7,415 results
Search Results
52. The role of alcohol consumption in the lives of older Australian women: qualitative insights and an agenda for further research, policy and practice.
- Author
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McCarthy S, Pitt H, Benjamin K, Stafford J, Keric D, Arnot G, and Thomas S
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- Humans, Female, Australia, Aged, Middle Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Health Policy, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Qualitative Research
- Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption presents a threat to the health and wellbeing of women. The alcohol industry often pushes back at global efforts to prioritise the prevention of alcohol harms to women. Qualitative researchers have investigated how younger and midlife women conceptualise their alcohol consumption, but there is very limited research relating to older women (those 60 years and over)., Methods: Using data collected from an online qualitative survey, this paper explored the factors that influence how older Australian women drinkers (n = 144. 60-88 years) conceptualised the role of alcohol in their lives. The study used a 'Big Q' reflexive approach to thematic analysis, drawing upon sociological theories of risk and symbolic interactionism to construct four themes from the data., Results: First, alcohol consumption was viewed by participants as an accepted and normalised social activity, that was part of Australian culture. Second, alcohol played a role for some participants as a way to cope with life changes (such as retirement), as well as managing stressful or challenging life circumstances (such as loneliness). Third, alcohol was part of the routines and rituals of everyday life for some women. For example, women discussed the consumption of wine with their evening meal as an important part of the structure of their day. Fourth, participants had clear personal expectancies about what it meant to be a 'responsible drinker'. They had clear narratives about personal control and moral obligation, which in some cases created a reduced perception of their own risk of alcohol-caused harm., Conclusions: This research provides a starting point for future public health research examining the factors that may shape older women's alcohol consumption beliefs and practices. Public health activities should consider the unique needs and potential vulnerabilities of older women drinkers, and how these may be potentially exploited by the alcohol industry., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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53. Evaluation and comparison of sensitivity of alcohol biomarkers PEth, EtG and EtPa in civil cases in England 2022-2023.
- Author
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Ashiru S, Banham J, Webster E, Saskoy L, Trotter G, Wade M, and Rooney B
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- Humans, Male, Female, England, Adult, Dried Blood Spot Testing, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Substance Abuse Detection methods, Adolescent, Palmitic Acids, Glucuronates analysis, Hair chemistry, Biomarkers blood, Biomarkers analysis, Alcohol Drinking legislation & jurisprudence, Glycerophospholipids blood
- Abstract
This study details trends in direct alcohol biomarker concentrations from civil cases within the United Kingdom (UK). Our subject cohort in this study related to family law litigation, where an individual was subject to an alcohol monitoring order by the court. This monitoring was conducted by quantification of alcohol biomarkers Phosphatidlyethanol (PEth) in dried blood spots (DBS) and Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) and Ethyl Palmitate (EtPa) from hair segments. In total 298 PEth cases predominantly from the South East of England during the period July 2022 to August 2023 were analysed for alcohol biomarkers in DBS and hair. Subjects alcohol intake was classified as abstinence/low alcohol consumption, moderate or excessive alcohol consumption, based on a combination of Society for Hair Testing and PEth Net guidelines. Our results indicate that 33 % of PEth concentrations were consistent with excessive alcohol use (>200 ng/mL DBS), with 36 % consistent with social or moderate alcohol use (20-200 ng/mL DBS). In relation to EtG and EtPa 23 % and 31 % of subjects were classified as excessive alcohol users respectively. This study indicates that DBS sampling of PEth is a more sensitive predictor of alcohol use, in particular, at differentiating between moderate and excessive alcohol use compared to EtG and EtPa testing in hair. The authors suggest that increased frequency in the sampling of PEth in DBS (multiple occasions per month) may provide a more accurate assessment and simplification of the interpretation criteria of alcohol patterns rather than the combined hair testing and DBS sampling that are typically requested by UK courts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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54. The effect of alcohol consumption on human physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress: a systematic scoping review.
- Author
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Morris NB, Ravanelli N, and Chaseling GK
- Subjects
- Humans, Heat Stress Disorders physiopathology, Hot Temperature adverse effects, Ethanol administration & dosage, Ethanol adverse effects, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Alcohol Drinking physiopathology, Body Temperature Regulation drug effects, Body Temperature Regulation physiology
- Abstract
Background: Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption is ostensibly known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during hot weather and heatwaves. However, how alcohol independently alters physiological, perceptual, and behavioral responses to heat stress remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic scoping review to understand how alcohol consumption affects thermoregulatory responses to the heat., Methods: We searched five databases employing the following eligibility criteria, studies must have: 1) involved the oral consumption of ethanol, 2) employed a randomized or crossover-control study design with a control trial consisting of a volume-matched, non-alcoholic beverage, 3) been conducted in healthy adult humans, 4) reported thermophysiological, perceptual, hydration status markers, and/or behavioral outcomes, 5) been published in English, 6) been conducted in air or water at temperatures of > 28°C, 7) involved passive rest or exercise, and 8) been published before October 4th, 2023., Results: After removing duplicates, 7256 titles were screened, 29 papers were assessed for eligibility and 8 papers were included in the final review. Across the 8 studies, there were a total of 93 participants (93 male/0 female), the average time of heat exposure was 70 min and average alcohol dose was 0.68 g·kg
1 . There were 23 unique outcome variables analyzed from the studies. The physiological marker most influenced by alcohol was core temperature (lowered with alcohol consumption in 3/4 studies). Additionally, skin blood flow was increased with alcohol consumption in the one study that measured it. Typical markers of dehydration, such as increased urine volume (1/3 studies), mass loss (1/3 studies) and decreased plasma volume (0/2 studies) were not consistently observed in these studies, except for in the study with the highest alcohol dose., Conclusion: The effect of alcohol consumption on thermoregulatory responses is understudied, and is limited by moderate doses of alcohol consumption, short durations of heat exposure, and only conducted in young-healthy males. Contrary to current heat-health advice, the available literature suggests that alcohol consumption does not seem to impair physiological responses to heat in young healthy males., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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55. Oppression-Based Stress and Alcohol Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: An Intersectional Multilevel Framework.
- Author
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Mereish EH
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Alcoholism epidemiology, Social Stigma, Sexual and Gender Minorities statistics & numerical data, Stress, Psychological, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at heightened risk for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. This paper: (a) presents an oppression framework that integrates intersectionality, stress, stigma, and addiction-based theories to examine the complex and nuanced ways oppression-based stress (e.g., minority stress) leads to sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in alcohol use; (b) conducts a narrative review that summarizes recent and novel advancements in the literature on the impact of oppression-based stressors on alcohol use outcomes across structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal domains among SGM people; and (c) provides future research and intervention directions for the alcohol field., Search Methods: A select review of the literature was conducted on July 10, 2023, using multiple electronic databases (i.e., PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science) and focusing on studies that had examined the associations between oppression-based stressors and alcohol use outcomes across structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels. Search terms focused on alcohol consumption; SGM people, particularly SGM people of color; and oppression-based stress. Cross-sectional studies that focused on heterosexism-based and anti-bisexual oppression-based stressors at the interpersonal or intrapersonal levels and alcohol use outcomes were excluded as they have been included in prior reviews of the literature., Search Results: The initial and combined search across the databases resulted in 3,205 articles. Of those, the narrative review included 50 peer-reviewed articles that focused on the following four areas of the literature on the associations between oppression-based stressors and alcohol use outcomes: (1) experimental, longitudinal, and experience sampling studies of heterosexism- and anti-bisexual oppression-based stressors (22 articles); (2) any studies of cissexism-based stressors (12 articles); (3) any studies of intersectional oppression among SGM people of color (seven articles, one article overlapped with the first category and another overlapped with the fourth category); and (4) any studies of structural oppression (11 articles)., Discussion and Conclusions: Results of this narrative review indicate that mounting evidence implicates oppression-based stress in inequities in alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder in SGM populations. This reflects SGM people's embodiment of oppression and injustice at the structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels. Given some inconsistent and mixed patterns of findings, future research needs greater specificity in drinking inclusion criteria, robust and well-validated measures, more attention to culturally and developmentally relevant moderating and mediating mechanisms across the lifespan, application of sophisticated methodologies, and integration of intersectional and addiction frameworks., Competing Interests: Disclosures: The author declares no competing financial or nonfinancial interests.
- Published
- 2024
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56. Social mobile sensing and problematic alcohol consumption: Insights from smartphone metadata.
