Search

We report on a paper-based 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for a simple, inexpensive, low reagent and sample consumption and high throughput analysis of antioxidant activity. The paper-based device was fabricated using a lamination method to create a 5-mm in diameter circular test zone that was embedded with a DPPH reagent. The analysis was carried out in one-step by dropping an antioxidant/sample onto the test zone. After reduction by the antioxidant, the DPPH radicals become stable DPPH molecules, resulting in a change in color from deep violet to pale yellow. The violet color intensity of DPPH was inversely proportional to the antioxidant activity of the samples, and was measured using imaging software. A high precision and a low limit of detection were found in the analysis of six standard antioxidants including gallic acid, trolox, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, vanilliic acid and quercetin. The device was then validated against the traditional spectrophotometric DPPH assay by analyzing the antioxidant activity of 7 tea samples. The results showed no significant difference for gallic acid equivalent for all 7 samples obtained from the two methods at the 95% confidence level, indicating that the developed method was reliable for antioxidant activity analysis of real samples. Finally, the paper-based DPPH device was found to be stable over 10 days when stored in a refrigerator (2 - 4°C), making it an easy-to-use device for end-users.

Although synthetic antioxidants (AOs) and photoinitiators (PIs) are known to be used in printing inks, there are little data on residual concentrations in printing paper products. In the present study, twenty-five PIs, ten AOs, and six transformation products were analyzed in two types of printing paper products, magazines and paperboard food packaging materials, both of which are unavoidable everyday products in our life. Nine AOs and six transformation products can be detected in food packaging materials with total concentrations (geometric mean, GM) of 1.16 × 10 4 ng/dm 2 . Twenty-two PIs were detected in food packaging materials with total concentrations (GM) of 1.76 × 10 4 ng/dm 2 . These chemicals were also detected in magazines, albeit at low concentrations (GM of AOs: 466 ng/dm 2 , GM of PIs: 1.17 × 10 3 ng/dm 2 ). Magazine front covers were found to have much higher concentrations of the target compounds than magazine inside pages. Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168O), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), bisphenol A (BPA), and benzophenone (BP) were among the predominant chemicals in those printing paper products. Preliminary calculations suggest that dermal exposure to AOs (GM: 6.25 ng/day) and PIs (GM: 17.0 ng/day) via contact with printing paper products is a minor exposure pathway compared to food intake/dust ingestion and is exceedingly unlikely to cause adverse health effects., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Despite recent advancements in the field of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), a key challenge remains in developing a simple and efficient μPAD with customized imaging capabilities for antioxidant assays. In the present study, we report a facile approach for μPAD fabrication through the application of transparent nail paint leading to creation of hydrophobic barriers and well-defined channels. The resultant μPADs were then characterized through scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The resolution and functional features of the fabricated μPAD were amenable to the intended assay. The μPAD's impregnated poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-coated cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles oxidized the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) leading to the formation of a blue-colored charge-transfer complex. The addition of different antioxidant standard solutions resulted in a reduction in the blue color in a dose-dependent manner which could be observed visually. The color intensity of the PMAA-CeO 2 nanoparticle@TMB oxidation product was inversely proportional to the antioxidant concentration and was measured using customized in-house MATLAB-based image processing software. Importantly, PMAA-CeO 2 nanoparticle-based μPADs demonstrated good analytical characteristics and were able to be stored for long periods without any loss of activity. Moreover, potential interferents did not pose any threat to the colorimetric signal read-out for determination of antioxidant activity. The developed method was further applied for the assessment of antioxidant activity in a variety of tea samples and performed satisfactorily in comparison with a commonly used antioxidant detection method. Collectively, the developed μPAD-based platform holds great potential as a low-cost, convenient, portable and reliable method for pursuing various on-site antioxidant assays. Graphical Abstract.

Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms' associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts' of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts' at 9 00  μ g ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79  μ g ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B . anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) represent one of the promising green analytical strategies for low-cost and simple determination of various analytes. The actual task is the development of such devices for quantitation of antioxidants, e.g., flavonoids. In this paper, possibilities of a novel three-reagent µPAD including silver nitrate, 4-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate, and iron(III) chloride as reagents are assessed with respect to the determination of dihydroquercetin. It is shown that all the three reagents produce different colorimetric responses that can be detected by a mini-spectrophotometer–monitor calibrator or by a smartphone. The method is applicable to direct measuring high contents of dihydroquercetin (the linearity range is 0.026–1 mg mL−1, and the limit of detection is 7.7 µg mL−1), which is favorable for many dietary supplements. The analysis of a food supplement was possible with the relative standard deviations of 9–26%, which is satisfactory for quantitative and semiquantitative determinations. It was found that plotting a calibration graph in 3D space of the three reagents’ responses allows us to distinguish dihydroquercetin from its close structural analogue, quercetin.

