3,024 results
Search Results
2. How to read a research paper: An exercise using a study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy
- Author
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Chittaranjan Andrade
- Subjects
Antidepressants ,confounding variables ,depression ,how to read a research paper ,pregnancy ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
The ability to critically read a research paper is a skill that all postgraduate students and academicians require because the findings of a study must be interpreted in the context of its strengths and limitations. This article summarizes a recent study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy; preterm birth and low-birth weight were the outcomes of interest. The strengths and limitations of the study are considered, as are the best and worst case scenarios related to antidepressant use during pregnancy. It is hoped that this exercise will increase the reader's awareness of statistical and methodological issues that emerge when a study is critically examined.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Carbon Nanohorn Suprastructures on a Paper Support as a Sorptive Phase
- Author
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Julia Ríos-Gómez, Beatriz Fresco-Cala, María Teresa García-Valverde, Rafael Lucena, and Soledad Cárdenas
- Subjects
carbon nanohorns ,sorptive phase ,paper ,microextraction ,antidepressants ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This article describes a method for the modification of paper with single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) to form stable suprastructures. The SWCNHs form stable dahlia-like aggregates in solution that are then self-assembled into superior structures if the solvent is evaporated. Dipping paper sections into a dispersion of SWCNHs leads to the formation of a thin film that can be used for microextraction purposes. The coated paper can be easily handled with a simple pipette tip, paving the way for disposable extraction units. As a proof of concept, the extraction of antidepressants from urine and their determination by direct infusion mass spectrometry is studied. Limits of detection (LODs) were 10 ng/L for desipramine, amitriptyline, and mianserin, while the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was 7.2%, 7.3%, and 9.8%, respectively.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Straightforward paper sensors for the detection of SSRI drugs using tyrosine functionalized GQDs: Fluorescence 'turn-off' turns on the crucial dosage monitoring.
- Author
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Ravi, Pavithra Verthikere, Maharajan, Abirami, Pattabiraman, Ajay, and Pichumani, Moorthi
- Subjects
- *
ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors , *FLUORESCENCE quenching , *FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy , *FLUORESCENCE , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
All socioeconomic classes are impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, with stress being one of the biggest symptoms causing indigestion, breathlessness, heart disease, obesity, and many more. The most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) drugs include, escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, and fluoxetine are provided by doctors. If the medicines are not taken in the recommended dosage, at the correct intervals, which can occasionally be fatal because persons with depression are susceptible to mood fluctuations. There are no appropriate ways to monitor high dosages in clinical laboratories, the requirement for simple, novel material with cutting-edge technology to do so is essential. Herein, we report the application of a single fluorescent probe, Tyrosine-GQDs for the detection of SSRI drugs. Upon addition of SSRI drugs into the Tyrosine-GQDs, the fluorescence emission intensity of Tyrosine-GQDs decreased due to the complex formation through H-bonding which is evidenced by the rise of new peaks in fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements. The calculated detection limit proves that the designed nanoprobe is highly sensitive and selective towards escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, and fluoxetine are 0.13 × 10−6 M, 0.15 × 10−6 M, 0.07 × 10−6 M, and 0.07 × 10−6 M, respectively. A paper-based fluorescent sensor is fabricated using the designed probe which is efficient in the detection of the dosage of SSRI drugs. [Display omitted] • Tyrosine-GQDs are employed for the spectrophotometric detection of SSRI drugs. • The limit of detection for the SSRI drugs is quantified in sub-micromolar concentration. • The effect of interference shows that the complex formed between the Tyrosine-GQDs and drugs is highly stable. • The H-bond formation between the drugs and Tyrosine-GQDs dominates the mechanism responsible for the fluorescence quenching. • The fluorescent paper sensor is effective in determining the SSRI drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Critically appraised paper: In adults on antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression, yoga improves several aspects of quality of life [commentary].
- Author
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Gantert, Leon
- Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,YOGA ,SEVERITY of illness index ,MENTAL depression ,QUALITY of life ,ADULTS - Abstract
The article discusses adults on antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression, and mentions yoga improves several aspects of quality of life.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Critically appraised paper: In adults on antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression, yoga improves several aspects of quality of life.
- Author
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Elkins, Mark
- Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,YOGA ,MENTAL depression ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
The article discusses adults on antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression, and mentions yoga improves several aspects of quality of life.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Carbon Nanohorn Suprastructures on a Paper Support as a Sorptive Phase
- Author
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Rafael Lucena, María Teresa García-Valverde, Soledad Cárdenas, Julia Ríos-Gómez, and Beatriz Fresco-Cala
- Subjects
Paper ,Microextraction ,Materials science ,Amitriptyline ,Pharmaceutical Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Mianserin ,Urine ,01 natural sciences ,Mass Spectrometry ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,microextraction ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Limit of Detection ,Phase (matter) ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,carbon nanohorns ,sorptive phase ,paper ,antidepressants ,Solid Phase Microextraction ,Detection limit ,Coated paper ,Sorptive phase ,Chromatography ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Pipette ,Desipramine ,Antidepressants ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Antidepressive Agents ,Carbon ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Solvents ,Molecular Medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Dispersion (chemistry) - Abstract
This article describes a method for the modification of paper with single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) to form stable suprastructures. The SWCNHs form stable dahlia-like aggregates in solution that are then self-assembled into superior structures if the solvent is evaporated. Dipping paper sections into a dispersion of SWCNHs leads to the formation of a thin film that can be used for microextraction purposes. The coated paper can be easily handled with a simple pipette tip, paving the way for disposable extraction units. As a proof of concept, the extraction of antidepressants from urine and their determination by direct infusion mass spectrometry is studied. Limits of detection (LODs) were 10 ng/L for desipramine, amitriptyline, and mianserin, while the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was 7.2%, 7.3%, and 9.8%, respectively
- Published
- 2018
8. Title of presented paper: Esketamine as a novel drug for the treatment of depression - clinical safety and efficacy profile.
- Author
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Kozłowski, Maciej
- Subjects
MENTAL depression ,PHARMACOLOGY ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,SEROTONIN - Abstract
Introduction and aim. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting people of all ages. It is estimated that approximately 5% of the global adult population manifests symptoms of one type of depressive disorders (DDs), of which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common. Moreover, DDs are a risk factor for annual suicides (suicide ideation and/or attempts are reported in up to 60% of depressed patients). This study aimed to discuss the clinical safety and efficacy of esketamine as a novel fast-acting antidepressant. Material and methods. Review paper based on scientific articles published in different medical database. Analysis of literature. Pharmacological treatment of depression is mainly based on drugs that modulate monoaminergic neurotransmission, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, these antidepressants require long administration times to achieve equivalent therapeutic effects with severe side effects. Conclusion. As approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019, esketamine (SPRAVATO®, a non-selective and non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor) is a novel drug recommended for pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In addition, regulation of glutamate receptor function (ionotropic and metabotropic) is a promising molecular target for antidepressant strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
9. How to read a research paper: Reading between and beyond the lines.
- Author
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Andrade, Chittaranjan
- Subjects
- *
ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *MENTAL depression , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *AUTHORSHIP , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *PUBLISHING , *READING , *SERIAL publications , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis , *CONTINUING education units , *RESEARCH bias , *CASE-control method - Abstract
Background: Despite peer review, publications in scientific journals are not always well written, sometimes contain errors, and often exhibit deliberate or unintended biases. It is necessary to learn how to identify such limitations. It is also necessary to learn how to read between and beyond the lines of papers no matter how well written they are and no matter how highly ranked the journal is. Materials and Methods: This paper critically examines an important article in a leading journal with a view to help the reader learn how to place the findings of a study in perspective, understand its limitations, and glean information beyond that actually presented and discussed in the text. Results: Several issues are examined; these relate to case-control research designs, confounding, propensity matching, absolute risk, confidence intervals, interpretation of findings, real-world relevance, ecological validity, and definition of a cause-effect relationship. Conclusions: The issues examined in this paper reflect common themes in research, and a reader aware of these themes will more easily identify them in his future readings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Provision of gemfibrozil-citalopram-paper thermal pharmacy
- Subjects
Antidepressants ,Pharmacy ,Gemfibrozil ,Fibric acids ,Business, international - Abstract
Contract awarded for Gemfibrozil-Citalopram-Paper Thermal Pharmacy Estimated net contract amount :Chilean Peso$ 133,000 Products or Services: 1) Graph paper (15 Unit) 2) Graph paper (50 Rollo) 3) Gemfibrozil (5000 Compressed) [...]
- Published
- 2016
11. 2008 Position Paper on Using SSRIs in Children and Adolescents.