- Author
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Haucke M, Heinzel S, and Liu S
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Germany epidemiology, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Middle Aged, Mobile Applications, Young Adult, SARS-CoV-2, Social Interaction, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 psychology, Smartphone, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Social Media
- Abstract
Background: Alcohol is often consumed in a social context. We aim to investigate whether social mobile sensing is associated with real-world social interactions and alcohol consumption. In addition, we investigate how social restriction policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced these associations., Methods: We conducted a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study for 7 days over a 213-day period from 8 August 2020 to 9 March 2021 in Germany, including both no-lockdown and lockdown stages. Participants used a smartphone application which passively collects data on social behavior (e.g., app usage, phone calls, SMS). Moreover, we assessed real-world social interactions and alcohol consumption via daily questionnaires., Results: We found that each one-hour increase in social media usage was associated with a 40.2% decrease in the average number of drinks consumed. Mediation analysis suggested that social media usage decreases alcohol intake through decreased real-world social interactions. Notably, we did not find that any significant influence of the lockdown stage on the association between social mobile sensing and alcohol intake., Conclusions: Our study suggests that people who use more social media drink less, likely due to reduced face-to-face social interactions. This highlights the potential of social mobile sensing as an objective measure of social activity and its implications for understanding alcohol consumption behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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57. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners
- Author
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, Heng, and Room, Robin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Original Paper ,harm to others ,intimate partner harm ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,alcohol ,Australia ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Original Papers ,Young Adult ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sex Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Interpersonal Relations ,Alcohol-Related Disorders ,Follow-Up Studies ,Uncategorized - Abstract
Introduction Harms from intimate partners' (IP) drinking range from frustration because the partner has not performed their role to assault. Aim To describe the prevalence and persistence of alcohol‐related harms to IPs and assess which respondents are more likely to report discontinuation of this harm. Design and methods Cross‐sectional (n = 2649) and follow‐up (n = 1106) alcohol's harm to others telephone surveys in 2008 and 2011 (response rates of 35% and 15% of the original sample respectively) were used to elicit harms to respondents from their IP's drinking (by gender and relationship). To examine discontinuation, a sub‐sample of 83 respondents was analysed in detail. Results A total of 6.7% of Australians were negatively affected by an IP's drinking in 2008. Women were more likely to report harm than men from an IP's drinking. Of the 1106 respondents who completed both surveys, the majority (90%) reported no harm from IPs although 3% reported harm in both surveys. No significant correlates of discontinuation of harm were identified. Discussion Many Australian relationships are affected in a range of ways because of the drinking of their IPs. A minority of respondents were affected by their IP's drinking, yet over half (57%) of those harmed in 2008 continued to experience harm in 2011. Additionally, half (46.9%) of those who were not harmed in 2008 but did live with a heavy drinking IP did go on to be harmed in 2011. More research on the role of alcohol‐related harm from IPs with larger samples is required to examine predictors of change. [Laslett A‐M, Jiang H, Room R. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:72–79]
- Published
- 2023
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58. 'When I open it, I have to drink it all': Push and pull factors shaping domestic alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic UK Spring 2020 lockdown
- Author
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Dominic Conroy and Emily Nicholls
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,interviews ,dewey610 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Context (language use) ,lockdown ,home drinking ,COVID‐19 ,Political science ,medicine ,Humans ,Marketing ,Closure (psychology) ,Pandemics ,Consumption (economics) ,Original Paper ,Ethanol ,Human migration ,business.industry ,alcohol ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,Moderation ,Focus group ,Original Papers ,United Kingdom ,Health promotion ,Communicable Disease Control ,business - Abstract
Introduction:\ud The closure of licensed venues during the COVID-19 pandemic meant that most alcohol has been consumed at home during lockdown periods in the UK, a phenomenon which remains under-researched despite the public health implications. \ud \ud Methods:\ud This paper draws on a study consisting of online semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 20 UK drinkers, conducted between the first and second 2020 UK lockdowns. The study aimed to explore changing and enduring UK drinking practices within home spaces during the pandemic. \ud \ud Results:\ud Our findings illuminate specific ways in which assemblages and contextual factors may come together to encourage or mitigate against the consumption of any (or excessive) volumes of alcohol at home during lockdown. For example, the physical presence of alcohol bottles may both encourage consumption (e.g., compulsion to finish an open bottle of wine) and cue reflection on one’s drinking (through the potentially confronting presence of empty bottles after domestic drinking). We also highlight the significance of the home as a space separate from – and different to – public drinking spaces. \ud \ud Discussion and conclusions:\ud With the increasing normalisation of domestic drinking during a global pandemic, this paper illuminates several factors that may encourage or curtail domestic alcohol consumption and invites us to consider the importance of assemblages, space and context. Such findings have wider applicability; for example consideration of specific (and perhaps unique) push and pull factors of home spaces could inform future alcohol policy, health promotion messages and how guidance around ‘moderation’ or risky drinking is communicated.
- Published
- 2021
59. Does genetic predisposition modify the effect of lifestyle-related factors on DNA methylation?
- Author
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Chenglong Yu, Allison M Hodge, Ee Ming Wong, Jihoon E Joo, Enes Makalic, Daniel F Schmidt, Daniel D Buchanan, Gianluca Severi, John L Hopper, Dallas R English, Graham G Giles, Roger L Milne, Melissa C Southey, and Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Alcohol Drinking ,Smoking ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,DNA Methylation ,Molecular Biology ,Body Mass Index ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Research Paper - Abstract
Lifestyle-related phenotypes have been shown to be heritable and associated with DNA methylation. We aimed to investigate whether genetic predisposition to tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and higher body mass index (BMI) moderates the effect of these phenotypes on blood DNA methylation. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) to quantify genetic predisposition to these phenotypes using training (N = 7,431) and validation (N = 4,307) samples. Using paired genetic-methylation data (N = 4,307), gene–environment interactions (i.e., PGS × lifestyle) were assessed using linear mixed-effects models with outcomes: 1) methylation at sites found to be strongly associated with smoking (1,061 CpGs), alcohol consumption (459 CpGs), and BMI (85 CpGs) and 2) two epigenetic ageing measures, PhenoAge and GrimAge. In the validation sample, PGS explained ~1.4% (P = 1 × 10(−14)), ~0.6% (P = 2 × 10(−7)), and ~8.7% (P = 7 × 10(−87)) of variance in smoking initiation, alcohol consumption, and BMI, respectively. Nominally significant interaction effects (P
- Published
- 2022
60. A Possible Role of Social Activity to Explain Differences in Publication Output among Ecologists
- Author
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Grim, Tomáš
- Published
- 2008
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61. Industry views about the Banned Drinker Register in the Northern Territory: Early lessons from a qualitative evaluation
- Author
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James A. Smith, Tessa Wallace, Sarah Clifford, and Elizabeth Adamson
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Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,Alcohol industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Public Policy ,Criminal Law ,Perception ,Northern Territory ,Humans ,Industry ,Registries ,media_common ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Amenity ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Stakeholder ,Public relations ,Original Papers ,Banned Drinker Register ,Focus group ,Harm ,Community health ,alcohol harm reduction ,alcohol policy ,Thematic analysis ,business - Abstract
Introduction and Aims The Northern Territory Government has recently planned and implemented an extensive suite of alcohol harm minimisation policies, including the reintroduction of the Banned Drinker Register (BDR). It is an explicit alcohol supply reduction measure that places persons who consume alcohol at harmful levels onto a register, prohibiting the purchase of alcohol from take‐away liquor outlets. This paper explores industry stakeholders' perspectives regarding the extent to which the BDR is meeting its objectives to improve community health and safety by reducing alcohol‐related harms. Design and Methods Interviews and one focus group were conducted with 66 alcohol industry stakeholders from urban and remote locations. Focusing on outcomes both central (crime and safety) and peripheral (health and therapeutic support) to the stakeholders' interest, the authors used inductive thematic analysis to examine participants' perceptions about the effectiveness of the BDR. Results Analysis revealed mixed views about the effectiveness of the BDR. There is a tension between the objective to address public amenity and decrease crime, as expressed by the participants, compared to the health‐focused approach to therapeutic services and referrals identified in other sources. Discussion and Conclusions Drawing on these findings, alongside other relevant sources, the authors argue there is a need for a more effective communication strategy to the public and professional community to enhance the capacity of the BDR to meet its goals. The authors recognise the limitations of alcohol industry stakeholder views and identify the need for a comprehensive evaluation approach that includes multiple stakeholder perspectives.
- Published
- 2020
62. Trends in Diet and Cancer Research: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis.
- Author
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Giles, Erin D., Purcell, Sarah A., Olson, Jessica, Vrieling, Alina, Hirko, Kelly A., Woodruff, Kary, Playdon, Mary C., Thomas, Gwendolyn A., Gilmore, L. Anne, Moberly, Heather K., and Newell-Fugate, Annie E.
- Subjects
TUMOR prevention ,MEDITERRANEAN diet ,VEGETABLES ,FOOD consumption ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,FRUIT ,TUMORS ,DIETARY fats ,MEDICAL research ,NUTRITIONAL status - Abstract
Simple Summary: Diet plays an important role in modifying cancer risk and may improve outcomes for patients during and after cancer treatment. The goals of this bibliometric review were to characterize studies, highlight emerging trends, and identify gaps in the literature regarding diet and cancer. We found that while previous publications have focused on the impact of high-fat diets and alcohol on common cancers such as breast, colorectal, and liver, there are far fewer publications describing the role of diet in less prevalent cancers. Areas of emerging interest include studies on nutrient timing, spices, and pre- and probiotics. Diet plays a critical role for patients across the cancer continuum. The World Cancer Research Fund International and the American Cancer Society have published evidence supporting the role of nutrition in cancer prevention. We conducted an analysis of the literature on dietary nutrients and cancer to uncover opportunities for future research. The objective of the bibliometric analysis was to describe trends in peer-reviewed publications on dietary components and cancer and to highlight research gaps. PubMed was queried for manuscripts with diet- and cancer-related keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Metadata covering 99,784 publications from 6469 journals were analyzed to identify trends since 1970 on diet topics across 19 tumor types. Publications focused largely on breast, colorectal, and liver cancer, with fewer papers linking diet with other cancers such as brain, gallbladder, or ovarian. With respect to "unhealthy" diets, many publications focused on high-fat diets and alcohol consumption. The largest numbers of publications related to "healthy" diets examined the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the need for additional research focused on under-investigated cancers and dietary components, as well as dietary studies during cancer therapy and post-therapy, which may help to prolong survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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63. A global review of the impact on women from men's alcohol drinking: the need for responding with a gendered lens.
- Author
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Wilson IM, Willoughby B, Tanyos A, Graham K, Walker M, Laslett AM, and Ramsoomar L
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Global Health, Qualitative Research, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Intimate Partner Violence psychology
- Abstract
Background: Global evidence shows that men's harmful alcohol use contributes to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other harms. Yet, interventions that target alcohol-related harms to women are scarce. Quantitative analyses demonstrate links with physical and verbal aggression; however, the specific harms to women from men's drinking have not been well articulated, particularly from an international perspective., Aim: To document the breadth and nature of harms and impact of men's drinking on women., Methods: A narrative review, using inductive analysis, was conducted of peer-reviewed qualitative studies that: (a) focused on alcohol (men's drinking), (b) featured women as primary victims, (c) encompassed direct/indirect harms, and (d) explicitly featured alcohol in the qualitative results. Papers were selected following a non-time-limited systematic search of key scholarly databases., Results: Thirty papers were included in this review. The majority of studies were conducted in low- to middle-income countries. The harms in the studies were collated and organised under three main themes: (i) harmful alcohol-related actions by men (e.g. violence, sexual coercion, economic abuse), (ii) impact on women (e.g. physical and mental health harm, relationship functioning, social harm), and (iii) how partner alcohol use was framed by women in the studies., Conclusion: Men's drinking results in a multitude of direct, indirect and hidden harms to women that are cumulative, intersecting and entrench women's disempowerment. An explicit gendered lens is needed in prevention efforts to target men's drinking and the impact on women, to improve health and social outcomes for women worldwide.