In protecting cultural heritage, deacidification is used to stabilize acidic papers, ensuring the neutralization of acids present in the paper. But in the process of aging, several mechanisms of degradation occur simultaneously. Therefore, substances used to stabilize the paper should contain an antioxidant component in addition to the deacidifying component. The effect of the antioxidant (hindered amine light stabilizers—HALS type) on the stabilization of lignin-containing acid papers during accelerated aging was studied in this work. The effective deacidification component was magnesium; the solvent was hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine series of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) was selected as appropriate for creating a modifying system based on HMDSO. The modification system was tested on samples of a model test acid lignin-containing paper (NOVO) and naturally aged acidic paper from the real book. The addition of substances to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH during aging and provides the inhibition of the oxidative degradation products and stabilization of the cellulose degree of polymerization. It was confirmed that the application of the system containing deacidification and an antioxidant component may increase the effectiveness of the protection of acid groundwood paper heritage objects. Adding a tested antioxidant to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH value for a long time in accelerated aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress is an important factor that substantially impacts crop production. As a result, there is a need for various strategies that can mitigate these negative effects. One such strategy is the application of potassium humate (Kh) and cobalt (Co), which have been reported to enhance the resistance of crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to investigate whether the application of Kh and Co could positively affect proline, chlorophyll and mineral elements contents, and antioxidant defense systems which in turn will mitigate the negative impact of water stress under different irrigation strategies. In 2021 and 2022, an open-field experiments were conducted by using a split-plot design. The main plots were divided to represent different irrigation strategies (ST), with additional control of full irrigation requirements (ST1). Four STs were implemented, with ST1, followed by the application of 75%, 50%, and 25% irrigation strategies in ST2, ST3, and ST4 respectively, in the next irrigation, followed by the full requirements, and so on. In the subplots, peanut plants were treated with tap water (Control), Kh at 2 g l -1 and 3 g l -1 , Co, Co + Kh 2 g l -1 and Co + Kh 3 g l -1 . The yield was negatively affected by the implementation of ST4, despite the increase in proline contents. Furthermore, there was a decrease in relative water content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and mineral nutrient elements. However, the application of Kh or Co showed better improvements in most of the studied parameters. It is worth noting that there was an antagonistic relationship between Co and iron/manganese, and the intensity of this relationship was found to depend on the STs implemented. The highest mineral nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll content, relative water content, protein content, oil content, seed yield, and water productivity were observed when peanut plants were treated with Kh 3 g l -1  + Co under the ST2 water strategy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This paper presents an experimental study on the physicochemical properties of rice oil, peanut oil, corn oil and Kraft paper immersed in these oils in the presence of antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butyl hydroquinone and Naugalube¯ 750). The experiments are performed on new and aged conditions. Ageing of oils is carried at 115 °C for 96 hours while Kraft paper is aged in oils at 130 °C for 164 hours. Both closed and open cup methods are used for ageing. The results show that ageing insignificantly affects the breakdown voltage, but markedly increases the acid number and the viscosity of the vegetable oils. The combination of tertiary butyl hydroquinone and either butylated hydroxytoluene or Naugalube¯ 750 slightly increases the breakdown voltage, but significantly raises the oxidation stability of the vegetable oils. This results in a reduction in the viscosity and the acid number of the vegetable oils. Moisture significantly affects the breakdown voltage of both vegetable and mineral oil. High moisture content results in low breakdown voltage. The results also show that ageing insignificantly affects the breakdown voltage, but markedly decreases the tensile strength of oil-impregnated paper. Although the presence of antioxidants does not increase the breakdown voltage of aged paper, these additives slow down the ageing process. This results in an increase in tensile strength of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne is a common skin issue that typically occurs during adolescence. It causes long-lasting redness and swelling in the skin. An alternative approach to treating acne could involve using a cosmetic facial mask containing herbal ingredients such as Curcumin and Rosa Damascena extract for its antibacterial properties., Aims: This study aims to create and try out a peel-off mask gel made from Curcumin and R. Damascena extract. This gel is