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Cilj je rada s teorijskog aspekta istražiti i identificirati oblike stigmatizacije koja u konačnici ukazuje na višestruko negativne društvene implikacije. Metodom sekudarne analize i analize sadržaja u radu se problematizira stigmatiziranje u društvenom i pedagoškom kontekstu čije su posljedice osobito negativne za ugrožene i marginalizirane skupine ljudi. Analizom podataka utvrđeno je da nasilje nad mišljenjem ima obilježje bezuvjetne podređenosti pojedinca normama i inim kolektivitetima koji stvaraju stereotipe o drugima i drugačijima kao nepoželjnima te da se stigmatizacija temelji na rasprostranjenim stereotipima koji postaju osnova za isključivanje ili izbjegavanje određene skupine ljudi. Zaključuje se da su u procesu destigmatizacije odgoj i obrazovanje iznimno važan segment u formiranju (ne)humanih društvenih obrazaca ponašanja.

Cilj: Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati pojavnost HIV/AIDS-a u Hrvatskoj te je analizirati po najvažnijim epidemiološkim osobitostima poput raspodjele po dobi, spolu, seksualnoj pripadnosti te putu prijenosa infekcije. Metode: Istraživanje u radu provedeno je temeljem sekundarnih izvora podataka, odnosno temeljem rutinski prikupljenih podataka Registra za HIV Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo Republike Hrvatske, postojeće literature, znanstvenih radova i rezultata istraživanja koja su se provodila od strane renomiranih organizacija i stručnjaka u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu. Rezultati: Analizirajući podatke Registra za HIV uočava se da su zarazom HIV-om najviše pogođeni muškarci, homoseksualne orijentacije (MSM) između 20 - 39 godina. Zaključak: Republika Hrvatska bilježi nisku stopu incidencije, među najnižima u Europi, bez obzira na učestale migracije stanovništva. Zajedničko djelovanje stručnjaka i cjelokupnog društva treba pridonijeti još boljoj preventivnoj politici usmjerenoj ka ciljanoj populaciji, odnosno mladim ljudima od 20-39 godina, muškarcima, osobito onima homoseksualne orijentacije. Medicinska sestra je nezaobilazan sudionik edukacije, dijagnostike, liječenja, cjelokupne skrbi, kao i destigmatizacije bolesnika. Dobiveni rezultati nam govore u kojem smjeru treba ići preventivna politika te su dobro polazište za neka buduća istraživanja. Introduction and Aim: The goal of this master´s thesis is to show to the public HIV/AIDS incidence in Croatia then analize it towards most important epidemiological peculiarities such as distribution per age, gender, sexual affiliation and transmission path of infection. Material and methods: This research is carry out by second source of data, basis on routinely collected data of Registar of HIV, Croatian institute for public health, exsisting literature, scientific papers and results of searching that were being implemented by renowned organization and experts in Croatia and world. Results: Analyzing data of Registar of HIV it is notecable that they are contagious of HIV most affected mens, MSM, by 20-39 years. Conclusion: Republic of Croatia has a low incidence rate of HIV, among the lowest in Europe, regardless of migration. The joint action of experts and the entire society should contribute to an even better preventative policy aimed at the target population, that is, young people from 20-39 years, men, also homosexual. The nurse is an indispensable participant in the education, diagnostics, treatment, overall care, as well as destigmatization of patients. The results show us in which direction prevention policy should go and they are a good starting point for some future research.

