). ITVAH is a scenario-based method distinguishing affective and behavioural components of guilt and shame and also considering the private or public experience of guilt and shame, respectively. Two items (affective and behavioural reaction) were created for each of the 16 scenarios, resulting in total of 32 items. A four-factor measurement model was assumed – Negative behaviour evaluation (NBE), Reparation, Negative self-evaluation (NSE), Withdrawal. Next, we assumed negative correlations of NSE and Withdrawal with self-esteem and self-forgiveness and positive correlations of NBE and Reparation with self-forgiveness. The pilot study was carried out on 249 Czech-speaking adults (67 % women, aged 18–75, Md = 22). An ordinal confirmatory factor analysis with residual covariances between items connected to the same scenarios was conducted. The hypothesized four-factor model was found acceptable. However, we found limited evidence for the hypothesized relationships with self-esteem and self-forgiveness – in contrast to theoretical expectations we found a medium-strong negative relationship between self-forgiveness and affective component of guilt. For further use of the measure in the Czech and Slovak environment it is necessary to assess additional evidence of construct validity and concurrent validity with The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Utena's Brief Objective Measures (UBOM) was developed to assess psychophysiological functions proximal to real‐world functioning in individuals with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), to facilitate shared decision‐making. However, the validity of UBOM has not been fully examined. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study to evaluate the validity of each of the three tests in UBOM: UBOM‐Pulse, UBOM‐Ruler, and UBOM‐Random. We investigated associations: (i) between UBOM and existing cognitive‐ and autonomic‐function tests; and (ii) between UBOM and daily social functioning. The participants included SCZ individuals and healthy controls. We evaluated the cognitive and autonomic function using UBOM, the heart rate variability test, the simple reaction time test, and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese version. We also assessed the daily social functioning using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the modified Global Assessment of Functioning, Japanese version. Results: Thirty‐one SCZ individuals and 35 healthy control individuals participated in this study. In the SCZ group, UBOM‐Ruler was significantly associated with the Cognition and Getting Along domains of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. UBOM‐Random was significantly associated with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia's Working Memory, Verbal Fluency and Attention domains, and the modified Global Assessment of Functioning in the SCZ group. Conclusion: The validity of the current version of UBOM is imperfect and further improvements will be necessary to attain the originally intended goal of developing a brief assessment tool for real‐world functioning in SCZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations face challenges of screening applicants for critical skills to serve in expert staff positions requiring interactions with line managers. Such positions require a special set of cognitive and interpersonal competencies. This study investigates the psychometric qualities of a new behavioral assessment method in use in an applied setting. Using data from a group of 219 finalists for positions in a large Iranian steel company, it examined the validity and fairness of the method in relation to other test and demographic information. Results showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity and no discrimination against women or older candidates. The study contributes to a clearer understanding of expert competencies and a practical method for assessing and training such competencies. Next steps and future needs are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, multiple measures are obtained for variables said to constitute the normative and attitudinal components of Fishbein's behavioral intention model. The convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the model is assessed by use of structural equation models with latent variables. This approach has several advantages over past approaches in which single measures and regression or path analysis have been used to assess the model's validity. In general the results support a model in which a single attitude construct and a single normative construct are antecedents of intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do behavioral measures of ecological lifestyles reflect actual environmental impact? Three convenience samples of German adults (N = 881) completed such a measure, the General Ecological Behavior (GEB) scale. Their household electricity consumption was self-reported (Study 1), assessed by a smart-meter (Study 2), or reported by the power company (Study 3). The latter two studies controlled for income, which can boost consumption just as it opens possibilities for behaving ecologically. Within and across studies, analyses revealed a negative association between self-reported ecological behavior and electricity consumption (−.18 ≤ rs ≤ −.22), even with adjustment for income. Furthermore, customers in a green electricity program reported more ecological engagement and consumed one third less electricity than did regular customers. These results indicate the criterion validity of the GEB scale for a highly practically relevant criterion and encourage the use of generic behavior measures in efforts to understand and foster more ecological lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The aim of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) is to gather a comprehensive profile of neonatal functioning by describing the full range of neonatal behavior, including competencies and strengths, as well as difficulties or deviations. This instrument has proved to be of great clinical value by detecting infants at risk for later developmental problems. This work was conducted methodologically with the aim of a Turkish validity and reliability study of the BNBAS. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in Turkey. After establishing content and language validity, the BNBAS was applied to 380 newborns aged 1–3 days and test–retest analysis was performed for 60 newborns 52–55 days later in the first phase. The validity and reliability study of the BNBAS included behavior and support subscales, while reflex items were not included. Results: In the study, 5 items were excluded from the original BNBAS after the factor analysis. Cronbach alpha was found as 0.974 (30 items). The behavior subscale consisted of 23 items and the support subscale consisted of 7 items. Newborns showed good overall tone and activity level and low amounts of irritable behavior. Conclusion: It may be recommended to use the BNBAS as a valid and reliable measurement tool in neonatal behavioral evaluation by physicians and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adoption of self-care behaviors by the person with diabetes is an outcome-determining factor, and education for self-care is an effective nursing intervention within this context. Objectives: To develop and validate the Therapeutic Education for Diabetes Self-Care Behavior Scale. Methodology: This methodological study was conducted on a sample of 104 nurses working in primary health care. The international guidelines were followed in the development and validation of the scale. Results: The analysis of the reliability of the six dimensions (healthy eating, being active, monitoring, taking medication, problem solving and healthy coping, and reducing risks) showed Cronbach’s α values ranging between 0.768 and 0.933. Correlation matrices (p>0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures greater than 0.7 in all dimensions/subscales ensure reasonable adequacy of the factorial model of each dimension (subscale). Conclusion: The multidimensional scale is valid and reliable for assessing the frequency with which nurses provide therapeutic education on self-care behaviors to the person with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a widely used model for developing elementary nutrition education programs; however, few instruments are available to assess the impact of such programs on the main constructs of the SCT. The purposes of this study were: 1) to develop and validate a SCT-based survey instrument that focuses on knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy for fifth grade students; 2) to assess the relationships between knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy; and 3) to assess knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy for healthy eating among the fifth grade students. Methods: A 40-item instrument was developed and validated using content validity and tested among 98 fifth grade students for internal consistency reliability. Relationships between knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy were assessed using Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Differences in behavior and knowledge scores between children with high and low self-efficacy were examined using t-test. Results: Cronbach's alphas for self-efficacy (0.70) and behavior (0.71) subscales of the survey were acceptable, although lower for knowledge (0.56). Summary scores for self-efficacy and behaviors were positively correlated (r = 0.40, P = 0.0001); however, summary knowledge scores were not associated with self-efficacy (r = 0.02, P = 0.88) or behavior scores (r = 0.14, P = 0.23). Participants with high self-efficacy also had significantly higher scores on consuming fruits (P = 0.0009) and dairy products (P = 0.009), eating breakfast (P = 0.008), helping plan family meals (P = 0.0006) and total behaviors for healthy-eating (P = 0.001) compared to those with low self-efficacy. In addition, approximately two thirds of the fifth grade students reported that they did not eat any fruits or vegetables or ate them only once on a typical day. Conclusions: The developed instrument is a reliable and useful tool to assess SCT-based elementary nutrition education programs, particularly for self-efficacy and behavior. Our results also indicated that strategic interventions are necessary to improve dietary behaviors regarding fruit and vegetable consumptions among elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To improve the implementation of innovations in healthcare settings, it is important to understand factors influencing healthcare professionals' behaviors. We aimed to develop a generic questionnaire in English and in Dutch assessing the 14 domains of behavioral determinants from the revised TDF (Cane et al., 2012) that can be tailored to suit different targets, actions, contexts, and times of interest, and to investigate questionnaire items' discriminant content validity. Methods We identified existing questionnaires including items assessing constructs within TDF domains and developed new items where needed. Nineteen judges allocated 79 items to one or more TDF domains. One-sample t-tests were used to examine the discriminant content validity of each item, i.e., whether items measured intended domains or whether items measured a combination of domains. Results We identified items judged to discriminately measure 11 out of 14 domains. Items measuring the domains Reinforcement, Goals, and Behavioral regulation were judged to measure a combination of domains. Conclusions We have