intended to have the ability to kill bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes and remove dead cells from the skin surface., Methods: The peel-off mask was made using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 8% and 10% as solidifier. The evaluation of peel-off masks comprises the examination of physiochemical and mechanical aspects. Furthermore, their longevity, effectiveness, and antibacterial properties are also considered., Results: The white color, pleasant smell, and soft texture were the defining features of the peel-off gel mask. The changes in PVA affect the pH level, thickness, and how quickly the peel-off mask dries. The stability test found that the peel-off mask had no significant physical changes when exposed to freezing and thawing. However, there were some differences in color and separation when using the real-time method. A prepared peel-off mask containing 10% PVA and curcumin works best against P. acne. The amount of PVA in the formula affected the physical and chemical qualities, but it did not impact on the antibacterial abilities of the peel-off mask gel. The best formula that gives the best results uses 10% PVA + curcumin., Conclusions: Using the Curcumin and R. Damascena extract in the creation of the peel-off mask gel ensures its efficacy and safety for skin application., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) represent one of the promising green analytical strategies for low-cost and simple determination of various analytes. The actual task is the development of such devices for quantitation of antioxidants, e.g., flavonoids. In this paper, possibilities of a novel three-reagent µPAD including silver nitrate, 4-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate, and iron(III) chloride as reagents are assessed with respect to the determination of dihydroquercetin. It is shown that all the three reagents produce different colorimetric responses that can be detected by a mini-spectrophotometer–monitor calibrator or by a smartphone. The method is applicable to direct measuring high contents of dihydroquercetin (the linearity range is 0.026–1 mg mL−1, and the limit of detection is 7.7 µg mL−1), which is favorable for many dietary supplements. The analysis of a food supplement was possible with the relative standard deviations of 9–26%, which is satisfactory for quantitative and semiquantitative determinations. It was found that plotting a calibration graph in 3D space of the three reagents' responses allows us to distinguish dihydroquercetin from its close structural analogue, quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The antioxidant properties of the three polyphenolic compounds (carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin) of Salvia officinalis L. were investigated employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP of basis set at 6-311 +  + G (d, p) in order to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The enthalpies of reactions associated with the SET-PT, SPLET, and HAT mechanisms were analyzed in gas and in different solvents using the CPCM (conductor-like polarizable continuum) model. For all possible hydrogen donor sites, the corresponding parameters (BDE, AIP, PDE, PA, ETE, HOMOs, and LUMOs) and reactivity indices (IPE, EA, Χ, η, S, and ω) were also evaluated. The calculated results showed that derivatives 12-OH, 11-OH, 4'-OH, and 3'-OH had the lowest antioxidant activity. The results showed as well that carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin have higher reactivity compared to ascorbic acid and could be considered better antioxidants. According to research, the catechol group is crucial in influencing the studied compounds antioxidant activity. The theoretically predicted order of antioxidant efficiencies in this work agrees well with the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) data. The findings show that in the vacuum as well as benzene media. HAT would be the most effective mechanism; in contrast, the thermodynamic equilibrium approach in polar media is the SPLET mechanism. Likewise, the outcomes of the docking modeling confirm that the selected molecules have high inhibitory activity to glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) receptors. Moreover, they have very important pharmacokinetic, chemical, and biological profiles. Finally, all the results show that the three natural molecules have good pharmacokinetic profiles, particularly the bioavailability and permeability toward biological membranes., Methods: The software packages used in this investigation are Gaussian 16, Discovery studio Visualizer, and AutoDock vina. The three compounds (carnosol, cirsiliol, and luteolin) of Salvia officinalis L. were optimized with DFT/B3LYP of basis set at 6-311 +  + G (d, p). The optimized structures were established via vibrational analysis (i.e., no imaginary frequencies in the frequency set). All enthalpies were zero-point (ZPE) corrected. Vibrational frequency calculations were performed at 298.15 K and 1 atmosphere pressure to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of the investigated reactions. The descriptors were associated with the antioxidant mechanisms for investigated molecules in vacuum and in various solvents. The molecular docking was used by AutoDock vina to estimate and evaluate the title compounds compatibility as potential antioxidant drugs utilizing appropriate receptor proteins. The solvation effect in the medium of benzene (ɛ = 2.27) and water (ɛ = 78.39) was taken into account. Furthermore, a methanol solvent (ɛ = 32.61) was also taken into consideration to compare with the empirical data., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study assesses the antioxidant enzymes activities viz., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecule such as glutathione in Anguilla anguilla L. gill, kidney and liver in response to 8- and 48-h exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME). A. anguilla were caged and plunged at three different sites-50 (Site 1), 100 (Site 2) and 2000 m (Site 3) away from the closed BKPME outlet. A significant gill (8 and 48 h) and kidney (48 h) catalase activity decrease was observed at site 2 exposure whereas liver showed a significant increase in catalase activity after 8 and 48 h to site 1 exposure. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly decreased in gill after 8-h exposure to site 1 and 48-h exposures to sites 1 and 2, respectively. Concerning gill, kidney and liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, a significant gill GST activity decrease after 8 h at site 2 and 48 h at sites 1 and 2 was observed; in kidney, a significant decrease in its activity was observed after 48 h at sites 1 and 2, respectively, whereas in liver, the decrease was significant only at site 2 after 48-h exposure. The in situ BKPME exposure caused a significant total gill and kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) decrease after 8 h at site 2 exposure and after 48 h at site 1 and 2 exposures, respectively. However, a biphasic response was observed in liver, i.e. initial significant increase after 8 h at site 2 followed by a significant decrease after 48 h to the same site exposure. The enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants pattern in gill and kidney, as observed in this study, was different than liver, demonstrating that the liver was more resistant to oxidative damage than gill and kidney. In addition, A. anguilla gill, kidney and liver antioxidants adaptation potentials may serve as a surrogate biomarker to BKPME exposure.

Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), commonly known as the rose hip, is originated from Europe, Africa, and Asia with a long history in medicinal applications. This study aimed to analyze the morphological traits, fatty acids profile, and content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamin C, total carotenoid, total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of the fruits of eleven Iranian R. canina ecotypes (RCEs). The highest coefficient of variation was obtained in 1000 seed weight (46.57%). The seed oil varied from 8.08 ± 0.17% to 16.91 ± 0.35%. Linoleic (35.41 ± 0.78% to 49.59 ± 0.96%) and eicosanoic (17.67 ± 0.06% to 25.36 ± 0.54%) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the studied samples. The anthocyanin content in the fruits was ranged from 0.98 ± 0.03 to 4.41 ± 0.04 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g of dry weight (mg C3G/100 g DW). The high content of vitamin C (103.51 ± 1.24-419.70 ± 3.12 mg/100 g DW), total carotenoid (111.22 ± 0.78-206.98 ± 1.25 mg β-carotene equivalents per g of dry weight (mg β-CARE/g DW)), total phenol (52.87 ± 0.82-104.52 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g DW), and total flavonoid (14.20 ± 0.12-25.18 ± 0.47 mg RE/g DW) were observed in the studied samples. Catechin (20.42 ± 0.47-19.22 ± 0.13 µg/g DW) was the major phenolic compound. The high antioxidant activity in the fruits of the plant was recorded in the studied RCEs (IC 50  = 12.54 ± 0.18-26.33 ± 0.13 μg/ml). A significant correlation between some phytochemical compounds (dependent variable) and morphological features (independent variable) was found. Based on our findings, the fruit of the studied ecotypes can be used for future breeding programs and drug development., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: The semiactive or inactive probiotics or their extracts used in dermatology have interesting properties to ameliorate signs of irritated skin and enhance the skin barrier. Bifidobacterium, as the most common probiotics, which has been found to be effective in reducing acne and improving the skin barrier function of atopic dermatitis. Bifida Ferment Lysate (BFL) can be obtained from Bifidobacterium by fermentation and extraction., Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of a topically used BFL on the skin using in vitro evaluation methods., Results: The results showed that upregulation of skin physical barrier gene (FLG, LOR, IVL, TGM1, and AQP3) and antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP and hBD-2) in HaCaT cells by BFL might be responsible for skin barrier resistance. In addition, BFL had strong antioxidant properties representing a dose-dependent increasing of the scavenging capacity of DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. BFL treatment also fundamentally inhibited the intracellular ROS and MDA production and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GSH-Px) in H 2 O 2 -stimulated HaCaT cells. As a good immunomodulatory factor, BFL efficiently decreased the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α cytokines, and COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages., Conclusion: BFL can strengthen the skin barrier function and stimulate skin barrier resistance, to reinforce the skin against oxidative stress and inflammatory stimuli., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