- Author
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Garland, E. Jane, Kutcher, Stan, and Virani, Adil
- Subjects
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SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors , *THERAPEUTICS , *MENTAL depression , *ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *ANXIETY disorders , *CLINICAL trials , *INFORMATION resources management , *CHILDREN with intellectual disabilities , *CHILD psychiatry , *MEDICAL records - Abstract
The article presents a paper on the effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AD). Based from the medical records, the number needed to treat (NNT) patients with AD acquired the percentage rating of 25%. Moreover, the author provides an overview on how the Canadian Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CACAP) has developed its information resources management to conduct several randomized clinical trials. A chart is presented depicting a comprehensive explanation on how the antidepressants works efficiently in the human bodies.
- Published
- 2009
12. Research Paper. BDNF-ERK-CREB signalling mediates the role of miR-132 in the regulation of the effects of oleanolic acid in male mice.
- Author
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Li-Tao Yi, Jing Li, Bin-Bin Liu, Liu Luo, Qing Liu, and Di Geng
- Subjects
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ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *MENTAL depression , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANIMAL experimentation , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *RATS , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *TERPENES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *DATA analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although previous study has demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of oleanolic acid, there is little information regarding the details of the molecular mechanism involved in this effect. METHODS: We used a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model to test the antidepressant-like effect of oleanolic acid on depressant-like behaviour, miR-132 expression and synaptic protein expression in the male mouse hippocampus. Furthermore, we explored the possible signalling pathways associated with miR-132 expression that mediate the effect of oleanolic acid on neuronal proliferation. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that a 3-week treatment with oleanolic acid ameliorated CUMS-induced anhedonic and anxiogenic behaviours. Furthermore, we found that oleanolic acid led to the BDNF-related phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), which was associated with the upregulation of miR-132 and hippocampal neuronal proliferation. Moreover, experiments with an miR-132 antagomir revealed that targeting miR-132 led to inhibition of neuronal proliferation and the postsynaptic density protein 95, but did not affect presynaptic protein synapsin I. LIMITATIONS: Several other stimuli can also induce CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Thus, regulation of miR-132 may not be restricted to neurotrophic signalling. CONCLUSION: Our results show that oleanolic acid induces the upregulation of miR-132, which serves as an important regulator of neurotrophic actions, mainly through the activation of the hippocampal BDNF-ERK-CREB signalling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. How to read a research paper: An exercise using a study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy.
- Author
-
Andrade, Chittaranjan
- Subjects
- *
ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *CONFOUNDING variables , *MENTAL depression , *PREGNANCY , *PREMATURE labor , *LOW birth weight , *RESEARCH - Abstract
The ability to critically read a research paper is a skill that all postgraduate students and academicians require because the findings of a study must be interpreted in the context of its strengths and limitations. This article summarizes a recent study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy; preterm birth and low-birth weight were the outcomes of interest. The strengths and limitations of the study are considered, as are the best and worst case scenarios related to antidepressant use during pregnancy. It is hoped that this exercise will increase the reader's awareness of statistical and methodological issues that emerge when a study is critically examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. From paper to patient: How do you translate science into clinical practice?
- Author
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Matson, Gary A., Ashton, Adam Keller, D'Mello, Dale A., Dantz, Bezalel, Hefner, Jaye, Leon, F. George, Montano, C. Brendan, Pradko, James F., Sussman, Norman, and Winsberg, Bertrand
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL depression , *THERAPEUTICS , *ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *PRIMARY care , *PSYCHIATRY , *FAMILY medicine , *GENERAL practitioners - Abstract
This article seeks to establish an interactive dialogue with clinicians regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mental depression patients in practice. The goal is, over time, to create an in-clinic application of the American Psychiatric Association's guidelines, which directs physicians to select antidepressant therapy based on side effect profiles, since all agents are equal in their efficacy. Patient typing presupposes a determination of depression as a diagnosis and then seeks to highlight characteristics of the presentation, which would serve to stratify the specific antidepressant therapy most likely to provide the best outcome for the patient. Seven patient types are presented which may form the beginnings of a new construct, which will be useful in choosing the most effective treatment for a patient's specific symptoms.
- Published
- 2003
15. Title of presented paper: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis -- Role in the Pathomechanism and Pharmacotherapy of Depressive Disorders.
- Author
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Wojciechowska, Klaudia and Broszkiewicz, Michał
- Subjects
DRUG therapy ,MENTAL depression ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,CENTRAL nervous system ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Introduction and aim. Depressive disorders are a serious mental disorder, the incidence of which is constantly increasing, and thus the socio-economic cost of the disease. Research conducted since the 1960s on depression has not provided either comprehensive information on the mechanisms of the disease or provided highly effective and safe antidepressants. Recent evidence links the dysfunction of the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis) to depressive disorders. Alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microflora are observed in patients with depression. The aim of this study is to review the current knowledge on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathomechanism of depressive disorders and to discuss potential therapeutic implications. We will explore the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and other nutritional interventions, as well as the development of psychobiotics and other novel pharmacological agents targeting the gut microbiota, for the treatment of depressive disorders. Material and methods. Literature search: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search was conducted using keywords such as "microbiota-gut-brain axis", "depressive disorders", "probiotics", "prebiotics", "psychobiotics" and "pharmacological agents targeting the gut microbiota". Study selection: Studies were included in this review if they investigated the association between the microbiota- gut-brain axis and depressive disorders. Only articles published in English and peer-reviewed were included. Data extraction: Data were extracted from the included studies, including study design, sample size, age range of participants, diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, methods for assessing gut microbiota, and results. Analysis of literature. The results of the studies were analyzed and synthesized to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathomechanism of depressive disorders. Results. The findings of the studies were discussed in the context of potential therapeutic implications. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and other nutritional interventions, as well as the development of psychobiotics and other novel pharmacological agents targeting the gut microbiota, were explored for the treatment of depressive disorders Conclusion. The war negatively changed lifestyle of Ukrainian student via forced relocation and disability to continue education in universities. Among students were detected severe and extremely severe depression, low level of QL due to changes in mental health during war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
16. Carbon Nanohorn Suprastructures on a Paper Support as a Sorptive Phase.
- Author
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Ríos-Gómez, Julia, Fresco-Cala, Beatriz, García-Valverde, María Teresa, Lucena, Rafael, Cárdenas, Soledad, and Samanidou, Victoria F.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON nanohorns , *DESIPRAMINE , *ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *EXTRACTION (Chemistry) , *MASS spectrometry , *CHEMICAL reactions , *MIANSERIN - Abstract
This article describes a method for the modification of paper with single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) to form stable suprastructures. The SWCNHs form stable dahlia-like aggregates in solution that are then self-assembled into superior structures if the solvent is evaporated. Dipping paper sections into a dispersion of SWCNHs leads to the formation of a thin film that can be used for microextraction purposes. The coated paper can be easily handled with a simple pipette tip, paving the way for disposable extraction units. As a proof of concept, the extraction of antidepressants from urine and their determination by direct infusion mass spectrometry is studied. Limits of detection (LODs) were 10 ng/L for desipramine, amitriptyline, and mianserin, while the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was 7.2%, 7.3%, and 9.8%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Four research papers I wish my GP had read before prescribing antidepressants.
- Author
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Lewis, Stevie
- Subjects
DRUG withdrawal symptoms ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors ,DRUG side effects ,SEROTONIN syndrome - Abstract
In 1996, when I was prescribed an antidepressant, there was already published research that showed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly known as antidepressants, caused withdrawal effects.[1] However, at that time, the Defeat Depression campaign had successfully created a narrative adopted by most prescribers, in which anxiety or depression were described to the patient as caused by a "chemical imbalance in the brain" and that SSRIs were safe, effective, and non-addictive. This systematic review establishes that more than half (56%) of people who attempt to come off antidepressants experience withdrawal effects, with nearly half (46%) of people experiencing withdrawal effects describing them as severe. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and dose–response analysis of cohort studies with one million participants
- Author
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Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Benjamin Woolf, Jamal Rahmani, Kota Vidyasagar, and Wubshet Tesfaye
- Subjects
Risk ,Pharmacology ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Liver Neoplasms ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,General Medicine ,digestive system diseases ,Cohort Studies ,Observational Studies as Topic ,antidepressants ,Taiwan national insurance ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors ,Clinical Research Paper ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The current study aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive assessment of the association between SSRI use and development of HCC.This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies published until June 2021. We comprehensively searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies comparing SSRIs use with control in relation to the risk of HCC. We calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between SSRI use and incident HCC risk using random-effects meta-analysis. A dose-response analysis was conducted to evaluate the HCC risk according to the defined daily dose (DDD) of SSRI use.Eight observational studies, comprising 1,051,096 participants and 22,316 incidences of HCC, examining the association between SSRIs use and HCC risk, were included in the systematic review (adjusted RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.56-0.79; P ≤ 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the magnitude of benefit associated with SSRIs was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis infection (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.95) than the general population (PThe results of this review show that SSRI use was associated with a 34% lower risk of HCC, which tend to be dose dependent. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these observations across the spectrum of chronic liver disease and hepatitis infection.
