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Inspired by the strong adhesion of mussels, basalt fibers (BFs) were modified with polydopamine and then composited with nylon 6. The effect of polydopamine content on the interfacial interactions and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. In addition, silica nanoparticles were grown on the surface of polydopamine‐modified BFs to investigate the synergistic effect. The study revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on polydopamine‐modified BF were gradually enhanced with the increase of the dopamine coverage concentration, and gradually decreased after reaching the peak. 0.5 g/L concentration of dopamine solution modified BFs showed the best enhancement effect on nylon 6, and its tensile strength could reach 133.1 MPa, which was 28.5% higher than that of the unmodified composites. The tensile strength of the composites modified with both dopamine and silica nanoparticles reached 157 MPa, which was 51.7% higher than that of the unmodified composites. In addition, scanning electron microscope images of fracture sections confirmed the strong interfacial interaction between BF and PA6. Highlights: The surface roughness of BF was increased by nano‐SiO2.Hydrogen bonding was formed between PDA and PA6.Physical interlock was formed between nano‐SiO2 and PA6.Tensile strength increased by 51.7% with both nano‐SiO2 and PDA.Stronger interfacial interaction leads to higher thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inherent in humans is the capacity to perceive music and art, engaging both the visual and auditory senses, with profound effects on physiological and psychological states. Sound and light possess the remarkable ability to transform into thermal energy and, ultimately, electrical signals, playing a crucial role in human sensory perception. This research introduces a previously unmentioned synesthesia‐inspired image and sound recognition system, diverging from conventional image/sound acquisition techniques based on photo/mechanical‐electrical conversion. Leveraging the photo/acoustic‐thermal‐electric effects, the system utilizes micro‐/commercial thermoelectric devices as a conduit for energy conversion. It successfully discriminates monochromatic red, green, blue (RGB) and color coverage, showcasing its proficiency in distinguishing ten digital paintings. Additionally, by probing fiber responses to varied sound frequencies and loudness levels, the system achieves time‐domain identification of four classical music compositions. The device exhibits high sensitivity to detecting input energy and its inputting rate power, offering a novel approach to image and sound recognition through thermal signals. Potential applications span from bionic image sensors and time‐domain thermal monitoring of audio. With further exploration, this thermoelectric‐based system holds promise in quantifying emotional responses to images and sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the artificial intelligence technology development boom, large language models are demonstrating their potential in comprehension and creativity. Large language models such as GPT-4 and Gemini have been able to powerfully study for various professional-level exams. However, as a language model itself, its powerful comprehension can only be reflected in text sequences. Currently, although videos can be generated through the connection between 3D point clouds and large language models, there is currently no prompt project that directly interacts with one-dimensional through attribute calculation results. The point cloud data is also rich in information that can support various tasks of urban construction. For scene-level point cloud data, there has been a lot of research done on semantic segmentation, target detection, and other tasks. However, it is usually difficult to provide direct help to scene construction from the perception results. This paper presents a method for applying large language models to urban ecological construction by combining the results of 3D point cloud semantic segmentation. The objective is to integrate the prior knowledge and creative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) within urban development with the outcomes derived from point cloud semantic segmentation results. This integration aims to establish an interactive point cloud intelligent analysis system, tailored for aiding decision-making processes in urban ecological civilization construction, thus presenting innovative perspectives for the advancement of smart city development. • Chat3D, a large model for interactive large 3D scene understanding to urban ecological construction based on prompt engineering. • Utilizing thought chains, different levels of prompts input improve the completeness and credibility of report generation. • Experiments show that Chat3D accurately predicts urban environmental indices, assesses urban ecological risks, and benefits sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Li-rich layered oxides cathodes (LLOs) as the promising next-generation cathode materials can provide ultrahigh capacity and energy density due to their distinctive anionic redox chemistry. Unfortunately, severe interfacial side reactions, surface structural degradation and sluggish Li+ kinetics have resulted in low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), capacity decay and