1,053 results
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2. Iterates of Generic Polynomials and Generic Rational Functions
- Author
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Jamie Juul
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Degree (graph theory) ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL ,Galois group ,37P05, 11G50, 14G25 ,Rational function ,01 natural sciences ,Unpublished paper ,Generic polynomial ,Number theory ,Symmetric group ,Iterated function ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Number Theory (math.NT) ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In 1985, Odoni showed that in characteristic 0 0 the Galois group of the n n -th iterate of the generic polynomial with degree d d is as large as possible. That is, he showed that this Galois group is the n n -th wreath power of the symmetric group S d S_d . We generalize this result to positive characteristic, as well as to the generic rational function. These results can be applied to prove certain density results in number theory, two of which are presented here. This work was partially completed by the late R.W.K. Odoni in an unpublished paper.
- Published
- 2014
3. AN ALMOST SCHUR THEOREM ON 4-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS
- Author
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Guofang Wang, Yuxin Ge, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LAMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), and Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Short paper ,01 natural sciences ,Schur's theorem ,Computer Science::Computers and Society ,[MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph] ,Ricci-flat manifold ,0103 physical sciences ,Sectional curvature ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry ,Schur product theorem ,Mathematics ,Scalar curvature - Abstract
International audience; In this short paper we prove that the almost Schur theorem, introduced by De Lellis and Topping, is true on 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds of nonnegative scalar curvature and discuss some related problems on other dimensional manifolds.
- Published
- 2012
4. Non-negative Ricci curvature on closed manifolds under Ricci flow
- Author
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Davi Maximo
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Short paper ,Ricci flow ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics::Geometric Topology ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Differential Geometry (math.DG) ,Bounded curvature ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,010307 mathematical physics ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,0101 mathematics ,10. No inequality ,Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry ,Ricci curvature ,Mathematics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
In this short note we show that non-negative Ricci curvature is not preserved under Ricci flow for closed manifolds of dimensions four and above, strengthening a previous result of Knopf in \cite{K} for complete non-compact manifolds of bounded curvature. This brings down to four dimensions a similar result B\"ohm and Wilking have for dimensions twelve and above, \cite{BW}. Moreover, the manifolds constructed here are \Kahler manifolds and relate to a question raised by Xiuxiong Chen in \cite{XC}, \cite{XCL}., Comment: New version with added references and corrected typos
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. On one interpolating rational process of Fejer – Hermite
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010302 applied physics ,Approximation theory ,Polynomial ,Hermite polynomials ,Continuous function ,General Mathematics ,Uniform convergence ,010102 general mathematics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Rational function ,01 natural sciences ,Complex analysis ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,Interpolation - Abstract
In this paper, a new approach to the definition of the interpolating rational process of Fejer – Hermite with first-type Chebyshev – Markov nodes on a segment is studied and some of its approximating properties are described. In the introduction a brief analysis of the results on the topic of the research is carried out. Herein, the methods of the construction of interpolating processes, in particular, Fejer – Hermite processes, in the polynomial and rational approximation are analysed. A new method to determine the interpolating rational Fejer – Hermite process is proposed. One of the main results of this paper is the proof of the uniform convergence of this process for an arbitrary function, which is continuous on the segment, under some restrictions for the poles of approximating functions. This result is preceded by some auxiliary statements describing the properties of special rational functions. The classic methods of mathematical analysis, approximation theory, and theory of functions of a complex variable are used to prove the results of the work. Moreover, we present the numerical analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the constructed interpolating Fejer – Hermite process for the approximation of a continuous function with singularities. The choice of parameters, on which the nodes of interpolation depend, is made in several standard ways. The obtained results can be applied to further study the approximating properties of interpolating processes.
- Published
- 2020
6. A New Convexity-Based Inequality, Characterization of Probability Distributions, and Some Free-of-Distribution Tests
- Author
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Lev B. Klebanov and Irina V. Volchenkova
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Class (set theory) ,Generalization ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Probability (math.PR) ,010102 general mathematics ,Probabilistic logic ,01 natural sciences ,Convexity ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Interpretation (model theory) ,Character (mathematics) ,Distribution (mathematics) ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Probability distribution ,Applied mathematics ,60E10, 62E10 ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Probability ,Mathematics - Abstract
A goal of the paper is to prove new inequalities connecting some functionals of probability distribution functions. These inequalities are based on the strict convexity of functions used in the definition of the functionals. The starting point is the paper “Cramer–von Mises distance: probabilistic interpretation, confidence intervals and neighborhood of model validation” by Ludwig Baringhaus and Norbert Henze. The present paper provides a generalization of inequality obtained in probabilistic interpretation of the Cramer–von Mises distance. If the equality holds there, then a chance to give characterization of some probability distribution functions appears. Considering this fact and a special character of the functional, it is possible to create a class of free-of-distribution two sample tests.
- Published
- 2020
7. Tailoring a Pair of Pants: The Phase Tropical Version
- Author
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Ilia Zharkov
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Phase (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Isotopy ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Pair of pants ,Mathematics - Abstract
We show that the phase tropical pair-of-pants is (ambient) isotopic to the complex pair-of-pants. This paper can serve as an addendum to the author's joint paper with Ruddat arXiv:2001.08267 where an isotopy between complex and ober-tropical pairs-of-pants was shown. Thus all three versions are isotopic., 10 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.08267
- Published
- 2020
8. On some universal Morse–Sard type theorems
- Author
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Alba Roviello, Adele Ferone, Mikhail V. Korobkov, Ferone, A., Korobkov, M. V., and Roviello, A.
- Subjects
Uncertainty principle ,Dubovitskii-Federer theorems ,Near critical ,Morse-Sard theorem ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Algebraic geometry ,Morse code ,Sobolev-Lorentz mapping ,Holder mapping ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Sobolev space ,Combinatorics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,Differentiable function ,Bessel potential space ,0101 mathematics ,Critical set ,Mathematics - Abstract
The classical Morse–Sard theorem claims that for a mapping v : R n → R m + 1 of class C k the measure of critical values v ( Z v , m ) is zero under condition k ≥ n − m . Here the critical set, or m-critical set is defined as Z v , m = { x ∈ R n : rank ∇ v ( x ) ≤ m } . Further Dubovitskiĭ in 1957 and independently Federer and Dubovitskiĭ in 1967 found some elegant extensions of this theorem to the case of other (e.g., lower) smoothness assumptions. They also established the sharpness of their results within the C k category. Here we formulate and prove a bridge theorem that includes all the above results as particular cases: namely, if a function v : R n → R d belongs to the Holder class C k , α , 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 , then for every q > m the identity H μ ( Z v , m ∩ v − 1 ( y ) ) = 0 holds for H q -almost all y ∈ R d , where μ = n − m − ( k + α ) ( q − m ) . Intuitively, the sense of this bridge theorem is very close to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in theoretical physics: the more precise is the information we receive on measure of the image of the critical set, the less precisely the preimages are described, and vice versa. The result is new even for the classical C k -case (when α = 0 ); similar result is established for the Sobolev classes of mappings W p k ( R n , R d ) with minimal integrability assumptions p = max ( 1 , n / k ) , i.e., it guarantees in general only the continuity (not everywhere differentiability) of a mapping. However, using some N-properties for Sobolev mappings, established in our previous paper, we obtained that the sets of nondifferentiability points of Sobolev mappings are fortunately negligible in the above bridge theorem. We cover also the case of fractional Sobolev spaces. The proofs of the most results are based on our previous joint papers with J. Bourgain and J. Kristensen (2013, 2015). We also crucially use very deep Y. Yomdin's entropy estimates of near critical values for polynomials (based on algebraic geometry tools).
