2,073 results
Search Results
2. Marginal lands: a review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 1979-2022.
- Author
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Jumaniyazov, Ilyaskhoja, Juliev, Mukhiddin, Reymov, Mamanbek, Orazbaev, Azizbek, Reimov, Temurbek, and Bekanov, Kuatbay
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *DATABASES , *ARABLE land , *WASTE lands , *LAND degradation , *LAND cover - Abstract
A marginal land definition is a contemporary scientific term that is constantly changing and unstoppable. There are many ways in which marginal lands are referred to, unproductive lands, including waste lands, unutilized lands, idle lands, abandoned lands, or degraded land. In the present research, we tried to collect all Scopus-based publications in English from 1979 to 2022 years using crucial keywords: Marginal lands, Land degradation, and Agricultural land. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, top-cited years, etc. A common way to identify ML is to use biophysical constraints related to agricultural productivity or bioenergy. For instance, using a multi-criteria decision approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, combined data on land use/land cover (LULC), slope, soil depth, erosion, moisture, water holding capacity, texture, and availability of nutrient to study the land suitability for agriculture in hilly zones. There is a high potential for applying remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) for the mapping and monitoring of marginal lands. In addition, the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in other disciplines around the world is significantly high. In contrast, in this research work, we find out that the usage scale of RS and GIS technologies is not common all around the world on the given marginal land issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Titles and Abstracts of Papers Baltimore, 1918
- Published
- 1919
4. Recent Parliamentary Papers
- Published
- 1898
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. O Grady Papers
- Author
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MacLysaght, Edward
- Published
- 1944
6. Use of Paper-mill Wastes on Agricultural Soils: Is This a Way to Reduce Nitrate Leaching?
- Author
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Holger Kirchmann and Lars Bergström
- Subjects
Chemistry ,business.industry ,Soil Science ,Paper mill ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,Nitrate ,Agriculture ,Soil water ,Water treatment ,Fiber ,Arable land ,Leaching (agriculture) ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The term paper-mill waste is used for different products: de-inked fiber sludge, primary fiber sludge, secondary sludge and mixtures. The aim of this study was to find out if any of these materials can be safely used on agricultural soils to induce net N immobilization of N, and thereby decrease nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching. Chemical characterization showed that secondary sludge derived from biological waste water treatment was a nutrient-rich material low in fiber content, whereas primary and de-inked fiber sludge were high in fiber content and low in nutrient content. Cellulose-C and hemi-cellulose-C amounted to 46% and 36% of the organic C present, respectively, and C/N ratios were around 130 in primary and de-inked fiber sludge. Incubation studies at 8°C over 2 months showed that the decomposability of primary and de-inked fiber sludge in soil was not significantly different. Both showed lower decomposability than secondary sludge. Concentrations of inorganic N in soil declined to very low levels after application of primary and deinked fiber sludge and their capacity for net N immobilization was 4.8-7.2 kg N t - 1 C added at 5°C. However, contents of Cu, Cd and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in de-inked fiber sludge limit its use on arable land. Only primary fiber sludge was found to be suitable as a introgen catch fiber material for use on agricultural soils.
- Published
- 2003
7. Alerts for policy makers extracted from papers published during 2014 in volume 6 of food security
- Author
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Richard Strange
- Subjects
Food security ,business.industry ,Agricultural diversification ,Development ,Public relations ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Poverty trap ,Agricultural economics ,Agriculture ,Economics ,Weather insurance ,Arable land ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Productivity ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Pressure on land in Kenya: T. S. Jayne and Milu Myanga draw attention to the sharp decline in productivity in Kenya when populations rise above 600–650 persons per km. They suggest that there is scope for promoting equitable access to arable land that is still unutilized through investment in infrastructure (pp. 399–421). 2. Soil fertility and persistent food insecurity: Emma Stephens and associates draw attention to the poverty trap engendered by low soil fertility and consequent low productivity and food insecurity (pp. 423–439). 3. Socio-economic and political factors in relation to drought vulnerability: Elisabeth Simelton and associates show that rice, wheat and maize production in middle income countries are particularly vulnerable to drought. Moreover, vulnerability was greater in authoritarian regimes and flawed democracies than hybrid regimes and full democracies (pp. 163–179). 4. Land and water availability in India: M. Dinesh Kumar and co-authors point out that there is a mismatch between the availability of arable land and water. They suggest as correctives, the judicious investment in surface water projects which encourage direct irrigation, replenishment of over-exploited aquifers, better use of green water and a shift to low water consuming crops (pp. 539–556). 5. Rainfall variability: Mintewab Bezabih and Salvatore Di Falco found that the uncertainty of rainfall prevented farmers from choosing high risk—high return crops and suggest that this could be mitigated by weather insurance policies and crop diversification (pp. 557–567).
- Published
- 2015
8. LAND USE FOR ANIMAL FEED IN ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 2013-2022.
- Author
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POPESCU, Agatha, TINDECHE, Cristina, MARCUTA, Alina, MARCUTA, Liviu, HONTUS, Adelaida, and STANCIU, Mirela
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,ANIMAL feeds ,ANIMAL nutrition ,ROOT crops ,GRASSLANDS ,SOIL conservation - Abstract
The goal of the paper is to analyze the land use as cultivated area and grasslands for producing animal feed in Romania in the interval 2013-2022 utilizing the data from National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and Eurostat. The dynamics was highlighted as graphical trend lines, regression equations and R square, fixed basis and structural indices reflecting the changes across the time. The results showed that the surface with green forages in arable land was 847,978 ha in 2022 representing 10.59% of the total cultivated area and also reflected a reduction by 1.26% versus 2013. The perennial forages covered 675,207 ha in 2022 (+3.7% vs. 2013). Alfalfa accounted for a larger surface with a share of 62.52% in 2022(vs. 52.39% in 2013), while the clover area decreased its weight from 18.5% to 14.2%. In 2022, annual green forages covered 179,952 ha, by 13.35% less than in 2023. Fodder maize was cultivated on only 48,634 ha in 2022 (-13.36% vs. 2013) and root crops on only 3,033 ha, a surface smaller by 79.32% in 2022. The declined is justify by the negative influence of climate change which reduced forage production and also by the decreasing trend in livestock. Romania has also 5,172,800 ha grasslands, coming on the 3rd position in the EU after France and Germany. This area plays an important role in animal nutrition at a lower cost, in soil conservation, mitigating the effects of climate change, preserving biodiversity and the beauty of the landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
9. Responses of invertebrates to paper sludge application to soil
- Author
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Trevor G. Piearce and George C Boone
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Soil biology ,Soil Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Agronomy ,biology.animal ,Environmental science ,Moorland ,Lumbricidae ,Arable land ,Soil fertility ,Lumbricus terrestris ,Waste disposal ,Invertebrate - Abstract
An area of sandy arable soil which had been treated with paper sludge (200 t ha−1) was found to support a much greater abundance of lumbricid earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Octolasion cyaneum, endogeic species) at the end of an exceptionally dry summer than adjacent untreated soil. In soil selection tests the endogeic A. rosea showed no discrimination between arable soil with and without paper sludges produced by two different processes. It did, however, strongly select sandy moorland soil which had been treated with either paper sludge, and had a pH near 7, over unamended moorland soil of pH 3.9. Similar responses were observed for the herbivorous gastropod Helix aspersa. The anecic lumbricid Lumbricus terrestris drew substantial amounts of both kinds of paper sludge into its burrow, although comparatively slowly compared with decaying leaf material. Helix aspersa readily consumed one of the two sludges. Implications of sludge application for faunal abundance and diversity, and likely effects on soil fertility, are outlined.
- Published
- 1998
10. The future of european agriculture: food, energy, paper and the environment
- Author
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Lars Christersson
- Subjects
Pollution ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biomass ,Forestry ,engineering.material ,Biotechnology ,Environmental protection ,Agriculture ,Food energy ,Food processing ,engineering ,Production (economics) ,Business ,Fertilizer ,Arable land ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,media_common - Abstract
European agriculture must progress towards a more multi-faceted utilization of different types of land in order to conserve arable land and thereby food production. The simultaneous production of food, energy and fibres appears economically viable . This also provides a solution to environmental problems of the community. The utilization of waste products as fertilizer when cultivating biomass should be done in such a way that we remain able to return rapidly to full-scale food production if unexpected developments occur. Thus crops chose must be able to be replaced rapidly by grain or pasture on land which has not experienced a loss of fertility or pollution by heavy metals.
- Published
- 1994
11. THE APPLICABILITY OF FARMS IN ROMANIA REGARDING THE ECO-SCHEME "PD-04 ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL PRACTICES APPLICABLE IN ARABLE LAND".
