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This paper is a study of the LIS journals published by Emerald group of publications which originated online in the 21st century upto the year 2015. Five such journals include Journal of Enterprise Information Management (JEIM), Journal of Intellectual Capital(JIC), Online Information Review (OIR), Performance Measurement and Metrics (PMM) and Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society (JICES). Highest publication is by OIR and 2009 produced most articles followed by 2008. Research paper tops the list in all the five journals. Single authored papers are predominant followed by two authored papers. Authors from UK contribute maximum numbers of papers and most papers have been contributed from Brunel University, UK followed by University of Hawaii, USA. Authors repeat contributions to the same journal. No author among the top-ranking authors is found to be writing for any other journal among the five journals except Bar-Ilan J. In 2005 most citations are received in the three journals except OIR and JICES where articles published in 2009 received most citations. A six-authored paper in JEIM received most citations followed by a single authored paper in the JIC. The average article length mostly ranges from 16-20 pages in all the three journals except PMM and JICES where it ranges from 11-15 pages. 59 unique keywords appear in the journals and eight keywords are repetitive. Contributions by Indians are negligible. The journals are found to have varied aims and scope and accept articles of varied interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The library profession is in a period of change. Moving from conventional library practices and services to the modern technology and tools based sources and services, created changes in the roles they play. To provide more and more innovative services and to cope with the changing scenario of the library and its services has forced library professionals to equip themselves with better skills for their survival. This paper discussed three requisite skills, for librarian to function in the 21st century, in marketing of library services and resources for optimal utilization. And these are categorized as Professional, Technical, & Personal skills. The paper discusses marketing library services and resources as a concept, benefits of marketing, such as boosting the level of Library's patronage by users, promotion of resources; user awareness, improving the library's reputation were mentioned. Strategies for marketing which include making a library website, emailing users, setting up exhibits and displays of new arrivals, using flyers and posters, planning user education, offering electronic access to information, and planning library week were also explained. Challenges in marketing library services and resources in academic libraries in Nigeria include; lack of fund, Ineffective marketing strategies, lack of marketing policies, shortage of experienced staffing, and infrastructure limitations. Starting with an introduction to library marketing and related literature, the paper draws its conclusion and recommendations were made such as professional development for librarians involved in library marketing, librarians upgrading their technical skills, librarians should enhance their ability to trouble shoot new technology, keep abreast with new technology among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recial is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Literacy and library are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. Society draw literacy skills from the libraries the same way an individual draws from his memory to meet his immediate information needs. Examined in this paper is the relevance of literacy library to the functional literacy need of the 21st Century adult learners. Literacy library is conceptualised as a special library provision targeted at adult members of the society who have enrolled or willing to enrol in a learning programme. Key features of Literacy library are outlined, followed by brief description of specific materials relevant to the 21st century learning engagement of adult. Few studies on public library have focused on addressing problems facing adult learners in accessing library services. This paper recognised the fundamental role Literacy libraries can play in confronting the exclusion of adult learners in library provision and also provided useful insights to the peculiar nature of their literacy needs in their given context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Security Strategies Journal / Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi is the property of Strategic Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Paper seeks to review the articles published in the Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (JIPR) in the first half of the first decade of the twenty-first century from Volume 5 (1) (2000) to Volume 9 (6) (2004). During this period, a total of seven post-independent IP legislations were enacted in the country. This Paper reviews the articles published in JIPR yearwise. Paper attempts to identify: (i) total number of issues published; (ii) total number of articles published; (iii) total number of contributions made by the Indian and foreign scholars; (iv) total number of sole and joint publications; (v) publishing style of JIPR; and (vi) area of IP covered in each volume. Dissemination of information is a necessary condition for creation of new knowledge. JIPR through an open-access platform has provided an opportunity to the IP scholars to publish their writings addressing the gaps in the areas of IP. In the end, Paper develops an argument that JIPR has significantly contributed in the development of IP by disseminating IP information and knowledge and also in creating IP knowledge and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh's slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations' foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an overview of the achievements of historiography regarding education in the Republic of Croatia in the 21st century. The paper represents an attempt of bringing all results achieved by Croatian historiography regarding the forementioned question. Due to the number of different kinds of publications, only the basic information are represented in the paper, i.e. information about authors, publication year, publishers, journals (for articles), number of pages i bibliography of the publication. Therefore, this paper is not about content analysis of the publications, so it does not pretend to be an analysis of the Croatian historiography achievements regarding the forementioned question in the specified period. The main aim of this paper was to present all publications regarding the question at one place. The author reserves a possibility that some publications, unintentionally, may have been omitted from this overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assist lecturers, universities, and their administrators in improving the relevance of political science undergraduate degree programs in the context of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. This paper will reflect on how to tailor the political science degree to achieve a sustainable