- Published
- 2020
9. Bernoulliness of when is an irrational rotation: towards an explicit isomorphism
- Author
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Christophe Leuridan
- Subjects
Rational number ,Lebesgue measure ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Diophantine approximation ,01 natural sciences ,Irrational rotation ,Combinatorics ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,Bernoulli scheme ,Isomorphism ,0101 mathematics ,Real number ,Unit interval ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ be an irrational real number. The map $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}:y\mapsto (y+\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})\!\hspace{0.6em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}1$ from the unit interval $\mathbf{I}= [\!0,1\![$ (endowed with the Lebesgue measure) to itself is ergodic. In a short paper [Parry, Automorphisms of the Bernoulli endomorphism and a class of skew-products. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.16 (1996), 519–529] published in 1996, Parry provided an explicit isomorphism between the measure-preserving map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ and the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is extremely well approximated by the rational numbers, namely, if $$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{q\geq 1}q^{4}4^{q^{2}}~\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},q^{-1}\mathbb{Z})=0.\end{eqnarray}$$ A few years later, Hoffman and Rudolph [Uniform endomorphisms which are isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. Ann. of Math. (2)156 (2002), 79–101] showed that for every irrational number, the measure-preserving map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ is isomorphic to the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift. Their proof is not constructive. In the present paper, we relax notably Parry’s condition on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$: the explicit map provided by Parry’s method is an isomorphism between the map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ and the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift whenever $$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{q\geq 1}q^{4}~\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},q^{-1}\mathbb{Z})=0.\end{eqnarray}$$ This condition can be relaxed again into $$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{n\geq 1}q_{n}^{3}~(a_{1}+\cdots +a_{n})~|q_{n}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}-p_{n}| where $[0;a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ]$ is the continued fraction expansion and $(p_{n}/q_{n})_{n\geq 0}$ the sequence of convergents of $\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\Vert :=\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},\mathbb{Z})$. Whether Parry’s map is an isomorphism for every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ or not is still an open question, although we expect a positive answer.
- Published
- 2020
10. On Counting Certain Abelian Varieties Over Finite Fields
- Author
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Chia-Fu Yu and Jiangwei Xue
- Subjects
Isogeny ,Pure mathematics ,Class (set theory) ,Current (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,Series (mathematics) ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Connection (mathematics) ,Finite field ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Number Theory (math.NT) ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Abelian group ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper contains two parts toward studying abelian varieties from the classification point of view. In a series of papers, the current authors and T.-C. Yang obtain explicit formulas for the numbers of superspecial abelian surfaces over finite fields. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the size of the isogeny class of simple abelian surfaces with real Weil number $\sqrt{q}$. This establishes a key step that one may extend our previous explicit calculations of superspecial abelian surfaces to those of supersingular abelian surfaces.The second part is to introduce the notion of genera and ideal complexes of abelian varieties with additional structures in a general setting. The purpose is to generalize the results of Yu on abelian varieties with additional structures to similitude classes, which establishes more results on the connection between geometrically defined and arithmetically defined masses for further investigation., Comment: 23 pages. Section 5.4 corrected
- Published
- 2020
11. Rectifying and Osculating Curves on a Smooth Surface
- Author
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Absos Ali Shaikh and Pinaki Ranjan Ghosh
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Numerical analysis ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Osculating curve ,01 natural sciences ,Smooth surface ,0103 physical sciences ,Mathematics::Metric Geometry ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,010307 mathematical physics ,Tangent vector ,0101 mathematics ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Mathematics ,Geodesic curvature ,Osculating circle - Abstract
The main motive of the paper is to look on rectifying and osculating curves on a smooth surface. In this paper we find the normal and geodesic curvature for a rectifying curve on a smooth surface and we also prove that geodesic curvature is invariant under the isometry of surfaces such that rectifying curves remain. We find a sufficient condition for which an osculating curve on a smooth surface remains invariant under isometry of surfaces and also we prove that the component of the position vector of an osculating curve α(s) on a smooth surface along any tangent vector to the surface at α(s) is invariant under such isometry.
- Published
- 2020
12. Extremal decomposition of a multidimensional complex space for five domains
- Author
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Yaroslav Zabolotnii and I. V. Denega
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Statistics and Probability ,Pure mathematics ,Geometric function theory ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,Unit circle ,Complex space ,Product (mathematics) ,Green's function ,0103 physical sciences ,Simply connected space ,Decomposition (computer science) ,symbols ,0101 mathematics ,Quadratic differential ,Mathematics - Abstract
The paper is devoted to one open extremal problem in the geometric function theory of complex variables associated with estimates of a functional defined on the systems of non-overlapping domains. We consider the problem of the maximum of a product of inner radii of n non-overlapping domains containing points of a unit circle and the power γ of the inner radius of a domain containing the origin. The problem was formulated in 1994 in Dubinin’s paper in the journal “Russian Mathematical Surveys” in the list of unsolved problems and then repeated in his monograph in 2014. Currently, it is not solved in general. In this paper, we obtained a solution of the problem for five simply connected domains and power γ ∈ (1; 2:57] and generalized this result to the case of multidimensional complex space.
- Published
- 2019
13. Weak containment of measure-preserving group actions
- Author
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Alexander S. Kechris and Peter Burton
- Subjects
Containment (computer programming) ,Group action ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,Calculus ,Measure (physics) ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Weak equivalence ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper concerns the study of the global structure of measure-preserving actions of countable groups on standard probability spaces. Weak containment is a hierarchical notion of complexity of such actions, motivated by an analogous concept in the theory of unitary representations. This concept gives rise to an associated notion of equivalence of actions, called weak equivalence, which is much coarser than the notion of isomorphism (conjugacy). It is well understood now that, in general, isomorphism is a very complex notion, a fact which manifests itself, for example, in the lack of any reasonable structure in the space of actions modulo isomorphism. On the other hand, the space of weak equivalence classes is quite well behaved. Another interesting fact that relates to the study of weak containment is that many important parameters associated with actions, such as the type, cost, and combinatorial parameters, turn out to be invariants of weak equivalence and in fact exhibit desirable monotonicity properties with respect to the pre-order of weak containment, a fact that can be useful in certain applications. There has been quite a lot of activity in this area in the last few years, and our goal in this paper is to provide a survey of this work.