MXene‐based thermal camouflage materials have gained increasing attention due to their low emissivity, however, the poor anti‐oxidation restricts their potential applications under complex environments. Various modification methods and strategies, e.g., the addition of antioxidant molecules and fillers have been developed to overcome this, but the realization of long‐term, reliable thermal camouflage using MXene network (coating) with excellent comprehensive performance remains a great challenge. Here, a MXene‐based hybrid network comodified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and hyperbranched polysiloxane (HSi) molecules is designed and fabricated. Notably, the presence of appreciated HA molecules restricts the oxidation of MXene sheets without altering infrared stealth performance, superior to other water‐soluble polymers; while the HSi molecules can act as efficient cross‐linking agents to generate strong interactions between MXene sheets and HA molecules. The optimized MXene/HA/HSi composites exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility (folded into crane structure), good water/solvent resistance, and long‐term stable thermal camouflage capability (with low infrared emissivity of ≈0.29). The long‐term thermal camouflage reliability (≈8 months) under various outdoor weathers and the scalable coating capability of the MXene‐coated textile enable them to disguise the IR signal of various targets in complex environments, indicating the great promise of achieved material for thermal camouflage, IR stealth, and counter surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus radiata barks obtained from tress of different ages, as subproduct of pulp and paper (trees less than 10 years) and sawmill (trees between 20 to 25 years) industries, were used to produce extracts containing phenolic compounds. A factorial design 2³ was used to evaluate the influence of the variables temperature (25 - 35 ºC), solvent type (acetone - ethanol) and extraction time (1-12 h). The extracts were compared in their extraction yield (%), total phenols (by FolinCiocalteau), and radical scavenging activity (by DPPH). The extract obtained from old trunks presented a higher extraction yield than from young trees. The highest yield value was 2.56%, which was obtained using acetone as solvent for 12 h and 35°C. The highest concentration of phenol (5.84± 0.18 g CE g extract-1), and scavenging activity (IP=86.1± 4.4%) were also obtained for this type of extract. The extraction duration was the variable that most influenced the parameters studied. The bark’s radical scavenging power was greater than BHT (40%) and slightly lower than ascorbic acid (92%), common commercial antioxidants.

The paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaf is rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, which has high medicinal and feeding value. We aimed to analyze the effects of B. papyrifera leaf extract on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and fecal microflora of weaned piglets. Thirty healthy, 28-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to three groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 150, and 300 g/t B. papyrifera leaf extract for 42 days (control group, group I, and group II) separately. The result revealed that the final weight of piglets in group II was higher than the other groups, and the diarrhea rate in this group was 62.9% lower than in the control group. The feed conversion ratio in group I was significantly lower than the other two groups. Higher blood urine nitrogen concentration was noted in group II, higher glutathione peroxidase and catalase in group II, higher superoxide dismutase in the control group, and higher immune globulins (Ig) IgG, IgA, and IgM in group II. There was no significant difference in community richness and community diversity among the three groups of fecal samples. The relative level of Roseburia was higher in groups I and II, while Lactobacillus was higher in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation with B. papyrifera leaf extract at a certain dosage can increase growth performance and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets, reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, enhance immune functions and disease resistance, and affect the composition of fecal microflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus radiata barks obtained from tress of different ages, as subproduct of pulp and paper (trees less than 10 years) and sawmill (trees between 20 to 25 years) industries, were used to produce extracts containing phenolic compounds. A factorial design 23 was used to evaluate the influence of the variables temperature (25 – 35 ºC), solvent type (acetone - ethanol) and extraction time (1-12 h). The extracts were compared in their extraction yield (%), total phenols (by FolinCiocalteau), and radical scavenging activity (by DPPH). The extract obtained from old trunks presented a higher extraction yield than from young trees. The highest yield value was 2.56%, which was obtained using acetone as solvent for 12 h and 35°C. The highest concentration of phenol (5.84±0.18 g CE g extract-1), and scavenging activity (IP=86.1±4.4%) were also obtained for this type of extract. The extraction duration was the variable that most influenced the parameters studied. The bark’s radical scavenging power was greater than BHT (40%) and slightly lower than ascorbic acid (92%), common commercial antioxidants.