career and improve students' employability in the future. The latest theoretical frameworks incorporating the concept of "sustainable" career development were used in advancing the model of employability in the political science field. The author relies on a qualitative approach and the literature review with implications for practice in advancing the notion that competency-based approaches with the development of specific skills are vital in ensuring relevance and sustaining career opportunities for modern political science students in the future. Educators should rethink how they deliver political science degrees, keeping in mind the emerging trends in technology, pedagogical approaches, and HR practices in the respective job markets. This paper offers insight into how to tailor an exciting political science program for the future of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is an essential area of activity in organizations. It harnesses valuable information resources for the benefit of patrons and success of 21st century academic libraries. Academic libraries have important role in updating its practices in knowledge management which increases enviable technological devices and sophiscated system of storage and retrieval. Thus the paper highlights the concept of knowledge management, knowledge application management, knowledge dissemination management, knowledge management skills for information professionals, importance of knowledge management in academic libraries and knowledge management tools. Thus the paper posits that academic libraries adopt knowledge innovation management, in order to deliver library services through innovative library technology to ensure they remain relevant in the 21st century. It was recommended among others that knowledge management practices should be inculcated into academic libraries in the provision of library services and information dissemination to patrons. Also, information professionals should constantly update their skills and competencies in order to be key players in knowledge management phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes a Systematic Literature Review of the tools for detecting and/or measuring Ethical Leadership in the business world published between 2000 and 2020. The review attempts to explore, analyze and synthesize the most recent evidence from the field with the aim to summarize and integrate knowledge regarding Ethical Leadership. Our goal is to build a documentation framework for further research and future design of a more concise and accurate tool covering all possible aspects of Ethical Leadership. We choose the Systematic Literature Review method because it is structured and minimizes subjectivity when selecting and analyzing data. Our work addresses researchers/scholars, postgraduate students, PhD candidates, and private and public sector officials who need scientific evidence to support decision-making and/or policy designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willing to challenge the classical tradition, Richlin (2005) adapted the Latin play Persa by Plautus to a contemporary context using American slang and pop culture. Richlin aims at making Roman comedy performable, popular and funny again whether onstage or in the classroom. Is her radical modernisation a form of domestication that is often criticized in translation studies for being unfaithful and unethical? Based upon a comparison between the original Latin text and Richlin’s version, this paper questions the ethics of faithfulness which play a major role in translation terminology, a system determined by the traditional polarity between domestication and foreignization. By highlighting the ludic nature of Plautus’ comedy (especially the ongoing joke with Greek culture and language), this paper argues that using modern transposition is a heavily Plautine strategy suitable for recovering the immediacy of comedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths are basically the folklores that beautifully narrate the culture, life, and customs followed by ancient people which are perceived in deities that are worshipped. India is well regarded for its diverse and rich culture across the world. Myth in Indian context reflects cultural and religious tales which one generation passed on to another and, as a result, there are several variants of Indian mythology. The contemporary Indian English novelist, Amish Tripathi recreated Indian mythology by mixing it with social fantasies and scientific facts. He adopted mythical characters related to Lord Shiva and other deities in his novels to depict an ideal society. Hence, this paper is aimed to analyse the recreation of myth in Indian context through Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy. It is the best-selling mythological fiction written by Amish Tripathi. This paper also argues that his treatment of mythology in his novels is more of a frame of modern issues of 21st century rather than just a historical retelling. This paper also concludes that Tripathi has turned mythology of India into a relevant scripture of 21st century by forming mythical stories after the significant events of 21st century in India and especially in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a field study of transhumant pastoralism which was carried out in June and July 2022 on the Zelengora, Volujak and Lebršnik mountains, on the Morine plateau, i.e. in the areas of the municipalities of Ljubinje, Nevesinje, Kalinovik and Gacko (Republic of Srpska-Bosnia and Herzegovina). The goal of the research was to determine the present state and development trends of transhumant pastoralism in the areas of eastern Herzegovina at the beginning of the 21st century. The paper gives an overview of the previous (ethnological) studies of transhumant pastoralism, and then presents the methodological procedures used in this research. The ethnographic section summarizes interviews with interviewees and field guides. The observed problems, both those that were talked about by the interviewees and those that were independently observed, were jointly expressed in the separate section as development trends that describe and at the same time shape the current state of transhumant pastoralism in the studied area. The problems in question are: the transformation of pastoralism into an individual economic strategy, and in some cases a form of personal leisure; changes in the directions and manner of livestock routes; the persistence of the basic production technology, along with the modernization of its individual elements; the weakening and dissolution of elements of the traditional cultural idiom; legal changes in property rights and the method of making compensations for rights of use; multiple consequences of war; increasingly pronounced neoliberal economic relations and withdrawal of the state; strengthening of personal motivation to engage in pastoralism; growing interest in zoological, ecological and climate topics. In almost all of the aforementioned trends, it is possible to recognize adaptation to the risks that come with changes in the environment, both natural and social. These are changes in the economy, demography, social relations, climate and ecology. The interviewees found ways to more or less successfully manage the mentioned risks.