- Published
- 2019
14. Duality and Free Measures in Vector Spaces, the Spectral Theory of Actions of Non-Locally Compact Groups
- Author
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Anatoly Vershik
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Pure mathematics ,Measurable function ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Probability (math.PR) ,010102 general mathematics ,Duality (mathematics) ,22D25, 22D40, 28O15, 46A22, 60B11 ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Measure (mathematics) ,Linear subspace ,Functional Analysis (math.FA) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Vector measure ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Locally compact space ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Probability ,Mathematics ,Vector space - Abstract
The paper presents a general duality theory for vector measure spaces taking its origin in the author's papers written in the 1960s. The main result establishes a direct correspondence between the geometry of a measure in a vector space and the properties of the space of measurable linear functionals on this space regarded as closed subspaces of an abstract space of measurable functions. An example of useful new features of this theory is the notion of a free measure and its applications., Comment: 20 pp.23 Ref
- Published
- 2019
15. Cubics in 10 variables vs. cubics in 1000 variables: Uniformity phenomena for bounded degree polynomials
- Author
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Daniel Erman, Steven V Sam, and Andrew Snowden
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL ,Hilbert's basis theorem ,Commutative Algebra (math.AC) ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Ideal (ring theory) ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic number ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Mathematics ,media_common ,Conjecture ,Hilbert's syzygy theorem ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Degree (graph theory) ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,13A02, 13D02 ,Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,Infinity ,Bounded function ,symbols ,010307 mathematical physics - Abstract
Hilbert famously showed that polynomials in n variables are not too complicated, in various senses. For example, the Hilbert Syzygy Theorem shows that the process of resolving a module by free modules terminates in finitely many (in fact, at most n) steps, while the Hilbert Basis Theorem shows that the process of finding generators for an ideal also terminates in finitely many steps. These results laid the foundations for the modern algebraic study of polynomials. Hilbert's results are not uniform in n: unsurprisingly, polynomials in n variables will exhibit greater complexity as n increases. However, an array of recent work has shown that in a certain regime---namely, that where the number of polynomials and their degrees are fixed---the complexity of polynomials (in various senses) remains bounded even as the number of variables goes to infinity. We refer to this as Stillman uniformity, since Stillman's Conjecture provided the motivating example. The purpose of this paper is to give an exposition of Stillman uniformity, including: the circle of ideas initiated by Ananyan and Hochster in their proof of Stillman's Conjecture, the followup results that clarified and expanded on those ideas, and the implications for understanding polynomials in many variables., This expository paper was written in conjunction with Craig Huneke's talk on Stillman's Conjecture at the 2018 JMM Current Events Bulletin
- Published
- 2018
16. Eigenfunction Expansions of Ultradifferentiable Functions and Ultradistributions. III. Hilbert Spaces and Universality
- Author
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Aparajita Dasgupta and Michael Ruzhansky
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,CONVOLUTION ,General Mathematics ,Structure (category theory) ,Boundary (topology) ,Type (model theory) ,Universality ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Spectral Theory ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Primary 46F05 ,Tensor (intrinsic definition) ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,DISTRIBUTIONS ,Secondary 22E30 ,0101 mathematics ,Spectral Theory (math.SP) ,Mathematics ,Hilbert spaces ,Sequence ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Hilbert space ,Universality (philosophy) ,Eigenfunction ,Sequence spaces ,Smooth functions ,Functional Analysis (math.FA) ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics and Statistics ,Physics and Astronomy ,Komatsu classes ,symbols ,Tensor representations ,010307 mathematical physics ,Primary 46F05, Secondary 22E30 ,Analysis ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
In this paper we analyse the structure of the spaces of smooth type functions, generated by elements of arbitrary Hilbert spaces, as a continuation of the research in our previous papers in this series. We prove that these spaces are perfect sequence spaces. As a consequence we describe the tensor structure of sequential mappings on the spaces of smooth type functions and characterise their adjoint mappings. As an application we prove the universality of the spaces of smooth type functions on compact manifolds without boundary., 23 pages
- Published
- 2021
17. Methods for Constructing Complex Solutions of Nonlinear PDEs Using Simpler Solutions
- Author
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Andrei D. Polyanin and A. V. Aksenov
- Subjects
Complex differential equation ,General Mathematics ,exact solutions ,Computer Science::Digital Libraries ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,functional-differential equations ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,reaction–diffusion equations ,0103 physical sciences ,Reaction–diffusion system ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,pantograph-type PDEs ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Mathematics ,PDEs with constant and variable delay ,Partial differential equation ,lcsh:Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Equations of motion ,Function (mathematics) ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Nonlinear system ,nonlinear PDEs ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Heat equation ,wave type equations - Abstract
This paper describes a number of simple but quite effective methods for constructing exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations that involve a relatively small amount of intermediate calculations. The methods employ two main ideas: (i) simple exact solutions can serve to construct more complex solutions of the equations under consideration and (ii) exact solutions of some equations can serve to construct solutions of other, more complex equations. In particular, we propose a method for constructing complex solutions from simple solutions using translation and scaling. We show that in some cases, rather complex solutions can be obtained by adding one or more terms to simpler solutions. There are situations where nonlinear superposition allows us to construct a complex composite solution using similar simple solutions. We also propose a few methods for constructing complex exact solutions to linear and nonlinear PDEs by introducing complex-valued parameters into simpler solutions. The effectiveness of the methods is illustrated by a large number of specific examples (over 30 in total). These include nonlinear heat equations, reaction–diffusion equations, wave type equations, Klein–Gordon type equations, equations of motion through porous media, hydrodynamic boundary layer equations, equations of motion of a liquid film, equations of gas dynamics, Navier–Stokes equations, and some other PDEs. Apart from exact solutions to `ordinary’ partial differential equations, we also describe some exact solutions to more complex nonlinear delay PDEs. Along with the unknown function at the current time, u=u(x,t), these equations contain the same function at a past time, w=u(x,t−τ), where τ>, 0 is the delay time. Furthermore, we look at nonlinear partial functional-differential equations of the pantograph type, which, in addition to the unknown u=u(x,t), also contain the same functions with dilated or contracted arguments, w=u(px,qt), where p and q are scaling parameters. We propose an efficient approach to construct exact solutions to such functional-differential equations. Some new exact solutions of nonlinear pantograph-type PDEs are presented. The methods and examples in this paper are presented according to the principle “from simple to complex”.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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18. Space analyticity and bounds for derivatives of solutions to the evolutionary equations of diffusive magnetohydrodynamics
- Author
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Vladislav Zheligovsky
- Subjects
space analyticity ,General Mathematics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,law ,Intermittency ,0103 physical sciences ,QA1-939 ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Mathematics ,Navier–Stokes equation ,Smoothness ,a priori bounds ,010102 general mathematics ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Sobolev space ,Nonlinear system ,Norm (mathematics) ,Time derivative ,76W05 (Primary) 35B45, 35B65, 35A20 (Secondary) ,magnetohydrodynamics ,Sign (mathematics) ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
In 1981, Foias, Guillop\'e and Temam proved a priori estimates for arbitrary-order space derivatives of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. Such bounds are instructive in the numerical investigation of intermittency often observed in simulations, e.g., numerical study of vorticity moments by Donzis et al. (2013) revealed depletion of nonlinearity that may be responsible for smoothness of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. We employ an original method to derive analogous estimates for space derivatives of three-dimensional space-periodic weak solutions to the evolutionary equations of diffusive magnetohydrodynamics. Construction relies on space analyticity of the solutions at almost all times. An auxiliary problem is introduced, and a Sobolev norm of its solutions bounds from below the size in $C^3$ of the region of space analyticity of the solutions to the original problem. We recover the exponents obtained earlier for the hydrodynamic problem. The same approach is also followed here to derive and prove similar a priori bounds for arbitrary-order space derivatives of the first-order time derivative of the weak MHD solutions. This paper is dedicated to Professor Uriel Frisch on the occasion of his 80th anniversary as a sign of appreciation of the Scientist and the Teacher., Comment: 29 pages, 1 figure. The definitive version of the paper (formatting faults and some misprints in the published version corrected); more misprints corrected in version 2
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Homological dimension of elementary amenable groups
- Author
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Conchita Martínez-Pérez and Peter H. Kropholler
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics ,Global dimension - Abstract
In this paper we prove that the homological dimension of an elementary amenable group over an arbitrary commutative coefficient ring is either infinite or equal to the Hirsch length of the group. Established theory gives simple group theoretical criteria for finiteness of homological dimension and so we can infer complete information about this invariant for elementary amenable groups. Stammbach proved the special case of solvable groups over coefficient fields of characteristic zero in an important paper dating from 1970.