- Published
- 2022
19. Development and validation of the Maudsley Modified Patient Health Questionnaire (MM-PHQ-9)
- Author
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Roland Zahn, Syndi Walton, Tanja Jaeckle, Kimberley Goldsmith, Mark Ashworth, Ewan Carr, Diede Fennema, Suqian Duan, Phillippa Harrison, and Allan H. Young
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Concurrent validity ,digital health ,03 medical and health sciences ,primary care ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Reliability (statistics) ,Measure (data warehouse) ,business.industry ,Depression ,medicine.disease ,Digital health ,General Adult ,030227 psychiatry ,Patient Health Questionnaire ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Scale (social sciences) ,antidepressants ,Papers ,Major depressive disorder ,measurement ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used measure of depression in primary care. It was, however, originally designed as a diagnostic screening tool, and not for measuring change in response to antidepressant treatment. Although the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology (QIDS-SR-16) has been extensively validated for outcome measurement, it is poorly adopted in UK primary care, and, although free for clinicians, has licensing restrictions for healthcare organisation use. Aims We aimed to develop a modified version of the PHQ-9, the Maudsley Modified PHQ-9 (MM-PHQ-9), for tracking symptom changes in primary care. We tested the measure's validity, reliability and factor structure. Method A sample of 121 participants was recruited across three studies, and comprised 78 participants with major depressive disorder and 43 controls. MM-PHQ-9 scores were compared with the QIDS-SR-16 and Clinical Global Impressions improvement scale, for concurrent validity. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed, and principal component analysis was conducted to determine the items’ factor structure. Results The MM-PHQ-9 demonstrated good concurrent validity with the QIDS-SR-16, and excellent internal consistency. Sensitivity to change over a 14-week period was d = 0.41 compared with d = 0.61 on the QIDS-SR-16. Concurrent validity between the paper and mobile app versions of the MM-PHQ-9 was r = 0.67. Conclusions These results indicate that the MM-PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable measure of depressive symptoms in paper and mobile app format, although further validation is required. The measure was sensitive to change, demonstrating suitability for use in routine outcome assessment.
- Published
- 2021
20. Antidepressant advertising effects on drug knowledge and drug seeking
- Author
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Callaghan, Glenn M., Laraway, Sean, Snycerski, Susan, and McGee, Shannon C.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Baseline beliefs about medication are associated with outcomes of antidepressants in inpatients with first-diagnosed depression under supervised therapeutic compliance
- Author
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Fan-Zhen Kong, Mei-E Niu, Guan-Hui Wu, Zhao Huiying, Xiangdong Du, Yan-Song Liu, Zhen Tang, Ji Caifang, and Robert Logan
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Compliance (psychology) ,Rating scale ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,Hamd ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Baseline (configuration management) ,therapeutic compliance ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Inpatients ,Depression ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Therapeutic effect ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,Antidepressive Agents ,first-diagnosed depression ,Logistic Models ,antidepressants ,BMQ-S ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,medication beliefs ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of baseline beliefs about medication on therapeutic outcomes of antidepressants in inpatients with first-diagnosed depression under supervised therapeutic compliance. Ninety-seven inpatients with first-diagnosed depression were included to collect their baseline demographic data to evaluate the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) scores and the beliefs about medicine questionnaire-specific (BMQ-S) scores at baseline and the end of the eight-week treatment. Additionally, we explored the relationship between inpatients’ medication beliefs and therapeutic effect of antidepressants. The inpatients were divided into remitted depression and unremitted depression groups according to outcomes at the end of the eight-week treatment. There was no significant difference in the baseline HAMD between the two groups (P > 0.050). The scores on the BMQ-S of the unremitted group were significantly lower than those of the remitted group (P < 0.001). The HAMD scores were significantly reduced in both groups after the eight-week treatment (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the BMQ-S scores before and after the treatment (P > 0.050). The medication beliefs of the unremitted inpatients after the treatment were still lower than those of the remitted inpatients (P < 0.001). Logistic-regression analysis showed that low BMQ-S scores at the baseline were an independent risk factor for antidepressant efficacy. Beliefs about medication at baseline may be correlated with the therapeutic efficacy in inpatients with first-diagnosed depression under supervised therapeutic compliance.
- Published
- 2021
22. Effects of medical service fee revision on reducing irrational psychotropic polypharmacy in Japan: an interrupted time-series analysis
- Author
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Manabu Akazawa and Yusuke Okada
- Subjects
Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Interrupted Time Series Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Antipsychotics ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prescribed drugs ,Retrospective Studies ,media_common ,Polypharmacy ,Psychotropic Drugs ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Antidepressants ,030227 psychiatry ,Administrative claims ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Population study ,business ,Anxiolytics ,Hypnotics ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Purpose According to the revised Japanese medical service fees aimed at reducing irrational psychotropic polypharmacy, medical service fees are reduced if the number of simultaneously prescribed psychotropic drugs exceeds the standard. This study primarily aims to examine the effect of the 2018 revision. Methods Using a large Japanese administrative claims database, we retrospectively identified five groups (April 2013–September 2018) prescribed at least one drug from the following drug groups: anxiolytics, hypnotics, sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants (study population in each group: 547,511, 406,524, 759,137, 112,929, and 201,046, respectively). We used an interrupted time-series design to evaluate changes in the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs. Results After the 2018 revision, the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs significantly decreased only for the sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics; estimated changes in level and trend were − 0.60% [− 0.69%, − 0.52%] and − 0.04% [− 0.06%, − 0.02%] per month, respectively. The proportion of patients exhibiting a decrease in the number of prescribed drugs from more than the standard to within the standard increased when the revision was enforced (April 2018); this proportion in April 2018 was 36.3%, while all other proportions were in the range of 12.1–22.3%. Conclusion The 2018 revision promoted a reduction in the number of prescribed drugs, which served as an important factor in the decrease in the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs for the sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics.
- Published
- 2021
23. Free Papers Compiled.
- Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MENTAL depression ,ANXIETY ,EVALUATION ,ADULTS - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Four research papers … prescribing antidepressants.
- Author
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Brown, Marion
- Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,MEDICAL prescriptions - Abstract
Stopping antidepressants: exploring the patient's experience. Professor Wendy Burn wrote a blog for the October 2020 I BMJ Opinion i ('Medical community must ensure that those needing support to come off antidepressants can get it')[7] and she also spoke with James Moore about the patient experience in a podcast stream by the RCPsych "Stopping antidepressants: exploring the patient's experience".[8] REFERENCES 1 Lewis S. Four research papers I wish my GP had read before prescribing antidepressants. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Neural effects of antidepressant medication and psychological treatments: a quantitative synthesis across three meta-analyses
- Author
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Lisa Feldman Barrett, Kristen A. Lindquist, Tim Dalgleish, Yina Ma, Lindsey Marwood, Camilla L. Nord, and Ajay B. Satpute
- Subjects
Paper ,Affect (psychology) ,Amygdala ,050105 experimental psychology ,cognitive–behavioural therapies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,anxiety disorders ,Neuroimaging ,Humans ,Medicine ,Academic Psychiatry ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Prefrontal cortex ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Mood Disorders ,business.industry ,Panic disorder ,05 social sciences ,imaging ,Antidepressants ,medicine.disease ,Antidepressive Agents ,Psychotherapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Major depressive disorder ,Antidepressant ,sense organs ,depressive disorders ,business ,Neurocognitive ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundInfluential theories predict that antidepressant medication and psychological therapies evoke distinct neural changes.AimsTo test the convergence and divergence of antidepressant- and psychotherapy-evoked neural changes, and their overlap with the brain's affect network.MethodWe employed a quantitative synthesis of three meta-analyses (n = 4206). First, we assessed the common and distinct neural changes evoked by antidepressant medication and psychotherapy, by contrasting two comparable meta-analyses reporting the neural effects of these treatments. Both meta-analyses included patients with affective disorders, including major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. The majority were assessed using negative-valence tasks during neuroimaging. Next, we assessed whether the neural changes evoked by antidepressants and psychotherapy overlapped with the brain's affect network, using data from a third meta-analysis of affect-based neural activation.ResultsNeural changes from psychotherapy and antidepressant medication did not significantly converge on any region. Antidepressants evoked neural changes in the amygdala, whereas psychotherapy evoked anatomically distinct changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. Both psychotherapy- and antidepressant-related changes separately converged on regions of the affect network.ConclusionsThis supports the notion of treatment-specific brain effects of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Both treatments induce changes in the affect network, but our results suggest that their effects on affect processing occur via distinct proximal neurocognitive mechanisms of action.