developed a questionnaire in English and in Dutch able to discriminately assess the majority of TDF domains. The results partly support Cane et al.'s (2012) 14-domain validation of the TDF and suggest that Michie et al.'s (2005) 12-domain original version might be more applicable in developing a TDF-based questionnaire. The identified items provide a robust basis for developing a questionnaire to measure TDF-based determinants of healthcare professionals' implementation behaviors to suit different targets, actions, contexts, and times. Future research should investigate the concurrent and predictive validity and reliability of such a questionnaire in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection from diverse groups of applicants poses the formidable challenge of developing valid selection procedures that simultaneously add value, do not discriminate unfairly and which minimise adverse impact. Valid selection procedures used in a fair, non-discriminatory manner that optimises utility, however, very often result in adverse impact against members of protected groups. More often than not, the assessment techniques used for selection are blamed for this. The conventional interpretation of adverse impact results in an erroneous diagnosis of the fundamental causes of the under-representation of protected group members and, consequently, in an inappropriate treatment of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an empirical study of the content validity of a Structured Behavioural Interview (SBI). The study was based on 11 experts' ratings, using a method proposed by Lawshe (1975). A significant Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was found for 4 out of 14 questions and for 4 out of 10 general dimensions. A Content Validity Index (CVI) of .86 was obtained for the significant dimensions as a whole and of .68 for the questions. Additionally, reliability was estimated by using the coefficient of agreement between raters (6 or 12) and the result was .78, similar to the .75 value obtained in meta-analyses by Conway, Jako and Goodman (1995) and by Salgado and Moscoso (1995). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental dimension of the concept of sustainability has become a topic that has been frequently researched in the fields of psychology, sociology and organisational behaviour. Designed on the basis of previous studies, this study aims at explaining pro-environmental behaviour based on ecological worldviews of individuals and goals that the individuals desire to achieve with their environmental knowledge. Accordingly, two separate experimental studies, consisting of 109 high school students and 236 college students, were designed. Participants' level of knowledge was manipulated through environmental training, while their personal goals were manipulated so as to create certain conditions in order to lead individuals to achieve specific goals. The ecological worldviews of students were obtained by means of the new ecological paradigm scale. The validity of this scale was tested in two samples with multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explain pro-environmental behaviour which was determined as 'dropping litter in to a recycle bin' in the first study and 'participating in an environmental event' in the second study. As a result of the first study, it was observed that one-unit change in the post-training views of the individual increases the probability by 11.1 times in exhibiting pro-environmental behaviour. Furthermore, the results showed that 'gain-goals' oriented individuals would exhibit pro-environmental behaviour 7.3 times more than those in the control group and 'normative-goals' oriented individuals would exhibit pro-environmental behaviour 3.5 times greater than those in the control group. It was estimated that the students who had environmental training would exhibit pro-environmental behaviour 2 times more than those who without. It was determined that environmental training had a significant effect only on voluntary behaviour when pro-environmental behaviour was classified as voluntary, gain or normative goal oriented behaviours. Accordingly, it was also estimated that the individuals who had environmental training would exhibit voluntary pro-environmental behaviour 4.7 times more than those who did not have any training. Training and goal-frames were treated to the subjects, so real responses of the subjects could be examined to the environmental training and goal-frame stimulation. So the main contribution of this research to the literature is enabling observation real pro-environmental behaviour of individuals in terms of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault diagnosis and maintenance of a whole-building system is a complex task to perform. A wide range of available building fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools are only capable of performing fault detection using behavioral constraints analysis. However, the validity of the detected symptom is always questionable. In this work, we introduce the concept of the contextual test with validity constraints, in the context of building fault diagnostics. Thanks to a common formalization of the proposed heterogeneous tests, rule-, range-, and model-based tests can be combined in the same diagnostic analysis that reduces the whole-building modeling effort. The proposed methodology comprises the minimum diagnostic explanation feature that can significantly improve the knowledge of the building facility manager. A bridge diagnosis approach is used to describe the multiple fault scenarios. The proposed methodology is validated on an experimental building called the center for studies and design of prototypes (CECP) building located in Angers, France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]