- Author
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STOICEA, Paula, BĂȘA, Adrian Gheorghe, and DUȘA, Elena Mirela
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,CROPS ,AGRICULTURE ,FIELD crops ,CROP rotation ,ARABLE land - Abstract
"European Green Architecture" refers to the implementation of sustainable agriculture that provides sufficient food and ecosystem services for both present and future generations. The conditions contained in eco-scheme PD-04 "Environmentally friendly practices for arable land" refer to the introduction of agricultural practices that have a positive impact on the environment and are aimed at farms with an area of more than 10.01 ha. The data was provided by the Agency for Payments and Interventions in Agriculture in Romania. The method of analysis was the comparative method, as well as the analysis of the structure of the cultivated and non-cultivated areas, the average for each county of Romania, the situation of the structure of the crops and the presence of nitrogen-fixing crops and protein crops, relevant indicators for the farms that applied for the PD-0 eco-scheme. The results of the analysis show that in 2023, the number of farms in Romania that have applied for the PD-04 eco-scheme is 46,608, with a total area of 5,789,746.35 ha, of which 2,934 were declared as uncultivated land, corresponding to 26,829.82 ha. According to the general agronomic rules, the crop rotation for field crops aims at an optimal crop structure as follows: 25% cereal straw, 25% maize, 25% legumes (soybeans, peas, beans, etc.) and sunflowers, 25% forage crops (alfalfa, clover, peas, etc.) necessary to increase soil fertilization. The paper presents the culture preferences of Romanian farmers in the year 2023, regarding the implementation of the eco-scheme PD-04 "Environmentally beneficial practices applicable to arable land". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
12. First Announcement and Call for Papers International Conference: Biogenic Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Caused by Arable and Animal Agriculture
- Author
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TATuP Redaktion
- Subjects
Technology ,Environmental protection ,Biogenic emissions ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Animal agriculture ,Social Sciences ,Arable land - Published
- 1998
13. ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS FOR THEIR SUSTAINABLE USE.
- Author
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MIHUȚ, Casiana, NIȚĂ, Lucian, DUMA COPCEA, Anișoara, and RINOVETZ, Alexandru
- Subjects
FARMS ,ARABLE land ,LAND use ,CROPS ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
The purpose of the paper was to assess the production capacity of the lands in Periam, Timiș County, in wheat, barley, corn, and sunflower. We chose 17 more important and better determining indicators and, based on them, we established, for each crop, the credit ratings, after which we classified the soils in the studied area into fertility classes. In accordance with the methodology for developing pedological studies, the degree of suitability was determined for each of the four crops: 91.73% of the area of this locality is represented by agricultural land, of which arable land represents 79.22%. and 0.41% is forested land. Following the evaluation of arable land (4,663 ha), it was found that 45.38% fall into the first class, 33.63% in Class II, 20.10% in Class III, and 0.89% in Class IV, with an average grade of 75. This makes these lands highly productive. As a general conclusion, each farmer should periodically evaluate the fertility of the farm soils, make a balance of the nutrient requirements for each crop by considering the plants' requirements according to the vegetation phase, the technology applied, the local soil land climate conditions based on realistic forecasts. In this way, a series of costs with fertilizers and soil work are reduced, the excess is eliminated, and the deficiency of nutrients is corrected, the recommended doses are fractionated and applied differently depending on the needs of the plant, the humidity, the reaction and the texture of the soil. Following the results obtained, it appears that these lands have a high production capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
14. The Japanese Hand-made Paper in the Basin of the River Itadori, Gifu Prefecture
- Author
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Hisashi Sato
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Social group ,Competition (economics) ,Economy ,Work (electrical) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,Quality (business) ,General Medicine ,Structural basin ,Arable land ,media_common - Abstract
(1) Formerly the production of Japanese hand-made paper in Gifu Prefecture was concentrated in the valleys of the Ibi and Nagara rivers, but is now shifted into Makitani, the basin of the river Itadori.(2) The reason of this change can be attributed to the quality of water there, and the devices in the process of manufacture and management. Traditionally, Oyakata, the managers, collected the sons of farmers to work at the paper workshops, but the changes of systems are affecting the old customs. The technique of paper-making has been delivered from a generation to the filial generation, and the group of people engaged in this work has been firmly fixed.(3) Remoteness of this area from the labor market helped the owners keep the low wages.(4) Gradually people engaged in this business came to be compelled to change their job on account of the changes in the ways of consumption as well as the competition from mechanization. Usually they chose other businesses which are in many ways like the old one, namely such are small home industries using very cheap labor.(5) We can say that the low waged labor system is the primary factor that changed the location of the paper manufacture in this district. And the local characteristics of the labor system is also influenced by natural conditions such is the existence of good water both the surface and under ground, suited for the work, shortage of plains for arable land, and the remoteness of the district from the main labor market.
- Published
- 1962
15. The Influence of Land Fertilization with Fertilizers from Animal Manure on Hydric Soil Erosion.
- Author
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Beilicci, Erika, Beilicci, Robert, and Stefanescu, Camelia
- Subjects
SOIL erosion ,FERTILIZERS ,MANURES ,ARABLE land ,FERTILIZER application ,PLATEAUS - Abstract
Plants in agricultural crops begin to develop rapidly in the spring and need the food supplement provided by fertilizers. Carrying out the basic fertilization is necessary together with the works for the preparation of the germinal bed in view of the spring sowing. On pastures, especially those that are to be used for both grazing and forage, it is also important to apply fertilizers in early spring. According to the Code of Good Agricultural Practices, starting from March 15, the spreading of solid organic fertilizers on arable land and pastures is also allowed. Liquid, semiliquid and solid manures from animal farms as well as effluents from silos contain large amounts of nutrients. For this reason, the application of fertilizers derived from them have, in addition to the positive effects of increasing the fertility of the land and increasing the organic matter content of the soil, and a very important negative one, namely the acceleration of the eutrophication of surface waters in the case of their penetration into the bodies of water, even small amounts of these substances. The paper analyses these aspects of soil fertilization with fertilizers from animal manure, respectively the influence of this process on hydric soil erosion on watershed hillslopes. The Water Erosion Prediction Project software, developed by USDA-ARS, USA, was used for the soil loss study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
16. Trade impact analysis on the profit and loss of agroecosystem service value in Guangdong Province.
- Author
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Shaokan Huang, Shixi Cui, Yuantao Liao, Feng Han, Shuang Sun, and Shaojian Wang
- Subjects
PROFIT & loss ,LAND use ,LAND resource ,ARABLE land ,FARMS ,REGIONAL differences ,DRIVERS' licenses - Abstract
Due to the imbalance in the supply and demand of agricultural land, there is an increasing trend of land resources being remoted utilized across regions. Within the context of regional trade, changes in the agroecosystem service value (ESV) can be used to assess consumer responsibility. However, the embodied flow of ESV and its driving factors have been largely unexplored. This paper, utilizing the latest Chinese multi-regional input-output tables and the equivalence factor method, explores the spatiotemporal characteristics of embodied agricultural land and ESV flow between Guangdong and 30 other provinces, and further seeks to construct three types of embodied ESV models to reveal the driving factors. The findings reveal that during the process of domestic trade in goods and services, Guangdong Province has an inflow of 2.10 × 107 hm2 of land from other provinces, with arable land, forestland, and grassland accounting for 25, 61, and 14%, respectively. Guangdong's utilization of ESV is mainly dependent on external inflows, with minimal local consumption and outflows. The embodied ESV between Guangdong and other provinces is 1626.10 billion yuan, with an outflow of 325.32 billion yuan. The "Y"-shaped region consisting of the northwest, northeast, southwest, and Hainan bears significant potential ESV losses for Guangdong Province. Population growth and the intensity of ESV loss will promote the flow of cropland and forestland ESV, while economic development has a certain inhibitory effect on ESV transfer. This paper provides a new analytical perspective on issues such as the spatial distribution mismatch of land resources and ecologically unequal exchange. These insights are pivotal for promoting sustainable utilization of land resources and regional equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Can a Crop Rotation and Fallow System Reduce the Carbon Emission Intensity of Agriculture?