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- 2021
26. Session 4050 (Paper) DEPRESSION AND OUTCOMES.
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DEPRESSION in old age ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,SUICIDAL behavior in older people ,COGNITION disorders in old age ,DISEASES in older people - Published
- 2021
27. Drug Safety and Suicidality Risk of Chronic Pain Medications.
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Syed, Osman, Jancic, Predrag, Fink, Adam B., and Knezevic, Nebojsa Nick
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CHRONIC pain ,MEDICATION safety ,SUICIDAL ideation ,DRUG therapy ,DRUGS - Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the main leading causes of disability in the world at present. A variety in the symptomatology, intensity and duration of this phenomenon has led to an ever-increasing demand of pharmacological treatment and relief. This demand for medication, ranging from well-known groups, such as antidepressants and benzodiazepines, to more novel drugs, was followed by a rise in safety concerns of such treatment options. The validity, frequency, and diversity of such concerns are discussed in this paper, as well as their possible effect on future prescription practices. A specific caution is provided towards the psychological safety and toll of these medications, regarding suicidality and suicidal ideation. Most significantly, this paper highlights the importance of pharmacovigilance and underscores the necessity of surveillance programs when considering chronic pain medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Does anxiety moderate the effectiveness of mirtazapine in patients with treatment-resistant depression? A secondary analysis of the MIR trial
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John Campbell, Stephanie J MacNeill, Chris Dickens, Glyn Lewis, David Kessler, Tim J Peters, Simon J. C. Davies, Ian M. Anderson, Raphael Rifkin-Zybutz, Carolyn Chew-Graham, and Nicola J Wiles
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mirtazapine ,Comorbidity ,treatment resistance ,Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant ,pharmacotherapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,Internal medicine ,Secondary analysis ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,In patient ,Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Pharmacology ,clinical trials ,Primary Health Care ,Depression ,business.industry ,GAD ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,R1 ,Anxiety Disorders ,Original Papers ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Anti-Anxiety Agents ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,antidepressants ,Anxiety ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,RA ,Treatment-resistant depression ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: There is a lack of evidence to guide treatment of comorbid depression and anxiety. Preliminary evidence suggests mirtazapine may be effective in treating patients with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Methods: We undertook a secondary analysis of mirtazapine (MIR): a placebo-controlled trial of the addition of mirtazapine to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in primary care. We subdivided participants into three groups by baseline generalized anxiety disorder score (GAD-7): severe (GAD-7 ⩾ 16), moderate (GAD-7 = 11–15), no/mild (GAD-7 ⩽ 10). We used linear regression including likelihood-ratio testing of interaction terms to assess how baseline anxiety altered the response of participants to mirtazapine as measured by 12-week GAD-7 and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores. Results: Baseline generalized anxiety moderated mirtazapine’s effect as measured by GAD-7 ( p = 0.041) and BDI-II ( p = 0.088) at 12 weeks. Participants with severe generalized anxiety receiving mirtazapine had lower 12-week GAD-7 score (adjusted difference between means (ADM) −2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.69 to −4.95) and larger decreases in BDI-II score (ADM −6.36, 95% CI −1.60 to −10.84) than placebo. Conversely, there was no anxiolytic benefit (ADM 0.28, 95% CI −1.05 to 1.60) or antidepressant benefit (ADM −0.17, 95% CI −3.02 to 2.68) compared with placebo in those with no/mild generalized anxiety. Conclusions: These findings extend the evidence for the effectiveness of mirtazapine to reduce generalized anxiety in TRD in primary care. These results may inform targeted prescribing in depression based on concurrent anxiety symptoms, although these conclusions are constrained by the post-hoc nature of this analysis.
- Published
- 2020
29. Effect of XingPiJieYu decoction on spatial learning and memory and cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway in rat model of depression through chronic unpredictable stress.
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Chunye Wang, Jianyou Guo, and Rongjuan Guo
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MENTAL depression ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,ANALYTICAL biochemistry ,ANIMAL experimentation ,COLLECTION & preservation of biological specimens ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,GENE expression ,HERBAL medicine ,LEARNING ,CHINESE medicine ,MEMORY ,PAPER chromatography ,PROBABILITY theory ,PROTEINS ,RATS ,RESEARCH funding ,RNA ,STATISTICAL sampling ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Background: Depression is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive low mood and loss of pleasure or interest in usual activities, and often results in cognitive dysfunction. The disturbance of cognitive processes associated with depression, especially the impairment of learning and memory, exacerbates illness and increases recurrence of depression. XingPiJieYu (XPJY) is one of the most widely clinical formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and can improve the symptoms of depression, including learning and memory. However, its regulatory effects haven't been comprehensively studied so far. Recently, some animal tests have indicated that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in hippocampus is closely related to depression and the pathogenesis of cognitive function impairments. The present study was performed to investigate the effect and mechanism of XPJY on depression and learning and memory in animal model. Materials: The rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 21 days. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, CUS group, CUS + XPJY (1.4 g/kg, 0.7 g/kg and 0.35 g/kg) groups, and CUS + sertraline (10 mg/kg) group. The sucrose preference, open field exploration and Morris water maze (MWM) were tested. The expression of cAMP, CREB, PKA and BDNF protein in hippocampus was examined with Elisa and Western Blot. The mRNA level of CREB and BDNF in hippocampus was measured with PCR. Results: The results demonstrated that rats subjected to CUS exhibited decreases in sucrose preference, total ambulation, percentage of central ambulation, rearing in the open field test and spatial performance in the MWM. CUS reduced the expression of cAMP, PKA, CREB and BDNF in hippocampus of model rats. These effects could be reversed by XPJY. Conclusion: The results indicated that XPJY can improve depression and related learning and memory and the effect of XPJY is partly exerted through the cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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30. Inflammatory processes linked to major depression and schizophrenic disorders and the effects of polypharmacy in psychiatry: evidence from a longitudinal study of 279 patients under therapy
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D. Herzig, Erich Seifritz, René Bridler, Hans H. Stassen, S. Bachmann, A. Schneeberger, Katja Cattapan, University of Zurich, and Stassen, H H
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Hospitals, Psychiatric ,Male ,Longitudinal study ,Side effect profiles ,Machine Learning ,2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,2736 Pharmacology (medical) ,Antipsychotics ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Longitudinal Studies ,Medical diagnosis ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychiatry ,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ,General Medicine ,Antidepressants ,Anti-inflammatory response system ,Middle Aged ,Antidepressive Agents ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Biological psychiatry ,2803 Biological Psychiatry ,Switzerland ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Side effect ,Efficacy ,610 Medicine & health ,Immunoglobulin M (IgM) ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry ,Polypharmacy ,Inflammation ,Original Paper ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Monotherapy ,030227 psychiatry ,Immunoglobulin M ,10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics ,Neural Networks, Computer ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, polypharmacy has become the de-facto standard of acute treatment in psychiatry where patients with psychiatric disorders receive a multiple medication regimen. There is growing evidence for a potential link between major psychiatric disorders and inflammatory processes. Combining these two aspects aims at avoiding polypharmacy attempts among patients with inflammatory activation through alternative treatment strategies. In this study, we addressed the following questions: (1) to what extent can polypharmacy be explained through the factors “diagnosis”, “previous history”, “severity at baseline”, “age”, “gender”, and “psychiatrist in charge”; (2) what are the differences between polypharmacy and monotherapy regarding efficacy and side effect profiles; and (3) what amount of between-patient variance is explainable by the natural antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM) within each diagnostic group. This naturalistic longitudinal study was comprised of 279 patients under therapy with a clinical diagnosis of depressive (ICD-10: “F3x.x”;n = 195) or schizophrenic disorders (ICD-10: “F2x.x”;n = 84). The study protocol included (1) assessment of previous history by the SADS Syndrome Check List SSCL-16 (lifetime version); (2) repeated measurements over 5 weeks assessing the time course of improvement by the Hamilton Depression Scale HAM-D and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale PANSS, along with medication and unwanted side effects through the Medication and Side Effects Inventory MEDIS; and (3) the collection of blood samples from which DNA and serum were extracted. The association between inflammatory response system and psychiatric disorders was detailed by fitting multi-layer Neural Net (NN) models to the observed data (“supervised learning”). The same approach was used to set up prediction models of side effects. Our data showed that polypharmacy was omnipresent. Yet the various polypharmacy regimens had no advantage over monotherapy: we even found slightly larger baseline score reductions under monotherapy, independent of primary diagnoses and for comparable baseline severities. Most patients experienced unwanted side effects. The close link between side effects and treatment regimen was revealed by a linear model in which the mere number of drugs explained a significant (p r = 0.746 (p = 0.0004) between global schizophrenia scores and IgM levels, along with a correct prediction of response of 94.4%, thus explaining 55.7% of the observed between-patient variance. For the F3 patients, our NN model identified a 19.6% subgroup exhibiting a significant correlation ofr = 0.644 (p = 0.00003) between global depression scores and IgM levels, along a correct prediction of response of 89.6%, thus explaining 41.4% of the observed between-patient variance. Polypharmacy is omnipresent in today’s acute treatment of psychiatric disorders. Given the large proportion of patients with unwanted side effects and the strong correlation between side effects and the number of drugs, polypharmacy approaches are not equally suited for every patient. In terms of efficacy, there are no advantages of polypharmacy over monotherapy. Most notably, our study appears to have cleared the way for the reliable identification of a subgroup of patients for whom the inflammatory response system is a promising target of therapeutic intervention.