poor rate performance, restricting their practical applications for high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries. Herein, Surface structure regulation strategy used as surface modified agent is proposed to activate the anionic redox chemistry via ammonium tungstate treatment. Experimental results showcase that dual coating layer spinel-like structure LiMn 2 O 4 and Li 2 WO 4 have been successfully constructed on the surface of LLOs. The surface spinel-like structure providing 3 D Li+ diffusion channels together with fast-ion conductive layer decrease the interfacial Li+ diffusion barrier and boost the fasting Li+ kinetics. In addition, the in-situ reconstruction layer can further alleviate the interfacial side reactions and reinforce the surface structural stability. As a result, the ICE of modified LLOs can be precisely increased from 74.71 % to 107.42 % with the adjustment of ammonium tungstate usage. Moreover, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 279.5 mAh/g at 0.1 C, as well as excellent rate capability with capacity of 147.2 mAh/g at 5 C. This work provides a significant reference for designing high-energy–density LLOs via surface structure regulation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils are generally operated in a closed-loop persistent current mode, which is crucial for ensuring long-term stability and minimizing heat generation in various applications. However, factors such as joint resistance, flux creep, and losses due to external fields can lead to accelerated decay of the coil's current, making it challenging to achieve an effective persistent current mode. To gain insight into the current decay characteristics of HTS coils, we built a finite element method based model coupled with a lumped parameter electric circuit model. The model is initially verified against the experiment of an inductive magnetized HTS coil subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the tape surface. The results indicate that the proposed model is highly effective in predicting the current decay behavior of this magnetized HTS coil and is able to provide high accuracy. With the help of this model, we have experimentally and numerically studied the behavior of a current-carrying closed-loop HTS coil subject to external alternating fields. The HTS coil is charged by a DC power supply and then shorted using a thermally-controlled persistent current switch. The current decay behavior of the HTS coil is examined under various scenarios. The simulation results show excellent agreement with experimental data, further validating the effectiveness and versatility of the modeling strategy. The influence of both local and global screening currents on the current decay performance of the closed-loop HTS coils has been investigated. For every case examined, rapid demagnetization occurred in the initial cycle of the applied alternating field. Furthermore, the current decay rate demonstrated a slight dependence on the frequency of the applied fields. Additionally, the resulting resistance has been thoroughly characterized. These insights contribute to the knowledge of the behavior and performance of closed-loop HTS coils, facilitating their practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-based amorphous alloys are an eco-friendly alternative to Ni- and Co-based amorphous alloys, which are not sustainable. Herein, amorphous Fe–P alloys were electrodeposited from an eco-friendly aqueous electrolyte. The influence of bath temperature on the electrochemical behaviour during Fe–P alloy deposition was investigated using linear-sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. The morphology, P content and phase structure were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical corrosion behaviour in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves and EIS spectra. The results showed that an increase in bath temperature leads to a positive shift in the inductive co-deposition potential and increases the reaction rate. At bath temperatures of 20–60°C, the P content in deposits varied in the range of 17.07–21.13 wt% and the phase structure was amorphous. Although the amorphous alloys lacked crystalline defects, the P content had a marginal effect on the corrosion properties, whereas the surface morphology significantly influenced the corrosion properties. The amorphous Fe–P alloys fabricated in this study exhibit superior corrosion properties to almost all electrodeposited amorphous alloys reported in the literature, demonstrating their potential for corrosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) holds greater diagnostic and prognostic value than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the heart failure (HF) patients. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serves as a reliable surrogate for insulin resistance (IR) and is strongly associated with several adverse cardiovascular events. However, there remains a research gap concerning the correlation between the TyG index and GLS among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Method: 427 CHF patients were included in the final analysis. Patient demographic information, along with laboratory tests such as blood glucose, lipids profiles, and echocardiographic data were collected. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dL)/2]. Results: Among CHF patients, GLS was notably lower in the higher TyG index group compared to the lower TyG index group. Following adjustment for confounding factors, GLS demonstrated gradual decrease with increasing TyG index, regardless of the LVEF level and CHF classification. Conclusion: Elevated TyG index may be independently associated with more severe clinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted immense interest as solution‐processable optical signal‐capturing devices due to their various advantages, such as adjustable response range, excellent weak light response, lightweight, flexibility, and ease of processing on diverse substrates. Low dark current density (Jd) and high responsivity (R) are key requirements necessary for achieving a high specific detectivity (D*). Here, an effective strategy for preparing high‐performance OPDs with potential micro p‐i‐n structure by introducing insulating poly(aryl ether) (PAEN) into the organic photosensitive layer is reported. The PM6:PC71BM‐based OPDs are capable of significantly suppressing Jd while increasing R, which can be attributed to the multiple optimizations of morphology and charge transport caused by the addition of PAEN. As a result, the value of Jd (3.63 × 10−10 A cm−2) is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the device without PAEN (1.00 × 10−8 A cm−2) at −1 V bias. Combined with the increased R of 0.376 A W−1, the optimized device achieves a high D*of 3.45 × 1013 Jones (−1 V at 620 nm). The optimized OPDs demonstrate high performance that is comparable to commercial Si photodetectors (Hamamatsu S1133), paving the way for the direct market development of this cost‐effective organic photodetection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-consistent chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion ∂tn + u ⋅∇n = ∇⋅ (nm−1∇n) −∇⋅ (n∇c) + ∇⋅ (n∇ϕ), ∂tc + u ⋅∇c = Δc − nc, ∂tu + (u ⋅∇)u + ∇P = Δu − n∇ϕ + n∇c, ∇⋅u = 0 is considered in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ2 with smooth boundary. Compared to the previously most-studied chemotaxis-fluid system proposed in [I. Tuval, L. Cisneros, C. Dombrowski, C. W. Wolgemuth, J. O. Kessler and R. E. Goldstein, Bacterial swimming and oxygen transport near contact lines, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102 (2005) 2277–2282], the coupling in this system is stronger and more nonlinear. When the system is accompanied by homogeneous boundary conditions of no-flux type for n and c, and of Dirichlet type for u, a quasi-Lyapunov structure provides sufficient regularity features to facilitate a basic existence theory. However, if we change the boundary condition of the signal to c = c⋆(x,t),x ∈ ∂Ω, t > 0, with a given non-negative function c⋆ ∈C2(Ω̄ × [0,∞)), then the Dirichlet boundary condition imposed here seems to destroy the quasi-Lyapunov structure. Despite this, we shall find a new energy structure and prove that for suitably regular initial data, the assumption m > 1 is sufficient for the global existence and boundedness of the weak solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the global well-posedness problem of the self-consistent chemotaxis-fluid system involving Dirichlet boundary conditions for the signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] As ideal and smart stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators, artificial muscles, etc., liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can respond to external stimuli, including heat, light, electricity, magnetism, humidity, etc., and make corresponding deformations. Among these external stimuli, magnetic stimulus is featured by remote and contactless control, fast, precise, extremely strong penetration, safe, easy tunability, and so on. By doping magnetic nanoparticles into LCEs, their actuation and motion can be triggered by magnetic fields or forces untetheredly, remotely, and highly precisely. Therefore, the magnetic nanoparticles endow LCEs with magneto-responsiveness, opening doors to LCEs for many unique potential uses, such as magnetic read-out, magnetic valves, magnetic switches, and so on. This review summarizes recent advances in magneto-responsive LCE nanocomposites. Their fabrication is comprehensively discussed. New properties of magneto-responsive LCEs brought by magnetic nanoparticles are also thoroughly reviewed. Their promising applications are subsequently summarized and explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes: Due to the morphological diversity of deformities, technical difficulties, improperly designed components, and so on, THA remains a challenging task in dysplastic hips, especially in highly dislocated hips. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted THA in patients with DDH through a large cohort study, including the precision of acetabular cup positioning, indicators of inflammatory response, indicators of muscle damage, and complications. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with DDH who underwent THA in our prospectively constructed joint registry between August 2018 and August 2022. Finally, 147 manual THAs and 147 robotic-assisted THAs were included in the final analysis. Patient demographics, indicators of inflammation, indicators of muscle damage, operative time, Harris hip scores (HHS), and forgotten joint score (FJS) were recorded for analysis. The precision of the positioning of the acetabular component was assessed with plain radiographs. Results: In the Crowe II/III groups, the reconstructed center of rotation (COR) in the robotic-assisted group was closer to the anatomical COR with less variation than the manual group (absolute horizontal distances of COR 3.5 ± 2.8 vs. 5.4 ± 4.9 mm, p < 0.05; absolute vertical distances of COR 6.4 ± 4.1 vs. 11.7 ± 8.2 mm, p = 0.001). For all Crowe subtypes, the robotic-assisted THA significantly increased the proportion of acetabular cups located in the safety zone within 5° (all p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 and creatine kinase levels were slightly lower and significantly different in the robotic-assisted group at three days postoperatively (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to the manual technique, the robot-assisted technique improved the precision and reproducibility of acetabular component positioning, particularly in DDH patients with Crowe types II/III. The robotic-assisted technique did not increase operative time, bleeding, complications, or revision rates, and had a slighter early inflammatory response and muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of dumpsites have been built to stockpile a large amount of construction solid waste (CSW) during urbanization. Physical vulnerability assessment to CSW landslides plays a critical role in evaluating the safety risk of the potentially affected buildings. A catastrophic CSW landslide occurred in Shenzhen, China, in December 2015, which directly destroyed 75 buildings along the travel path. In this study, based on the statistical fundamental information of the damaged buildings and the reproduced motion process of the landslide using numerical modeling, both simulation-based progressive destruction process characterization and statistical-based analyses of the relationships between intensity data and vulnerability indexes are comprehensively performed to quantify the physical vulnerability of the damaged buildings, identify the failure models, and determine critical factors for controlling the building damages subjected to the Shenzhen CSW landslide. A typical vertical continuous collapse model due to the bending failure of the bottom column and the upward extension of the plastic hinge area is observed in the established single-frame structure under a set of impact pressure data. The occurrence of building failures close to the time of peak impact pressures controlled by the dynamic pressure indicated by velocity, along with the recorded flow velocity and impact pressure data exceeding the corresponding threshold values for all affected buildings, both suggest that flow velocity and impact pressure indicators are more appropriate for quantifying the vulnerability of buildings exposed to high-mobility CSW landslides. The conclusions could help CSW dumpsite stakeholders to better perform risk assessment and mitigate hazard propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) has shown its effectiveness in handling multi-geoinformation. Yet, the black-box nature of ML algorithms has restricted their widespread adoption in the domain of mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). In this paper, methods for interpreting ML model predictions are introduced to aid ML-based MPM, with the goal of extracting richer insights from the ML modeling of an exploration geochemical dataset. The partial dependence plot (PDP) and accumulated local effect (ALE) plot, along with the SHAP value analysis, were utilized to demonstrate the application of random forest (RF) modeling within both regression and classification frameworks. Initially, the random forest regression (RFR) model established the relationship between the concentrations of Au and those of elements such as As, Sb, and Hg in the study area, and from this model, the most important geochemical elements and their quantitative relationships with Au were revealed by their contributions in the modeling through PDP and ALE analyses. Secondly, the RF classification modeling established the relationships of mineralization occurrences (i.e., known mineral deposits) with geochemical elements (i.e., Au, As, Sb, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ag), as did RFR modeling. The most important geochemical elements for indicating regional Au mineralization and the trajectories of PDP and ALE reached a consensus that As and Sb contributed the most, both in the regression and classification modeling, with regard to Au mineralization. Finally, the SHAP values illustrated the behavior of the training samples (i.e., known mineral deposits) in RF modeling, and the resulting prospectivity map was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic imbalance in aneuploidy is often detrimental to organisms. To gain insight into the molecular basis of aneuploidies in humans, we analyzed transcriptome data from several autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies. The results showed that in human aneuploid cells, genes located on unvaried chromosomes are inversely or proportionally trans-modulated, while a subset of genes on the varied chromosomes are compensated. Less genome-wide modulation is found for sex chromosome aneuploidy compared with autosomal aneuploidy due to X inactivation and the retention of dosage sensitive regulators on both sex chromosomes to limit the effective dosage change. We also found that lncRNA and mRNA can have different responses to aneuploidy. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between dosage-sensitive transcription factors and their targets, which illustrated the modulations and indicates genomic imbalance is related to stoichiometric changes in components of gene regulatory complexes.In summary, this study demonstrates the existence of trans-acting effects and compensation mechanisms in human aneuploidies and contributes to our understanding of gene expression regulation in unbalanced genomes and disease states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinically, most patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are male, and several direct and indirect mechanisms may underlie this increased susceptibility in men, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is considered to be the primary etiological agent responsible for KS. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that men are more susceptible to HHV-8 infection, leading to a higher incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma among males. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between gender and HHV-8 seropositivity in the general population. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using 6 online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Studies published before March 15, 2023, were included. Results: In all, 33 articles including 41 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the included adult population. men had a higher risk of HHV-8 infection than did women in adult populations from all over the world (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.15), but no differences were found in child population from all over the world (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79–1.01). There was a significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevalence between men and women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) adult population (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26). However, no significant differences were observed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) child population (OR: 0.90, 95%CI 0.78–1.03). As for other continents, the results showed no significant difference, such as the Asian population (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.92–1.16). or the European and American populations (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.87–1.17). Conclusion: There was a slight gender disparity for HHV-8 infection in the adult population. Among the adult populations from SSA and globally, men were more likely to be infected with HHV-8 than were women. However, no statistical significance was observed in the child populations from SSA and globally. In the future, the inclusion of more standardized studies may strengthen the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating self‐trapped excitons (STEs), dopants, and defect levels in a single‐component metal halide perovskite will be of significance for tunable multimode luminescence and photochromism. Here, a platform utilizing interactions of STEs, defects, and alien dopants in CsCdCl3 by a heterovalent doping strategy is demonstrated, in which the photoluminescence quantum efficiency is improved, and more importantly, the emissions can be manipulated statically and dynamically by dopants and changing excitation wavelength/irradiation time. Meanwhile, the presence of carrier trapping and de‐trapping processes leads to bright orange–near‐infrared persistent luminescence and photochromic behaviors, which can be quickly erased by white light, enabling visual displays and codable in dark and bright dual‐fields. Inspired by these versatile optical characteristics of doped luminescent metal halides, a multilevel encryption and anti‐counterfeiting platform with the advantages of nondestructive and convenient authentication is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper designs and optimizes a new structure hybrid material B‐pillar assembly. Establish a finite element analysis model for the side impact test of an electric vehicle to verify the model's accuracy. Construct a finite element model of the hybrid material B‐pillar assembly. Combined with the static performance analysis of the B‐pillar, the laminate design of the carbon fiber composite B‐pillar reinforcement plate and optimization. For the outer and inner panels of the B‐pillar, the surrogate model method and the multiobjective optimization method are combined to set 11 design variables and 13 responses. The optimal Latin hypercube design method was used to randomly sample each design variable and fit the radial basis function (RBF) approximate model. The modified second‐generation non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (MNSGA‐II) was used to carry out multiobjective optimization of the mixed material B‐pillar assembly, and the multicriteria decision‐making method was used to obtain the optimal solution for the Pareto solution set. A drop weight impact test was performed on the hybrid material B‐pillar assembly. The results showed that the peak collision force of the hybrid material B‐pillar was reduced by 43.7% compared with the original steel B‐pillar, the specific energy absorption was increased by 17.5%, and the side impact safety performance was better. After optimization, the weight of the mixed material B‐column was reduced by 26.44%. The improvement rates of the intrusion