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- 2024
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64. Characterising the patterns of and factors associated with increased alcohol consumption since <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 in a <scp>UK</scp> sample
- Author
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Dimitra Kale, Lion Shahab, Aleksandra Herbec, Claire Garnett, Jamie Brown, and Melissa Oldham
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Adult ,Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Drinking pattern ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,COVID‐19 ,change ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Original Paper ,alcohol ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Physical health ,Middle Aged ,Original Papers ,United Kingdom ,drinking pattern ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Communicable Disease Control ,Female ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction To examine changes in drinking patterns and to assess factors associated with reported increases in frequency of drinking, units consumed and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the UK lockdown. Methods Online cross‐sectional survey of 2777 self‐selected UK adults. Results Thirty percent of participants reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, 16% reported drinking more units per drinking occasion and 14% reported more frequent HED. For men and women, increased frequency of drinking was associated with being less likely to believe alcohol drinking would lead to greater chance of catching COVID‐19 (men: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.00; women: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00) and deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.51); increased unit consumption was associated with deterioration in financial situation (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.86; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.64) and physical health (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67; OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.31, 2.10). Finally, increases in the frequency of HED were associated with deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.18; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.82) and being furloughed (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.86; OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.56). Other gender differences were detected, for example, living with children was associated with an increase in units consumed (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.73) and the frequency of HED (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.99) for men, but not women. Discussion and Conclusions In this self‐selected UK sample, a significant proportion of individuals reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, drinking more units per drinking occasion and more frequent HED. There were consistent predictors of increased consumption across men and women, but other gender differences were detected. This study identifies groups that may require targeted support in future lockdowns.
- Published
- 2021
65. Alcohol use, cigarette smoking, vaping and number of sexual partners: A cross‐sectional study of sexually active, ethnically diverse, inner city adolescents
- Author
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Agata Lesniewska, Sarah Kerry-Barnard, Pippa Oakeshott, Rosalie Bartholomew, Rachel Phillips, Nicholas Beckley-Hoelscher, Freya Yoward, Charlotte Fleming, and Fiona Reid
- Subjects
Male ,Medicine (General) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Cross-sectional study ,Ethnic group ,cigarette smoking ,Context (language use) ,1110 Nursing ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,risky behaviours ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,adolescents ,Adverse effect ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,Chlamydia ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,alcohol ,030503 health policy & services ,Vaping ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Questionnaire ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Original Research Paper ,Health Care Sciences & Services ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sexual Partners ,Relationship education ,1701 Psychology ,Health Policy & Services ,sexual lifestyles ,Female ,Public Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Original Research Papers ,Demography - Abstract
Context There are few UK data on the prevalence and clustering of risky behaviours in ethnically diverse adolescents. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of reported alcohol use, smoking and vaping, and explore whether these behaviours are associated with increased numbers of sexual partners. Design Questionnaire survey of ‘Test n Treat’ chlamydia screening trial participants. Setting and participants Sexually active students attending six London technical colleges completed confidential questionnaires and provided genitourinary samples. Results The median age of the 509 participants was 17 years (IQR: 16‐18), 47% were male, 50% were of black ethnicity, 55% reported ≥2 sexual partners in the past year (67% of males and 45% of females) and 6.2% had chlamydia infection and 0.6% gonorrhoea. Almost half (48%) reported getting drunk in the past month, 33% smoked cigarettes and 7% had ever vaped. A larger percentage of students with ≥2 sexual partners than 0‐1 partners reported getting drunk in the past month (53.7%, 144/268% versus 42.2% 94/223, adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.11‐1.61) and smoking cigarettes (36.6%, 100/273% versus 30.2%, 67/222, 1.34 (1.05‐1.70)). By contrast, multiple sexual partners were not associated with vaping or chlamydia infection, but numbers were small. Conclusions We found high prevalences of risky behaviour and an association between multiple sexual partners and smoking and/or getting drunk. Findings support the introduction of compulsory sex and relationship education in UK secondary schools, including information about the adverse effects of alcohol and smoking. Public contribution Participants helped with study design, conduct and interpretation.
- Published
- 2021
66. The association of acute alcohol use and dynamic suicide risk with variation in onward care after psychiatric crisis
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Katherine I. Morley, Kezia R. Ross, Vivienne Curtis, Megan Pritchard, John E. Robins, and Nicola J. Kalk
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Adult ,Hospitals, Psychiatric ,medicine.medical_specialty ,psychiatric‐emergency‐services ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,Mental Health Act ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Suicide, Attempted ,Alcohol ,Logistic regression ,Acute alcohol ,Suicidal Ideation ,Odds ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Psychiatric hospital ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Association (psychology) ,Psychiatry ,suicide ,electronic‐health‐records ,Original Paper ,Suicide attempt ,business.industry ,patient‐discharge ,Original Papers ,Hospitalization ,chemistry ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Introduction Despite the association of alcohol use with recurrent suicidal acts, individuals attempting suicide after drinking alcohol face barriers accessing crisis care following emergency assessment, demonstrated by higher odds of inpatient admission for those whose suicide attempt did not feature alcohol. This disparity may be due to suicidality dissipating more rapidly after a suicide attempt involving alcohol. We investigated the effect of acute alcohol use and ongoing suicidality on onward care decisions after emergency assessment. Methods We analysed electronic health records of 650 suicidal adults detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983, amended 2007) for up to 36 h at a London psychiatric emergency care centre. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of acute alcohol use and ongoing suicidality (including their interaction) with admission to psychiatric hospital. Results Fifteen percent of previously intoxicated detainees expressed suicidal intent at detention end, compared to 24% of detainees who had not used alcohol prior to detention. Compared to those who were not previously intoxicated and not suicidal at detention end, acute alcohol use was associated with reduced odds of admission amongst those no longer suicidal (AOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.6). Where suicidality persisted, odds of admission rose; however, the magnitude of increase when in combination with prior alcohol use (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9, 7.1) was under half that of when alcohol was not involved (AOR 8.2, 95% CI 3.5, 19.1). Discussion and Conclusions Acute alcohol use is associated with transient suicidality, but this only partially accounts for disparities in care following suicide attempts.
- Published
- 2021
67. Peer influences on adolescent alcohol consumption: evidence using an instrumental variables/fixed effect approach
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Fletcher, Jason M.
- Published
- 2012
68. Public opinion and experiences of crime two and five years following the implementation of a targeted regulation of licensed premises in Newcastle, Australia
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Melanie Kingsland, Jenny Tindall, Karen Gillham, John Wiggers, Rebecca K Hodder, and Christophe Lecathelinais
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Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,Precinct ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Public opinion ,Logistic regression ,Entertainment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SAFER ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Licensed premises ,Australia ,Original Papers ,Harm ,Public Opinion ,Service (economics) ,licensed premise ,Crime ,New South Wales ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,alcohol availability ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction and Aims In 2008 additional licensing restrictions were imposed on ‘high‐risk’ licensed premises in the entertainment precinct of Newcastle (Australia) including earlier closing, a ‘lock‐out’ and additional responsible service of alcohol restrictions. A study was conducted to assess community perceptions, experiences of crime and support for the restrictions, 2 and 5 years following implementation. Design and Methods Telephone surveys were conducted with random samples of Newcastle community members (≥18 years) in 2010 and 2013. Change over time in perceptions and experiences of crime, and awareness and support of the conditions was analysed using logistic regression analyses for all participants, and separately for night‐time visitors. Results Among all participants (2010: n = 376; 2013: n = 314) the perception that alcohol misuse was a problem declined between 2010 and 2013 for all participants (90% to 85%; P = 0.02), and specifically among night‐time visitors (87% to 75%; P = 0.06). Awareness of the restrictions was high among all participants and sub‐groups, and remained constant over time. Support for the restrictions was also high, with drink restrictions being the most popular. More night‐time visitors reported that conditions made the streets safer in 2013 (62%) than 2010 (47%; P = 0.05). Support for applying restrictions to all licensed premises in the Newcastle entertainment precinct (83%) and across New South Wales was high in 2013 (86%). Discussion and Conclusions At 2 years and 5 years following implementation of additional licensing restrictions, significant improvements in public perceptions of the occurrence of alcohol‐related harm and crime were evident, as were high levels of support for the restrictions.
- Published
- 2020
69. Sudden cardiac death triggered by minimal alcohol consumption in the context of novel PPA2 mutations in 2 unrelated families.
- Author
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Gómez González C, Del Campo Cano I, Isabel Fernández-Avila A, Paz Suárez-Mier M, José Sagastizábal M, Álvarez García-Rovés R, Méndez Fernández I, Vilches S, Centeno Jiménez M, Siles Sánchez-Manjavacas A, Usano Carrasco A, Gonzalez-Vioque E, Pablo Ochoa J, Medrano C, González López E, García-Pavía P, Bermejo J, and Angeles Espinosa Castro M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mutation, Missense, Pedigree, Spain, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology, Mitochondrial Proteins genetics, Inorganic Pyrophosphatase genetics
- Abstract
Biallelic variants in PPA2 gene cause a rare but lethal mitochondrial disorder. We describe the first four cases reported in Spain of PPA2 disease in two unrelated families. We have conducted a revision of the clinical history, necropsies, and postmortem genetic testing from probands, and clinical evaluation, genetic testing and blood transcript analysis in family members. All the cases harbored biallelic PPA2 variants in compound heterozygous status. Two brothers from family 1 suffered sudden death after a small first intake of alcohol in 2013 and 2022. The sister remains alive but affected with cardiomyopathy, extensive scar on cardiac imaging, and high sensitivity to alcohol intake. The three siblings carried PPA2 c.290A > G (p.Glu97Gly) novel missense variant and PPA2 c.513C > T (p.Cys171 = ) altering splicing site variant, both probably leading to mRNA degradation based on in-silico and transcript analyses. A teenager from family 2 suffered sudden death after a small intake of alcohol in 2018 and carried PPA2 c.683C > T (p.Pro228Leu) missense and PPA2 c.980_983del (p.Gln327fs) novel frameshift variant, both probably leading to abnormal protein structure. All cases were asymptomatic until adolescence. Furthermore, the sister in family 1 has survived as an asymptomatic adult. PPA2 disease can manifest as cardiac arrest in the young, especially after alcohol exposure. Our results show that PPA2 deficiency can be related to different pathogenicity mechanisms such as abnormal protein structure but also mRNA decay caused by synonymous or missense variants. Strict avoidance of alcohol consumption and early defibrillator implantation might prevent lethal arrhythmias in patients at risk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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70. Drinking and driving: A systematic review of the impacts of alcohol consumption on manual and automated driving performance.