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- 2020
31. Drug Interactions of Psychiatric and COVID-19 Medications
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Marjan Moghadamnia, Zahra Nazari Taloki, Niayesh Mohebbi, Ali Talebi, and Alia Shakiba
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Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Drug interaction ,Neuropsychiatry ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Pharmacotherapy ,Psychiatric medication ,Medicine ,Antipsychotics ,Psychiatry ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,media_common ,Review Paper ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Hydroxychloroquine ,Chloroquine ,Antidepressants ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Mood ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Anxiolytics ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with 1771514 cases identified in the world and 70029 cases in Iran until April 12, 2020. The co-prescription of psychotropics with COVID-19 medication is not uncommon. Healthcare providers should be familiar with many Potential Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) between COVID-19 therapeutic agents and psychotropic drugs based on cytochrome P450 metabolism. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on DDIs between antiretroviral drugs and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, and psychotropics, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Methods: Medical databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify studies in English with keywords related to psychiatric disorders, medications used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 medications. Results: There is a great potential for DDIs between psychiatric and COVID-19 medications ranging from interactions that are not clinically apparent (minor) to those that produce life-threatening adverse drug reactions, or loss of treatment efficacy. The majority of interactions are pharmacokinetic interactions via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Conclusion: DDIs are a major concern in the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 infection resulting in the alteration of expected therapeutic outcomes. The risk of toxicity or lack of efficacy may occur due to a higher or lower plasma concentration of medications. However, psychiatric medication can be safely used in combination with COVID-19 pharmacotherapy with either a wise selection of medication with the least possibility of interaction or careful patient monitoring and management.
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- 2020
32. Analysis of the impact of antidepressants and other medications on COVID-19 infection risk in a chronic psychiatric in-patient cohort
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Louisa Steinberg, James D. Clelland, Krista Ramiah, and Catherine L. Clelland
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Fluoxetine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,trazodone ,business.industry ,fluoxetine ,Trazodone ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,Odds ratio ,Antidepressants ,Lower risk ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,psychiatric illness ,Cohort ,Papers ,medicine ,Psychiatric hospital ,Antidepressant ,Academic Psychiatry ,business ,Psychiatry ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BackgroundDuring the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with confirmed cases in New York State accounted for roughly 25% of total US cases, with psychiatric hospital in-patients at particularly high risk for COVID-19 infection.AimsThe beneficial effects of mental health medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), on the severity of COVID-19 disease outcomes have been documented. Protective effects against infection have also been suggested for these medications. We therefore tested the hypothesis that medication use modifies the risk of COVID-19 infection in a long-stay, chronic in-patient psychiatry setting, where the potential for exposure was likely uniform across the facility, and where these medications were routinely prescribed.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study of an adult psychiatric facility operated by the New York State Office of Mental Health. Current medication information and COVID-19 status was collected from electronic medical records for 165 people who were in-patients during the period January to July 2020, and logistic regression was employed to model the main effects of medication use on COVID-19 infection.ResultsA significant protective association was observed between antidepressant use and COVID-19 infection (odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.70, adjusted P < 0.05). Analysis of individual antidepressant classes showed that SSRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and the serotonin-2 antagonist reuptake inhibitor classes of antidepressants, drove this protective effect. Exploratory analyses of individual antidepressants demonstrated an association between lower risk of infection and fluoxetine use (P = 0.023), as well as trazodone use (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe novel finding of reduced COVID-19 infection risk for psychiatric in-patients taking antidepressants, suggests that antidepressants may be an important weapon in the continued fight against COVID-19 disease. This finding may become particularly salient for in-patient settings if vaccine-resistant strains of the virus appear.
- Published
- 2021
33. Use of antidepressants among Finnish family caregivers : a nationwide register-based study
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Johan G. Eriksson, Hannu Koponen, Hannu Kautiainen, Mikaela B. von Bonsdorff, Teppo Kröger, Minna Mänty, Tuija M. Mikkola, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Population, Health and Society, Department of Public Health, HUS Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Research Programs Unit, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
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Male ,registers ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,3124 Neurology and psychiatry ,0302 clinical medicine ,mielenterveys ,omaishoitajat ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,perhehoito ,Reimbursement ,Finland ,perhehoitajat ,informal caregiving ,education.field_of_study ,Family caregivers ,Registers ,Antidepressants ,Antidepressive Agents ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Caregivers ,Informal caregiving ,antidepressants ,Female ,Mental health ,mental health ,masennus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Population ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,Aged ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Confidence interval ,Ageing ,lääkkeet ,ikääntyminen ,Social Class ,ageing ,Relative risk ,lääkehoito ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,hoitotyö ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the use of antidepressants over 6 years between family caregivers providing high-intensity care and a matched control population using register-based data. Methods The study includes all individuals, who received family caregiver’s allowance in Finland in 2012 (n = 29,846 females, mean age 66 years; n = 12,410 males, mean age 71 years) and a control population matched for age, sex, and municipality of residence (n = 59,141 females; n = 24,477 males). Information on purchases of antidepressants, including the number of defined daily doses (DDD) purchased, between 2012 and 2017 was obtained from the national drugs reimbursement register. Results During the follow-up, 28.5% of female caregivers and 23.5% of the female controls used antidepressants, while the numbers for males were 21.1% and 16.4%, respectively. Adjusted for socioeconomic status, female caregivers used 43.7 (95% confidence interval 42.4–45.0) and their controls used 36.2 (35.3–37.2) DDDs of antidepressants per person-year. Male caregivers used 29.6 (27.6–31.6) and their controls used 21.6 (20.2–23.0) DDDs of antidepressants per person-year. Among female caregivers, the relative risk for use of antidepressants was similar (about 1.3) from 20 to 70 years, after which the relative risk declined. In male caregivers, the relative risk was highest (about 1.4–1.5) between 45 and 65 years. Conclusions Family caregivers providing high-intensity care use more antidepressants and hence, are likely to have poorer mental health than the age-matched general population in virtually all age groups. However, the magnitude of the higher use varies as a function of age and gender.
- Published
- 2021
34. Individualized strategies for depression: narrative review of clinical profiles responsive to vortioxetine.
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Cuomo, Alessandro, Aguglia, Andrea, De Berardis, Domenico, Ventriglio, Antonio, Gesi, Camilla, and Fagiolini, Andrea
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PATIENT safety ,SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors ,SYMPTOMS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,ANXIETY ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,ANHEDONIA ,COGNITION disorders ,DRUG efficacy ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,MENTAL depression ,COMORBIDITY - Abstract
Background: Depression is a highly heterogeneous disorder, often resulting in suboptimal response and remission rates. This underscores the need for more nuanced clinical characterization of patients to tailor individualized treatment plans. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of cognitive and emotional dysfunction in major depression, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic interventions that target these specific symptom domains. Main text: Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, enhances serotonergic activity while also modulating several other neurotransmitter systems involved in depressive symptoms such as emotional blunting, anhedonia, and cognitive dysfunction. Numerous randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated vortioxetine's efficacy and safety in treating depression, particularly in specific subgroups of depressed patients, including those with cognitive deficits and comorbid anxiety symptoms or disorders. Although not randomized or placebo-controlled, studies have also shown vortioxetine's efficacy in depressed patients with emotional blunting or anhedonia. Vortioxetine's ability to effectively treat a range of depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, provides an individualized treatment solution for depressed individuals suffering from these symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to identify clinical profiles of patients who may benefit from vortioxetine, with the goal of optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: Vortioxetine has been shown to be effective for patients with depression and symptoms such as anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction. Tailoring treatment plans to individual needs and personalizing treatment choices based on the specific symptoms presented by depressed patients improve treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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35. Current Understanding on Psilocybin for Major Depressive Disorder: A Review Focusing on Clinical Trials.