- Author
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Zhang, Xuefeng, Sun, Hui, Xia, Xuechao, Yang, Zedong, and Zhu, Shusen
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide mitigation ,CROP rotation ,AGRICULTURAL pollution ,FALLOWING ,ARABLE land - Abstract
Under the carbon emission pattern of "peak carbon and carbon neutrality", the policy of crop rotation and fallow system (CRFS) is regarded as an important initiative to promote the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of agriculture. Focusing on balanced panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper empirically examines the impact of CRFS on agricultural carbon emissions (ACEI) and its internal mechanism using a multi-temporal difference-in-differences model. The benchmark regression results show that CRFS can significantly reduce ACEI, and the results remain robust after validation by multiple methods. Mechanism results show that CRFS is able to reduce ACEI by reducing factor mismatch and promoting the level of agricultural services. Heterogeneity analysis results show that the arable land fallow rotation system is more conducive to promoting the reduction in agricultural carbon emission intensity in the main grain producing areas, main grain marketing areas, high land transfer areas, and plantation areas than in the grain production and marketing balanced areas, low land transfer, and animal husbandry areas. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the CRFS policy implementation, provides a doctrinal basis for expanding the scope of CRFS implementation, and provides policy recommendations for relevant departments to improve the CRFS policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Predicting Sub-Forest Type Transition Characteristics Using Canopy Density: An Analysis of the Ganjiang River Basin Case Study.
- Author
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Zhou, Yuchen, Hu, Juhua, Liu, Mu, and Xie, Guanhong
- Subjects
FOREST restoration ,WATERSHEDS ,DENSITY ,FORESTS & forestry ,ENVIRONMENTAL security ,ARABLE land - Abstract
In the process of societal development, forest land categories often conflict with other land use types, leading to impacts on the ecological environment. Therefore, research on changes in forest land categories has increasingly become a globally focused topic. To anticipate potential forest ecological security issues under urbanization trends, studies on regional land use simulation become more important. This paper, based on land use data from the Ganjiang River basin, analyzes the distribution characteristics and changing trends of land use types from 2000 to 2020. Using the CA-Markov model, it predicts the land use pattern of the basin in 2040 and analyzes the transfer characteristics of forest land categories. The conclusions indicate that, between 2000 and 2020, the most significant trend in land use evolution was the transfer between various subcategories of forest land, especially frequent in the high-altitude mountainous areas in the southern and western parts of the basin. The land use pattern prediction model constructed in this paper has a kappa index of 0.92, indicating high accuracy and reliability of the predictions. In 2040, the most significant land evolution phenomenon would be from forest land to arable land to construction land, particularly pronounced around large cities. Over the next 20 years, the focus of land use evolution may shift from the southern part of the basin to the central and northern parts, with urban expansion possibly becoming the main driving force of land use changes during this period. Forest land restoration work is an effective method to compensate for the loss of forest land area in the Ganjiang River basin, with key areas for such work including Longnan, Yudu, Xingguo, Ningdu, Lianhua, and Yongxin counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Breaking the Boundary between Permanent Capital Farmland and Arable Land in China: Understanding State and Drivers of Permanent Capital Farmland Non-Grain Production in a Rapid Urbanizing County.
- Author
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Shi, Yunjie, Li, Hengpeng, Geng, Jianwei, Askar, Akida, Zhao, Zhongjing, Pang, Jiaping, Zhang, Wangshou, and Shao, Yuyang
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,FORESTS & forestry ,MONETARY incentives ,AGRICULTURE ,AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Amid unprecedented challenges to protect arable land, China's permanent capital farmland (PCF) has played a crucial role in grain production. However, a clear legal and physical boundary between PCF and arable land seems to be unable to stop the spread of non-grain production. To address it, an analysis framework for PCF non-grain production was developed to examine the state and drivers of village-scale PCF non-grain production based on the logical relationship between PCF and arable land in the rapid urbanization of Liyang. The results suggested that PCF comprised approximately 70% arable land and 30% adjustable land. Meanwhile, forest land and aquaculture ponds occupied over 25% of PCF, while nearly 20% of PCF is unsuitable for the resumption of crop cultivation. The transition state (scenario SR) offered a realistic representation of PCF non-grain production, with an average non-grain production of 48.88%. This is 14.00% lower than the current state (scenario SD) and 9.65% higher than the future state (scenario ST). Furthermore, PCF area and agricultural income per capita significantly encouraged PCF non-grain production, with explanatory powers of 51.60% and 42.40%, respectively. In contrast, urbanization rate (with an explanatory power of 35.30%) significantly discouraged it. Therefore, this paper proposed PCF redefinition, flexible PCF, and diversified economic incentives to mitigate PCF non-grain production at the village scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation and Promotion of Alluvial Fan Land Suitability for Agriculture in the Lhasa River Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
- Author
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Chen, Tongde, Jiao, Juying, Wang, Lingling, Wei, Wei, Zhao, Chunjing, and Wei, Shuwei
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,ALLUVIAL fans ,ALPINE regions ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,AGRICULTURAL development - Abstract
Alluvial fans have been proven to have great utilisation potential in QTP, but to what extent they are suitable for agricultural development is unknown. Therefore, using the alluvial fan in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB) as a case study, this paper established an evaluation system of land suitability for agriculture (LSA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the exhaustive method (EM) were used to define the minimum dataset (MDS) and then the LSA of the alluvial fan in the LRB was evaluated using a comprehensive index of LSA. Two scientific approaches were implemented to improve the LSA using a scenario simulation. The results showed that the MDS assessed by the EA was more representative compared to the PCA. Alluvial fans with suitable grades are mainly distributed in the Lhasa River's middle and lower reaches. Developing facility agriculture and repairing roads accessing the alluvial fans are effective approaches to improve the LSA, which can increase the suitable-grade area from 58.62% to 97.82% and 63.85%, respectively. Therefore, most alluvial fans in the LRB are suitable for developing agriculture, and under the influence of human activities, there will be more alluvial fans suitable for developing agriculture. Our research provides scientific methods for the sustainable development of land in alpine regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Assessment of the Implementation Effects of Main Functional Area Planning in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
- Author
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Wei, Ming, Chen, Wen, and Wang, Yi
- Subjects
REGIONAL development ,ECOLOGICAL zones ,ARABLE land ,SUSTAINABLE development ,LAND use - Abstract
The Yangtze River Economic Belt, relying on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, serves not only as a vital industrial and urban stronghold in China but also bears the significant responsibility of the Yangtze River's major conservation efforts. The implementation of the main functional zones within the economic belt can provide regional synergies for development and protection through the optimization and organization of spatial structures, which is conducive to promoting the green and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in accordance with local conditions. In pursuit of these objectives, this paper utilizes multi-source data and selects corresponding indicators based on the main form of functional zoning to analyze the land protection and development patterns of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to assess the effectiveness of the main functional zone planning implementation. The findings reveal that the enactment of main functional area planning has incrementally enhanced the level of land development and conservation in terms of certain aspects across the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This is evidenced by the burgeoning expansion of construction land in areas earmarked for optimization and pivotal development, bolstered by robust population and economic concentration capabilities, alongside a surge in per capita output. Moreover, ecological lands within critical ecological function zones exhibited signs of rejuvenation. Nonetheless, the outcomes are not universally aligned with the anticipated goals: the expanse of arable land in primary agricultural production zones has contracted, accompanied by a downturn in the proportion of grain output; the proliferation of construction land within key ecological function zones continues unabated, and ecological lands have experienced reductions over various intervals. The main functional zones have yet to fully embrace and enact protective strategies, highlighting an urgent need for more formidable institutional frameworks to guarantee their rigorous enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Annual Dynamics of Shortwave Radiation as Consequence of Smoothing Previously Plowed Bare Arable Land Surface in Europe.
- Author
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Cierniewski, Jerzy and Ceglarek, Jakub
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,DIGITAL soil mapping ,SPECTRAL reflectance ,RADIATION ,REMOTE-sensing images ,PLOWING (Tillage) ,LAND cover - Abstract
This paper quantifies the annual dynamics of the shortwave radiation reflected from bare arable land as a result of smoothing previously plowed land located in three different agricultural subregions of the European Union and associated countries. This estimate takes into account the annual variation of the bare arable land area, obtained from Sentinel 2 satellite imagery; the spatial variability of soil units within croplands, obtained from digital soil and land-cover maps; and the laboratory spectral reflectance characteristics of these units, obtained from soil samples stored in the LUCAS soil database. The properties of the soil units, which cover an area of at least 4% of each subregion, were characterized. The highest amounts of shortwave radiation reflected under clear-sky conditions from air-dried, bare arable land surfaces—approximately 850 PJ day
−1 and 1.10 EJ day−1 for land shaped by a plow (Pd) and smoothing harrow (Hs), respectively—were found in the summer around 8 August in the western subregion. However, the lowest radiation occurred in the spring on 10 April at 340 PJ day−1 for Pd and 430 PJ day−1 for Hs in the central subregion. The largest and the smallest amounts of this radiation throughout the year—only as a result of smoothing, by Hs, land that was previously treated by Pd—was estimated at 42 EJ for the western and southern subregions and 19 EJ for the central subregion, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Climate change vulnerability and conflicts in Africa: evidence from the migrations channel.