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Dong M, Lee YY, Cha JS, and Huang G
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- Humans, Accidents, Traffic prevention & control, Driving Under the Influence statistics & numerical data, Driving Under the Influence prevention & control, Blood Alcohol Content, Automobiles, Automobile Driving, Alcohol Drinking, Automation
- Abstract
Introduction: Almost a third of car accidents involve driving after alcohol consumption. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) may offer accident-prevention benefits, but at current automation levels, drivers must still perform manual driving tasks when automated systems fail. Therefore, understanding how alcohol affects driving in both manual and automated contexts offers insight into the role of future vehicle design in mediating crash risks for alcohol-impaired driving., Method: This study conducted a systematic review on alcohol effects on manual and automated (takeover) driving performance. Fifty-three articles from eight databases were analyzed, with findings structured based on the information processing model, which can be extended to the AV takeover model., Results: The literature indicates that different Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) levels affect driving skills essential for traffic safety at various information processing stages, such as delayed reacting time, impaired cognitive abilities, and hindered execution of driving tasks. Additionally, the driver's driving experience, drinking habits, and external driving environment play important roles in influencing driving performance., Conclusions: Future work is needed to examine the effects of alcohol on driving performance, particularly in AVs and takeover situations, and to develop driver monitoring systems., Practical Applications: Findings from this review can inform future experiments, AV technology design, and the development of driver state monitoring systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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71. Correlation between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and Rosacea: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
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Wang J and Zhang L
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- Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Risk Factors, Rosacea epidemiology, Rosacea genetics, Mendelian Randomization Analysis methods, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Cigarette Smoking epidemiology, Cigarette Smoking genetics, Cigarette Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Controversy persists regarding the causal relationship between Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. This paper employs the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to elucidate the correlation between Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. The aim is to contribute valuable insights to aid in the prevention and early treatment of Rosacea., Method: Summary datasets for cigarette smoking parameters (Cigarettes smoked per day, Smoking status: Previous, smoking status: Current) and alcohol consumption (Alcoholic drinks per week) were selected alongside data for Rosacea from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The Two-sample MR method was employed to analyze the correlation between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. Various MR analysis methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Simple Mode, Weighted Mode, and Weighted Median, were chosen. IVW served as the primary analysis method., Results: The results indicate a significant negative association between Cigarettes smoked per day and Rosacea. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between Smoking status: Previous and Rosacea. However, no significant associations were found between Smoking status: Current, Alcoholic drinks per week, and Rosacea., Conclusion: This study provides further clarity on the association between cigarette smoking, drinking, and Rosacea through a two-sample MR analysis. Notably, the number of cigarettes smoked per day appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of Rosacea, while cigarette smoking cessation may increase the risk. Surprisingly, alcohol consumption does not emerge as a significant risk factor for Rosacea. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between lifestyle factors and the occurrence of Rosacea, offering potential insights for preventive measures and early intervention., (© 2024 The Author(s). Skin Research and Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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72. Alcohol, No Ordinary Commodity: policy implications for Canada.
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Crépault JF, Naimi TS, Rehm J, Shield KD, Wells S, Wettlaufer A, and Babor TF
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- Humans, Canada, Alcoholic Beverages economics, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Health Policy
- Abstract
Alcohol is a favorite psychoactive substance of Canadians. It is also a leading risk factor for death and disability, playing a causal role in a broad spectrum of health and social issues. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity is a collaborative, integrative review of the scientific literature. This paper describes the epidemiology of alcohol use and current state of alcohol policy in Canada, best practices in policy identified by the third edition of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity , and the implications for the development of effective alcohol policy in Canada. Best practices - strongly supported by the evidence, highly effective in reducing harm, and relatively low-cost to implement - have been identified. Measures that control affordability, limit availability, and restrict marketing would reduce population levels of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease attributable to it., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Crépault, Naimi, Rehm, Shield, Wells, Wettlaufer and Babor.)
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- 2024
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73. Gender-based violence and its determinants among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Tadesse, Gebresilassie, Andualem, Fantahun, Rtbey, Gidey, Nakie, Girum, Takelle, Girmaw Medfu, Molla, Ayenew, Abate, Asnake Tadesse, Kibralew, Getasew, Kelebie, Mulualem, Fentahun, Setegn, and Tinsae, Techilo
- Subjects
GENDER-based violence ,ALCOHOL drinking ,PUBLICATION bias ,YOUNG women ,ELECTRONIC journals - Abstract
Background: Gender-based violence is a serious public health concern and affects a large number of women and girls in humanitarian emergencies. Despite this, there is a dearth of the summary data to address the issue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the estimated pooled magnitude and factors associated with gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were among the databases that were used to search the primary articles. The reviewed papers were articles that evaluated the prevalence and contributing variables of gender-based violence against refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. We extracted the data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which we exported into Stata version 14 for further analysis. The I
2 test was applied to identify statistical heterogeneity. We used a random effect meta-analysis methodology because of the heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression test were used to examine publication bias. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed 17 primary studies with a total of 6,161 refugees and internally displaced women in Africa. The findings of this study revealed that the estimated pooled prevalence of gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced women was determined to be 48.20% (95% CI: 39.28, 57.12). Young age (AOR = 3.68, CI: 2.63, 5.14), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.53, CI: 1.56, 4.11), and having no social protection (AOR = 3.21, CI: 2.22, 4.63) were factors significantly associated with gender-based violence. Conclusions and recommendations: The present study showed that almost half of refugees and internally displaced women residing in Africa were survivors of gender-based violence. Younger women, alcohol users, and those without social protection were more likely to experience gender-based violence. Therefore, it is recommended that accessible information about the consequences of gender-based violence and early intervention for survivors be provided, taking these factors into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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74. Analysis of risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in schizophrenia.
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Yu-hang Chen, Cong-ying Ren, and Yu Liao
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DRINKING age ,SMOKING ,ELECTROCONVULSIVE therapy ,ALCOHOL drinking ,MOOD stabilizers - Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia is one of the most important causes of recurrent illness, disease progression, and even death during hospitalization. Patients with schizophrenia have the special characteristics of their disease, and at the same time, the occurrence of hospital-acquired pneumonia is more common among patients with schizophrenia due to the prolonged stay in closed wards, accompanied by various factors such as age, gender, and nutritional status. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) databases were searched with a timeframe of build to February 2024 to collect studies on factors influencing hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with schizophrenia. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and analyzed them. Results: A total of 5 papers including 85246 patients were included in the literature, which suggested that benzodiazepines (especially the use of clozapine), combination of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT), duration of hospitalization, underlying diseases, hyperglycemia, and salivation/dysphagia were important risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in schizophrenia patients, and that advanced age, smoking and alcohol drinking Older age, smoking and drinking habits, malnutrition, and underlying diseases are also risk factors for hospitalacquired pneumonia. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing hospital-acquired pneumonia, so identifying the risk factors associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia and evaluating them comprehensively and promptly during hospitalization facilitates the development of early interventions, which are essential for improving the prognosis of patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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75. Care, co-survival, and decency: expanding the understanding of outdoor life and smaller alcohol and drug scenes in Denmark and Norway.
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Bach, Jonas Strandholdt, Grønnestad, Trond Erik, Selbekk, Anne Schanche, Bye, Vilde Holan, and Skjong, Amanda
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PUBLIC spaces ,CITIES & towns ,ALCOHOL drinking ,OUTDOOR life ,DRUG abusers - Abstract
Introduction: Public spaces where alcohol and other drugs are openly used and marginal citizens gather, exist in many Nordic cities. The biggest open drug scenes in the Nordic countries are in cities like Oslo and Copenhagen; however, there are smaller scenes in other cities and suburbs, centered around shed-like structures, offering some form of shelter and a designated space for marginalized people involved in heavy drug and alcohol use who hang out in public space. In this paper, we investigate, in a comparative perspective, the characteristics and functions of smaller open alcohol and drug scenes, and how their existence is negotiated in the local community and among the citizens using them. Methods and material: This article is a comparative case-study based on data from fieldwork (participating observation and interviews) carried out in two specific, yet somewhat similar, locations in Denmark and Norway between 2017 – 2022. A crosscase analysis was performed to identify commonalities and differences. Results: Smaller open alcohol and drug scenes are non-regulated spaces of ambivalence and ongoing negotiation in local communities. Based on the data across locations, they represent possibilities for informal care and community for citizens in marginalized situations. The scenes are further, across location, characterized by a mutual agreement of performing decency, e.g., not allowing minor drug sale/use. Discussion: To enable public spaces as smaller alcohol and drug scenes can play a role in reducing harm for marginalized citizens. Communication and dialogue between citizens using an open drug scene and the wider community may help reduce stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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76. Psychosocial interventions for improving the physical health of young people and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review.