Purpose: This paper examines the future of 21st century libraries against the backdrop that many libraries have moved or are in the process of moving from a traditional print-based collection to one where traditional hardcopy and electronic information resources co-exist and are brought together in an integrated information service, accessed via electronic gateways available both on site and remotely via the internet or local computer networks. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a reflective paper based on author's observation, experience and review of related literature. Findings: Hybrid libraries are the new norm in most public and academic libraries of this 21st century since they offer a combination of traditional and virtual provisions in collections stored in digital formats which are accessible via computers and bibliographic databases that index thousands of peer-reviewed scientific journals; many offer access to full text articles. This means bringing the two worlds of librarianship in one place. Research Limitations/Implications: The implication of this study is therefore that hybrid library should not, then, be seen as nothing more than an uneasy transitional phase between the conventional library and digital library but, rather, as a worthwhile model in its own right, which can be usefully developed and improved. Originality: The approach and prototype described in this paper provides an enhanced model hybrid library service as the main model for future existence, development as well as a direction of library in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data Literacy is a germane competence for anyone or institution desirous to scale the challenges of the 21st century and be globally recognized. Data literacy is the ability of individual to identify, work with, analyze and communicate data effectively. It is perceived that there is a poor data literacy competence in higher institutions in developing countries. Researchers in the 21st century, for example, ought to possess skills and competencies to communicate through affiliated institutional email addresses; be active on platforms such as Google scholar and research gate; and, possibly own personal websites to drive teaching and learning. This paper, through qualitative analysis of existing literature, attempts to examine the interplay between data literacy and higher education in the 21st century. Data Literacy is relevant not only to individuals but also to higher education. The phenomenon data literacy is relevant to institutions of higher learning because institutions of higher learning are acknowledged centers of human resources training for national and sustainable development. The paper will be of significance to governments, policy makers, and administrators of higher institution in particular. Furthermore, the paper will be of benefit to scholars as data literacy continues to shape frontiers of teaching and learning across the globe in the 21st century.