- Author
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Tsomb, Etienne Inedit Blaise Tsomb, Nsoga, Mermoz Homer III Nsoga, and Bitting, Cyrille Dominick
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,CLIMATE change ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,ENGLISH-speaking countries ,GROSS domestic product ,INTERNAL migrants ,ARABLE land - Abstract
In a context marked by the intensification of climate change as well as an increase in the frequency and intensity of violent conflicts in Africa, this paper analyses the effects of vulnerability to climate change on conflict through the channel of migratory movements. Given the complex causal relationships between the variables, and to distinguish between their direct and indirect effects on conflicts, we employ structural equation modeling on a sample of 37 African countries observed between 1995 and 2017. The results show that vulnerability to climate change has both direct and indirect negative effects on internal conflict in Africa. An increase in vulnerability to climate change reduces the net stock of international migrants; while the net stock of migrants increases internal conflict. These effects are robust regardless of the components of the climate change vulnerability index considered and vary, however, according to the official language spoken and the level of development. In English-speaking and low-developing countries, the effects of climate change vulnerability on conflict remain negative, while in French- and Arabic-speaking as well as in more developed African countries, climate change vulnerability indirectly increases conflict through migration.In a given territory, the implementation of specific adaptation measures helps to reduce the level of vulnerability to climate change. Furthermore, the increase in conflicts caused by a reduction in vulnerability to climate change can be mitigated by a decrease in migratory movements through a better allocation of natural resources such as arable land and an increase in gross domestic product per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Advances in Crop Protection in Organic Farming System.
- Author
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Kowalska, Jolanta and Matysiak, Kinga
- Subjects
PLANT protection ,CATCH crops ,GRASS growing ,ORGANIC farming ,CROPS ,ARABLE land ,OLIVE - Abstract
The Green Deal assumes a significant reduction in chemicals in agriculture production. Unfortunately, the problem of crop contamination due to the presence of pesticide residues in crops may be related to, among others, inappropriate techniques and conditions for performing chemical protection treatments by non-organic producers whose fields border on organic fields. Comparatively, in organic crops provided with simple plant cover, the average crop losses due to this pest were 19%, while in traditional crops free of any type of plant cover, the crop losses were 23% of the harvest [[3]]. Reducing the use of chemical plant protection products, increasing the area of organic crops in the EU and actions to protect biodiversity are currently the biggest challenge for agriculture, but also for Member States of the EU, which must take a number of economic and strategic actions [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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25. THE MONITORING OF NON-FARMING AND NON-GRAIN PURPOSES IN ARABLE LAND OF ZHEJIANG, CHINA WITH DOMESTIC SATELLITE IMAGERY.
- Author
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Wang, X., Feng, C., Fu, Y., Liu, X., Zhan, Y., Xu, P., Deng, X., Li, X., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, Z.
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,REMOTE-sensing images ,LAND cover ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,GRAIN ,HUNGER - Abstract
Arable land protection is essential for Zero hunger the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations, and the arable land protection includes two aspects, non-farming and non-grain. We try to monitor the arable land protection in Zhejiang with domestic satellite imagery. Satellite remote technology has become an essential way to monitor the land cover change (for non-farming) and grain crops (for non-grain). However, current monitoring frequency and scale were unable to satisfy the needs for non-farming monitoring. The low-resolution image cannot satisfy the feature of land fragmentation of Zhejiang for non-grain monitoring. To address the above problem, this paper proposes a land cover change method to monitor non-farming purposes based on deeplabv3+ with monthly coverage 2 meters resolution images. By focusing on rebuilding training data set and improving training strategy with hard example training, the difficulty of the spurious change caused by the adjustment of farming structure is solved. At the same time, this paper builds three training processes (Initial training, Fine training, Retraining for promotion) based on Fully Convolutional Neural Network FCN-8S to monitor the main grain crops in Zhejiang. The phenological features are added into the process of training to further improve the accuracy. At present, land cover change method of this paper has been applied in Zhejiang province and the monitoring of grain crops has been carried out in some regions according to the specific requirements. The result shows that both the two methods exhibit good accuracy and generalization ability at the time and space scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
26. LAND-GRABBING PHENOMENA IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT.
- Author
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CHIURCIU, Irina-Adriana, PRISACARIU, Maria, CERTAN, Ion, and CHEREJI, Aurelia-Ioana
- Subjects
RURAL development ,FARMS ,REAL property sales & prices ,YOUNG adults ,ARABLE land ,AGRICULTURAL technology - Abstract
The paper presents the characteristics of the agricultural sector in Romania, through the lens of the land grabbing phenomena. It is one of the latest additions to an already full agenda of challenges that rural development must address. Land grabbing deprives the population of the ability to make decisions about the national land (what is cultivated, what agricultural practices are used, what is the purpose of the land), nullifying food sovereignty. Also, the possibility of young people to choose agriculture as a field of activity is restricted by the privatization of land, although they receive subsidies for establishing themselves as young farmers. The analysis carried out in the period 2015-2021 indicated that approximately 40% of Romanian agricultural land is owned by foreign owners, while 46% of the population lives in the countryside and 1.6 million people are employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing. The results showed that the largest areas are owned by Italy, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. The main fields of activity are the following: agriculture, forestry, conservation and renewable energy. At the same time, subsidies can represent significant income for large areas of land. For the studied period, an increase in the prices of arable land in Romania was found, although they are lower than in other European countries. The biggest increases in arable land prices were recorded in the West, South-East and South-West Oltenia Regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
27. Synergistic effects of organic fertilizer and corn straw on microorganisms of pepper continuous cropping soil in China
- Author
-
Jingxia Gao, Pei Hongxia, and Xie Hua
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Microorganism ,continuous cropping ,Bioengineering ,Continuous cropping ,Zea mays ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,organic fertilizer ,Pepper ,Fertilizers ,China ,Soil Microbiology ,corn straw ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,fungi ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Straw ,Microbial population biology ,Agronomy ,Charcoal ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,microbial community ,Arable land ,Capsicum ,Organic fertilizer ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Because of the large population, large demand, limited arable land and many environmental factors, continuous cropping have become a very common phenomenon in China. However, long-term continuous cropping has caused a series of serious soil-borne diseases, and the yield and quality of crops to drop, which seriously restricted the sustainable development of agricultural industry. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of pepper and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, it is essential to understand the effect of continuous cropping of pepper on soil microbial community composition and abundance. In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to study the effects of seven treatments of organic fertilizers and corn straw on soil microbial community and function of pepper continuous cropping. The results showed that the yield of all treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. The soil microbial diversity and community composition showed that Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the most abundant phylum in all treatments. In conclusion, there were significant differences among the seven treatments and the treatment of fowl dung with corn straw was the best fertilizer combination to improve the yield and output value of pepper. Besides, the addition of fowl dung and corn straw not only can improve the community and functions of microorganisms, but also enhance the ability of disease resistance, and ultimately decrease the soil-borne diseases. The results will help to provide scientific basis for rational application of organic fertilizer and corn straw, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles., Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2020
28. Impact of China's Energy-Consuming Right Trading on Urban Land Green Utilization Efficiency.
- Author
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Zhou, Chaobo, Wang, Jingchan, and Wu, Zhiwei
- Subjects
LAND use ,CITIES & towns ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ARABLE land ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
China is facing development challenges, such as the red line of arable land, resource shortage, and tightening ecological and environmental constraints. In this context, improving land green utilization efficiency (LGUE) is not only an important undertaking to optimize the spatial layout of the country and improve resource carrying capacity but also an inevitable choice for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. China's energy-consuming right trading (ECRT) is an important energy transition demonstration policy; however, its effect on LGUE has yet to be scientifically evaluated in academic research. Using panel data of 260 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2021, this study first uses a difference-in-difference model to test the effect of ECRT on LGUE, analyze its transmission mechanism, and further examine the impact of urban characteristic heterogeneity on policy effects from multiple perspectives. Results show the following: (1) The pilot policy of ECRT significantly improves urban LGUE, as confirmed by robustness tests. (2) The ECRT pilot policy enhances urban technological innovation, promotes the upgrading of industrial structure, and thereby improves LGUE. (3) The ECRT has a more significant enhancement effect on the central and western cities, large-scale cities, and resource-based cities. (4) Government environmental protection assessment can have a positive moderating effect, that is, further amplifying the effect of ECRT on improving urban LGUE. In conclusion, we should solidly promote the construction of a unified national ECRT market, formulate policy implementation plans tailored to local conditions, and steadily improve LGUE. To a certain extent, this paper reveals the inherent logic of how ECRT affects LGUE, which provides opportunities for cities to improve LGUE through ECRT, and provides reference for promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
29. Spatio-Temporal Changes of Arable Land and Their Impacts on Grain Output in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020.