- Published
- 2020
20. Finitary birepresentations of finitary bicategories
- Author
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Vanessa Miemietz, Marco Mackaay, Daniel Tubbenhauer, Volodymyr Mazorchuk, and Xiaoting Zhang
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Reduction (recursion theory) ,Generalization ,General Mathematics ,Coalgebra ,01 natural sciences ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science ,Mathematics::Category Theory ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Finitary ,Category Theory (math.CT) ,0101 mathematics ,Representation Theory (math.RT) ,Mathematics ,Transitive relation ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematics - Category Theory ,16. Peace & justice ,Mathematics::Logic ,Double centralizer theorem ,010307 mathematical physics ,Bijection, injection and surjection ,Mathematics - Representation Theory - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the generalization of finitary $2$-representation theory of finitary $2$-categories to finitary birepresentation theory of finitary bicategories. In previous papers on the subject, the classification of simple transitive $2$-representations of a given $2$-category was reduced to that for certain subquotients. These reduction results were all formulated as bijections between equivalence classes of $2$-representations. In this paper, we generalize them to biequivalences between certain $2$-categories of birepresentations. Furthermore, we prove an analog of the double centralizer theorem in finitary birepresentation theory., Significant revision of the original version
- Published
- 2020
21. Domains Without Dense Steklov Nodal Sets
- Author
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Jeffrey Galkowski and Oscar P. Bruno
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Open problem ,010102 general mathematics ,Sigma ,Mathematics::Spectral Theory ,Eigenfunction ,01 natural sciences ,Omega ,Combinatorics ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,Ball (mathematics) ,0101 mathematics ,Analysis ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ,Mathematics - Abstract
This article concerns the asymptotic geometric character of the nodal set of the eigenfunctions of the Steklov eigenvalue problem $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta \phi _{\sigma _j}=0,\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\Omega ,\quad \partial _\nu \phi _{\sigma _j}=\sigma _j \phi _{\sigma _j}\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\partial \Omega \end{aligned}$$-Δϕσj=0,onΩ,∂νϕσj=σjϕσjon∂Ωin two-dimensional domains $$\Omega $$Ω. In particular, this paper presents a dense family $$\mathcal {A}$$A of simply-connected two-dimensional domains with analytic boundaries such that, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal set of the eigenfunction $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj “is not dense at scale $$\sigma _j^{-1}$$σj-1”. This result addresses a question put forth under “Open Problem 10” in Girouard and Polterovich (J Spectr Theory 7(2):321–359, 2017). In fact, the results in the present paper establish that, for domains $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal sets of the eigenfunctions $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj associated with the eigenvalue $$\sigma _j$$σj have starkly different character than anticipated: they are not dense at any shrinking scale. More precisely, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A there is a value $$r_1>0$$r1>0 such that for each j there is $$x_j\in \Omega $$xj∈Ω such that $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj does not vanish on the ball of radius $$r_1$$r1 around $$x_j$$xj.
- Published
- 2020
22. A note on hypocoercivity for kinetic equations with heavy-tailed equilibrium
- Author
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Isabelle Tristani, Hélène Hivert, Maxime Herda, Nathalie Ayi, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Reliable numerical approximations of dissipative systems (RAPSODI ), Laboratoire Paul Painlevé - UMR 8524 (LPP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris (DMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Fokker-Planck operator ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,fractional diffusion ,Kinetic energy ,82C40, 35K65, 35Q84, 60G22 ,01 natural sciences ,Hypocoercivity ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Exponential growth ,Heavy-tailed distribution ,Kinetic equations ,Regularization (physics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Fractional diffusion ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,[MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,heavy-tailed distribution ,linear kinetic equations ,Mathematics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
In this paper we are interested in the large time behavior of linear kinetic equations with heavy-tailed local equilibria. Our main contribution concerns the kinetic Lévy-Fokker-Planck equation, for which we adapt hypocoercivity techniques in order to show that solutions converge exponentially fast to the global equilibrium. Compared to the classical kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, the issues here concern the lack of symmetry of the non-local Lévy-Fokker-Planck operator and the understanding of its regularization properties. As a complementary related result, we also treat the case of the heavy-tailed BGK equation.; In this paper we are interested in the large time behavior of linear kinetic equations with heavy-tailed local equilib-ria. Our main contribution concerns the kinetic Lévy-Fokker-Planck equation, for which we adapt hypocoercivity techniques in order to show that solutions converge exponentially fast to the global equilibrium. Compared to the classical kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, the issues here concern the lack of symmetry of the non-local Lévy-Fokker-Planck operator and the understanding of its regularization properties. As a complementary related result, we also treat the case of the heavy-tailed BGK equation. Résumé Une note sur l'hypocoercivité pour leséquations cinétiques avecéquilibresà queue lourde. Dans cet article, on s'intéresse au comportement en temps long d'équations cinétiques linéaires dont leséquilibres locaux sontà queue lourde. Notre contribution principale concerne l'équation de Lévy-Fokker-Planck cinétique, pour laquelle nous adaptons des techniques d'hypocoercivité afin de démontrer la convergence exponentielle des solutions vers unéquilibre global. En comparant au cas de l'équation de Fokker-Planck cinétique classique, les enjeux ici sont liés au manque de symétrie de l'opérateur non-local de Lévy-Fokker-Planck età la compréhension de ses propriétés de régularisation. En complément de notre analyse, nous traitonségalement le cas de l'équation de BGKà queue lourde.
- Published
- 2020
23. On the correctness of finite-rank approximations by series of shifted Gaussians
- Author
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Sergei M. Sitnik, A. S. Timashov, and S. N. Ushakov
- Subjects
11T23, 15A06, 41A05, 41A58 ,Correctness ,Rank (linear algebra) ,Series (mathematics) ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Linear system ,Zero (complex analysis) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Integer ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,0103 physical sciences ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Algebra over a field ,Interpolation ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we consider interpolation problem connected with series by integer shifts of Gaussians. Known approaches for these problems met numerical difficulties. Due to it another method is considered based on finite-rank approximations by linear systems. The main result for this approach is to establish correctness of the finite-rank linear system under consideration. And the main result of the paper is to prove correctness of the finite-rank linear system approximation. For that an explicit formula for the main determinant of the linear system is derived to demonstrate that it is non-zero., Comment: 12 pages
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. On period relations for automorphic 𝐿-functions I
- Author
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Fabian Januszewski
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistics ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Period (music) ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is the first in a series of two dedicated to the study of period relations of the type L ( 1 2 + k , Π ) ∈ ( 2 π i ) d ⋅ k Ω ( − 1 ) k \bf Q ( Π ) , 1 2 + k critical , \begin{equation*} L\Big (\frac {1}{2}+k,\Pi \Big )\;\in \;(2\pi i)^{d\cdot k}\Omega _{(-1)^k}\textrm {\bf Q}(\Pi ),\quad \frac {1}{2}+k\;\text {critical}, \end{equation*} for certain automorphic representations Π \Pi of a reductive group G . G. In this paper we discuss the case G = G L ( n + 1 ) × G L ( n ) . G=\mathrm {GL}(n+1)\times \mathrm {GL}(n). The case G = G L ( 2 n ) G=\mathrm {GL}(2n) is discussed in part two. Our method is representation theoretic and relies on the author’s recent results on global rational structures on automorphic representations. We show that the above period relations are intimately related to the field of definition of the global representation Π \Pi under consideration. The new period relations we prove are in accordance with Deligne’s Conjecture on special values of L L -functions, and the author expects this method to apply to other cases as well.
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- 2018
25. Cat-valued sheaves
- Author
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Saikat Chatterjee
- Subjects
Subcategory ,Pure mathematics ,Group (mathematics) ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Topological category ,Grothendieck topology ,Cover (topology) ,Mathematics::K-Theory and Homology ,Mathematics::Category Theory ,0103 physical sciences ,Sheaf ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Categorical variable ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B) be the category of (open) subcategories of a topological groupoid B: In this paper we study Cat-valued sheaves over category $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): The paper introduces a notion of categorical union, such that the categorical union of subcategories is a subcategory. We use this definition of categorical unions to define a categorical cover of a topological category. Instead of assuming a Grothendieck topology, we define Cat-valued sheaves in terms of the categorical cover defined in this paper. The main result is the following. For a fixed category C, the categories of local functorial sections from B to C define a Catvalued sheaf on $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): Replacing C with a categorical group G; we find a CatGrp-valued sheaf on $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): We also relate and distinguish our construction with the notion of stacks.