Copyright of Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences / Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Nigde Omer Halisdemir Universitesi (NOHU), Muhendislik Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The wide prevalence of oxidative stress-induced diseases has led to a growing demand for antioxidant therapeutics worldwide. Nanozyme antioxidants are drawing enormous attention as practical alternatives for conventional antioxidants. The considerable body of research over the last decade and the promising results achieved signify the potential of nanozyme antioxidants to secure a place in the expanding market of antioxidant therapeutics. Nonetheless, there is no report on clinical trials for their further evaluation. Through analyzing in-depth selected papers which have conducted in vivo studies on nanozyme antioxidants, this review aims to pinpoint and discuss possible reasons impeding development of research toward clinical studies and to offer some practical solutions for future studies to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical stages.

The present study investigates the influence of on-tree fruit bagging on the quality and shelf life of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. 'Samar Bahisht Chaunsa') during cold storage (12 °C ± 1; 85–90% RH) for 0, 10 and 20 days (d) and subsequent shelf storage under ambient conditions (25 °C ± 1; 60–65% RH). Fruits were covered with brown paper bags at the marble stage and then harvested at commercial maturity. Results showed that 0 d and 10 d cold-stored fruits, irrespective of bagging treatments, retained eatable quality and shelf-life up to 7 d and 5 d during ambient storage, respectively. However, bagged fruits had better postharvest performance compared with non-bagged fruits by exhibiting slower weight loss, higher fruit firmness, more total soluble solids, vitamin C and total phenolic content and higher activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase during cold storage and ambient shelf storage. On the other hand, 20 d cold-stored fruits, both bagged and non-bagged, were decayed when kept under ambient conditions. It is proposed that mango fruit bagging could be a potential cultural practice to preserve postharvest quality up to 10 d of cold storage, followed by 5 d under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based analytical devices are an emerging class of lightweight and simple-to-use analytical platform. However, challenges such as instrumental requirements and chemical reagents durability, represent a barrier for less-developed countries andmarkets. Herein, we report an advanced laminated device using red emitting copper nanocluster and RGB digital analysis for signal improvement. Upon RGB system assistance, the device signal-to-background ratio and the calibration sensitivity are highly enhanced under a filter-free setup. In addition, the calibration sensitivity, limit of detection, and coefficient of determination are on par with those determined by instrumental fluorescence analysis. Moreover, the limitation of using oxidation-susceptible fluorescent nanomaterials is overcome by the introduction of protecting tape barriers, antioxidative sheets, and lamination enclosing. The robustness of device is highly advanced, and the durability is prolonged to more than tenfold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, climate change is not the only threat facing our planet. There are also other types of pollution such as waste that poisons soils and water and kills plants, harming humans and animals. Sustainability represents a key issue for the actual Global Citizen. For this reason, our article is dedicated to offering biofriendly solutions to decrease wastes, give them a positive meaning, such as a substrate for an edible oyster fungus with nutritive and biological properties usefully for humans. Three types of wastes such as coconut coir, pine sawdust, and paper waste—representative symbols of pollution in Ecuador—have been tested as suitable growing substrate for the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm by analyzing parameters such as Biological Efficiency, Mushroom Yield, and Productive Rate. The influence of these "waste" substrates on the nutritive (protein content), biological characteristic (antioxidant activity), and the content of human-health-sustaining compounds (phenols, flavonoids) were also evaluated using the Kjeldahal, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. The results indicate that all the waste products represent desirable substrates for growing the edible fungi, with more focus on coconut coir waste (one of the principal pollution problems in Ecuador), but that also achieved the increase in the fungi's desirable characteristics. Coconut coir waste could be an environmentally friendly solution that also offers for humans additional nutritive and healthy benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical behavior of three synthetic antioxidants, Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), Butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA), and tert-Butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) was researched by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique on carbon paste electrode (CPE). According to this, a new method for the simultaneous determination of BHA, BHT, and TBHQ alone or in their mixtures was developed in order to obtain optimum concentration antioxidants against “ink corrosion” phenomenon in the iron gall inked papers. DPV can be used for quantitative data determination and also analysis studies on the kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism of electrochemical reaction parameters. The voltammetric peaks of these antioxidants show well-defined and separated oxidation peaks based on their oxidation of BHA, BHT, and TBHQ. The proposed procedure is to provide a relationship between the peak current and analyte concentration. In addition, we found that during the redox reactions of TBHQ, BHA, and BHT, the redox peak currents increased and peak potentials highly shifted that these conditions