This article presents some unpublished results obtained in the early 1980s, reworked in the early 2000s, without attempting to situate them in today's (2019) literature. Matroid theory is based on the abstract notion of linear dependence as privileged over the quantitative aspects encountered in classical linear algebra. A matroïd is based on a set E and the definition of subsets of E, verifying certain properties expressing the vector dependence or independence of these subsets. The basic structure of a chemical thermodynamics problem is based on the enumeration of a list of chemical species, a list of chemical elements and the correspondence between the elements and the species (this element may or may not belong to this species). A dual approach concerns species and chemical reactions (such species participates in such reaction). It can be simply associated with a matroïd, the set E being that of the chemical species. The axiomatics of the independent subsets are verified by collections of independent chemical species, i.e. not participating in the same reaction or having no chemical element in common. The axiomatics of dependent subsets are verified by chemical reactions. A stigm is a minimal chemical reaction and bases are independent subsets with maximum cardinal number. We find the previous structures from the matrices defining a chemical thermodynamics problem (based on the vector independence of the vectors constituting them). The orientations (+ / -) of the various subsets of the (oriented) matroïd are related to the relative positions of the chemical species in the chemical space, conditioning their character as reactants (+) or products (-) in the writing of chemical reactions. A first application is to provide a general framework for solving linear systems associated with a chemical thermodynamics problem (determination of the minimum number of equations required, etc.) and to provide specific solutions for more complex problems (solving mixed systems where certain chemical concentrations and potentials are fixed). A second application concerns the qualitative understanding of phase diagrams: it promises to be a major application. An analogy between chemical thermodynamics and electricity (loops, points, Kirchoff's rules etc.) is proposed, electricity being a field where matroids are already used. The first part of the text, in French, presents the general proposals concerning the correspondence between matroid theory and a problem of chemical thermodynamics. The second part, in English, presents a presentation at a conference illustrating on examples the contribution of the concept of affigraphy (Guy et Pla, 1997) and the theory of ortiented matroids to the understanding of the qualitative structure of phase diagrams; the orientations of the various subsets of matroid E (chemical space) imply those of the orthogonal or dual matroid E* (phase diagrams) (one recovers Schreinemakers' rules). Some search directions are indicated., Le présent article présente quelques résultats inédits obtenus au début des années 1980 et repris au début des années 2000, sans chercher à les situer dans la littérature d’aujourd’hui (2019). La théorie des matroïdes est fondée sur la notion abstraite de dépendance linéaire comme privilégiée par rapport aux aspects quantitatifs rencontrés dans l’algèbre linéaire classique. Un matroïde repose sur la donnée d’un ensemble E et la définition de parties de E, vérifiant certaines propriétés exprimant la dépendance ou l’indépendance vectorielle de ces parties. La structure de base d’un problème de thermodynamique chimique repose sur l’énumération d’une liste d’espèces chimiques, d’une liste d’éléments chimiques et de la correspondance entre les éléments et les espèces (tel élément appartient ou non à telle espèce). Une approche duale concerne les espèces et les réactions chimiques (telle espèce participe à telle réaction). On peut y associer simplement un matroïde, l’ensemble E étant celui des espèces chimiques. L’axiomatique des parties libres est vérifiée par les collections d’espèces chimiques indépendantes, c’est-à-dire ne participant pas à une même réaction ou n’ayant pas d’élément chimique en commun. L’axiomatique des ensembles dépendants est vérifiée par les réactions chimiques. Les stigmes sont les réactions chimiques minimales et les bases sont des parties libres de cardinal maximal. On retrouve les structures précédentes à partir des matrices définissant un problème de thermodynamique chimique (fondées sur l’indépendance vectorielle des vecteurs les constituant). Les orientations (+ / -) des différents sous-ensembles d’un matroïde (orienté) sont en relation avec les positions relatives des espèces chimiques dans l’espace chimique, conditionnant leur caractère de réactant (+) ou de produit (-) dans l’écriture des réactions chimiques. Une première application est de donner un cadre général pour la résolution des systèmes linéaires associés à un problème de thermodynamique chimique (détermination du nombre minimal d’équations nécessaires etc.) et apporter des solutions spécifiques pour certains problèmes plus complexes (résolution de systèmes mixtes où certaines concentrations et certains potentiels chimiques sont fixés). Une seconde application concerne la compréhension qualitative des diagrammes de phases : elle s’annonce comme une application majeure. Une analogie thermodynamique chimique - électricité (mailles, nœuds, lois de Kirchoff etc.) est proposée, l’électricité étant un domaine où les matroïdes sont déjà utilisés. La première partie du texte, en français, présente les propositions générales concernant la correspondance entre la théorie des matroïdes et un problème de thermodynamique chimique. La seconde partie, en anglais, présente un exposé en congrès illustrant sur des exemples l’apport du concept d’affigraphie (Guy et Pla, 1997) et de la théorie des matroïdes orientés à la compréhension de la structure qualitative des diagrammes de phases : les orientations des divers sous-ensembles du matroïde E (espace chimique) entraînent celles du matroïde orthogonal ou dual E* (diagrammes de phases). On retrouve les lois de Schreinemakers. Quelques directions de recherche sont indiquées.