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- 2018
26. ON THE BILINEAR SQUARE FOURIER MULTIPLIER OPERATORS ASSOCIATED WITH FUNCTION
- Author
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Zhengyang Li and Qingying Xue
- Subjects
Multiplier (Fourier analysis) ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,Bilinear interpolation ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper will be devoted to study a class of bilinear square-function Fourier multiplier operator associated with a symbol $m$ defined by $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle \mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}(f_{1},f_{2})(x)\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \quad =\Big(\iint _{\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}}\Big(\frac{t}{|x-z|+t}\Big)^{n\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \times \,\bigg|\int _{(\mathbb{R}^{n})^{2}}e^{2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}ix\cdot (\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})}m(t\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1},t\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})\hat{f}_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1})\hat{f}_{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1}\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2}\bigg|^{2}\frac{dz\,dt}{t^{n+1}}\Big)^{1/2}.\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ A basic fact about $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ is that it is closely associated with the multilinear Littlewood–Paley $g_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}^{\ast }$ function. In this paper we first investigate the boundedness of $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ on products of weighted Lebesgue spaces. Then, the weighted endpoint $L\log L$ type estimate and strong estimate for the commutators of $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ will be demonstrated.
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- 2018
27. Group schemes and local densities of ramified hermitian lattices in residue characteristic 2. Part II
- Author
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Sungmun Cho
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Hermitian matrix ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is the complementary work of [S. Cho, Group schemes and local densities of ramified hermitian lattices in residue characteristic 2: Part I, Algebra Number Theory 10 2016, 3, 451–532]. Ramified quadratic extensions E / F {E/F} , where F is a finite unramified field extension of ℚ 2 {\mathbb{Q}_{2}} , fall into two cases that we call Case 1 and Case 2. In our previous work, we obtained the local density formula for a ramified hermitian lattice in Case 1. In this paper, we obtain the local density formula for the remaining Case 2, by constructing a smooth integral group scheme model for an appropriate unitary group. Consequently, this paper, combined with [W. T. Gan and J.-K. Yu, Group schemes and local densities, Duke Math. J. 105 2000, 3, 497–524] and our previous work, allows the computation of the mass formula for any hermitian lattice ( L , H ) {(L,H)} , when a base field is unramified over ℚ {\mathbb{Q}} at a prime ( 2 ) {(2)} .
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- 2018
28. Homogeneous Finsler spaces and the flag-wise positively curved condition
- Author
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Ming Xu and Shaoqiang Deng
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,22E46, 53C30 ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Flag (linear algebra) ,010102 general mathematics ,Lie group ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Differential Geometry (math.DG) ,0103 physical sciences ,Lie algebra ,FOS: Mathematics ,Compact Lie algebra ,Tangent space ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,0101 mathematics ,Invariant (mathematics) ,010306 general physics ,Hopf conjecture ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the flag-wise positively curved condition for Finsler spaces (the (FP) Condition), which means that in each tangent plane, we can find a flag pole in this plane such that the corresponding flag has positive flag curvature. Applying the Killing navigation technique, we find a list of compact coset spaces admitting non-negatively curved homogeneous Finsler metrics satisfying the (FP) Condition. Using a crucial technique we developed previously, we prove that most of these coset spaces cannot be endowed with positively curved homogeneous Finsler metrics. We also prove that any Lie group whose Lie algebra is a rank $2$ non-Abelian compact Lie algebra admits a left invariant Finsler metric satisfying the (FP) condition. As by-products, we find the first example of non-compact coset space $S^3\times \mathbb{R}$ which admits homogeneous flag-wise positively curved Finsler metrics. Moreover, we find some non-negatively curved Finsler metrics on $S^2\times S^3$ and $S^6\times S^7$ which satisfy the (FP) condition, as well as some flag-wise positively curved Finsler metrics on $S^3\times S^3$, shedding some light on the long standing general Hopf conjecture., 23 pages. The newest version has strengthened the main results in the paper, and provides more examples. We add a short survey on the most recent progress inspired by this paper in the introduction section
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- 2018
29. On the perfection of schemes
- Author
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Alessandra Bertapelle and Cristian D. Gonzalez-Aviles
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,010102 general mathematics ,Perfection ,Inverse ,14A99 ,Perfect closure ,01 natural sciences ,Perfect scheme ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Scheme (mathematics) ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,Number Theory (math.NT) ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,media_common ,Mathematics - Abstract
This is a chiefly expository paper on the subject of the title which, in our view, has not received a detailed treatment in the literature which is commensurate with its importance. We expect the results presented here to be useful in a number of contexts. For example, several of them will be applied in a forthcoming paper by the authors., Comment: 25 pages
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- 2018
30. Polynomials whose coefficients coincide with their zeros
- Author
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Damiano Fulghesu and Oksana Bihun
- Subjects
Polynomial ,Pure mathematics ,General Mathematics ,26C10, 12E10, 14N10, 33C45 ,Algebraic geometry ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,0103 physical sciences ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic number ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Mathematics ,Mathematics::Functional Analysis ,Degree (graph theory) ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Differential operator ,Hypergeometric distribution ,Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,010307 mathematical physics ,Monic polynomial - Abstract
In this paper we consider monic polynomials such that their coefficients coincide with their zeros. These polynomials were first introduced by S. Ulam. We combine methods of algebraic geometry and dynamical systems to prove several results. We obtain estimates on the number of Ulam polynomials of degree $N$. We provide additional methods to obtain algebraic identities satisfied by the zeros of Ulam polynomials, beyond the straightforward comparison of their zeros and coefficients. To address the question about existence of orthogonal Ulam polynomial sequences, we show that the only Ulam polynomial eigenfunctions of hypergeometric type differential operators are the trivial Ulam polynomials $\{x^N\}_{N=0}^\infty$. We propose a family of solvable $N$-body problems such that their stable equilibria are the zeros of certain Ulam polynomials., This version contains clarifications of the exposition to match the published version of the paper
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- 2018
31. An approximation principle for congruence subgroups
- Author
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Tobias Finis and Erez Lapid
- Subjects
20E18, 20G25 ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Lattice (group) ,Group Theory (math.GR) ,01 natural sciences ,Prime (order theory) ,Combinatorics ,Conjugacy class ,Group scheme ,0103 physical sciences ,Lie algebra ,Simply connected space ,FOS: Mathematics ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Group Theory ,Group theory ,Mathematics ,Congruence subgroup - Abstract
The motivating question of this paper is roughly the following: given a group scheme $G$ over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, $p$ prime, with semisimple generic fiber $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$, how far are open subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ from subgroups of the form $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$, where $X$ is a subgroup scheme of $G$ and $\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$ is the principal congruence subgroup $\operatorname{Ker} (G(\mathbb{Z}_p)\rightarrow G(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}))$? More precisely, we will show that for $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$ simply connected there exist constants $J\ge1$ and $\varepsilon>0$, depending only on $G$, such that any open subgroup of $G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$ of level $p^n$ admits an open subgroup of index $\le J$ which is contained in $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^{\lceil \varepsilon n\rceil})$ for some proper connected algebraic subgroup $X$ of $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Moreover, if $G$ is defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, then $\varepsilon$ and $J$ can be taken independently of $p$. We also give a correspondence between natural classes of $\mathbb{Z}_p$-Lie subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{Z}_p}$ and of closed subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ that can be regarded as a variant over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ of Nori's results on the structure of finite subgroups of $\operatorname{GL}(N_0,\mathbb{F}_p)$ for large $p$. As an application we give a bound for the volume of the intersection of a conjugacy class in the group $G (\hat{\mathbb{Z}}) = \prod_p G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$, for $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, with an arbitrary open subgroup. In a future paper, this result will be applied to the limit multiplicity problem for arbitrary congruence subgroups of the arithmetic lattice $G (\mathbb{Z})$., fixed a few inaccuracies and made some stylistic changes to appear in JEMS
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- 2018
32. Rational homology and homotopy of high-dimensional string links
- Author
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Paul Arnaud Songhafouo Tsopméné and Victor Turchin
- Subjects
Homotopy group ,Pure mathematics ,Conjecture ,Hochschild homology ,Direct sum ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Homotopy ,010102 general mathematics ,Codimension ,Homology (mathematics) ,Mathematics::Algebraic Topology ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics::K-Theory and Homology ,0103 physical sciences ,Isotopy ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Arone and the second author showed that when the dimensions are in the stable range, the rational homology and homotopy of the high-dimensional analogues of spaces of long knots can be calculated as the homology of a direct sum of finite graph-complexes that they described explicitly. They also showed that these homology and homotopy groups can be interpreted as the higher-order Hochschild homology, also called Hochschild–Pirashvili homology. In this paper, we generalize all these results to high-dimensional analogues of spaces of string links. The methods of our paper are applicable in the range when the ambient dimension is at least twice the maximal dimension of a link component plus two, which in particular guarantees that the spaces under study are connected. However, we conjecture that our homotopy graph-complex computes the rational homotopy groups of link spaces always when the codimension is greater than two, i.e. always when the Goodwillie–Weiss calculus is applicable. Using Haefliger’s approach to calculate the groups of isotopy classes of higher-dimensional links, we confirm our conjecture at the level of π 0 {\pi_{0}} .