- Author
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Han, Shan, Shao, Quanqin, Ning, Jia, and Jin, Siyu
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,GRAIN ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,BODIES of water ,LAND use ,DATABASES ,SERVER farms (Computer network management) - Abstract
The "Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Strategy" is one of China's three major national development strategies. Enhancing the protection and quality of arable land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) is pivotal for fostering regional growth. In this study, land use data spanning the years 1980 to 2020 in the YEB were extracted from the national land use database maintained by the Resource and Environment Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis techniques and arable land change metrics, the study delineated the spatiotemporal characteristics of arable land alterations across the YEB for the period. Additionally, using grain output data at the prefecture level from 2011 to 2020, the paper calculated provincial grain output to analyze the impact of arable land changes over the last four decades on grain output. The findings revealed that: (1) From 1980 to 2020, the total arable land area in the YEB decreased by approximately 41,775 square kilometers, with the most significant decrease occurring in the downstream region. (2) From 1980 to 1990, the primary factor contributing to the decrease in arable land area was the expansion of water bodies, while from 1990 to 2020, the principal reason for the reduction in arable land area was the expansion of construction land. (3) From 1980 to 2020, the decrease in arable land area resulted in a net reduction of approximately 25.12 million tons in total grain output, with the largest decline observed in the downstream regions and the smallest decline in the upstream regions. (4) Consistent with the trends in arable land area reduction, the main reason for the decline in grain output from 1980 to 1990 was the expansion of water bodies encroaching upon arable land, whereas from 2000 to 2010, the primary cause of arable land reduction was the expansion of construction land areas. In conclusion, the research suggested that over the past four decades, the primary driver behind the reduction in arable land within the YEB has been the expansion of construction land areas. Particularly noteworthy was the period from 2000 to 2010, during which the impact of arable land reduction on grain output was most pronounced. This period coincided with the rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process within the YEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
30. Spatial–Temporal Evolution, Impact Mechanisms, and Reclamation Potential of Rural Human Settlements in China.
- Author
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Ran, Duan, Hu, Qiyu, and Zhang, Zhanlu
- Subjects
HUMAN settlements ,RURAL population ,CENSUS ,RURAL geography ,ARABLE land ,LANDSCAPE changes - Abstract
In China's pursuit of modernization, the government has introduced the rural revitalization strategy to combat rural decline, foster balanced urban–rural development, and reduce the urban–rural gap. Rural human settlements, as key components of this strategy, play a vital role. This paper examines the types and characteristics of human–earth relationships within rural settlements, emphasizing their significance. Using national land use and population census data, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements at the county level, investigating landscape pattern changes, assessing the degree of coupling coordination between rural population and settlements, categorizing relationship types and features, and estimating the potential for remediation. Our findings reveal a growing trend in the scale of rural human settlements, particularly sourced from arable land, with significant expansions observed in the North China Plain and Northeast Plain, indicating potential for farmland reclamation and village consolidation. Landscape patterns of rural human settlements exhibit increased fragmentation, complex shapes, and aggregation. We categorize the utilization of rural human settlements into two types, each with four distinct features: human–land coordination is observed in regions characterized by either a higher rural population and larger rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and smaller rural settlement areas. Human–land trade-offs are evident in areas where there is either a higher rural population and smaller rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and larger rural settlement areas. This provides valuable insights for the Chinese government's context-specific implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It also serves as an experiential reference for the governance of rural human settlements in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Impact of Long-Term Fallowing on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape and Winter and Spring Wheat.
- Author
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Sienkiewicz, Stanisław, Żarczyński, Piotr Jarosław, Wierzbowska, Jadwiga, and Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef
- Subjects
WHEAT ,RAPESEED ,SOIL protection ,FALLOWING ,WINTER wheat ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ARABLE land - Abstract
The proper fallowing of soil maintains or even improves its yield potential. The aim of this research was to compare five methods of soil protection with high production potential on the yield and quality of strategic plants. The tested methods consisted of five variants: bare fallow—BF; natural fallow—NF; fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)—FG; a mixture of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) with smooth brome (Bromus inermis)—FG+SB; and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)—SB. The soil had been set aside for 9 years, after which time the fallows were terminated and the fields were cropped with winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, and spring wheat in three consecutive years. After the end of fallowing, the content of N
og. and Ctot. , pH, and forms of available macro- and microelements in the soil were determined. The influence of each type of fallow on the yield of seeds/grain, straw, total protein, crude fat, and the content of macronutrients in the seeds/grain and straw of the grown crops was determined. Regarding the yields of the crops, the best solution was long-term soil protection via sowing fodder galega or a mixture of fodder galega and smooth brome. A field previously maintained as a fallow with these plants (singly or in combination) could produce over twice-as-high yields of wheat and oilseed rape as those harvested from a field established on bare fallow. The yields of the cereals and oilseed rape obtained in this study prove that food security and environmental protection issues can be reconciled. The methods for protecting farmland temporarily excluded from agricultural production presented in this paper correspond perfectly to the framework of the Green Deal for Europe. Arable land excluded from cultivation can be used to overcome new challenges facing modern agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
32. Combining a coupled FTIR-EGA system and in situ DRIFTS for studying soil organic matter in arable soils.
- Author
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Demyan, M. S., Rasche, F., Schütt, M., Smirnova, N., Schulz, E., and Cadisch, G.
- Subjects
FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,HUMUS ,ARABLE land ,SOIL dynamics ,PARTICULATE matter ,SOIL sampling - Abstract
An optimized spectroscopic method combining quantitative evolved gas analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-EGA) and qualitative in situ thermal reaction monitoring via diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situT DRIFTS) is being proposed to rapidly characterize soil organic matter (SOM) to study its dynamics and stability. A thermal reaction chamber coupled with an infrared gas cell was used to study the pattern of thermal evolution of carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) in order to relate evolved gas to different qualities of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil samples were from three different sites, i.e. (I) the Static Fertilization Experiment, Bad Lauchstädt (Chernozem) from treatments of farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fertilizer (NPK), combination (FYM+NPK) and control without fertilizer inputs, and cropped soils from the (ii) Kraichgau and (iii) Swabian Alb (Cambisols) areas, Southwest Germany. Soils from Kraichgau and Swabian Alb were further fractionated into particulate organic matter (POM), sand and stable aggregates (Sa+A), silt and clay (Si+C), and NaOCl oxidized Si+C (rSOC) to gain OM of different inferred stabilities. Fresh soil samples from the Kraichgau and Swabian Alb were incubated at 20°C and 50% water holding capacity for 490 days in order to measure soil respiration under controlled conditions. A variable long path length gas cell was used to record the mid-infrared absorbance intensity of carbon dioxide (2400 to 2200 cm-1 ) being evolved during soil heating from 25 to 700°C with a heating rate of 68°Cmin-1 during an initial ramping time of 10min and holding time of 10min. Separately the heating chamber was placed in a diffuse reflectance chamber (DRIFTS) for measuring the mid-infrared absorption of the soil sample during heating. Thermal stability of the bulk soils and fractions was measured via the temperature of maximum CO2 (2400 to 2200 cm-1 ) evolution (CO2 max). Results indicated that the FYM+NPK and FYM treatments of the Chernozem soils of Bad Lauchstädt had a lower CO2 max as compared to both NPK and CON treatments. On average CO2 max in Bad Lauchstädt was much higher (447°C) as compared to the Kraichgau (392°C) and Swabian Alb (384°C) sites. The POM fraction had the highest CO2 (477°C), while rSOC had a first peak at 265°C at both sites and a second peak at 392°C for the Swabian Alb and 482°C for the Kraichgau. The CO2 max was found to increase after 490 day incubation, while the C lost during incubation was derived from the whole temperature range but a relatively higher proportion from 200 to 350°C. In situT DRIFTS measurements indicated decreases in vibrational intensities in the order of C-OH=unknown C vibration2 thermogram from the FTIR-EGA measurements to have a semi-quantitative measure of the quality of evolved C during the heating experiment, lending more evidence that different qualities of SOM are being evolved at different temperatures from 200 to 700°C. The CO 2 max was influenced by long-term farmyard manure input and also by 490 days of laboratory incubation, indicating that this measurement can be an indicator for the relative overall SOM stability. The combination of FTIR-EGA and in situT DRIFTS was shown to be useful for monitoring the rate of thermal decomposition of different soils and SOM fractions which were related to their relative stability. This knowledge was used for a peak fitting procedure for assigning proportions of evolved CO2 to different thermal stability components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
33. A database of weed plants in the European part of Russia
- Author
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Yevgenia Mysnik, Natalya Nikolaevna Luneva, Maria Vladimirovna Lebedeva, Gulnaz Rimovna Khasanova, A. S. Tretyakova, Pavel V. Kondratkov, Nickolay Grudanov, S. M. Yamalov, and Olga G. Baranova
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Flora ,Perennial plant ,da ,West of Urals 2020 ,WEED PLANTS ,Distribution (economics) ,computer.software_genre ,DATASET ,01 natural sciences ,FIELD STUDY ,data paper ,dataset ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,occurrences ,Ecology ,Database ,business.industry ,Species diversity ,weed plants ,Plant community ,DATA PAPER ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Data Paper (Biosciences) ,Crop protection ,Geography ,field study ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,OCCURRENCES ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Arable land ,business ,Weed ,computer ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Weeds are plants that, although not specially cultivated, grow and often adapt to growing in arable lands. They form an ecological variant of flora, as a historically-formed set of species growing on cultivated soils. For the rational use of the chemical and biological crop protection products and to produce safe and high-quality food, up-to-date data on the floristic diversity of weeds and the patterns of its geographical change are required. The need for a weeds' database arises that allows many specialists to work together independently. However, the great value of any database lies not in its existence, but in the accumulation of data that can be used to analyse the factors affecting the species diversity of weeds. New information A dataset of weed species diversity and their distribution in the European part of Russia, based on the results of the authors' own research from 1999 to 2019, has been created. The dataset includes 24,284 observations of occurrences of weed plants, which were obtained on the basis of 2,049 relevés of segetal plant communities in seven regions of the European part of Russia. In total, the dataset includes information about 329 species of vascular plants growing in 65 farmlands: cereals, spring and winter crops, industrial crops, row crops and perennial grasses (Tretyakova et al. 2020). © Tretyakova A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by Russian public funds (AAAA-A18-118011990151-7) in the framework of implementation of the State task on the “Vascular plants of Eurasia: taxonomy, ora, plant resources” (AAAA-A19-119031290052-1), by the Competitiveness of the Ural Federal University (Russian Federation Government Regulation no. 211, contract no. 02. A03.21.0006) and partially by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 17-44-020402 and 19-016-00135).