amount at P2 and the intrusion speed at P1 were 23.99% and 0.63%, respectively, and the lightweight effect and side impact safety were significantly improved. Highlights: The finite element analysis parameters of carbon fiber composite materials were constructed through experiments, and the basis for simulation analysis under various working conditions of the B‐pillar based on performance‐driven optimization was established.A hybrid material B‐pillar design method is proposed, which consists of a variable‐thickness high‐strength steel B‐pillar outer plate, a variable‐thickness high‐strength steel B‐pillar inner plate, and a carbon fiber composite B‐pillar reinforcement plate.The super layer of the carbon fiber composite B‐pillar reinforcement plate was optimized and the laying plan of the carbon fiber composite B‐pillar reinforcement plate was determined.Performance‐driven optimization is adopted to realize the collaboration of multilevel design and optimization methods such as B‐pillar conceptual design, detailed design, and multiobjective optimization.A modified NSGA‐II algorithm was proposed and combined with the multicriteria decision‐making method and the entropy‐weighted gray relation analysis method to determine the Pareto optimal solution and the optimal design scheme for the mixed material B‐pillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the interior sound quality of Electric Vehicles (EV), solve the problem of low sense of power and comfort of the interior sound as well as the large electromagnetic excitation order noise of motor and the sharp interior sound, this article designs a dynamic active sound control system for EV under accelerated driving conditions. Firstly, by comparing and analyzing the sound spectrum characteristics of fuel vehicle (FV) and EV during acceleration, a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is adopted to extract and synthesize the engine sound. Secondly, the influence of the engine order composition and the energy distribution in the frequency domain on the sound quality of the vehicle is analyzed, and an active control system for sound quality is proposed. And the software and hardware development of the active control sound system is completed. Finally, through real-vehicle testing and verification, the sense of comfort and power of the EV interior sound has been greatly improved during acceleration, and the total value of interior sound can meet the requirement. The sound pressure level and loudness of interior sound have been increased, and the sharpness of the sound inside the vehicle has been improved, with a maximum reduction of 1.0acum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported a highly efficient electrochemical immunosensor utilizing chitosan–graphene nanosheets (CS-GNs) nanocomposites for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in corn samples. The CS-GNs nanocomposites, serving as a modifying layer, provide a significant specific surface area and biocompatibility, thereby enhancing both the electron transfer rate and the efficiency of antibody immobilization. The electrochemical characterization was conducted utilizing both differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the antibody concentration, pH, antibody immobilization time, and immunoreaction time, were optimized. The results showed that the current change ( Δ I ) before and after the immunoreaction demonstrated a strong linear relationship ( R 2 = 0.990 ) with the AFB1 concentration, as well as good specificity and stability. The linear range extended from 0.05 to 25 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.021 ng/mL ( S / N = 3 ). The immunosensor exhibited a recovery rate ranging from 97.3% to 101.4% in corn samples, showing a promising performance using an efficient method, and indicating a remarkable prospect for the detection of fungal toxins in grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally induced volumetric strain of clay is crucial for geotechnical applications involving thermal loading. The volumetric response of clay shows a ratcheting pattern during thermal cycles until reaching a thermal stabilized state. It is also affected by the stress history of soil, including over‐consolidation ratio (OCR) and recent stress history (RSH). This paper introduces a new bounding surface model to capture effects of OCR and RSH on thermo‐mechanical behaviour of soil. A thermal state parameter is proposed to characterize the effects of stress history and thermal history. Based on the new thermal state parameter, the commonly recognised thermal softening mechanism is modified and incorporated with a bounding surface. The newly proposed model, with only 10 parameters, can provide an elegant approach to predict the volumetric response under thermal cycles coupled with different stress histories well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four-component of double-layer infinite coordination polymer (ICP) nanocomposites were formulated. Lot of high efficiency synergies among four components have been identified, revealing combinations with remarkably low combination index (CI) values, forming a powerful electrothermal-thermodynamic-multi-chemo trimodal synergistic therapy for large tumors.This approach has an tumor inhibition rate of 100 % in 16 days and no tumor recurrence within 60 days. [Display omitted] Multimodal /components tumors synergistic