- Published
- 2018
33. Functions of triples of noncommuting self-adjoint operators under perturbations of class $\boldsymbol {S}_p$
- Author
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V. V. Peller
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Class (set theory) ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,16. Peace & justice ,01 natural sciences ,Functional Analysis (math.FA) ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Spectral Theory ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,0103 physical sciences ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,010307 mathematical physics ,Complex Variables (math.CV) ,0101 mathematics ,Spectral Theory (math.SP) ,Self-adjoint operator ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we study properties of functions of triples of not necessarily commuting self-adjoint operators. The main result of the paper shows that unlike in the case of functions of pairs of self-adjoint operators there is no Lipschitz type estimates in any Schatten--von Neumann norm $\boldsymbol S_p$, $1\le p\le\infty$, for arbitrary functions in the Besov class $B_{\infty,1}^1({\Bbb R}^3)$. In other words, we prove that for $p\in[1,\infty]$, there is no constant $K>0$ such that the inequality \begin{align*} \|f(A_1,B_1,C_1)&-f(A_2,B_2,C_2)\|_{\boldsymbol S_p}\\[.1cm] &\le K\|f\|_{B_{\infty,1}^1} \max\big\{\|A_1-A_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p},\|B_1-B_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p},\|C_1-C_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p}\big\} \end{align*} holds for an arbitrary function $f$ in $B_{\infty,1}^1({\Bbb R}^3)$ and for arbitrary finite rank self-adjoint operators $A_1,\,B_1,\,C_1,\,A_2,\,B_2$ and $C_2$., 14 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1606.08961
- Published
- 2018
34. Wave front sets of reductive Lie group representations II
- Author
-
Benjamin Harris
- Subjects
Wavefront ,Induced representation ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Simple Lie group ,010102 general mathematics ,Wave front set ,Lie group ,(g,K)-module ,01 natural sciences ,Algebra ,Representation of a Lie group ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Tempered representation ,010307 mathematical physics ,Representation Theory (math.RT) ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Representation Theory ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper it is shown that the wave front set of a direct integral of singular, irreducible representations of a real, reductive algebraic group is contained in the singular set. Combining this result with the results of the first paper in this series, the author obtains asymptotic results on the occurrence of tempered representations in induction and restriction problems for real, reductive algebraic groups., Accepted to Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
- Published
- 2017
35. A Concretization of an Approximation Method for Non-Affine Fractal Interpolation Functions
- Author
-
Alexandra Baicoianu, Cristina Maria Păcurar, and Marius Paun
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Computation ,Context (language use) ,countable deterministic non-linear scheme ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Fractal ,0103 physical sciences ,Attractor ,countable affine probabilistic scheme ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Countable set ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,countable affine deterministic scheme ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Finite set ,Mathematics ,countable non-linear probabilistic scheme ,lcsh:Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,fractal interpolation function ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,non-affine FIFs ,Affine transformation ,Interpolation - Abstract
The present paper concretizes the models proposed by S. Ri and N. Secelean. S. Ri proposed the construction of the fractal interpolation function (FIF) considering finite systems consisting of Rakotch contractions, but produced no concretization of the model. N. Secelean considered countable systems of Banach contractions to produce the fractal interpolation function. Based on the abovementioned results, in this paper, we propose two different algorithms to produce the fractal interpolation functions both in the affine and non-affine cases. The theoretical context we were working in suppose a countable set of starting points and a countable system of Rakotch contractions. Due to the computational restrictions, the algorithms constructed in the applications have the weakness that they use a finite set of starting points and a finite system of Rakotch contractions. In this respect, the attractor obtained is a two-step approximation. The large number of points used in the computations and the graphical results lead us to the conclusion that the attractor obtained is a good approximation of the fractal interpolation function in both cases, affine and non-affine FIFs. In this way, we also provide a concretization of the scheme presented by C.M. Păcurar.
- Published
- 2021
36. Fourier transforms of powers of well-behaved 2D real analytic functions
- Author
-
Michael Greenblatt
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Newton polygon ,Function (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Subclass ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,0103 physical sciences ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,010307 mathematical physics ,42B20 ,0101 mathematics ,Analytic function ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is a companion paper to [G4], where sharp estimates are proven for Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions built out of two-dimensional real-analytic functions. The theorems of [G4] are stated in a rather general form. In this paper, we expand on the results of [G4] and show that there is a class of "well-behaved" functions that contains a number of relevant examples for which such estimates can be explicitly described in terms of the Newton polygon of the function. We will further see that for a subclass of these functions, one can prove noticeably more precise estimates, again in an explicitly describable way., 13 pages
- Published
- 2017
37. Gromov hyperbolicity, the Kobayashi metric, and $\mathbb {C}$-convex sets
- Author
-
Andrew Zimmer
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Euclidean space ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Dimension (graph theory) ,Regular polygon ,Boundary (topology) ,Codimension ,01 natural sciences ,Bounded function ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,Affine transformation ,Ball (mathematics) ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we study the global geometry of the Kobayashi metric on domains in complex Euclidean space. We are particularly interested in developing necessary and sufficient conditions for the Kobayashi metric to be Gromov hyperbolic. For general domains, it has been suggested that a non-trivial complex affine disk in the boundary is an obstruction to Gromov hyperbolicity. This is known to be the case when the set in question is convex. In this paper we first extend this result to $\mathbb{C}$-convex sets with $C^1$-smooth boundary. We will then show that some boundary regularity is necessary by producing in any dimension examples of open bounded $\mathbb{C}$-convex sets where the Kobayashi metric is Gromov hyperbolic but whose boundary contains a complex affine ball of complex codimension one.