- Published
- 2020
34. Review and future trends of soil microplastics research: visual analysis based on Citespace.
- Author
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Ya-di, Zhu, Tian-jie, Shao, Yan-hua, Wang, and Rui-yuan, Wang
- Subjects
MICROPLASTICS ,SOILS ,ARABLE land ,POLLUTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure - Abstract
Compared with the research results of water microplastics, soil microplastics have been of concern for a shorter time, and the research started later. As a whole, they are still in the initial stage of development, and the problems of arable land and food security caused by them have attracted close attention from scholars around the world, but have not been effectively solved. To reveal the research status, development and change process and future trend, this paper is based on the data in the Web of Science (WOS) databases from 2016 to November 2021, with the help of Citespace software. The number of articles published, source countries and degree of cooperation, research institutions and teams, keyword clustering and change trend are sorted out. The results showed that: (1) the research results of soil microplastics has experienced a slow-rapid growth stage. In terms of the number of articles published, China occupies the first place in the world, with 55 articles. In terms of the number of publications, Free Univ Berlin ranks first, followed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res, and Wageningen Univ&Res. (2) In terms of content, environmental pollution and exposure, the function and health of soil-associated media, the common shape characteristics of microplastics and their influencing factors, and the combined pollution caused by microplastics are all covered, and can be divided into eight main categories: soil, ingestion, heavy meals, fiber, marine environment, microplastic, metals, and plants. (3) The migration behavior and ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in soil media are still the focus of attention at present. (4) In the future, "regression process and mechanism", "detection method and evaluation standard", "risk assessment model", "removal technology and control means" are undoubtedly worthy of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Suspended Sediment Yield Dependence on Environmental Conditions.
- Author
-
Yermolaev, Oleg and Mukharamova, Svetlana
- Subjects
SUSPENDED sediments ,STATISTICAL models ,STATISTICS ,ALLUVIAL plains ,ARABLE land - Abstract
This paper describes the modelling of suspended sediment yield in a plains region in the European part of Russia (EPR) and its prediction for ungauged catchments. The studied plains area, excluding the Caucasus and Ural Mountains, covers 3.5 × 10
6 km2 of the total area of about 3.8 × 106 km2 . Multiple regression methods, such as a generalized linear model (GLM) and a generalized additive model (GAM), are used to construct the models. The research methodology is based on a catchment approach. There are 49,516 river basins with an average area of about 75 km2 in the plain regions. The suspended sediment yield geodatabase contains data from 385 gauging stations. The linear GLM model of suspended sediment yield explains about 50% and the GAM model about 65% of the data variability (R-squared adjusted). The models include mean slope steepness, percentage of arable land, runoff per unit area, catchment area, soil rank and catchment soil erodibility as significant predictors. They also include a zonal-sectoral gradient (the sum of active temperatures and the standard deviation of air temperature, or directly by geographic coordinates). A GAM model is trained to predict suspended sediment yields for unexplored areas of the area. The paper presents the results of extrapolating suspended sediment yield values to ungauged river basins in a plains region of the EPR. For the first time for such a large area, the models built and the use of the basin approach made it possible to predict runoff values for hydrologically unexplored river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Optimization of Suzhou Garden Infrastructure Layout Based on Federal Learning.
- Author
-
Li, Min
- Subjects
GREEN infrastructure ,ARABLE land ,GARDENS ,BODIES of water ,URBAN policy - Abstract
Along with the accelerating urbanization process in China, the problem of urban infrastructure layout has become increasingly prominent. The high density of buildings and the extremely unreasonable distribution of infrastructure make the development face great resistance. This paper reveals the problems in the layout of garden infrastructure by studying and analyzing the theoretical foundations of federal learning and distributed learning and provides an in-depth analysis and elaboration of the problem. The paper uses the shape index and landscape index of green infrastructure (green space, arable land, and water bodies), the average width of roads, road network density, and weighted buildings to conduct a comparative study through the differences in ventilation speed and temperature at different layout garden scales. According to the problems existing in the garden layout in the experimental results, corresponding improvement measures are targeted, and the infrastructure layout of the garden is combined with ecology to make the layout within the garden more suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Agricultural Changes of the Fifteenth Century
- Author
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Davenport, Frances Gardiner
- Published
- 1897
38. Reconstructing Rural Settlements Based on Investigation of Consolidation Potential: Mechanisms and Paths.
- Author
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Zhang, Ruitian, Jiang, Ping, and Kong, Xuesong
- Subjects
RURAL population ,PER capita ,RURAL planning ,BUILDING repair ,ARABLE land ,LAND resource - Abstract
Rural settlement consolidation (RSC) is an important tool for improving rural habitat environments, and the potential evaluation of RSC is the premise for rural settlement planning. This paper identified the potential sources of RSC in different reconstruction modes and built an influencing factor system for RSC. We analyzed the spatial differentiation patterns of the theoretical potential and the realistic potential, and we identified the factors influencing the potential realization based on an empirical investigation in China. Influenced by multiple constraints, the potential transition from theoretical to realistic was spatially differentiated and showed a spatial agglomeration at the village level. Rural depopulation had a direct impact on the theoretical potential of RSC, while the distance to the downtown, rural population, per capita GDP, and production and living conditions played an important role in the realistic potential. Particularly, rural settlement basic conditions, rural population, and arable land resources profoundly affected farmer exit willingness and the potential transition from theoretical to realistic. Four optimization paths for rural settlement reconstruction linking to land use policies were proposed, which could provide valuable information for rural settlement planning in socioeconomic transformation regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Combinations of Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models for Object-Oriented "Staple-Crop-Shifting" Monitoring Based on Gaofen-6 Imagery.
- Author
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Cao, Yujuan, Dai, Jianguo, Zhang, Guoshun, Xia, Minghui, and Jiang, Zhitan
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,FEATURE selection ,ARABLE land ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,FEATURE extraction ,COTTON ,FOOD crops ,CASH crops - Abstract
This paper combines feature selection with machine learning algorithms to achieve object-oriented classification of crops in Gaofen-6 remote sensing images. The study provides technical support and methodological references for research on regional monitoring of food crops and precision agriculture management. "Staple-food-shifting" refers to the planting of other cash crops on cultivated land that should have been planted with staple crops such as wheat, rice, and maize, resulting in a change in the type of arable land cultivated. An accurate grasp of the spatial and temporal patterns of "staple-food-shifting" on arable land is an important basis for rationalizing land use and protecting food security. In this study, the Shihezi Reclamation Area in Xinjiang is selected as the study area, and Gaofen-6 satellite images are used to study the changes in the cultivated area of staple food crops and their regional distribution. Firstly, the images are segmented at multiple scales and four types of features are extracted, totaling sixty-five feature variables. Secondly, six feature selection algorithms are used to optimize the feature variables, and a total of nine feature combinations are designed. Finally, k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) are used as the basic models of image classification to explore the best combination of feature selection method and machine learning model suitable for wheat, maize, and cotton classification. The results show that our proposed optimal feature selection method (OFSM) can significantly improve the classification accuracy by up to 15.02% compared to the Random Forest Feature Importance Selection (RF-FI), Random Forest Recursive Feature Elimination (RF-RFE), and XGBoost Feature Importance Selection (XGBoost-FI) methods. Among them, the OF-RF-RFE model constructed based on KNN performs the best, with the overall accuracy, average user accuracy, average producer accuracy, and kappa coefficient reaching 90.68%, 87.86%, 86.68%, and 0.84, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Farmers' willingness to accept compensation for ginkgo conservation: evidence from rural Taixing, China.