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Sheng-Min Wang, Sunghwan Kim, Won-Seok Choi, Hyun Kook Lim, Young Sup Woo, Chi-Un Pae, and Won-Myong Bahk
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DEFAULT mode network ,MENTAL depression ,CLINICAL trials ,ENCEPHALITIS ,COGNITIVE bias ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS - Abstract
Previous studies suggested effectiveness of psilocybin in the field of mental health. FDA designated psilocybin as a "breakthrough therapy" for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in 2018. This paper provided a review of psilocybin's potential role in treatment of depression by focusing on published clinical trials. Studies showed that psilocybin, an agonist on 5-HT2A receptors, manifests antidepressant and anxiolytic effects by increasing glutamate transmission, reducing brain inflammation, decreasing default mode network activity. In terms of clinical trials, eleven studies (six open-label and five double blinded randomized clinical trials, DB-RCTs) trials exploring psilocybin's impact on depression were found. Among open-label studies, a pilot study on TRD patients demonstrated significant reductions in depressive symptoms after two psilocybin sessions. Psilocybin also improved cognitive bias associated with depression. Extension studies confirmed sustained improvements and high remission rates. Among five DB-RCTs, two showed that psilocybin led to significant reductions in anxiety and depression in cancer patients, and the improvements sustained for over 6 months. In MDD, psilocybin showed rapid reductions in depression, with higher remission rates compared to escitalopram in a DB-RCT. Another DB-RCT showed that psilocybin induced higher decrease in depression around 6 hours after their administrations than placebo. The last DB-RCT showed that in patients with TRD, a single dose of psilocybin 25 mg, but not psilocybin 10 mg, resulted in superior antidepressant effect than psilocybin 1 mg. Overall, psilocybin showed promise in treating depression and anxiety, with notable safety profiles. Further research should explore optimal dosages and long-term effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. The association of FKBP5 gene polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to depression and response to antidepressant treatment- a systematic review.
- Author
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Zhang, Ying, Yue, Weihua, and Li, Jie
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GENETIC polymorphisms ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,MENTAL depression ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,GENETIC disorders - Abstract
Background: Given the inconsistencies in current studies regarding the impact of FKBP5 gene polymorphisms on depression, arising from variations in study methods, subjects, and treatment strategies, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between FKBP5 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to depression, as well as their influence on response to antidepressant treatment. Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to April 11, 2023, for all literature in English and Chinese on depression, FKBP5 gene polymorphisms, and antidepressant treatment. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed for key study characteristics. Qualitative methods were used to synthesize the study results. Results: A total of 21 studies were included, with the majority exhibiting average to moderate quality. Six SNPs (rs3800373, rs1360780, rs9470080, rs4713916, rs9296158, rs9394309) were broadly implicated in susceptibility to depression, while rs1360780 and rs3800373 were linked to antidepressant treatment sensitivity. Additionally, rs1360780 was associated with adverse reactions to antidepressant drug treatment. However, these associations were largely unconfirmed in replication studies. Conclusions: Depression is recognized as a polygenic genetic disorder, with multiple genes contributing, each exerting relatively small effects. Future studies should explore not only multiple gene interactions but also epigenetic changes. Presently, research on FKBP5 in affective disorders remains notably limited, highlighting the necessity for further investigations in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Psychotropic prescribing for English care home residents with dementia compared with national guidance: findings from the MARQUE national longitudinal study
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Francesca La Frenais, Victoria Vickerstaff, Claudia Cooper, Gill Livingston, Elizabeth L Sampson, and Patrick Stone
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,antianxiety drugs ,Clinical Dementia Rating ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,carers ,medicine.disease ,antipsychotics ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotropic drug ,antidepressants ,Papers ,medicine ,Dementia ,Medical prescription ,Psychiatry ,Antipsychotic ,business ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Background Despite policy pressure and concerns regarding the use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, many care home residents with dementia are prescribed psychotropic medication, often off licence. This is the first large study to report psychotropic prescribing and ‘as required’ administration patterns in English care homes. Aims To explore the prevalence and associates of psychotropic prescription in care home residents with dementia and compare the results with national guidance. Method We collected data in a longitudinal cohort study of residents with diagnosed or probable dementia in 86 care homes in England in 2014–2016. We reported the prevalence of psychotropic (antipsychotics, anxiolytics/hypnotics, antidepressants) prescriptions and drug receipt. We explored the associations between resident factors (sociodemographic, agitation [Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory], dementia severity [Clinical Dementia Rating]) and care home factors (type, ownership, size, dementia registration/specialism, quality rating) in prescription and ‘as required’ administration, using multilevel regression models. Results We analysed data from 1425 residents. At baseline, 822 residents (57.7%, 95% CI: 55.1–60.2) were prescribed a psychotropic drug, 310 residents (21.8% 95% CI: 19.7–24.0) were prescribed an anxiolytic/hypnotic, 232 (94.3%, 95% CI: 90.6–96.6) were prescribed one antipsychotic and 14 (5.7%, 95% CI: 3.4–9.4) were prescribed two antipsychotics. The median prescription duration during the study was 1 year. Residents with clinically significant agitation were prescribed more antipsychotics (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.64–2.45) and anxiolytics/hypnotics (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 2.31–3.40). Conclusions Antipsychotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics are more commonly prescribed for people with dementia in care homes than in the community, and prescribing may not reflect guidelines. Policies which advocate reduced use of psychotropics should better support psychosocial interventions.
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- 2021
38. Effectiveness of common antidepressants: a post market release study
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Melanie Yousefi, Hua Min, Laura K Becker, Christopher A. Hane, Vijay S. Nori, Farrokh Alemi, and Janusz Wojtusiak
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,medical history, post-market release ,Effectiveness ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,comorbidities ,Internal medicine ,antidepressants ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Antidepressant ,Medical history ,Observational study ,Medical prescription ,business ,major depression ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background This study summarizes the experiences of patients, who have multiple comorbidities, with 15 mono-treated antidepressants. Methods This is a retrospective, observational, matched case control study. The cohort was organized using claims data available through OptumLabs for depressed patients treated with antidepressants between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2018. The cohort included patients from all states within United States of America. The analysis focused on 3,678,082 patients with major depression who had 10,221,145 antidepressant treatments. Using the robust, and large predictors of remission, and propensity to prescribe an antidepressant, the study created 16,770 subgroups of patients. The study reports the remission rate for the antidepressants within the subgroups. The overall impact of antidepressant on remission was calculated as the common odds ratio across the strata. Findings The study accurately modelled clinicians’ prescription patterns (cross-validated Area under the Receiver Operating Curve, AROC, of 82.0%, varied from 77% to 90%) and patients’ remission (cross-validated AROC of 72.0%, varied from 69.5% to 78%). In different strata, contrary to published randomized studies, remission rates differed significantly and antidepressants were not equally effective. For example, in age and gender subgroups, the best antidepressant had an average remission rate of 50.78%, 1.5 times higher than the average antidepressant (30.30% remission rate) and 20 times higher than the worst antidepressant. The Breslow-Day chi-square test for homogeneity showed that across strata a homogenous common odds-ratio did not exist (alpha
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- 2021
39. Predicting antidepressant response by monitoring early improvement of individual symptoms of depression
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Johannes G. M. Burgerhof, Annelieke M. Roest, Ymkje Anna de Vries, Peter de Jonge, Elisabeth H. Bos, Hanna M. van Loo, APH - Mental Health, Developmental Psychology, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), and Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE)
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Adult ,Male ,DISORDER ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Post hoc ,SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS ,Pharmacological treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,DOSE-ESCALATION ,030212 general & internal medicine ,STRATEGY ,individual patient data meta-analysis ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,LATER REMISSION ,treatment response ,Patient data ,Antidepressants ,MAJOR DEPRESSION ,Middle Aged ,Models, Theoretical ,Prognosis ,early improvement ,Antidepressive Agents ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,Papers ,depression ,ONSET ,Antidepressant ,Female ,TRAJECTORIES ,business - Abstract
BackgroundImprovement in depression within the first 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment predicts good outcomes, but non-improvers can still respond or remit, whereas improvers often do not.AimsWe aimed to investigate whether early improvement of individual depressive symptoms better predicts response or remission.MethodWe obtained individual patient data of 30 trials comprising 2184 placebo-treated and 6058 antidepressant-treated participants. Primary outcome was week 6 response; secondary outcomes were week 6 remission and week 12 response and remission. We compared models that only included improvement in total score by week 2 (total improvement model) with models that also included improvement in individual symptoms.ResultsFor week 6 response, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and negative and positive predictive values of the total improvement model were 0.73, 0.67 and 0.74 compared with 0.77, 0.70 and 0.71 for the item improvement model. Model performance decreased for week 12 outcomes. Of predicted non-responders, 29% actually did respond by week 6 and 43% by week 12, which was decreased from the baseline (overall) probabilities of 51% by week 6 and 69% by week 12. In post hoc analyses with continuous rather than dichotomous early improvement, including individual items did not enhance model performance.ConclusionsExamining individual symptoms adds little to the predictive ability of early improvement. Additionally, early non-improvement does not rule out response or remission, particularly after 12 rather than 6 weeks. Therefore, our findings suggest that routinely adapting pharmacological treatment because of limited early improvement would often be premature.Declaration of interestNone.