therapy is a crucial approach for enhancing comprehensive efficacy. Our research has identified lots of high efficiency synergies among four suitable components, revealing combinations with remarkably low combination index (CI) values (10-3-10-8). These combinations hold promise for large tumor powerful electrothermal-thermodynamic-multi-chemo trimodal therapy. To implement this approach, we developed four-component of double-layer infinite coordination polymer (ICP) nanocomposites, in which hypoxia-activated AQ4N and thermodynamic agent AIPH coordinated with Cu(Ⅱ) to form initial layer of positively charged ICPs-l NPs, chemotherapeutic agents gossypol-hyaluronic acid (G-HA) and CA4 coordinated with Fe(Ⅲ) to form out layer of negatively charged ICPs-2 NPs, then double-layer infinite coordination polymer nanocomposites (ICPs-1@ICPs-2 CNPs) were fabricated by electrostatic adsorption using ICPs-l NPs and ICPs-2 NPs. Cell experiments have extensively optimized the coordination combinations of the four components and the composition of the two layers. A programmable three-stage therapeutic procedure, assisted by a micro-electrothermal needle (MEN), was developed. Under this procedure the resulting nanocomposites demonstrate the powerful trimodal comprehensive therapeutic outcomes for large tumors using lower components dosage, achieving a tumor inhibition rate nearly reaching 100 % and no recurrence for 60 days. This study offers remarkable potential for tumor multimodal /components synergistic therapy in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the advantages of non-toxicity, high chemical stability, high activity and low cost, TiO2 is deemed as ideal material for photocatalytic degradation. However, due to its relatively high band-gap energy, anatase TiO2 can only absorb UV light and light with higher energy. In this work, the anatase TiO2 particles were decorated with two organic photosensitizers hemin and eosin Y. The morphology and chemical structure of the composites were verified by SEM, XRD patterns and Raman spectra, the light absorption ability and generation of free radicals were also investigated. The band-gap energy of TiO2, hemin/TiO2 and EY/TiO2 were found to be 2.82 eV, 0.72 eV and 0.95 eV, respectively. Additionally, absorption of more visible light and generation of more superoxide radicals were achieved after decoration of photosensitizers. Consequently, the photocatalytic degradation activity was largely improved, when the TiO2 particles was decorated with 3% of hemin, the degradation rate of methyl blue reached 76.89% and 63.82% in 120 min under UV light and visible light, respectively, which were 1.86 and 1.84 times that of neat TiO2. Comparatively, the ferric ions in hemin may capture the electrons generated by TiO2 and then deliver the electrons to oxygen to generate more superoxide radicals, thus hemin/TiO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic degradation activity than EY/TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of previous surgical termination of pregnancy (STP) on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing FET cycles of IVF/ICSI. Retrospective cohort study. Reproductive Center of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Lianyungang city. Data were selected from all IVF/ICSI FET cycles performed between January 2014 and December 2020. A total of 761 cycles met the criteria were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Secondary outcome measures were biochemical pregnancy rate, spontaneous abortion rate, and preterm birth rate. After adjustments for a series of potential confounding factors, the previous STP was an influential factor in reducing FET cycle clinical pregnancy rate compared with women who had not previously undergone STP (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.413–0.911, P = 0.016). The effect of the previous STP on the live birth rate was not statistically significant. (OR = 0.745, 95% CI 0.495–1.122, P = 0.159). Also, an increase in the number of previous STPs relative to only 1-time abortion was an independent risk factor in reducing clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate (OR = 0.399,95% CI 0.162–0.982, p = 0.046; OR = 0.32,95% CI 0.119–0.857, p = 0.023). Previous STP was an independent factor contributing to the decline in FET cycle clinical pregnancy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spreading depolarization (SD) is one of the most common neuropathologic phenomena in the nervous system, relating to numerous diseases. However, real‐time monitoring the rapid chemical changes during SD to probe the molecular mechanism remains a great challenge. We develop a potentiometric dual‐channel microsensor for simultaneous monitoring of H2S and pH featuring excellent selectivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Using this microsensor we first observe real time changes of H2S and pH in the rat brain induced by SD. This changes of H2S are completely suppressed when the rat pre‐treats with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a blocker to inhibit the H2S‐producing enzyme, indicating H2S fluctuation might be related to enzyme‐dependent pathway during SD and less pH‐dependent. This study provides a new perspective for studying the function of H2S and the molecular basis of SD‐associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spreading depolarization (SD) is