- Author
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Xiaoqing Dai, Lijie Pu, Debang Jiang, Ying Zhang, and Fangping Rao
- Subjects
GINKGO ,INCOME ,FARMERS' attitudes ,ARABLE land ,TREE size ,FARMERS ,DIAGNOSIS related groups - Abstract
Numerous potential socioeconomic benefits provided by ginkgo resources have been identified but these have been threatened due to insufficient conservation over recent decades. Economic compensation is essential to induce enthusiasm for conservation. This paper examines the farmers' willingness to accept ginkgo conservation compensation as well as other influencing factors based on survey data from 208 households. The results show that: first, the compensation amounts for the three different ginkgo conservation values are 820.86, 249.03, and 71.29 yuan per tree, respectively. Second, the overall compensation value is 388.17 yuan per tree with an average of 8430.83 yuan per household. Third, factors that influence the conservation compensation values are size-specific. Specifically, for large ginkgoes, a given respondent's age, gender, job, household income, the number of large ginkgoes and arable land area are the most important factors. For medium ginkgoes, the area of arable land and farmers' willingness to protect ginkgo trees are the key determining factors. By contrast, the requisite factors are different for small size ginkgo trees. A given respondent's job, the arable land area and farmers' perception of the importance of conducting conservation for local development are found to have significant impacts. These findings provide a useful base for assessing the conservation value for this endangered and valuable forest resource. Furthermore, the results also indicate that a size-based payment for farmers' ginkgo conservation behaviors can be a useful economic tool to induce and deepen the latter's conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Remote sensing of quality traits in cereal and arable production systems: A review.
- Author
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Zhenhai Li, Chengzhi Fan, Yu Zhao, Xiuliang Jin, Casa, Raffaele, Wenjiang Huang, Xiaoyu Song, Blasch, Gerald, Guijun Yang, Taylor, James, and Zhenhong Li
- Subjects
REMOTE sensing ,GRAIN yields ,ARABLE land ,AGRICULTURAL management ,CROP quality - Abstract
Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global population. Accurately predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers, grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises, future trading prices, and policy planning. The use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality traits. Many studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing data. In this paper, the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are introduced. The literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail, and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms, commonly used methods, potential gaps, and future trends in crop quality prediction. This review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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42. NA SAMOTĚ V LESE. POLOHA U POUSTEVNÍKA A STŘEDOVĚKÉ NEZEMĚDĚLSKÉ OSÍDLENÍ POHOŘÍ BRDY.
- Author
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KROFTA, TOMÁŠ, HOBL, LUBOŠ, ČIBERA, JAN, KOČÁROVÁ, ROMANA, NOVÁČEK, KAREL, and BRABCOVÁ, KATEŘINA PACHNEROVÁ
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ARABLE land ,MIDDLE Ages ,AGRICULTURE ,POTTERY ,ARTISANS - Abstract
Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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43. Competition between Second-Generation Ethanol and Bioelectricity using the Residual Biomass of Sugarcane: Effects of Uncertainty on the Production Mix
- Author
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Lucio Guido Tapia Carpio and Fabio Simone De Souza
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020209 energy ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,techno-economic analysis ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Petroleum product ,Electricity ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Production (economics) ,biomass of sugarcane ,Ethanol fuel ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,sugarcane distillery ,Distillation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Straw ,bioelectricity ,Pulp and paper industry ,Saccharum ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Agriculture ,second-generation ethanol ,Fermentation ,Molecular Medicine ,Environmental science ,Arable land ,business ,Bagasse ,Brazil ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Several economies around the world are using second-generation (2G) ethanol produced from agricultural residues, like sugarcane straw and bagasse, as a sustainable solution to replace petroleum products. Since first-generation (1G) ethanol uses the sugars of sugarcane, an integrated 1G–2G production would enable the production of more ethanol from the same amount of sugarcane without leading to increased use of arable land. The ethanol production process is complex, involving different high-energy consumption operations such as evaporation and distillation. The economic competitiveness of this process depends heavily on the amount of thermal and electrical energy produced using sugarcane straw and bagasse as input. Thus, the objective of this study was to use the mean-variance methodology to determine the optimal allocation of residual sugarcane biomass between 2G ethanol and bioelectricity productions, with simultaneous objectives of maximizing the return and minimizing the risk for investors of this sector. In this paper, four scenarios are analyzed. The first one is the base scenario that represents the current state of production costs and investments. scenarios 2, 3, and 4 considered four cuts of 10%, 20%, and 40% in the production cost of ethanol 2G, respectively. The results show the optimum biomass allocations and the growth rates of returns as a function of risk growth. It can be concluded that from scenario 4, the production of 2G ethanol becomes financially advantageous for the investor, presenting greater returns with smaller risks.
- Published
- 2019
44. A Dilated Segmentation Network with the Morphological Correction Method in Farming Area Image Series.
- Author
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Lin, Xiuchun, Wa, Shiyun, Zhang, Yan, and Ma, Qin
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ARABLE land ,CROPS ,IMAGE segmentation ,BODIES of water ,OBJECT recognition (Computer vision) - Abstract
Farming areas are made up of diverse land use types, such as arable lands, grasslands, woodlands, water bodies, and other surrounding agricultural architectures. They possess imperative economic value, and are considerably valued in terms of farmers' livelihoods and society's flourishment. Meanwhile, detecting crops in farming areas, such as wheat and corn, allows for more direct monitoring of farming area production and is significant for practical production and management. However, existing image segmentation methods are relatively homogeneous, with insufficient ability to segment multiple objects around the agricultural environment and small-scale objects such as corn and wheat. Motivated by these issues, this paper proposed a global-transformer segmentation network based on the morphological correction method. In addition, we applied the dilated convolution technique to the backbone of the model and the transformer technique to the branches. This innovation of integrating the above-mentioned techniques has an active impact on the segmentation of small-scale objects. Subsequently, the backbone improved by this method was applied to an object detection network based on a corn and wheat ears dataset. Experimental results reveal that our model can effectively detect wheat ears in a complicated environment. For two particular segmentation objects in farming areas, namely water bodies and roads, we notably proposed a morphological correction method, which effectively reduces the number of connected domains in the segmentation results with different parameters of dilation and erosion operations. The segmentation results of water bodies and roads were thereby improved. The proposed method achieved 0.903 and 13 for m I o U and continuity. This result reveals a remarkable improvement compared with the comparison model, and the continuity has risen by 408%. These comparative results demonstrate that the proposed method is eminent and robust enough to provide preliminary preparations and viable strategies for managing farming area resources and detecting crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
45. Change of urban and rural construction land and driving factors of arable land occupation.
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Zhao, Suxia and Yin, Mengmeng
- Subjects
ARABLE land ,RURAL roads ,URBAN land use ,RURAL land use ,URBAN growth ,FIXED interest rates - Abstract
Under the background of global urbanization, the continuous expansion and extensive utilization of urban and rural construction land has caused a large amount of arable land to be occupied, which seriously threatens national food security. This paper describes the spatio-temporal patterns of urban and rural construction land expansion and its occupation of arable land by using the urban and rural construction land expansion intensity, the urban and rural construction land expansion intensity difference index, and geo-detector model. It also explores the mechanisms through which the arable land was occupied. Results showed that construction land in both urban and rural areas expanded over the period 2009–2018 despite a large number of rural and urban migrants, and the major contributor to the rapid urbanization in China. This dual expansion could mainly be attributed to the tendency of these migrants to keep or even enlarge their rural construction land, which also resulted in a severer arable land loss than that caused by the expansion of urban construction land. Second, the rate of arable land occupied by urban and rural construction land in Henan province has been gradually slowing down, whereas the expansion of rural construction land is most dependent on arable land occupation. Third, according to the geo-detector model, the relationship between urbanization level and arable land occupied by urban and rural construction was the strongest, followed by the growth rate of fixed asset investment and the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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46. Impact of Land Use Change on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Ecosystem Service Values in South China Karst Areas.