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Ward, John Headley, McBride, Audrey, Price, Anna, and Delgado, Tamsin Newlove
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ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DATA extraction ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Background: Young people and adults with ADHD are at risk of a range of physical health problems. There is limited guidance on how to approach health problems in ADHD, and especially around 16-25 year olds who will be transitioning from paediatric to adult care. The aim of this scoping review was to identify psychosocial interventions that target physical health in young people and adults with ADHD. Methods: We constructed searches in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE of adolescents, young people and adults. Inclusion criteria were; studies of psychosocial interventions examining a component of physical health, applicable to people aged 16-25, with clinical or research diagnoses of ADHD. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool and tabulated, including study intervention framing/aims, population, intervention, and relevant outcomes (including specific statistics where relevant). Results: Our search identified 22 unique papers covering, psychosocial interventions targeting at least one of sleep (n=7), smoking (n=3), substance/alcohol use (n=4), physical health/exercise (n=6) and general health (n=3). Studies examined psychotherapy/behaviour interventions (n=12), psychoeducation (n=4), digital (n=2) and social interventions (n=4). There was significant heterogeneity in intervention framing, outcome measures and population. Conclusion: Further work on the impact of targeted physical health interventions, with explicit reference to a conceptual framework of poor health in ADHD is required. Furthermore, future work standardising reporting of physical health outcomes in ADHD is crucial for the development of an evidence base in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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77. What Does 'Preconception Health' Mean to People? A Public Consultation on Awareness and Use of Language.
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Schoenaker, Danielle, Gafari, Olatundun, Taylor, Elizabeth, Hall, Jennifer, Barker, Caroline, Jones, Barney, Alwan, Nisreen A., Watson, Daniella, Jacob, Chandni Maria, Barker, Mary, Godfrey, Keith M., Reason, Emily, Forder, Finlay, and Stephenson, Judith
- Subjects
LANGUAGE & languages ,SUPPORT groups ,HEALTH literacy ,NATIONAL health services ,LIFESTYLES ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,RESEARCH funding ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH policy ,LGBTQ+ people ,FOLIC acid ,REGULATION of body weight ,SMOKING ,PUBLIC opinion ,PARENTHOOD ,AGE distribution ,ENDOMETRIOSIS ,PRECONCEPTION care ,HEALTH behavior ,WOMEN'S health ,HEALTH promotion ,PUBLIC health ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DIET ,DIABETES ,WELL-being - Abstract
Introduction: There is growing scientific and policy recognition that optimising health before a potential pregnancy (preconception health) improves reproductive outcomes and the lifelong health of future children. However, public awareness on this topic is low. We conducted a public consultation to develop language recommendations and identify and prioritise approaches to inform research and improve public awareness of preconception health. Methods: A public consultation was undertaken with people of any gender aged 18–50 years living in the United Kingdom who were not currently expecting a child. Public contributors were recruited through patient and public involvement, community and support groups, an existing cohort study, and an LGBTQ+ charity. An initial round of online group discussions (February/March 2021) explored public contributors' knowledge of preconception health, their recommendations for appropriate language, and ideas about public health approaches. In a subsequent discussion round (May 2021), language recommendations were refined and suggested approaches prioritised. Discussions were summarised based on notes taken by two researchers. Results: Fifty‐four people joined the initial discussion round (66% women, 21% men, 13% nonbinary or transgender; 55% aged 18–30 years, 30% 31–40 years, 15% 41–50 years). Of these, 36 people (67%) participated in the subsequent round. Very few had heard the term 'preconception health', understood what it means, or why and for whom it is important. They recommended avoiding unfamiliar terms without further explanation (e.g., preconception health, medical terms), using language that is positive, encouraging and gender‐sensitive where possible, and using messages that are specific, nonjudgmental and realistic. The phrases 'health and well‐being during the childbearing years', 'health and well‐being before pregnancy and parenthood' and 'planning for parenthood' resonated with most public contributors. School‐based education, social media campaigns and the National Health Service emerged as priority approaches/settings for raising awareness. Conclusion: This public consultation produced recommendations from a diverse group of people of reproductive age in the United Kingdom to improve language and prioritise approaches that increase public understanding of preconception health in ways that are relevant and appropriate to them. This should begin in schools and will require adaptation of curricula, alongside co‐development of public awareness campaigns and guidance for healthcare professionals. Patient or Public Contribution: This public consultation included a diverse group of members of the public. They were not involved in the original design of the project, but following the initial round of online group discussions, they contributed to the interpretation and refinement of the emerging concepts in a subsequent round of group meetings. After the consultation activity, public contributors formed a Public Advisory Group and have subsequently been involved in other studies on the same topic. Two public contributors (E.R. and F.F.) provided critical input in the preparation and revision of this manuscript and are co‐authors of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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78. Dazed and Confused
- Published
- 2009
79. Biased health perceptions and risky health behaviors: Theory and evidence
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Lorenz Goette, Davide Dragone, Nicolas R. Ziebarth, Patrick Arni, Arni, Patrick, Dragone, Davide, Goette, Lorenz, and Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
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obesity ,Unhealthy behavior ,SF12 ,Health Behavior ,Health Risk Behaviors ,C93 ,Margin (machine learning) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,health bias ,Relevance (law) ,050207 economics ,Empirical evidence ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,I12 ,05 social sciences ,Health bias Health perceptions Subjective beliefs Overconfidence Overoptimism Risky behavior Smoking Obesity Exercising SF12 SAH BASE-II SOEP-IP ,ECON CEPS Health ,D83 ,Quaderni - Working Paper DSE ,SAH ,underconfidence ,D03 ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,SECS-P/02 Politica economica ,Alcohol Drinking ,Risky behaviour ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,exercising ,smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perception ,0502 economics and business ,health perceptions ,ddc:330 ,Humans ,ECON Applied Economics ,overconfidence ,education ,Exercise ,Drink alcohol ,Health bias ,subjective beliefs ,overoptimism ,risky behavior ,BASE-II ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,SOEP-IP ,Overconfidence effect - Abstract
This paper investigates the role of biased health perceptions as a potential driving force of risky health behaviors. We define absolute and relative health perception biases, illustrate their measurement in surveys and provide evidence on their relevance. Next, we decompose the theoretical effect into its extensive and intensive margin: When the extensive margin dominates, people (wrongly) believe they are healthy enough to "afford" unhealthy behavior. Finally, using three population surveys, we provide robust empirical evidence that respondents who overestimate their health are less likely to exercise and sleep enough, but more likely to eat unhealthily and drink alcohol daily.
- Published
- 2020
80. Do individual liquor permit systems help Indigenous communities to manage alcohol?
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Peter d'Abbs and Ian Crundall
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Canada ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,Anecdotal report ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Indigenous ,Indigenous communities ,Harm Reduction ,International literature ,Northern Territory ,Humans ,Community development ,Enforcement ,Indigenous Peoples ,Environmental planning ,Consumption (economics) ,Original Paper ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Commerce ,food and beverages ,equipment and supplies ,Indigenous population ,Original Papers ,Purchasing ,Product (business) ,community development ,liquor permits ,Business ,Alcohol-Related Disorders - Abstract
Introduction and Aims Liquor permits were once used throughout Scandinavia and North America for managing alcohol, but largely disappeared in the late 20th century. Today, they are used in some Indigenous communities in Nunavut, Canada and the Northern Territory, Australia. This paper examines the extent to which liquor permits: (i) contribute to reducing alcohol‐related harms in Indigenous communities; and (ii) offer a viable mechanism for managing alcohol in Indigenous communities. Design and Methods The study draws on published and unpublished international literature on liquor permit systems in Indigenous communities, and on field visits to northern territory (NT) communities. Results Apart from one anecdotal report, the study found no evidence that liquor permit systems in Nunavut communities have reduced alcohol‐related problems. In the NT, they have reduced alcohol‐related harms in some communities. However, management of liquor permit systems generates significant administrative demands in communities. Discussion and Conclusions Effectiveness of liquor permit systems is a product of five factors: permits themselves; agencies and procedures for issuing and managing permits; agencies and procedures for supplying liquor; enforcement of permit conditions, and the presence of other agencies—legal and illegal—affecting supply and consumption of liquor. Liquor permits continue to be valued by some Indigenous communities for managing alcohol. This study suggests that they can do so provided: (i) agencies administering permits have adequate support; (ii) controls over non‐legal purchasing and consumption of liquor are effective, and (iii) the permit system is viewed in the community as legitimate, equitable and transparent.
- Published
- 2019
81. Pregnancy as a transition: First‐time expectant couples′ experience with alcohol consumption
- Author
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Sophie Inglin, Yvonne Meyer, Raphaël Hammer, Céline Schnegg, Stéphanie Pfister Boulenaz, and Solène Gouilhers
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Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,media_common.quotation_subject ,qualitative study ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Developmental psychology ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Patient-Centered Care ,Health care ,medicine ,Social Norms ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Spouses ,media_common ,Precautionary principle ,couples ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,alcohol ,Transition (fiction) ,transition ,Abstinence ,medicine.disease ,Original Papers ,Alcohol consumption during pregnancy ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,Switzerland ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Introduction and Aims Most official healthcare guidelines apply the precautionary principle by recommending that pregnant women abstain from any alcohol consumption. However, a number of women continue drinking alcohol while pregnant. The aim of this study was to investigate couples′ experiences of the issue of alcohol consumption during pregnancy as a transitional process. Design and Methods Thirty semi‐directive joint interviews were conducted with couples expecting their first child in Switzerland. Interviews were analysed thematically with the help of ATLAS.ti. Results Couples endorsed the imperative of changing drinking habits and all the women reduced their alcohol consumption, although some reported difficulties. First, we identified three themes describing how couples experienced the woman′s change of drinking habits as a smooth transition: Internalisation of risk discourses, abstinence as a social norm and embodiment of alcohol aversion. Second, we emphasised four kinds of difficulties that couples encountered in their everyday lives: burden of risk discourses, conflicting advice, social occasions and desire for alcohol. Discussion and Conclusions This paper makes a significant contribution by examining prenatal drinking change as a transition. In this conceptualisation, the change of alcohol consumption is a relational process that is shaped by multiple changes and social norms. Our findings have important implications for practice. First, health professionals should be aware of the difficulties women experience when they abstain from alcohol during pregnancy. Second, our findings suggest the importance of a patient‐centred approach that considers the role of the partner in supporting a pregnant woman′s change of alcohol consumption.