- Published
- 2019
40. The effect of anaesthetic dose on response and remission in electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorder: nationwide register-based cohort study
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Max Bell, Ridwanul Amin, Alexander Kronsell, Mikael Tiger, Axel Nordenskjöld, and Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Depressive disorders ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Logistic regression ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,electroconvulsive therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Seizure threshold ,business.industry ,outcome studies ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,General Adult ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,antidepressants ,Papers ,Clinical Global Impression ,Major depressive disorder ,epidemiology ,business ,Propofol ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). ECT treatment effect relies on induced generalised seizures. Most anaesthetics raise the seizure threshold and shorten seizure duration. There are no conclusive studies on the effect of anaesthetic dose on response and remission rates with ECT for MDD. Aims We aimed to examine the effect of different dose intervals of anaesthetics on response and remission after ECT for MDD. Method We conducted a nationwide cohort study, using data from Swedish registers. Low-, medium- and high-dose intervals, adjusted for age and gender, were constructed for each anaesthetic drug. Response and remission were measured with the Clinical Global Impression – Severity and Improvement scales (CGI-I and CGI-S), and a self-rated version of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for response and remission rates. Results The study included 7917 patients who received ECT for MDD during 2012–2018. Patients were given either thiopental (64.1%) or propofol (35.9%). Low-dose intervals of anaesthetics were associated with increased rates of response (CGI-I: odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.40, P = 0.004; MADRS-S: odds ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.56, P = 0.004) and remission (CGI-S: odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.60, P ≤ 0.001; MADRS-S: odds ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.54, P = 0.002). Conclusions We found improved treatment outcomes with low- compared with high-dose anaesthetic during ECT for MDD. To enhance treatment effect, deep anaesthesia during ECT for MDD should be avoided.
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- 2021
41. Understanding Side Effects of Antidepressants: Large-scale Longitudinal Study on Social Media Data
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Emre Kiciman, Koustuv Saha, John Torous, and Munmun De Choudhury
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Longitudinal study ,social media ,digital health ,digital pharmacovigilance ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,linguistic markers ,Pharmacovigilance ,Short Paper ,Psychology ,Social media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mental health ,Digital health ,Mental health treatment ,BF1-990 ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,side effects ,Scale (social sciences) ,antidepressants ,symptoms ,Language analysis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,mental health ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BackgroundAntidepressants are known to show heterogeneous effects across individuals and conditions, posing challenges to understanding their efficacy in mental health treatment. Social media platforms enable individuals to share their day-to-day concerns with others and thereby can function as unobtrusive, large-scale, and naturalistic data sources to study the longitudinal behavior of individuals taking antidepressants.ObjectiveWe aim to understand the side effects of antidepressants from naturalistic expressions of individuals on social media.MethodsOn a large-scale Twitter data set of individuals who self-reported using antidepressants, a quasi-experimental study using unsupervised language analysis was conducted to extract keywords that distinguish individuals who improved and who did not improve following the use of antidepressants. The net data set consists of over 8 million Twitter posts made by over 300,000 users in a 4-year period between January 1, 2014, and February 15, 2018.ResultsFive major side effects of antidepressants were studied: sleep, weight, eating, pain, and sexual issues. Social media language revealed keywords related to these side effects. In particular, antidepressants were found to show a spectrum of effects from decrease to increase in each of these side effects.ConclusionsThis work enhances the understanding of the side effects of antidepressants by identifying distinct linguistic markers in the longitudinal social media data of individuals showing the most and least improvement following the self-reported intake of antidepressants. One implication of this work concerns the potential of social media data as an effective means to support digital pharmacovigilance and digital therapeutics. These results can inform clinicians in tailoring their discussion and assessment of side effects and inform patients about what to potentially expect and what may or may not be within the realm of normal aftereffects of antidepressants.
- Published
- 2021
42. Sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: Secondary analyses of the GENPOD trial
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Marilia Gougoulaki, Glyn Lewis, Nicola J Wiles, Tim J Peters, Gemma Lewis, and David J. Nutt
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Adult ,Male ,sex differences ,Serotonin reuptake inhibitor ,Pharmacology ,Neurotransmission ,Citalopram ,Serotonergic ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,GENPOD ,03 medical and health sciences ,Reboxetine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex Factors ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Depressive symptoms ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ,business.industry ,Depression ,Antidepressants ,Serotonin reuptake ,Middle Aged ,Original Papers ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Tolerability ,antidepressants ,depression ,Female ,Menopause ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,After treatment ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - Abstract
Background: Differences in serotonergic neurotransmission could lead to sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Aims: We investigated whether women have greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men after treatment with an SSRI (citalopram) compared with a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine) control, and after antidepressant treatment irrespective of class. We also investigated tolerability and the influence of menopausal status. Methods: Secondary analyses of the GENPOD (GENetic and clinical Predictors Of treatment response in Depression) trial. Six hundred and one people with depression were recruited from UK primary care and randomized to citalopram or reboxetine. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at 6 weeks was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included BDI-II score at 12 weeks, and physical symptoms and treatment discontinuation. We calculated main effects and interaction terms using linear and logistic regression models. Results: There was no evidence that women experienced greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men when treated with citalopram compared with reboxetine. We also found no evidence of sex differences at six or 12 weeks (irrespective of antidepressant class): men scored −0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) −2.23 to 1.62) BDI-II points lower than women at six weeks and −0.44 (95% CI −2.62 to 1.74) points lower at 12 weeks. There was no evidence of sex differences in physical symptoms or treatment discontinuation and no evidence for an influence of menopausal status. Conclusion: Citalopram was not more effective in women compared with men and there was no difference in tolerability. Women and men had similar prognosis after SSRI treatment and similar prognosis regardless of antidepressant class. Findings were unaltered by menopausal status.
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- 2021
43. La epidemia de la depresión: cuando la ciencia no se revisa a sí misma.
- Author
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MONTERDE FUERTES, Alberto
- Abstract
Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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44. REVIEW PAPER. Depression in Pregnancy and Ways of Dealing.
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Syka, Andria
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ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,THERAPEUTICS ,SEASONAL affective disorder ,ACUPUNCTURE ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,CINAHL database ,COGNITIVE therapy ,COMBINED modality therapy ,COUNSELING ,MENTAL depression ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,PHOTOTHERAPY ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Introduction: In pregnancy information to guide mothers and nursing practitioners for the treatment of depression is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses to treatment of depression during pregnancy, in order to enable nurses to know the pros and cons of treatment for guiding and advising a pregnant woman properly. Material and method: Systematic review of the literature. The tools for the search of the literature were the electronic databases (PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR and CINAHL). The keywords used were: depression during pregnancy, perinatal depression, treatment, antidepressants during pregnancy. Results: In addition to drug therapy, there are alternative forms of depression treatment such as acupuncture, the use of morning light, individual psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling and end psychodynamic therapy. But no one can guarantee their effectiveness. Conclusions: It should be further explored the issue of the treatment of pregnancy depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
45. Effect of acute citalopram on self-referential emotional processing and social cognition in healthy volunteers
- Author
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Catherine J. Harmer, James Carson, Katherine S. Button, Jessica W. O'Brien, Mayowa Oyesanya, Lucy Wright, Jie Sui, Catherine Hobbs, Indra Van Assche, David Kessler, Marcus R. Munafò, and Susannah E. Murphy
- Subjects
Elementary cognitive task ,AVOIDANCE ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,cognitive neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social cognition ,mental disorders ,ANXIETY ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychological testing ,Psychiatry ,PERSONALITY ,Science & Technology ,CONSEQUENCES ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Antidepressants ,BIASES ,DEPRESSION ,EVOLUTION ,Associative learning ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,social functioning ,Prosocial behavior ,psychological testing ,Papers ,INFERENCE ,Psychology ,depressive disorders ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,BEHAVIOR ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Depression is characterised by negative views of the self. Antidepressant treatment may remediate negative self-schema through increasing processing of positive information about the self. Changes in affective processing during social interactions may increase expression of prosocial behaviours, improving interpersonal communications. Aims To examine whether acute administration of citalopram is associated with an increase in positive affective learning biases about the self and prosocial behaviour. Method Healthy volunteers (n = 41) were randomised to either an acute 20 mg dose of citalopram or matched placebo in a between-subjects double-blind design. Participants completed computer-based cognitive tasks designed to measure referential affective processing, social cognition and expression of prosocial behaviours. Results Participants administered citalopram made more cooperative choices than those administered placebo in a prisoner's dilemma task (β = 20%, 95% CI: 2%, 37%). Exploratory analyses indicated that participants administered citalopram showed a positive bias when learning social evaluations about a friend (β = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.88, 7.24), but not about the self or a stranger. Similarly, exploratory analyses found evidence of increased recall of positive words and reduced recall of negative words about others (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.93), but not the self, in the citalopram group. Conclusions Participants administered citalopram showed greater prosocial behaviours, increased positive recall and increased positive learning of social evaluations towards others. The increase in positive affective bias and prosocial behaviours towards others may, at least partially, be a mechanism of antidepressant effect. However, we found no evidence that citalopram influenced self-referential processing.