According to data obtained from Romania census we can observe a tendency of a continuous increase in the evolution of the ethnic structure of Roma ethnic population, but a comparison with the results of complementary studies raises question signs regarding a change of an identity nature. For this reason, the paper analyses identity elements specific to Roma communities in Romania, presented in specialty litterature (linguistic, social, economic, educational and judicial elements) and resulted from an investigation based on questionnaired and on an interview focused on groups. The results show the fact that the belonging to a tribe is a main characteristic of Roma population. The ability to speak Romani is low; in Romania there are cases of entire communities of a Roma people which lost their language. Nowadays we can observe a trial to revive the Romani language through inter-cultural programs and the promotion of books and dictionaries. The economic profile of persons of a Roma ethnicity is discouraging, characterized by small incomes, of social assistance or by the performance of poorly paid activities which cannot guarantee a secure income. In the affirmation of a Roma ethnic identity cultural traditions are the ones that come first. The construction process of an identity is now centered on a cultural affirmation, on the mobilization of resources from the community, by encouraging and forming intellectual and political elite. A reconsideration of the Roma ethnics in the structure of the contemporary Romanian society must necessarily begin as a redefining of an identity realized by these ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cracow Studies of Constitutional & Legal History / Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper “#EndSARS Protest: A Discourse on Impact of Digital Media on 21st Century Activism” examines the role of digital media in a new generation of activism with a critical assessment of the protest in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper expands on the meaning of social media activism, finds out ways digital media was deployed in mobilisation and management of the protest and also delves into how social media pose as challenge to activism within the context of series of anti-police brutality protests that took place in Nigeria. Specifically, the study looked at how, despite the failure of mainstream media in the country to give the movement prominence, technology (through social media) helped to encourage transnational activism and global solidarity with respect to #EndSARS. The paper relied on existing literature through the use of library research technique. It utilised the technological determinism theory – that served as its theoretical base or foundation. The paper found, among others, that digital media especially social media played significant roles in mobilisation and management of the protest. It also revealed that due to the power that digital platforms wield, authority may be tempted to introduce some form of regulations that may hinder their use. The paper concludes that, indeed, digital media have tremendous impact on 21st century activism in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper, among others, recommends that government must now realise the powers of communication and technology and therefore embark on constant communication with the people while also addressing pre-existing social ills in the country.

Copyright of Indiana (03418642) is the property of Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut, Preussischer Kulturbesitz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zimbabwe's interaction with the outside world has come of age since the attainment of independence in 1980. Throughout her existence Zimbabwe has exhibited a rather active role in her interaction with the outside world. This being driven by the desire to attain sustainable economic and political development. The Zimbabwe government has managed to pull through the domestic and international challenges and continued un till today trying to address these challenges. In order to survive in this rather hostile environment Zimbabwe has manipulated its international environment for the purpose of its survival by designing and implementing a rather successful foreign policy which has ensured that it remains afloat on development agenda on the background of harsh international environment largely emerging from failing structural adjustment programme, and sanctions imposed by the western countries and western controlled institutions. It is the purpose of this paper to analyse Zimbabwe's foreign policy in the 21st Century, illuminating on the key aspects of action, reaction and interaction with international actors as it seek to define its development agenda. Given the continued rule of Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front, the paper will give reflections on continuities and changes that are likely to occur beyond 2013 as Zimbabwe continues to steer its development agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper responds to the article by Daniel Hoornweg and Kevin Pope, on predictions for the world’s largest cities in the 21st century, in this issue of Environment and Urbanization. It recognizes the value and importance of this article in highlighting the very large likely scale of urban population growth up to 2100 and in initiating a discussion on what this might imply for the scale and distribution of the world’s largest cities. But it raises some concerns about the extent to which very large cities will grow in what are currently nations with very low per capita incomes. Mega-cities need to be underpinned by mega-economies. The world’s largest cities up to 2100 will mostly be those where private capital has chosen to invest, and much of this may not be in the cities identified in the Hoornweg and Pope article as likely to be the largest. The economic future, the development future (including whether the Sustainable Development Goals get met) and the ecological future (especially whether dangerous climate change is avoided) will so powerfully influence future city sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Building 21st century character skills is not easy. Industrial revolution 5.0. brought major changes to the industrial world, which then influenced the way of life, way of thinking, way of working, and so on. The goal is to cultivate knowledge, attitudes and sensitivity in the practice of life values needed to build superior national character skills in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative methods are grounded approach types, namely observation, literature study, and interviews: namely interviews with various stakeholders such as professors, lecturers, teachers, education experts, business people, experts, students, from July 8-11 2022, attended by 112 resource persons consisting of lecturers and students, and attended by 53 universities. Findings: The results of his research through four elements, namely; First, the character habituation of Pancasila values, religious values, and cultural values; Second, habituation of understanding the latest technology; Third, habituation of developing interpersonal skills; Fourth, Habituation of active participation. This is currently typical of Indonesia, superior character skills based on the 21st century revolution 5.0 as the vision and mission of Citizenship Education for the Republic of Indonesia in the future. Paper type: Research paper