- Published
- 2019
82. The impact of selected modifiable lifestyle factors on male fertility in the modern world
- Author
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Krzysztof Balawender and Stanisław Orkisz
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Infertility ,Pregnancy ,Review Paper ,obesity ,mobile phone ,business.industry ,Female infertility ,cigarette smoking ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vitality ,Obesity ,Sperm ,alcohol drinking ,Male infertility ,Weight loss ,Environmental health ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,infertility - Abstract
Introduction The modern man during his reproductive period is exposed to the negative influence of widespread lifestyle-related habits. The available studies show a significant decline in the quality of young men's sperm, which results in male and female infertility factors being given equal consideration. The progressive decline of sperm quality has lowered the spermiogram parameters proposed by the World Health Organization. Material and methods We performed a review of the literature on the most common unhealthy habits in the modern world, such as obesity, mobile phone usage, smoking and alcohol intake, and their reported effects on male fertility. Several papers including original, review and meta-analysis were searched using the ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. Results All the factors under analysis contribute to a significant deterioration of sperm quality, mainly through decreased sperm concentration, vitality, motility and morphology. Conclusions Lifestyle-related factors are a significant cause of male infertility in the world today. Studies have shown that sperm quality is essentially determined by: obesity, nicotine addiction, heavy exposure to electromagnetic compatibility radiation-emitting devices and alcohol consumption. Weight loss and cessation or limitation of unhealthy lifestyle-related factors might represent the best course of action for any couple trying to achieve pregnancy.
- Published
- 2020
83. Severe harm from others' drinking: A population‐based study on sex differences and the role of one's own drinking habits
- Author
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Mats Ramstedt, Erica Sundin, Maria Rosaria Galanti, and Jonas Landberg
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Male ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,education ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,severity ,Logistic regression ,Habits ,Sex Factors ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,sex ,Humans ,Lack of knowledge ,Drinking behaviour ,Original Paper ,harm to others ,Sex Characteristics ,business.industry ,alcohol ,Alcohol dependence ,Odds ratio ,interactions ,Original Papers ,Population based study ,Harm ,Drinking habits ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,business - Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Despite the fact that many studies have focused on harm from others' drinking, there is a lack of knowledge regarding severe forms of these harms. This study aimed to assess sex differences in the prevalence of severe harm from others' drinking and sex-specific associations with one's own drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data originated from a Swedish cross-sectional population survey (n = 15 576). Adjusted odds ratios of self-reported experiences of severe harm (harmed 'a lot') from others' drinking were calculated using logistic regression models. Additive interactions were used to determine sex-specific associations between own drinking and harm. RESULTS: The past-year prevalence of severe harm from known and unknown drinkers was higher among women (4.9% and 1.8%, respectively) than men (1.9% and 1.2%, respectively). Alcohol dependence predicted such harm for both sexes. No association with severe harm from known drinkers was found for male drinkers and binge drinkers, whereas female drinkers and binge drinkers reported more experiences of such harm. These differences indicated a supper-additive interaction (RERI: 0.92-1.47) and signs of having alcohol dependence among women indicated an even higher interaction (RERI: 5.37). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Women suffer more frequently from severe harm from others' drinking. Men and women report different experiences of severe harm from known people's drinking conditioning on their drinking behaviour. Sex-specific longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the relation between different behaviours and these harms. Whether these findings hold in settings with different drinking cultures and social norms should be explored.
- Published
- 2020
84. Public acceptability of public health policy to improve population health: A population‐based survey
- Author
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Lisa C. G. Di Lemma, Karen Hughes, Catherine Sharp, Kat Ford, and Mark A Bellis
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,physical activity ,Binge drinking ,Poison control ,Population health ,Public opinion ,Suicide prevention ,smoking ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,national survey ,0302 clinical medicine ,well-being ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,public acceptance ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Population Health ,alcohol ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,030503 health policy & services ,Public health ,public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Original Research Paper ,general health ,well‐being ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Public Opinion ,diet ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business ,Original Research Papers ,policy - Abstract
Background: For public health policies to be effective, it is critical that they are acceptable to the public as acceptance levels impact success rate. Objective: To explore public acceptance of public health statements and examine differences in acceptability across socio-demographics, health behaviours (physical activity, diet, binge drinking and smoking), health status and well-being. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample (N = 1001) using a random stratified sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at homes of residents in Wales aged 16+ years. Individuals reported whether they agreed, had no opinion, or disagreed with 12 public health statements. Results: More than half of the sample were supportive of 10 out of 12 statements. The three statements with the greatest support (>80% agreement) reflected the importance of: a safe and loving childhood to becoming a healthy adult, schools teaching about health, and healthier foods costing less. Individuals who engaged in unhealthy behaviours were less likely to agree with some of the statements (eg 39.8% of binge drinkers agreed alcohol adverts should be banned compared to 57.6% of those who never binge drink; P < .001). Conclusions: Findings show an appetite for public health policies among the majority of the public. The relationship between supporting policies and engaging in healthy behaviours suggests a feedback loop that is potentially capable of shifting both public opinion and the opportunities for policy intervention. If a nation becomes healthier, this could illicit greater support for stronger policies which could encourage more people to move in a healthier direction.
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- 2020
85. Beyond ‘drinking occasions’: Examining complex changes in drinking practices during COVID-19
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Sarah Callinan, Robin Room, Gabriel Caluzzi, Anne-Marie Laslett, Amy Pennay, and Robyn Dwyer
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Adult ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Health Behavior ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Terminology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID‐19 ,Humans ,drinking occasions ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Meaning (existential) ,Uncategorized ,Original Paper ,alcohol ,Qualitative interviews ,Social change ,Australia ,COVID-19 ,Feeding Behavior ,Original Papers ,Work (electrical) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Alcohol consumption - Abstract
Introduction ‘Drinking occasions’ are commonly used to capture quantities of alcohol consumed. Yet this standardised terminology brings with it numerous assumptions and epistemological limitations. We suggest that social changes brought on by COVID‐19 restrictions have influenced routines, patterns of time use and drinking practices, highlighting the need to re‐examine how we conceptualise drinking and ‘drinking occasions’ in alcohol research. Methods This analysis draws on data gathered from 59 qualitative interviews conducted during the second half of 2020 with Australian drinkers aged 18 and over. The interviews explored how COVID‐19 restrictions impacted daily practices and alcohol consumption patterns. Findings Participants spoke about their work, study and social routines changing, which influenced the times, timing and contexts of their drinking practices. We separated these shifts into four overarching themes: shifting of structures shaping drinking; the permeability of drinking boundaries; the extension of drinking occasions; and new contexts for drinking. Discussion and Conclusion COVID‐19 restrictions have led to shifts in the temporal boundaries and contexts that would otherwise shape people's drinking, meaning drinking practices may be less bound by structures, norms, settings and rituals. The drinking occasions concept, although a simple tool for measuring how much people drink, has not been able to capture these complex developments. This is a timely consideration given that COVID‐19 may have enduring effects on people's lifestyles, work and drinking practices. It may be useful to examine drinking as practice, rather than just an occasion, in order to better contextualise epidemiological studies going forward.
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- 2022
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86. How did a lower drink‐drive limit affect bar trade and drinking practices? A qualitative study of how alcohol retailers experienced a change in policy
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James Lewsey, Niamh Fitzgerald, Andrea R.M. Mohan, Jennifer McKell, Colin Sumpter, and Carol Emslie
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drink‐driving ,Health (social science) ,Alcohol Drinking ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Affect (psychology) ,alcohol retail environment ,BAC limit ,Manufacturing ,Humans ,Economic impact analysis ,Driving Under the Influence ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Legislature ,Original Papers ,Policy ,Scotland ,Work (electrical) ,Blood Alcohol Content ,alcohol policy ,Demographic economics ,Thematic analysis ,Rural area ,business ,low alcohol alternatives ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Introduction and Aims: \ud Reducing the legal drink‐drive limit from 0.08% to 0.05% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) can reduce road traffic accidents and deaths if properly enforced. Reduced limits may be opposed by alcohol retail and manufacturing industries on the basis of commercial impact. Our aim was to qualitatively explore how a reduction in the drink‐drive limit from 0.08% to 0.05% BAC in Scotland, was experienced by bar owners or managers, including any resultant changes in customer drinking or business practice. This is the first study of this type.\ud \ud Design and Methods: \ud Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 owners and managers of on‐trade premises in Scotland in 2018, approximately three years after the drink‐drive limit was reduced. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.\ud \ud Results: \ud Most participants reported no long‐term financial impact on their business, but a few, mainly from rural areas, reported some reduction in alcohol sales. Observed drinking changes included fewer people drinking after work or leaving premises earlier on weekdays. Adaptations to businesses included improving the range of no/low‐alcohol drinks and food offered. Changes such as these were seen as key to minimising economic impact.\ud \ud Discussion and Conclusions: \ud Opposition to legislative measures that impact on commercial interests is often strong and receives significant public attention. This study found that Scottish businesses that adapted to the drink‐drive limit change reported little long‐term economic impact. These findings are of international relevance as potential BAC limit reductions in several other jurisdictions remain the subject of debate, including regarding the impact on business.
- Published
- 2019
87. Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries
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Mehanović, Emina, Vigna-Taglianti, Federica, Faggiano, Fabrizio, Galanti, Maria Rosaria, Fabiani, Leila, and Scatigna, Maria
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Male ,Parents ,Permissiveness ,Mediation (statistics) ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Social Psychology ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Epidemiology ,030508 substance abuse ,Alcohol ,Adolescents ,Cigarette Smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cigarette smoking ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Permissive ,Child ,Mediators ,Illicit drug use ,Original Paper ,Illicit Drugs ,Gender ,Parental Permissiveness ,Parental permissiveness ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,Norm (social) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.