Tema rada predstavlja život i djelo mističarke Anne Katharine Emmerick, polazeći od samih povijesnih događaja koja su se zbivala u razdoblju njezina rođenja i djelovanja. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati koliko nam je uistinu mistika važna za kršćanski život, a sve kroz osobnost A. K. Emmerick i njezino sutrpljenje s Kristom. Mistika je onaj dio duhovnog bogoslovlja koji se bavi oblicima ulivene kontemplacije. Mistika je intimna spoznaja transcedentalnog svijeta. Mistik je sjedinjen s Bogom po nadnaravnom gledanju i iskustvu, oslobođen od svojih ograničenosti i uzdignut nad sama sebe. Mistično doživljavanje A. K. Emmerick je puni rascvat milosng života u kršćanskoj duši. Ovaj rad je struktuiran u tri poglavlja u kojima donosimo prikaz mistike i mističnog djelovanja A. K. Emmerick. U prvom poglavlju obrađeno je povijesno razdoblje 18. i 19. stoljeća. Drugo poglavlje predstavlja i govori općenito o mistici, njezinim definicijama i o mnogostrukostima razumijevanja mističnoga. Posljednje, treće poglavlje predstavlja život A. K. Emmerick polazeći od njezina odrastanja, odlaska u samostan te njezina djelovanja za Crkvu. The theme of work is the life and work of mysticist Anne Katharine Emmerick, starting from the very historical events that took place during her birth and activity. The aim of this paper is to point out how truly mystic is really important for Christian life, all through the personality of A. K. Emmerick and her sympathy with Christ. Mysticism is that part of the spiritual theology that deals with forms of liturgical contemplation. Mysticism is an intimate knowledge of the transcendental world. The mystic is united with God by supernatural perception and experience, free from its limitations and elevated to itself. The mystical experience of A. K. Emmerick is a full blown milosng of life in the Christian soul. This work is structured into three chapters in which we portray the mystic and mystical action of A. K. Emmerick. The first chapter deals with the historical period of the 18th and 19th centuries. The second chapter introduces and speaks in general about mystics, its definitions, and the manifold of mystical understanding. The last, third chapter represents the life of A.K. Emmerick, starting with her growing up, going to the monastery and her activities for the Church.

2011/2012 La tesi pubblica i risultati del censimento dei segni critici presenti nel papiro ercolanese 1004, contenente il settimo libro della Retorica di Filodemo di Gadara. L’introduzione è dedicata a una riflessione sull’importanza filologica e documentaria dei segni attestati nei papiri greco-egizi ed ercolanesi, a cui ha fatto da contraltare, per lungo tempo, la scarsa attenzione degli studiosi, il cui interesse primario era lo studio critico del testo tramandato. Il capitolo I offre una presentazione a tutto tondo del PHerc. 1004: del papiro viene offerta una descrizione tecnica (dimensioni del rotolo, tipologia libraria, paleografia) e contenutistica (struttura del libro e organizzazione del contenuto), a cui si accompagna una rassegna dei principali studi di cui il rotolo è stato oggetto negli oltre duecento anni trascorsi dalla data del suo svolgimento a oggi. Il capitolo II riassume i risultati del censimento dei segni in due serie di tabelle: la prima, denominata ‘tabella per colonna’, presenta i dati organizzati in ordine topografico progressivo, a partire dai frammenti fino all’ultima colonna del rotolo; la seconda serie di tabelle, invece, ordina i risultati ‘per segno’, in modo da offrire uno strumento di consultazione più rapido a chi sia interessato a una ricognizione dei segni presenti nel papiro in base alla loro tipologia. Il capitolo III espone in maniera discorsiva i risultati della ricerca: per ogni tipologia di segno riscontrata (paragraphos, spatium, paragraphos associata a spatium, diplé obelismene, stigmai, segni di correzione) vengono offerti una rapida descrizione e, successivamente, una casistica delle occorrenze più significative. Il testo delle colonne prese in esame per illustrare il valore dei