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lua Nova is the property of CEDEC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indiana (03418642) is the property of Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut, Preussischer Kulturbesitz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I reviewed the emerging field of endoscopic surgery and present data supporting the contention that endoscopy can now be used to treat many foregut diseases that have been traditionally treated surgically. Within each topic, the content will progress as follows: "lessons learned", "technical considerations" and "future opportunities". Lessons learned will provide a brief background and update on the most current literature. Technical considerations will include my personal experience, including tips and tricks that I have learned over the years. Finally, future opportunities will address current unmet needs and potential new areas of development. The foregut is defined as "the upper part of the embryonic alimentary canal from which the pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, and part of the duodenum develop". Foregut surgery is well established in treating conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), achalasia, esophageal diverticula, Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, gastric-outlet obstruction, and obesity. Over the past decade, remarkable progress in interventional endoscopy has culminated in the conceptualization and practice of endoscopic foregut surgery for various clinical conditions summarized in this paper. Regarding GERD, there are now several technologies available to effectively treat it and potentially eliminate symptoms, and the need for long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors. For the first time, fundoplication can be performed without the need for open or laparoscopic surgery. Long-term data going out 5-10 years are now emerging showing extended durability. In respect to achalasia, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) which was developed in Japan, has become an alternative to the traditional Heller's myotomy. Recent meta-analysis show that POEM may have better results than Heller, but the issue of post-POEM GERD still needs to be addressed. There is now a resurgence of endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticula with improved technique (Z-POEM) and equipment; thus, patients are choosing flexible endoscopic treatment as opposed to open or rigid endoscopy options. In regard to BE, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) which is well established in Asia, is now becoming more mainstream in the West for the treatment of BE with high grade dysplasia, as well as early esophageal cancer. In combination with all the ablation technologies (radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, hybrid argon plasma coagulation), the entire spectrum of Barrett's and related dysplasia and early cancer can be managed predominantly by endoscopy. Importantly, in regard to early gastric cancer and submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the stomach, ESD and full thickness resection (FTR) can excise these lesions en-bloc and endoscopic suturing is now used to close large defects and perforations. For treatment of patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), endoscopic gastro-jejunostomy is now showing better results than enteral stenting. G-POEM is also emerging as a treatment option for patients with gastroparesis. Obesity has become an epidemic in many western countries and is becoming also prevalent in Asia. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is now becoming an established treatment option, especially for obese patients with body mass index between 30 and 35. Data show an average weight loss of 16 kg after ESG with long-term data confirming sustainability. Finally, in respect to endo-hepatology, there are many new endoscopic interventions that have been developed for patients with liver disease. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided liver biopsy and EUS-guided portal pressure measurement are exciting new frontiers for the endo-hepatologists.

Throughout history, researchers who examine the structure and function of the brain debate one another about how cortical areas are defined, as well as how these areas should be named. Different pieces of empirical evidence are used to define brain areas and it is important to preserve the accurate history of this evidence and the timeline of studies that lead to areal definitions that are either still used today or have been modified. As such, this paper traces the early history of a brain area located at the junction between the occipital and temporal lobes of the macaque known as TEO. This historical analysis leads to four main findings. First, even though Bonin and Bailey are credited with the definition of area TEO in 1947, they did not have the cytoarchitectonic evidence to support the distinction of TEO from adjacent areas. Second, the first evidence definitively separating area TEO from TE was actually based on connectivity as identified with strychnine neuronography by Petr et al. in 1949. Third, causal evidence from ablation studies conducted by Iwai and Mishkin (Experimental Neurology 25(4):585-594, 1969) supported this distinction by showing that TEO and TE were functionally distinct from one another. Fourth, researchers in the 1970s began referring to TEO as posterior inferotemporal (PIT) and TE as anterior inferotemporal (AIT), which is an important historical clarification as the PIT/AIT nomenclature is presently attributed to studies conducted more than a decade later. Altogether, this paper aims to preserve the historical origin of area TEO, as well as the empirical evidence that was used to originally differentiate this cortical expanse from surrounding areas.