- Published
- 2017
38. Purely exponential growth of cusp-uniform actions
- Author
-
Wenyuan Yang
- Subjects
Cusp (singularity) ,Pure mathematics ,Lemma (mathematics) ,Mathematics::Dynamical Systems ,Group (mathematics) ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Metric Geometry (math.MG) ,Group Theory (math.GR) ,Dynamical Systems (math.DS) ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Metric Geometry ,Exponential growth ,0103 physical sciences ,Shadow ,FOS: Mathematics ,Primary 20F65, 20F67 ,Countable set ,010307 mathematical physics ,Preprint ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Group Theory ,Mathematics - Abstract
Suppose that a countable group $G$ admits a cusp-uniform action on a hyperbolic space $(X,d)$ such that $G$ is of divergent type. The main result of the paper is characterizing the purely exponential growth type of the orbit growth function by a condition introduced by Dal'bo-Otal-Peign\'e. For geometrically finite Cartan-Hadamard manifolds with pinched negative curvature this condition ensures the finiteness of Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measures. In this case, our result recovers a theorem of Roblin (in a weaker form). Our main tool is the Patterson-Sullivan measures on the Gromov boundary of $X$, and a variant of the Sullivan shadow lemma called partial shadow lemma. This allows us to prove that the purely exponential growth of either cones, or partial cones or horoballs is also equivalent to the condition of Dal'bo-Otal-Peign\'e. These results are further used in the paper \cite{YANG7}., Comment: Version 2: 34 pages, 2 figures. Sections 4 and 5 was rewritten following suggestions of the referee. Paper accepted by Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
- Published
- 2017
39. Tame circle actions
- Author
-
Jordan Watts and Susan Tolman
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Holomorphic function ,Kähler manifold ,Fixed point ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry ,0103 physical sciences ,Symplectic category ,Slice theorem ,FOS: Mathematics ,Symplectic Geometry (math.SG) ,010307 mathematical physics ,53D20 (Primary) 53D05, 53B35 (Secondary) ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry ,Moment map ,Symplectic manifold ,Symplectic geometry ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we consider Sjamaar's holomorphic slice theorem, the birational equivalence theorem of Guillemin and Sternberg, and a number of important standard constructions that work for Hamiltonian circle actions in both the symplectic category and the K\"ahler category: reduction, cutting, and blow-up. In each case, we show that the theory extends to Hamiltonian circle actions on complex manifolds with tamed symplectic forms. (At least, the theory extends if the fixed points are isolated.) Our main motivation for this paper is that the first author needs the machinery that we develop here to construct a non-Hamiltonian symplectic circle action on a closed, connected six-dimensional symplectic manifold with exactly 32 fixed points; this answers an open question in symplectic geometry. However, we also believe that the setting we work in is intrinsically interesting, and elucidates the key role played by the following fact: the moment image of $e^t \cdot x$ increases as $t \in \mathbb{R}$ increases., Comment: 25 pages
- Published
- 2017
40. Hamilton–Jacobi theory, symmetries and coisotropic reduction
- Author
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Manuel de León, David Martín de Diego, and Miguel Vaquero
- Subjects
Approximations of π ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Hamilton–Jacobi equation ,Hamiltonian system ,Algebra ,symbols.namesake ,Reduction procedure ,0103 physical sciences ,Homogeneous space ,symbols ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) ,Symplectic geometry ,Mathematics - Abstract
Reduction theory has played a major role in the study of Hamiltonian systems. Whilst the Hamilton–Jacobi theory is one of the main tools to integrate the dynamics of certain Hamiltonian problems and a topic of research on its own. Moreover, the construction of several symplectic integrators relies on approximations of a complete solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The natural question that we address in this paper is how these two topics (reduction and Hamilton–Jacobi theory) fit together. We obtain a reduction and reconstruction procedure for the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with symmetries, even in a generalized sense to be clarified below. Several applications and relations to other reduction of the Hamilton–Jacobi theory are shown in the last section of the paper. It is remarkable that as by-product we obtain a generalization of the Ge–Marsden reduction procedure [18] and the results in [17] . Quite surprisingly, the classical ansatze available in the literature to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation (see [2] , [19] ) are also particular instances of our framework.
- Published
- 2017
41. Isoperimetric properties of the mean curvature flow
- Author
-
Or Hershkovits
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Mean curvature flow ,Mean curvature ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Upper and lower bounds ,Geometric measure theory ,0103 physical sciences ,Hausdorff measure ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Isoperimetric inequality ,Constant (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we discuss a simple relation, which was previously missed, between the high co-dimensional isoperimetric problem of finding a filling with small volume to a given cycle and extinction estimates for singular, high co-dimensional, mean curvature flow. The utility of this viewpoint is first exemplified by two results which, once casted in the light of this relation, are almost self-evident. The first is a genuine, 5-line proof, for the isoperimetric inequality for k k -cycles in R n \mathbb {R}^n , with a constant differing from the optimal constant by a factor of only k \sqrt {k} , as opposed to a factor of k k k^k produced by all of the other soft methods. The second is a 3-line proof of a lower bound for extinction for arbitrary co-dimensional, singular, mean curvature flows starting from cycles, generalizing the main result of Giga and Yama-uchi (1993). We then turn to use the above-mentioned relation to prove a bound on the parabolic Hausdorff measure of the space-time track of high co-dimensional, singular, mean curvature flow starting from a cycle, in terms of the mass of that cycle. This bound is also reminiscent of a Michael-Simon isoperimetric inequality. To prove it, we are led to study the geometric measure theory of Euclidean rectifiable sets in parabolic space and prove a co-area formula in that setting. This formula, the proof of which occupies most of this paper, may be of independent interest.
- Published
- 2017
42. On sup-norms of cusp forms of powerful level
- Author
-
Abhishek Saha
- Subjects
Cusp (singularity) ,Final version ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics::Number Theory ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Fourier coefficients ,Amplification ,Mathematics::Spectral Theory ,01 natural sciences ,Maass form ,Algebra ,Uniform norm ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Number Theory (math.NT) ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Sup-norm ,Fourier series ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let f be an L^2-normalized Hecke--Maass cuspidal newform of level N and Laplace eigenvalue \lambda. It is shown that |f|_\infty <0. The exponent is further improved in the case when N is not divisible by "small squares". Our work extends and generalizes previously known results in the special case of N squarefree., Comment: Final version, to appear in JEMS. Please also note that the results of this paper have been significantly improved in my recent paper arXiv:1509.07489 which uses a fairly different methodology
- Published
- 2017
43. Universal covering Calabi–Yau manifolds of the Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of Enriques surfaces
- Author
-
Taro Hayashi
- Subjects
Degree (graph theory) ,Covering space ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Enriques surface ,010102 general mathematics ,Automorphism ,01 natural sciences ,Manifold ,Combinatorics ,Hilbert scheme ,0103 physical sciences ,Calabi–Yau manifold ,010307 mathematical physics ,Isomorphism ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Throughout this paper, we work over ${\mathbb C}$, and $n$ is an integer such that $n\geq 2$. For an Enriques surface $E$, let $E^{[n]}$ be the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points of $E$. By Oguiso and Schr\"oer, $E^{[n]}$ has a Calabi-Yau manifold $X$ as the universal covering space, $\pi :X\rightarrow E^{[n]}$ of degree $2$. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a relationship of the small deformation of $E^{[n]}$ and that of $X$ $({\rm Theorem}\ 1.1)$, the natural automorphism of $E^{[n]}$ $({\rm Theorem}\,1.2)$, and count the number of isomorphism classes of the Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of Enriques surfaces which has $X$ as the universal covering space when we fix one $X$ $({\rm Theorem}\,1.3)$.