segni è stato sempre controllato autopticamente, con l’ausilio delle immagini multispettrali; nel caso in cui l’autopsia abbia dato risultati diversi rispetto alle edizioni di riferimento, se ne è dato conto nell’apparato critico che accompagna alcune colonne. Le conclusioni, infine, riassumono in un’ottica complessiva i dati emersi dal censimento. La maggior parte dei segni è stata rilevata per la prima volta nel corso di questa ricerca: il miglioramento è stato possibile anche grazie all’impiego delle immagini multispettrali, che hanno permesso di evidenziare con maggiore chiarezza tracce di scrittura prima invisibili a causa della carbonizzazione subita dal rotolo e dello sbiadimento subito dall’inchiostro. I risultati emersi dallo studio consentono di identificare il PHerc. 1004 come un prodotto librario di buona qualità, destinato alla consultazione da parte di Filodemo stesso e dei suoi seguaci riuniti nel circolo epicureo di Ercolano. XXV Ciclo 1985

Polazeći od definicije stigmi kao rana koje se, povremeno ili trajno, manifestiraju u stanovitim slučajevima ekstaze slijedom imitacije odabranog modela trpnje (Isus, Muhamed i dr.), ovaj rad analizira fenomenologiju stigmatizacije na nekoliko najpoznatijih povijesnih ili aktualnih primjera: Franjo Asiški, kao prvi stigmatik uopće; Katarina Sijenska, jedina osim Franje Asiškog čijim je stigmama Crkva priznala nadnaravnost; Rita iz Cascie (XIV. st.); Marie de Mörl (1812.–1868.) iz Tirola; Belgijanka Louise Lateau (1850.–1883.); Izabele Hendricks (1844.–1874.), koja je umrla od iskrvarenja; Gemma Galgani (1878.–1903.), koja je na sebi otkrivala osim stigmi i tragove bičevanja; Bavarka Therese Neumann (1898.–1962.), o kojoj je vjerojatno najviše pisano; popularni propovjednik otac Pio iz Pietrelcine (1887.– 1968.); Giulio Massa (r. 1970.) iz Montecorvina kod Salerna, nazvan već “ocem Piom XXI. stoljeća”, koji u ekstazi progovara aramejski; i prvi hrvatski stigmatik, Zlatko Sudac (r. 1971.). Na temelju razmatranja starijih i novijih tumačenja fenomena stigmi, predlaže se njihovo preciznije određenje kao stihijskih, izoliranih slučajeva lokalizirane deautonomizacije utjecanja na površinsko krvožilje, posredovanih izmjenom svijesti te se ukazuje na potencijalne goleme probitke koje bi medicina priskrbila iznalaženjem pravilnosti i metoda kojima bi se ovaj postupak izvodio kontrolirano, pri punoj svijesti, bez vanjske pomoći i na bilo kojemu mjestu na tijelu., Departing from the definition of the stigmata as the wounds which, temporarely or permanently, manifest in some cases of extasy following a selected model of suffering (Jesus, Mohammed etc.), the present paper analyzes the phenomenology of stigmatization on several most famous historical and actual examples: Francis of Assisi, as the first stigmatized at all; Catherine of Siena, the only one beside Francis whose stigmata have been recognized by the Church as supernatural; Rita of Cascia (14th c.); Marie de Mörl (1812-1868) from Tirol; the Belgian Louise Lateau (1850-1883); Izabele Hendricks (1844-1874), who died from bleeding; Gemma Galgani (1878-1903), who presented stigmata and the traces of flagellation; the Bavarian Therese Neumann (1898-1962), of whom probabely the most has been written; the popular mendicant father Pio from Pietrelcina (1887-1968); Giulio Massa (b. 1970) from Montecorvino near Salerno, already known as the “Father Pio of the 21st century,” who speeks out in Aramaic during extasy; and the first Croatian stigmatized, Zlatko Sudac (b. 1971). Considering some older and more recent interpretations of the stigmata, a more precise definition of that phenomenon is suggested. Acording to it, the stigmata might be considered spontaneous, isolated cases of the localized deautonomization of influence upon superficial blood vessels, mediated by altered consciousness. Pointed out are the potential enormous benefits which medicine might provide by finding out the regularity and methods by which that phenomenon would be initiated in a controlled way, at full consciousness, without external help and at any place on the body.