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- 2021
88. Combined healthy lifestyle score and risk of epigenetic aging: a discordant monozygotic twin study
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Liming Li, Tao Wu, Hexiang Peng, Jun Lv, Hua Wang, Min Yu, Canqing Yu, Shengfeng Wang, Zengchang Pang, Weihua Cao, Wenjing Gao, and Xianping Wu
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Male ,Aging ,Alcohol Drinking ,Physical activity ,Monozygotic twin ,Physiology ,Affect (psychology) ,epigenetic aging ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Risk Factors ,healthy lifestyle ,Vegetables ,Humans ,Medicine ,Epigenetics ,Moderate drinker ,Exercise ,Chinese ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Twins, Monozygotic ,DNA methylation age ,Cell Biology ,DNA Methylation ,Middle Aged ,Lifestyle factors ,Fruit ,DNA methylation ,Female ,twin ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
We investigated whether lifestyle influences epigenetic aging in 143 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for the combined healthy lifestyle score. Twins were scored for four lifestyle factors as unhealthy or healthy; non-smoker, moderate drinker, adequate fruit and vegetable intake, and sufficient physical activity. The combined healthy lifestyle score was calculated for each participant by summing the binary score for each factor. Individual and co-twin analyses were used to assess the relationship between single or combined lifestyle scores, along with DNA methylation age acceleration (AA) calculated using Horvath’s and Li’s epigenetic clocks, focusing on AA and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) measures. Compared with the twins that scored no or one healthy lifestyle point, those who scored four healthy lifestyle points had lower Li_IEAA with similar results observed in the co-twin analysis. No significant relationships were found in analyses based on Horvath’s clock, although the direction of correlations was consistent with that determined using Li’s clock. Smoking and drinking did not significantly affect DNA methylation AA; however, physical activity and intake of vegetables and fruits did, although the influence varied depending on the epigenetic clock. Our findings suggest that a healthy lifestyle may be an important way to delay aging and prevent age-related diseases.
- Published
- 2021
89. Phosphatidylethanol in Maternal or Neonatal Blood to Detect Alcohol Exposure during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
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Franceschetto, Lisa, Perilli, Matteo, Cinquetti, Alessandro, Giraudo, Chiara, Gardi, Mario, Cecchetto, Giovanni, and Viel, Guido
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LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,ALCOHOL ,BLOOD alcohol ,ALCOHOL drinking ,PREGNANCY ,PREGNANT women - Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy, even at low doses, may damage the fetus. Pregnant women tend to underreport their alcohol consumption generating the need for sensitive and specific biomarkers, among which PEth has emerged due to its high specificity and possibility to be measured in both maternal and neonatal blood. The aim of this study is to systematically review the latest 20 years of literature for depicting the state of the art, the limitations, and the prospects of PEth for estimating alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Materials and methods: A systematic search, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, of the latest 20 years of literature through "MeSH" and "free-text" protocols in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, with time limits 1 January 2002–1 March 2022, was performed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: PEth used for detecting alcohol consumption during pregnancy, quantified in blood through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and full texts in the English language. Opinion papers, editorials, and narrative reviews were excluded. Results: Sixteen (16) papers were included in the present review (0.81% of total retrieved records). All the included records were original articles, of which there were seven prospective cohort/longitudinal studies, six cross-sectional studies, two observational-descriptive studies, and one retrospective study. All studies assayed PEth in at least one biological matrix; seven (7) studies quantified PEth in maternal blood, seven studies in newborn blood, and only two studies in both maternal and neonatal blood. In several included papers, PEth proved more sensitive than self-reports for identifying pregnant women with an active alcohol intake with the diagnostic efficiency improving with the increase of the maternal alcohol intake. Conclusions: Further studies, performed on wider and well-stratified populations, are needed to drive any definitive conclusion. PEth is a promising marker for monitoring alcohol use in pregnancy; however, at the present time, its use is still limited mainly by the absence of a globally agreed interpretative cut-off, the paucity of data regarding its specificity/sensitivity, and the lack of standardization on the diagnostic efficiency of the different isoforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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90. The effectiveness of alcohol label information for increasing knowledge and awareness: a rapid evidence review.
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Edmunds, Charlotte E. R., Gold, Natalie, Burton, Robyn, Smolar, Maria, Walmsley, Matthew, Henn, Clive, Egan, Mark, Tran, Anh, Harper, Hugo, Dale, Max Kroner, Brown, Helen, Londakova, Kristina, Sheron, Nick, and Greaves, Felix
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ALCOHOL drinking ,ALCOHOL ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,LABEL design ,AWARENESS - Abstract
Background: Consumers have difficulty understanding alcoholic units and low risk drinking guidelines (LRDG). Labelling may improve comprehension. The aims of this rapid evidence review were to establish the effectiveness of on-bottle labelling for (i) improving comprehension of health risks; (ii) improving comprehension of unit and/or standard drink information and/or LRDG, and (iii) reducing self-reported intentions to drink/actual drinking. Methods: Electronic database searches were carried out (January 2008-November 2018 inclusive). Papers were included if they were: published in English; from an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country; an experimental/quasi-experimental design. Papers were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Ten papers were included. Most studies were moderate quality (n = 7). Results: Five themes emerged: comprehension of health risks; self-reported drinking intentions; comprehension of unit/standard drink information and/or LRDG; outcome expectancies; and label attention. Labelling can improve awareness, particularly of health harms, but is unlikely to change behaviour. Improved comprehension was greatest for labels with unit information and LRDG. Conclusions: Alcohol labelling can be effective in improving people's comprehension of the health risks involved in drinking alcohol enabling them to make informed consumption decisions, and perhaps thereby provide a route to changing behaviour. Thus, effective alcohol labelling is an intervention that can be added to the broader suite of policy options. That being said, the literature reviewed here suggests that the specific format of the label matters, so careful consideration must be given to the design and placement of labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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91. Towards a historical sociology of associations and dissociations between food, food events and alcoholic drinks: A reply to Warde et al.
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Inglis, David
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HISTORICAL sociology ,ALCOHOL drinking ,PEOPLE with alcoholism ,FOOD chemistry - Abstract
This commentary reflects on the strengths of the paper by Warde et al. entitled "Situated drinking: the association between eating and alcohol consumption in Great Britain". It suggests that practice-theoretical approaches towards studying contemporary connections between foods, food events and alcoholic drinks provides an excellent basis for overcoming the analytical limits of fields such as food studies, drinks studies, alcohol studies and related areas. This is especially so if Warde et al.'s quantitative methodology were to be yoked to two further sources of inspiration, namely Mary Douglas's structuralist analysis of food combinations within food events and Stephen Mennell's utilisation of the concepts and concerns of Norbert Elias to produce a systematic historical sociology of food. An extended inter-paradigmatic approach to the study of how alcoholic drinks relate to foods and eating practices emerges as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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92. Outcomes of Implementing in the Real World the Women's Health CoOp Intervention in Cape Town, South Africa
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Tracy Kline, Courtney Peasant Bonner, William A. Zule, Margaret W. Gichane, Jacqueline Wanjiku Ndirangu, Wendee M. Wechsberg, and Felicia A. Browne
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Social Psychology ,Anti-HIV Agents ,ART adherence ,HIV Infections ,Alcohol use disorder ,Hybrid design ,South Africa ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,Intervention (counseling) ,Environmental health ,Cape ,HIV intervention ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gender-focused ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hiv intervention ,medicine.disease ,Art adherence ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Implementation science ,Women's Health ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Women in South Africa living with HIV who use alcohol may not adhere to ART, affecting the country’s 90-90-90 targets. The Women’s Health CoOp (WHC), a woman-focused HIV intervention, has shown efficacy in numerous trials with key populations of women in South Africa who use alcohol and drugs. In a hybrid implementation effectiveness study, the WHC was implemented in usual care clinics by healthcare providers in a modified stepped-wedge design. We present the outcomes of alcohol use and ART adherence with 480 women, with a 95% 6-month follow-up rate across 4 implementation cycles. Compared with the first cycle, women in the fourth cycle were significantly less likely (OR = 0.10 [95% CI 0.04, 0.24]) to report alcohol use disorder risk and were 4 times more likely (OR = 4.16 [95% CI 1.05, 16.51]) to report ART adherence at 6-month follow-up. Overall, acceptability and satisfaction were extremely high. The WHC intervention was successful in reaching key populations of women to reduce alcohol use and increase ART adherence, which is essential for South Africa to reach the 90-90-90 goals.
- Published
- 2021
93. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Young Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Anjanie Khimraj, Nora Katabi, Charles A Ghossein, Snjezana Dogan, Bin Xu, Wadad S Mneimneh, Bayan Alzumaili, Shenon Sethi, and Ian Ganly
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Gastroenterology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tumor budding ,Fanconi anemia ,Tongue ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Stromal tumor ,Original Paper ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Retrospective cohort study ,Non-Smokers ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Primary tumor ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fanconi Anemia ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Oral and maxillofacial surgery ,Female ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occasionally occurs in young patients and is likely to be distinct from OSCC in older patients. In this retrospective study, we described the clinicopathologic features and outcome of 150 OSCCs that were diagnosed in patients 40-year-old or younger. Most patients (63%) were non-smokers. The most common site of the primary tumor was oral tongue (n = 131, 87%), followed by gingiva (n = 9), buccal mucosa (n = 8) and lip (n = 2). The median patients' age at presentation was 34 (range: 16–40). Seven patients (5%) had Fanconi anemia with the gingiva being the most common location (4/7, 57%). All OSCCs were of keratinizing type. All cases tested for high-risk HPV (n = 34) were negative. On univariate analysis, high tumor budding was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), pattern of invasion correlated with OS and tumors with high stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) were associated with improved locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS). Compared with patients 31 to 40-year-old, OSCC in the younger group was associated with significant less alcohol consumption (p = 0.011) and decreased DSS (p = 0.003) and DMFS (p = 0.023). On multivariate analysis, younger age (30 years or younger) was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS and DSS, whereas histologic grade was an independent prognostic factor for DSS. In summary, most OSCC in young patients occurred in non-smokers and did not occur in association with Fanconi anemia. Independent prognostic factors included age at presentation (30 years or younger) for OS and DSS, and histologic grade for DSS.