- Published
- 2017
44. End-point estimates, extrapolation for multilinear Muckenhoupt classes, and applications
- Author
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Henri Martikainen, Kangwei Li, Emil Vuorinen, Sheldy Ombrosi, José María Martell, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, and Department of Mathematics and Statistics
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Library science ,01 natural sciences ,Multilinear Muckenhoupt weights ,Rubio de Francia extrapolation ,VALUED INEQUALITIES ,Excellence ,0103 physical sciences ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,111 Mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,Accreditation ,media_common ,Mathematics::Functional Analysis ,End point ,WEIGHTED NORM INEQUALITIES ,Applied Mathematics ,European research ,multilinear Calder'on-Zygmund operators ,010102 general mathematics ,Multilinear Muckenhoupt weights, Rubio de Francia extrapolation,multilinear Calder ́on-Zygmund operators, bilinear Hilbert transform, vector-valued inequalities,mixed-norm estimates ,SINGULAR-INTEGRALS ,multilinear Caldero ́n-Zygmund operators ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,mixed-norm estimates ,Christian ministry ,010307 mathematical physics ,vector-valued inequalities ,bilinear Hilbert transform - Abstract
In this paper we present the results announced in the recent work by the first, second, and fourth authors of the current paper concerning Rubio de Francia extrapolation for the so-called multilinear Muckenhoupt classes. Here we consider the situations where some of the exponents of the Lebesgue spaces appearing in the hypotheses and/or in the conclusion can be possibly infinity. The scheme we follow is similar, but, in doing so, we need to develop a one-variable end-point off-diagonal extrapolation result. This complements the corresponding ``finite'' case obtained by Duoandikoetxea, which was one of the main tools in the aforementioned paper. The second goal of this paper is to present some applications. For example, we obtain the full range of mixed-norm estimates for tensor products of bilinear Calder\'on-Zygmund operators with a proof based on extrapolation and on some estimates with weights in some mixed-norm classes. The same occurs with the multilinear Calder\'on-Zygmund operators, the bilinear Hilbert transform, and the corresponding commutators with BMO functions. Extrapolation along with the already established weighted norm inequalities easily give scalar and vector-valued inequalities with multilinear weights and these include the end-point cases., Comment: v2: final version, incorporated referee comments, to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 pages
- Published
- 2019
45. A generalized type semigroup and dynamical comparison
- Author
-
Xin Ma
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dynamical systems theory ,Group (mathematics) ,Semigroup ,Discrete group ,Mathematics::Operator Algebras ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematics - Operator Algebras ,Hausdorff space ,Topological dynamics ,Dynamical Systems (math.DS) ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,FOS: Mathematics ,Countable set ,010307 mathematical physics ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,0101 mathematics ,Operator Algebras (math.OA) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we construct and study a semigroup associated to an action of a countable discrete group on a compact Hausdorff space that can be regarded as a higher dimensional generalization of the type semigroup. We study when this semigroup is almost unperforated. This leads to a new characterization of dynamical comparison and thus answers a question of Kerr and Schafhauser. In addition, this paper suggests a definition of comparison for dynamical systems in which neither the acting group is necessarily amenable nor the action is minimal.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mutual information decay for factors of i.i.d
- Author
-
Viktor Harangi and Balázs Gerencsér
- Subjects
Independent and identically distributed random variables ,Discrete mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,Mutual information ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is concerned with factors of independent and identically distributed processes on the $d$ -regular tree for $d\geq 3$ . We study the mutual information of values on two given vertices. If the vertices are neighbors (i.e. their distance is $1$ ), then a known inequality between the entropy of a vertex and the entropy of an edge provides an upper bound for the (normalized) mutual information. In this paper we obtain upper bounds for vertices at an arbitrary distance $k$ , of order $(d-1)^{-k/2}$ . Although these bounds are sharp, we also show that an interesting phenomenon occurs here: for any fixed process, the rate of mutual information decay is much faster, essentially of order $(d-1)^{-k}$ .
- Published
- 2019
47. Asymptotic stability of nonuniform behaviour
- Author
-
Weinian Zhang and Davor Dragičević
- Subjects
Exponential stability ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,nonuniform exponential dichotomy, roughness ,010102 general mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,Mathematical analysis ,0101 mathematics ,16. Peace & justice ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is devoted to exponential dichotomies of nonautonomous difference equations. Under the assumptions that $(A_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ is a sequence of bounded operators acting on an arbitrary Banach space $X$ that admits a uniform exponential dichotomy and that $(B_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ is a sequence of compact operators such that $\lim_{; ; ; ; \lvert m\rvert \to \infty}; ; ; ; \lVert B_m\rVert=0$, D. Henry proved that either the sequence $(A_m+B_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ admits a uniform exponential dichotomy or there exists a bounded nonzero sequence $(x_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; \subset X$ such that $x_{; ; ; ; m+1}; ; ; ; = (A_m+B_m)x_m$ for each $m\in \Z$. In this paper we prove Henry's result in the setting of \emph{; ; ; ; nonuniform}; ; ; ; exponential dichotomies. Then we obtain a result on roughness of the nonuniform exponential dichotomy and give stability of Lyapunov exponents. In addition, we establish corresponding results for dynamics with continuous time.
- Published
- 2019
48. The Asaeda–Haagerup fusion categories
- Author
-
Noah Snyder, Pinhas Grossman, and Masaki Izumi
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Center (group theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Subfactor ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Abelian group ,Morita equivalence ,Symmetry (geometry) ,Orbifold ,Quotient ,Mathematics - Abstract
The classification of subfactors of small index revealed several new subfactors. The first subfactor above index 4, the Haagerup subfactor, is increasingly well understood and appears to lie in a (discrete) infinite family of subfactors where the ℤ \mathbb{Z} /3 ℤ \mathbb{Z} symmetry is replaced by other finite abelian groups. The goal of this paper is to give a similarly good description of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor which emerged from our study of its Brauer–Picard groupoid. More specifically, we construct a new subfactor 𝒮 {\mathcal{S}} which is a ℤ \mathbb{Z} /4 ℤ \mathbb{Z} × \times ℤ \mathbb{Z} /2 ℤ \mathbb{Z} analogue of the Haagerup subfactor and we show that the even parts of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor are higher Morita equivalent to an orbifold quotient of 𝒮 {\mathcal{S}} . This gives a new construction of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor which is much more symmetric and easier to work with than the original construction. As a consequence, we can settle many open questions about the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor: calculating its Drinfeld center, classifying all extensions of the Asaeda–Haagerup fusion categories, finding the full higher Morita equivalence class of the Asaeda–Haagerup fusion categories, and finding intermediate subfactor lattices for subfactors coming from the Asaeda–Haagerup categories. The details of the applications will be given in subsequent papers.
- Published
- 2016
49. The Two Hyperplane Conjecture
- Author
-
David Jerison
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Conjecture ,35B35, 35A15 ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Scalar (mathematics) ,Eigenfunction ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Hyperplane ,0103 physical sciences ,Poincaré conjecture ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,Convex body ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Isoperimetric inequality ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) ,Mathematics - Abstract
We introduce a conjecture that we call the {\it Two Hyperplane Conjecture}, saying that an isoperimetric surface that divides a convex body in half by volume is trapped between parallel hyperplanes. The conjecture is motivated by an approach we propose to the {\it Hots Spots Conjecture} of J. Rauch using deformation and Lipschitz bounds for level sets of eigenfunctions. We will relate this approach to quantitative connectivity properties of level sets of solutions to elliptic variational problems, including isoperimetric inequalities, Poincar\'e inequalities, Harnack inequalities, and NTA (non-tangentially accessibility). This paper mostly asks questions rather than answering them, while recasting known results in a new light. Its main theme is that the level sets of least energy solutions to scalar variational problems should be as simple as possible., Comment: 22 pages, this new version corrects one word in the introduction, Aguilera is the name of the first author of a paper cited (not Athanosopoulos). Thanks to Joel Spruck for pointing out this error
- Published
- 2018
50. Gromov compactness in non-archimedean analytic geometry
- Author
-
Tony Yue Yu, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Algebraic geometry ,01 natural sciences ,14G22 (Primary), 14D23 (Secondary), 14D15, 14H10, 14T05 ,Moduli space ,Enumerative geometry ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Compact space ,Analytic geometry ,0103 physical sciences ,Compactness theorem ,FOS: Mathematics ,010307 mathematical physics ,[MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG] ,0101 mathematics ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Symplectic manifold ,Symplectic geometry ,Mathematics - Abstract
Gromov's compactness theorem for pseudo-holomorphic curves is a foundational result in symplectic geometry. It controls the compactness of the moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic curves with bounded area in a symplectic manifold. In this paper, we prove the analog of Gromov's compactness theorem in non-archimedean analytic geometry. We work in the framework of Berkovich spaces. First, we introduce a notion of K\"ahler structure in non-archimedean analytic geometry using metrizations of virtual line bundles. Second, we introduce formal stacks and non-archimedean analytic stacks. Then we construct the moduli stack of non-archimedean analytic stable maps using formal models, Artin's representability criterion and the geometry of stable curves. Finally, we reduce the non-archimedean problem to the known compactness results in algebraic geometry. The motivation of this paper is to provide the foundations for non-archimedean enumerative geometry., Comment: Improved presentation
- Published
- 2018
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