This paper is about Czech women converting to Islam, about those, who were born and raised here. It is focusing on the motives of their conversion and on the subsequent changes of their lives. It is also about how their families, friends and entourage have coped with their conversion and how these women have felt about the change of their personal lives. Furthermore this paper is focusing on building of their new identities. The whole paper is built on qualitative research and is backed up with personal testimonies and life stories of nine informants. Their testimonies are compared to theories concerning conversion and compared with researches about Islam converts in different European countries or United States of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is an essay about possible ways of further development of the insolvency law. If the law is expected to meet global current social needs, then the law will be subject to significant changes, along with the changing world. The digital revolution is also ahead of the insolvency law. It is difficult to anticipate all possible directions of changes; however, there are some areas where remarkable amendments will have to take place. The paper starts with a short description of the development of the insolvency law over ages. It is an introduction to the problem of possible changes in axiological assumptions of the law on insolvency in the 21st Century. The insolvency law is going to be changed due to the technological revolution in the 21st Century. In this respect, there are mentioned the idea of prediction of insolvency and the problem of the debtor’s assets in the virtual world. Finally, the paper deals with the state debt restructuring under the conventions on external state debt.

Purpose – This study aims to determine differences in 21st-century abilities, including critical thinking, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills, in 4 schools in the Yogyakarta region. This research is a comparative survey with a research sample of 60 students. Design/methods/approach – The data collecting techniques used in interviews with questionnaires consist of 4 21st century abilities: critical thinking skills, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills. Findings – The survey results showed differences in 21st-century abilities between schools AR with RA, AR with TY, RA with TY, RA with RB, and TY with RB. The t-test, where the sig prove this.t value 0.05 in a row on critical thinking skills, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills 0.781; 0.702; 0.540; 0.624. The difference in ability is influenced by the learning method used. Research implications/limitations – All study respondents were from four schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which might limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications – This research guides stakeholders of an early childhood education institution to take strategic policies in the 21st century. Originality/value – This study contributes to the survey of differences in the abilities of early childhood in the 21st century in terms of different early childhood education institutions. Paper type Research paper

Este trabajo se centra en la obra de Romina Paula, en el modo en el que en su producción literaria, teatral y cinematográfica se compone una experiencia temporal a la vez intempestiva e íntima que difiere de la lógica 24/7 de hoy. Mi hipótesis, motivada por el doble interés de explorar, por un lado, cómo se cuenta el presente en la narrativa argentina contemporánea y, por otro, qué salidas ficcionales se proponen para sortear los imperativos aceleracioncitas, sostiene que la obra de Paula, concebida como un verdadero espacio de experimentación con el tiempo, ensaya una alternativa —una solución práctica y terapéutica—, haciendo que sus personajes huyan de su casa. Antes que celebrar que el mundo se haya vuelto menos parsimonioso y más cortoplacista, las adultas de Paula, necesitadas de una pausa, escapan de sus domicilios fijos en busca de algo de tiempo propio. This paper focuses on Romina Paula’s work, on how, within her literary, theatrical and cinematographic production, a temporal experience that is both untimely and intimate and that differs from the 24/7 logic is composed. My hypothesis, motivated by the double interest of exploring, on the one hand, how the present is being narrated in contem-porary Argentine narrative and, on the other, what fictional outlets are being proposed to circumvent the accelerationist imperatives, argues that Paula’s work, conceived as a true space of experimentation with time, rehearses an alternative -a practical and therapeutic solution- by making her characters run away from home. Rather than celebrating that the world has become less slow and enduring, Paula’s women, in need of a break, escape from their fixed abodes in search of some time of their own.

Copyright of Indiana (03418642) is the property of Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut, Preussischer Kulturbesitz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to make sense of the situation of Knowledge Management in the BRICS countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The question is important because we believe that in the current world economy the emergence of any country will be done first and foremost by using knowledge and by managing knowledge. Using an analogy from the Human Resources national studies we believe there are low, medium and high equilibria regarding the knowledge economy. We analyze the five BRICS according to the following methodology: 1 Context background; 2 Broad KM systems; 3 Institutional actors; 4 Political contexts; 5. KM systems at the national level; 6. Organizational KM; 7. Impact; and 8. Summary. We concluded that KM is a good investment for the BRICS, but it is still a very rare one. South Africa stands a cut above the other countries being benefited by the smaller dimension and the relations with the Western UK, and the USA led investments; also the fact that the regime change happened when the Knowledge economy was beginning, helped. China, Russia, India, and Brazil are four giants that will emerge stronger and faster the more and the better they will use KM. So as implications, we expect a bright future of KM in the 21st century, as bright as the BRICS future! The BRICS emergence will only be consolidated by KM. and KM will dominate the world with the BRICS emergence. The study is only the first step in what could be a major field of research, and that its limitation and suggestion for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]