can be attributed to the advantages of their strongly electro-active electrode. More results suggest that they have the same oxidation products. The obtained results indicate the sensitive, precise, and accurate method that can be an analytical alternative for existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Current study presents the effect of irrigation with different compositions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of PBM effluent on growth and antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa var. rapa L. plants. Seeds were exposed to different PBM effluent compositions, which resulted in significant decrease in their germination potential with elevated delay index. Significant changes in growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and leaf area) were recorded for turnip plants at regular intervals (25, 50 and 75d) as function of PBM effluent proportion. Response of biochemical and antioxidant constituents in different parts of turnip, against stress induced by PBM effluent, was assessed by estimating the contents of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, protein, phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring DPPH radical scavenging potential. The results of this study suggest that the impact of PBM effluent irrigation is dependent on concentration of effluent in irrigation mixture and is very clear on plant growth and antioxidant attributes. Maximum benefits were secured at 40% PBM effluent to irrigate turnip plants till maturity while higher concentrations were found useful for shorter period (25–50d). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recently we demonstrated that in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) macrophage-oxidative burst activity is increased and NADPH oxidase mRNA is induced. The herbal phenylethanoid acteoside isolated from Plantago lanceolata L. was shown to exhibit anti-oxidative potential. Using the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, in this study we have assessed whether systemic application of acteoside affects colitis. Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. Treatment with acteoside (120, 600 microg/mouse/day) was performed intraperitoneally. The colon lengths were determined. Colonic tissue was scored histologically (max. score 8) by a blinded investigator. T cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2 (final concentration 10 U/ml). After incubation for 24 h, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels in supernatants were analysed by the beadlyte cytokine detection system. Histological scoring of colonic tissue revealed that application of acteoside was followed by a significantly improved histological score. In acute colitis the histological score was 3.2 with acteoside versus 5.2 with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0.02). In chronic colitis both 120 microg (3.3 versus 5.2) or 600 microg acteoside (3.0 versus 5.2) significantly ameliorated colitis (both P < 0.02). Stimulated MLN from mice with chronic DSS-induced colitis treated with acteoside showed a significant down-regulation of IFN-gamma secretion (195 pg/ml with 600 microg acteoside versus 612 pg/ml with PBS, P < 0.02). Inhibition of oxidative burst activity with acteoside reduced mucosal tissue damage in DSS colitis and could be a therapeutic alternative for IBD treatment. Further studies of this agent are warranted.

Effects of different concentrations of wastewater (chemical oxygen demands of 300, 175 and 50 mg•L-1) from a paper mill on seedling growth and antioxidant system in reeds were tested in experimental pools that simulated the wetland ecosystem. Root length, biomass and moisture content, but not shoot moisture content and plant height, significantly increased with increases in wastewater concentration. At 300 mg•L-1, shoot biomass increased by 52.5% and root biomass increased by 73.05% over the control. Malondialdehyde content, production rate of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide content all decreased with increasing concentration. At 300 mg•L-1, malondialdehyde content, production rate of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide content were 0.34, 0.24 and 0.16 times, respectively, those of the control in leaves and were 0.25, 0.19 and 0.17 times, respectively, those of the control in roots. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities and ascorbic acid and glutathione contents in reeds significantly increased with increasing concentrations of wastewater. These results suggest that a concentration of 300 mg•L-1 could improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the generation of malondialdehyde, thus effectively alleviating the damage caused by salinity in wetland soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soy, red clover, chaste tree, hop and flax have all been found to contain a wide range of phytoestrogenic compounds, and a large number of dietary supplements contain their extracts as principal ingredients. This study is aimed to evaluate the total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of phytoestrogen-containing food and formulated dietary supplements. The HPLC-DPPH method was applied for DPPH free radical scavenging activity testing of various phytoestrogen-containing samples. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in dietary supplements were higher than in functional food samples; multiple-botanical-source preparations showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant activity than the mono-botanical counterparts. Furthermore, the correlation between polyphenol content and anti-oxidant activity was strongly statistically significant, so it might be concluded that antioxidant activity is proportional to the content of these secondary metabolites. The most striking batch-to-batch deviations were represented by one chaste berry-based product (RSD 41.3 %) and one red clover derived product (RSD 57.9 %). The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of phytoestrogen containing food and dietary supplements., (© 2022 Daniela Amidžić Klarić et al., published by Sciendo.)