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- 2020
46. A review of the pharmacological action and mechanism of natural plant polysaccharides in depression.
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Yu-He Yang, Chen-Xue Li, Ruo-Bing Zhang, Ying Shen, Xue-Jiao Xu, and Qin-Ming Yu
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ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,MENTAL depression ,HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-adrenal axis ,COGNITION disorders ,GUT microbiome - Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder. However, clinical treatment options primarily based on chemical drugs have demonstrated varying degrees of adverse reactions and drug resistance, including somnolence, nausea, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the development of novel antidepressant medications that effectively reduce suffering and side effects has become a prominent area of research. Polysaccharides are bioactive compounds extracted from natural plants that possess diverse pharmacological activities and medicinal values. It has been discovered that polysaccharides can effectively mitigate depression symptoms. This paper provides an overview of the pharmacological action and mechanisms, intervention approaches, and experimental models regarding the antidepressant effects of polysaccharides derived from various natural sources. Additionally, we summarize the roles and potential mechanisms through which these polysaccharides prevent depression by regulating neurotransmitters, HPA axis, neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, tryptophan metabolism, and gut microbiota. Natural plant polysaccharides hold promise as adjunctive antidepressants for prevention, reduction, and treatment of depression by exerting their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways and targets. Therefore, this review aims to provide scientific evidence for developing polysaccharide resources as effective antidepressant drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of adherence to antidepressants in depressive disorders: a systematic review with a meta-analysis.
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Del Pino-Sedeño, Tasmania, Infante-Ventura, Diego, Hernández-González, Diego, González-Hernández, Yadira, González de León, Beatriz, Rivero-Santana, Amado, Hurtado, Isabel, and Acosta Artiles, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
MENTAL depression ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,OLDER patients ,DRUG therapy ,PATIENT compliance ,MIRTAZAPINE - Abstract
Introduction: Current evidence reveals concerning rates of non-adherence to antidepressant treatment, possibly influenced by various relevant determinants such as sociodemographic factors or those related to the health system and their professionals. The aim of this paper is to review the scientific evidence on sociodemographic and clinical predictors of adherence to pharmacological treatment in patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Methods: a systematic review (SR) was conducted. The search for a previous SR was updated and de novo searches were performed in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science (WoS) and PsycInfo (last 10 years). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for non-randomized studies-of Exposure (ROBINS-E). Meta-analyses were conducted. Results: Thirty-nine studies (n = 2,778,313) were included, 24 of them in the meta-analyses. In the initiation phase, no association of adherence was found with any of the predictors studied. In the implementation and discontinuation phases, middle-aged and older patients had better adherence rates and lower discontinuation rates than younger ones. White patients adhered to treatment better than African-American patients. Discussion: Age and ethnicity are presented as the predictive factors of pharmacological adherence. However, more research is needed in this field to obtain more conclusive results on other possible factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Global Neuropsychopharmacological Prescription Trends in Adults with Schizophrenia, Clinical Correlates and Implications for Practice: A Scoping Review.
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Ying, Jiangbo, Chew, Qian Hui, Wang, Yuxi, and Sim, Kang
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PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,MEDICAL prescriptions ,MOOD stabilizers ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents ,NEUROLEPTIC malignant syndrome - Abstract
It is important to examine the psychotropic prescription practices in schizophrenia, as it can inform regarding changing treatment choices and related patient profiles. No recent reviews have evaluated the global neuropsychopharmacological prescription patterns in adults with schizophrenia. A systematic search of the literature published from 2002 to 2023 found 88 empirical papers pertinent to the utilization of psychotropic agents. Globally, there were wide inter-country and inter-regional variations in the prescription of psychotropic agents. Overall, over time there was an absolute increase in the prescription rate of second-generation antipsychotics (up to 50%), mood stabilizers (up to 15%), and antidepressants (up to 17%), with an observed absolute decrease in the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy (up to 15%), use of high dose antipsychotic (up to 12% in Asia), clozapine (up to 9%) and antipsychotic long-acting injectables (up to 10%). Prescription patterns were mainly associated with specific socio-demographic (such as age), illness (such as illness duration), and treatment factors (such as adherence). Further work, including more evidence in adjunctive neuropsychopharmacological treatments, pharmaco-economic considerations, and examination of cohorts in prospective studies, can proffer insights into changing prescription trends relevant to different treatment settings and predictors of such trends for enhancement of clinical management in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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49. Effects of maternal depression and prenatal SSRI exposure on executive functions and susceptibility to household chaos in 6-year-old children: prospective cohort study
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Whitney M. Weikum, Tim F. Oberlander, Ruth E. Grunau, Gurpreet Dhaliwal, Ursula Brain, and Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau
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household chaos ,Serotonin reuptake inhibitor ,Context (language use) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,perinatal psychiatry ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective cohort study ,Pregnancy ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Antidepressants ,prenatal mood disorders ,executive functions ,Executive functions ,medicine.disease ,Maternal depression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Papers ,Antidepressant ,business ,Depressed mood ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Maternal depressed mood during pregnancy may shape a child's adaptation to their environment and engagement in goal-directed behaviour such as executive functions. Whether everyday household context also alters executive functions in children with prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant exposure remains to be determined. Aims To examine the impact of prenatal depressed maternal mood and SSRI exposure on child executive functions and to determine whether these exposures shape a susceptibility to household chaos. Method A prospective cohort study of mothers and their children (118 mother–children dyads (47 SSRI-exposed, 71 non-exposed)) followed from the second trimester to 6 years. Regression models examined relationships between maternal depressed mood and household chaos on maternal report of child executive functions. Competitive-confirmatory regression models examined whether children were susceptible to household chaos or were positively influenced by less chaos. Results Prenatal SSRI exposure, third-trimester maternal depressed mood and household chaos in a three-way interaction were associated with executive functions within a model of differential susceptibility. When household chaos was low, children of non-prenatally depressed mothers had better executive function than children of prenatally depressed mothers, regardless of whether the mothers were SSRI-treated. However, when household chaos was high, SSRI-exposed children of mothers who were not depressed during pregnancy had poorer executive functions at 6 years of age compared with SSRI-exposed children whose mothers were symptomatic during pregnancy. Conclusions The impact of household chaos depended on whether mothers were prenatally depressed and whether mothers were SSRI-treated.
- Published
- 2020
50. General practitioners’ and psychiatrists’ attitudes towards antidepressant withdrawal
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Michael Wilcock, Richard Laugharne, Joanne McCabe, Rohit Shankar, and Kate Atkinson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,public mental health ,business.industry ,Lived experience ,Pharmacist ,Antidepressants ,030227 psychiatry ,Discontinuation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Papers ,public opinion ,Medicine ,Antidepressant ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,business ,Psychiatry ,withdrawal side-effects - Abstract
Background There has been a recent rise in antidepressant prescriptions. After the episode for which it was prescribed, the patient should ideally be supported in withdrawing the medication. There is increasing evidence for withdrawal symptoms (sometimes called discontinuation symptoms) occurring on ceasing treatment, sometimes having severe or prolonged effects. Aims To identify and compare current knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners (GPs) and psychiatrists in Cornwall, UK, concerning antidepressant withdrawal symptoms. Method Questions about withdrawal symptoms and management were asked of GPs and psychiatrists in a multiple-choice cross-sectional study co-designed with a lived experience expert. Results Psychiatrists thought that withdrawal symptoms were more severe than GPs did (P = 0.003); 53% (22/42) of GPs and 69% (18/26) of psychiatrists thought that withdrawal symptoms typically last between 1 and 4 weeks, although there was a wide range of answers given; 35% (9/26) of psychiatrists but no GPs identified a pharmacist as someone they may use to help manage antidepressant withdrawal. About three-quarters of respondents claimed they usually or always informed patients of potential withdrawal symptoms when they started a patient on antidepressants, but patient surveys say only 1% are warned. Conclusions Psychiatrists and GPs need to effectively warn patients of potential withdrawal effects. Community pharmacists might be useful in supporting GP-managed antidepressant withdrawal. The wide variation in responses to most questions posed to participants reflects the variation in results of research on the topic. This highlights a need for more reproducible studies to be carried out on antidepressant withdrawal, which could inform future guidelines.
- Published
- 2020
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