Polazeći od definicije stigmi kao rana koje se, povremeno ili trajno, manifestiraju u stanovitim slučajevima ekstaze slijedom imitacije odabranog modela trpnje (Isus, Muhamed i dr.), ovaj rad analizira fenomenologiju stigmatizacije na nekoliko najpoznatijih povijesnih ili aktualnih primjera: Franjo Asiški, kao prvi stigmatik uopće; Katarina Sijenska, jedina osim Franje Asiškog čijim je stigmama Crkva priznala nadnaravnost; Rita iz Cascie (XIV. st.); Marie de Mörl (1812.–1868.) iz Tirola; Belgijanka Louise Lateau (1850.–1883.); Izabele Hendricks (1844.–1874.), koja je umrla od iskrvarenja; Gemma Galgani (1878.–1903.), koja je na sebi otkrivala osim stigmi i tragove bičevanja; Bavarka Therese Neumann (1898.–1962.), o kojoj je vjerojatno najviše pisano; popularni propovjednik otac Pio iz Pietrelcine (1887.– 1968.); Giulio Massa (r. 1970.) iz Montecorvina kod Salerna, nazvan već “ocem Piom XXI. stoljeća”, koji u ekstazi progovara aramejski; i prvi hrvatski stigmatik, Zlatko Sudac (r. 1971.). Na temelju razmatranja starijih i novijih tumačenja fenomena stigmi, predlaže se njihovo preciznije određenje kao stihijskih, izoliranih slučajeva lokalizirane deautonomizacije utjecanja na površinsko krvožilje, posredovanih izmjenom svijesti te se ukazuje na potencijalne goleme probitke koje bi medicina priskrbila iznalaženjem pravilnosti i metoda kojima bi se ovaj postupak izvodio kontrolirano, pri punoj svijesti, bez vanjske pomoći i na bilo kojemu mjestu na tijelu., Departing from the definition of the stigmata as the wounds which, temporarely or permanently, manifest in some cases of extasy following a selected model of suffering (Jesus, Mohammed etc.), the present paper analyzes the phenomenology of stigmatization on several most famous historical and actual examples: Francis of Assisi, as the first stigmatized at all; Catherine of Siena, the only one beside Francis whose stigmata have been recognized by the Church as supernatural; Rita of Cascia (14th c.); Marie de Mörl (1812-1868) from Tirol; the Belgian Louise Lateau (1850-1883); Izabele Hendricks (1844-1874), who died from bleeding; Gemma Galgani (1878-1903), who presented stigmata and the traces of flagellation; the Bavarian Therese Neumann (1898-1962), of whom probabely the most has been written; the popular mendicant father Pio from Pietrelcina (1887-1968); Giulio Massa (b. 1970) from Montecorvino near Salerno, already known as the “Father Pio of the 21st century,” who speeks out in Aramaic during extasy; and the first Croatian stigmatized, Zlatko Sudac (b. 1971). Considering some older and more recent interpretations of the stigmata, a more precise definition of that phenomenon is suggested. Acording to it, the stigmata might be considered spontaneous, isolated cases of the localized deautonomization of influence upon superficial blood vessels, mediated by altered consciousness. Pointed out are the potential enormous benefits which medicine might provide by finding out the regularity and methods by which that phenomenon would be initiated in a controlled way, at full consciousness, without external help and at any place on the body.