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- 2021
94. Associations Between Patterns of Alcohol Use and Viral Load Suppression Amongst Women Living with HIV in South Africa
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F Abdullah, Dan J. Stein, Crick Lund, John A. Joska, Bronwyn Myers, Katherine Sorsdahl, P Petersen Williams, Carl Lombard, and Tracey Naledi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Alcohol Drinking ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Alcohol ,HIV Infections ,030312 virology ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Viral load suppression ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,Women ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Viral suppression ,Mediators ,0303 health sciences ,Original Paper ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,Baseline data ,Viral Load ,Art adherence ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,Viral load - Abstract
This study aimed to identify alcohol use patterns associated with viral non-suppression among women living with HIV (WLWH) and the extent to which adherence mediated these relationships. Baseline data on covariates, alcohol consumption, ART adherence, and viral load were collected from 608 WLWH on ART living in the Western Cape, South Africa. We defined three consumption patterns: no/light drinking (drinking ≤ 1/week and ≤ 4 drinks/occasion), occasional heavy episodic drinking (HED) (drinking > 1 and ≤ 2/week and ≥ 5 drinks/occasion) and frequent HED (drinking ≥ 3 times/week and ≥ 5 drinks/occasion). In multivariable analyses, occasional HED (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.78–5.30) and frequent HED (OR 7.11, 95% CI 4.24–11.92) were associated with suboptimal adherence. Frequent HED was associated with viral non-suppression (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30–3.28). Suboptimal adherence partially mediated the relationship between frequent HED and viral non-suppression. Findings suggest a direct relationship between frequency of HED and viral suppression. Given the mediating effects of adherence on this relationship, alcohol interventions should be tailored to frequency of HED while also addressing adherence.
- Published
- 2021
95. Online alcohol delivery is associated with heavier drinking during the first New Zealand COVID ‐19 pandemic restrictions
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Taisia Huckle, Karl Parker, Jose S. Romeo, and Sally Casswell
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Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Public Policy ,Alcohol ,Sample (statistics) ,Odds ,Health(social science) ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Advertising ,COVID‐19 ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,heavier drinking ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Supermarkets ,Public health policy ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Internet ,Original Paper ,Descriptive statistics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,alcohol ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Commerce ,COVID-19 ,online alcohol delivery ,Middle Aged ,Original Papers ,Purchasing ,Logistic Models ,chemistry ,Communicable Disease Control ,Linear Models ,Female ,Business ,New Zealand - Abstract
Introduction This paper aimed to assess purchasing and drinking behaviour during the first COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions in New Zealand. Method A convenience sample was collected via Facebook from 2173 New Zealanders 18+ years during pandemic restrictions April/May 2020. Measures included: the quantity typically consumed during a drinking occasion and heavier drinking (6+ drinks on a typical occasion) in the past week; place of purchase including online alcohol delivery. Descriptive statistics were generated, logistic and linear regression models predicted heavier drinking and typical occasion quantity, respectively. Weighting was not applied. Results During pandemic restrictions, around 75% of respondents purchased from supermarkets, 40% used online alcohol delivery services (18% for the first time during COVID‐19). Purchasing online alcohol delivery during pandemic restrictions was associated with heavier drinking (75% higher odds) in the past week, while purchasing from supermarkets was not. About 58% of online purchasers under 25 reported no age checks. Sixteen percent of those purchasing online repeat ordered online to keep drinking after running out. Of respondents who had tried to buy alcohol and food online, 56% reported that alcohol was easier to get delivered than fresh food. Advertising for online alcohol delivery was seen by around 75% of the sample. Half of the sample reported drinking more alcohol during the restrictions. Discussion and Conclusions Online alcohol delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions was associated with heavier drinking in the past week. The rapid expansion of online alcohol delivery coupled with a lack of regulatory control requires public health policy attention.
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- 2020
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96. A summary of some of the recently published seminal papers in neuroscience.
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Sridhar, K., Turel, Mazda, Mukherjee, Kanchan Kumar, Tripathi, Manjul, Singh, Vivek, Das, Kuntal Kanti, and Mehrotra, Anant
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ALCOHOL drinking ,CONFIDENTIAL communications ,DISINFECTION & disinfectants ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The article presents abstracts on medical topics including the research that disproves the claim that alcohol consumption reduces the risk of stroke, the issue of confidentiality between patient and caregiver, and the study that proves the effectiveness of chlorhexidine in disinfecting.
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- 2016
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97. Risky drinking of alcohol in Sweden: A randomized population survey comparing web- and paper-based self-reports.
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KÄLLMIÉN, HÅKAN, SINADINOVIC, KRISTINA, BERMAN, ANNE H., and WENNBERG, PETER
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DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,ALCOHOL drinking ,ALCOHOLISM ,RESPONSE rates - Abstract
AIMS-This study compared data quality and response rates for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a web-based versus in a paper-and-pencil format survey. SETTING -- Subjects were randomised to one of two parallel samples, one web-based and the other paper-based. Data were collected during 2009. RESULTS -- The web-based format yielded a lower response rate compared to the paper version (26.2% vs. 53.674. internal consistency was quite similar (0.82 vs. 0.77), while the mean AUDIT scores were higher in the web-based format for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS -- Future studies should focus on methods for combining different administration methods in order to maximize response rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
98. The effect of alcohol tax changes on retail prices: how do on-trade alcohol retailers pass through tax changes to consumers?
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Luke Wilson, Alan Brennan, Robert Pryce, Rosemary Hiscock, Duncan Gillespie, and Colin Angus
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Alcohol Drinking ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Population ,Distribution (economics) ,Alcohol excise duty ,On-trade alcohol ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,Revenue ,030212 general & internal medicine ,050207 economics ,Sales tax ,education ,health care economics and organizations ,Marketing ,Original Paper ,education.field_of_study ,Quantile analysis ,I18 ,Public economics ,Tax pass-through ,business.industry ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Health Policy ,Alcohol tax policy ,I13 ,05 social sciences ,Commerce ,food and beverages ,Taxes ,Quantile regression ,Market research ,England ,Business ,H22 ,Alcohol ,Panel data ,Public finance - Abstract
The effectiveness of alcohol duty increases relies on alcohol retailers passing the tax increase on to consumers. This study uses sales data from a market research company to investigate tax pass-through over 11 years for on-premise retailers in England and whether this varies across the price distribution, for different beverage categories and outlet types. Panel data quantile regression analysis is used to estimate the impact of 12 excise duty changes and 3 sales tax changes between 2007 and 2017 on prices. We use product-level quarterly panel data from for 777 alcoholic products. We undertake the regression at all outlets level separating products are analysed in seven broad beverage categories (Beer, Cider, RTDs, Spirits, Wine, Sparkling Wine, and Fortified Wine). We further test sensitivity by disaggregating outlets into seven outlet types. For all seven broad beverage categories, we find that there exists significant differences in tax pass-through across the price distribution. Retailers appear to “undershift” cheaper beverages (prices rise by less than the tax increase) and subsidise this loss in revenue with an “overshift” in the relatively more expensive products. Future modelling of tax change impacts on population subgroups could incorporate this evidence, and this is important because different socio-economic and drinker groups purchase alcohol at different points on the price distribution and hence are affected differently by tax changes. Governments could also potentially incorporate this evidence into future impact assessments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10198-020-01261-1.
- Published
- 2021
99. A Rapid Systematic Review of Worldwide Alcohol Use Disorders and Brief Alcohol Interventions in the Criminal Justice System.
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Newbury-Birch, Dorothy, Ferguson, Jennifer, Connor, Natalie, Divers, Andrew, and Waller, Gillian
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ALCOHOLISM ,CRIMINAL justice system ,ALCOHOL drinking ,PRISON system ,CRIMINAL evidence - Abstract
Although the relationship is complex, there is an association between alcohol use and offending behavior with an interplay between the amount drank, the pattern of drinking and individual and contextual factors. Alcohol brief interventions have been shown to be effective in primary healthcare, however there is currently a lack of compelling evidence in the criminal justice system. We carried out a rapid systematic review of the literature, which updated our review conducted in 2016. Following systematic searches, we included 36 papers on prevalence and 13 papers on effectiveness. Between 26 and 88%of individuals in the policy custody setting scored positive for an alcohol use disorder. In the magistrates court this was 95%; 31-86% in the probation setting and between 19 and 86%in the prison system. In relation to probable dependence, between 21 and 38% of individuals were shown to have probable alcohol dependence in the police custody suite setting; 39 per cent in the magistrate court system; 17-36%in the probation setting and between 18 and 48% in the prison system. This compares to 6% in the general population. We included 13 studies of effectiveness with differing outcome measures and outcomes. We conclude more studies are needed in the field to develop the current evidence base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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100. Public mental health under the long-term influence of COVID-19 in China: Geographical and temporal distribution
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Ling Qi, Yongjie Zhou, Jiezhi Yang, Zezhi Li, Yali Ren, Lingyun Zeng, Wei Qian, Ruoxi Wang, Xiuli Song, Zhengkui Liu, and Xiang Yang Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,Cross-sectional study ,Anxiety ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Insomnia ,Somatoform Disorders ,Suicidal ideation ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,Resilience, Psychological ,Temporal distribution ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,General public ,Female ,Mental health ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Research Paper ,Adult ,China ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Suicidal Ideation ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Aged ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Snowball sampling ,business ,Geographical distribution ,Somatization ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Highlights • Incidence of mental disorders is relatively low under the long-term of COVID-19. • The real-time news trends affect the psychological state of the public. • Public's poor mental state will be alleviated while controlling the pandemic., Background The mental health status caused by major epidemics is serious and lasting. At present, there are few studies about the lasting mental health effects of COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health of the Chinese public during the long-term COVID-19 outbreak. Methods A total of 1172 online questionnaires were collected, covering demographical information and 8 common psychological states: depression, anxiety, somatization, stress, psychological resilience, suicidal ideation and behavior, insomnia, and stress disorder. In addition, the geographical and temporal distributions of different mental states were plotted. Results Overall, 30.1% of smokers increased smoking, while 11.3% of drinkers increased alcohol consumption. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, mental health problems, high risk of suicidal and behavior, clinical insomnia, clinical post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, moderate-to-high levels of perceived stress were 18.8%, 13.3%, 7.6%, 2.8%, 7.2%, 7.0%, and 67.9%, respectively. Further, the geographical distribution showed that the mental status in some provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities was relatively more serious. The temporal distribution showed that the psychological state of the participants was relatively poorer on February 20, 24 to 26 and March 25, especially on March 25. Limitations This cross-sectional design cannot make causal inferences. The snowball sampling was not representative enough. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the prevalence rate of mental disorders in the Chinese public is relatively low in the second month of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, people's mental state is affected by the geographical and temporal distributions.
- Published
- 2020
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