- Author
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Chi, Yongkuan and He, Cheng
- Subjects
LAND use ,KARST ,WATER conservation ,ECOSYSTEM services ,FOREST biodiversity ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,FORESTS & forestry ,RESOURCE exploitation ,ARABLE land - Abstract
Resource depletion, land-use change, and population growth triggered by the industrial revolution represent serious issues shared globally that have altered the structure, processes, and functions of ecosystems and had significant impacts on human well-being and survival security. This paper assesses changes in ecosystem service values (ESVs) in karst areas based on the perspective of land-use change. Guizhou province, which is typical of the South China Karst (SCK) ecologically fragile areas, was taken as a research subject. The past, current, and future spatial-temporal evolution of karst ESVs were assessed, using equivalence factors and CA-Markov modelling methods. The results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2040, arable land, woodland, and grassland occupy the main land types in the study area; at the same time, the water and built-up areas show a steady growth trend, with dramatic land use shifts occurring in the western, middle, and northern parts. (2) The overall ESVs increased by US$ 31.12 million during the study period, showing a temporal change trend of first decreasing and then increasing; forest land, grassland, and arable land area shift are the main factors of ESVs change; soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and gas regulation functions are enhanced and play a vital role in the single ESVs increase; ESVs show a basin-type spatial distribution pattern. (3) The sensitivity index is <1, the ESV is inelastic to the VC factor adjustment, and the results are true and valid. This paper found that using quantitative methods to predict land use change of the South China Karst can provide accurate assessment of the differences in supply and demand for natural and social ecosystem services (ES) in a region, clarifying the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem service functions, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development, and providing a practical reference for global land landscape optimization and land resource planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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47. Integrating microbial physiology and physiochemical principles in soils with the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model.
- Author
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Wieder, W. R., Grandy, A. S., Kallenbach, C. M., and Bonan, G. B.
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MICROBIAL physiology ,BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles ,ANIMAL litters ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,ARABLE land ,BIOLOGICAL products ,CARBON - Abstract
Previous modeling efforts document divergent responses of microbial explicit soil biogeochemistry models when compared to traditional models that implicitly simulate microbial activity, particularly following environmental perturbations. However, microbial models are needed that capture current soil biogeochemical theories emphasizing the relationships between litter quality, functional differences in microbial physiology, and the physical protection of microbial byproducts in forming stable soil organic matter (SOM). To address these limitations we introduce the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model. In MIMICS, the turnover of litter and SOM pools are governed by temperature sensitive Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the activity of two physiologically distinct microbial functional types. The production of microbial residues through microbial turnover provides inputs to SOM pools that are considered physically or chemically protected. Soil clay content determines the physical protection of SOM in different soil environments. MIMICS adequately simulates the mean rate of leaf litter decomposition observed at a temperate and boreal forest sites, and captures observed effects of litter quality on decomposition rates. Initial results from MIMICS suggest that soil C storage can be maximized in sandy soils with low-quality litter inputs, whereas high-quality litter inputs may maximize SOM accumulation in finely textured soils that physically stabilize microbial products. Assumptions in MIMICS about the degree to which microbial functional types differ in the production, turnover, and stabilization of microbial residues provides a mechanism by which microbial communities may influence SOM dynamics in mineral soils. Although further analyses are needed to validate model results, MIMICS allows us to begin exploring theoretical interactions between substrate quality, microbial community abundance, and the formation of stable SOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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48. Risk assessment of high concentrations of molybdenum in forage
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Anders Jonsson, Mats Söderström, and Ulf Axelson
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Biogeochemical cycle ,Environmental Engineering ,Parent material ,Forage ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Risk Assessment ,Soil ,Animal and Dairy Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Naturvetenskap ,Environmental monitoring ,Environmental Chemistry ,Risk assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Hydrology ,Molybdenum ,Topsoil ,Original Paper ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Ruminants ,Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Arable land ,Natural Sciences ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Molybdenum is toxic to ruminants when present in high levels in forage, causing physiological copper deficiency. A critical level for ruminants is 3–10 mg Mo kg−1 dry matter. The average Mo level varies considerably between different arable soils, depending mainly on soil parent material. This study investigated the possibility of using various existing sources of geospatial information (geophysical, biogeochemical and soil chemical) to develop a geography-based risk assessment system. Forage samples (n = 173) were collected in 2006–2007. Three types of national geoscientific datasets were tested: (1) SEPA topsoil, comprising data from arable land within the Swedish environmental monitoring programme; (2) SGU biogeochemical, containing data from aquatic plant root material collected in small streams; and (3) SGU geophysical, consisting of data from airborne gamma-ray scanning. The digital postcode area map was used for geocoding, with Mo concentrations in forage assigned to arable parts of the corresponding postcode area. By combining this with the three national geoscientific databases, it was possible to construct a risk map using fuzzy classification depicting High-risk, Intermediate-risk, Low-risk and Very-low-risk areas. The map was validated using 42 randomly selected samples. All samples but one with Mo > 3 mg kg−1 were found in postcode areas designated High risk. Thus, the risk map developed seems to be useful as a decision support system on where standard forage analyses need to be supplemented with Mo analyses.
- Published
- 2018
49. Assessment of the pollution and ecological risk of lead and cadmium in soils
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Agnieszka Baran, Agnieszka Klimowicz-Pawlas, Krzysztof Urbański, Jerzy Wieczorek, and Ryszard Mazurek
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Risk ,Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,Bioavailability ,Soil test ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Geostatistics ,010501 environmental sciences ,Silt ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Risk assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common ,Original Paper ,Principal Component Analysis ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,General Medicine ,Soil factors ,Lead ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Poland ,Arable land ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the content, distribution, soil binding capacity, and ecological risk of cadmium and lead in the soils of Malopolska (South Poland). The investigation of 320 soil samples from differently used land (grassland, arable land, forest, wasteland) revealed a very high variation in the metal content in the soils. The pollution of soils with cadmium and lead is moderate. Generally, a point source of lead and cadmium pollution was noted in the study area. The highest content of cadmium and lead was found in the northwestern part of the area-the industrial zones (mining and metallurgical activity). These findings are confirmed by the arrangement of semivariogram surfaces and bivariate Moran's correlation coefficients. Among the different types of land use, forest soils had by far the highest mean content of bioavailable forms of both metals. The results showed a higher soil binding capacity for lead than for cadmium. However, for both metals, extremely high (class 5) accumulation capacities were dominant. Based on the results, the investigated soils had a low (Pb) and moderate (Cd) ecological risk on living components. Soil properties, such as organic C, pH, sand, silt, and clay content, correlated with the content of total and bioavailable forms of metals in the soils. The correlations, despite being statistically significant, were characterized by very low values of correlation coefficient (r = 0.12-0.20, at p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the obtained data do not allow to define any conclusions as to the relationships between these soil properties. However, it must be highlighted that there was a very strong positive correlation between the total content of cadmium and lead and their bioavailable forms in the soils.
- Published
- 2018
50. Analysis of County-Scale Eco-Efficiency and Spatiotemporal Characteristics in China.
- Author
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Zhang, Hui, Sun, Yingqi, Fan, Zhaoying, Long, Zhi, Wan, Shilong, Zhang, Zilong, and Chen, Xingpeng
- Subjects
REGIONAL development ,ARABLE land ,FEDERAL government ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
Eco-efficiency is a key indicator to measure the level of regional sustainable development. The county is the basic spatial unit of socio-economic activities and sustainable policy implementation in China. Hence, this paper conducts eco-efficiency analysis at the county scale in order to provide reference for the central and local governments to formulate differentiated eco-efficiency enhancement policies, further promote Chinese ecological sustainable development, and advance the construction of ecological civilization with high quality. Based on the Super-Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model and the Malmquist index, the paper constructed an eco-efficiency measurement method and analyzed the variation characteristics, influencing factors, spatial pattern of eco-efficiency in Chinese counties from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) The eco-efficiency of the county unit was generally low in China and was roughly distributed in a pyramid. The county-level eco-efficiency had a spatial distribution pattern of being high in the west and low in the east, and high in the south and low in the north, with significant non-equilibrium. There was a positive correlation between eco-efficiency of neighboring counties in China. (2) The per-capita GDP has a significant positive correlation with eco-efficiency, while energy consumption, arable land area and eco-efficiency have a negative correlation. The redundancy rate of input indicators was high in Chinese counties. (3) During the study period, the eco-efficiency of most counties displayed a fluctuating growth trend. The growth was mainly driven by technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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