one of the most common neuropathologic phenomena in the nervous system, relating to numerous diseases. However, real‐time monitoring the rapid chemical changes during SD to probe the molecular mechanism remains a great challenge. We develop a potentiometric dual‐channel microsensor for simultaneous monitoring of H2S and pH featuring excellent selectivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Using this microsensor we first observe real time changes of H2S and pH in the rat brain induced by SD. This changes of H2S are completely suppressed when the rat pre‐treats with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a blocker to inhibit the H2S‐producing enzyme, indicating H2S fluctuation might be related to enzyme‐dependent pathway during SD and less pH‐dependent. This study provides a new perspective for studying the function of H2S and the molecular basis of SD‐associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak fault detection is still a hotspot in these years. The key of this work is to enhance the ratio of signal to noise (SNR). Then a new extraction method of weak fault impact based on amplification algorithm is proposed. Since the fault impact is related to bigger derivative, the amplification function combined with the derivative of the vibration signal is used to amplify the amplitude of the impact. Then Sparse Spike Deconvolution (SSD) which has been widely used in earthquake for impact detection is able to extract small impact from the signal processed by amplification function. Then, in order to enhance the periodicity of fault impacts, the compression function is used to compress the amplitude of bigger impacts according to different scales. At last, the experiment result shows that the proposed method is more effective than the common envelope analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients are commonly accompanied to visit clinicians in Chinese outpatient clinics. Although there has been extensive research on the roles of companions in asymmetric interactions within medical settings, there is a paucity of conversation analytic studies that examine the active participation and contributions of companions on an equal footing in medical consultations. How companions on an equal footing participate and contribute in Chinese outpatient clinical consultations remains under‐explored. By employing video recordings of three‐party consultations in the Chinese orthopaedic outpatient clinic as the data and adopting conversation analysis as the method, this study investigated how companions participated in and contributed to the information‐gathering activity and how their contributions were interactionally negotiated and managed by clinicians and adult patients over sequences of interaction. We showed that companions negotiated epistemic rights in reporting and repairing the information about medical problems in the patients' epistemic domain and displayed different levels of encroachment on patients' epistemic rights by endorsing patients' responses, repairing the information in patients' responses, and offering information directly to clinicians. Companions also exerted deontic authority and shaped the trajectory of the consultations by hindering or facilitating the progressivity of the interaction. We argued that companions' contributions to the information‐gathering activity might reflect the family‐centred model of the doctor–patient relationship in the Chinese orthopaedic outpatient clinic. Clinicians are suggested to open up opportunities for companions' participation and contributions while respecting patients' rights, especially when there is a collision of knowledge claims between patients and their companions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral vasogenic edema, a severe complication of ischemic stroke, aggravates neurological deficits. However, therapeutics to reduce cerebral edema still represent a significant unmet medical need. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), vital for maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB), represent the first defense barrier for vasogenic edema. Here, we analyzed the proteomic profiles of the cultured mouse BMECs during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). Besides the extensively altered cytoskeletal proteins, ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4) expressions and its activated phosphorylated form p-EphA4 were significantly increased. Blocking EphA4 using EphA4-Fc, a specific and well-tolerated inhibitor shown in our ongoing human phase I trial, effectively reduced OGD/R-induced BMECs contraction and tight junction damage. EphA4-Fc did not protect OGD/R-induced neuronal and astrocytic death. However, administration of EphA4-Fc, before or after the onset of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), reduced brain edema by about 50%, leading to improved neurological function recovery. The BBB permeability test also confirmed that cerebral BBB integrity was well maintained in tMCAO brains treated with EphA4-Fc. Therefore, EphA4 was critical in signaling BMECs-mediated BBB breakdown and vasogenic edema during cerebral ischemia. EphA4-Fc is promising for the treatment of clinical post-stroke edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D p–n homojunctions exhibit distinctive structural properties, including continuous energy band structure and perfect lattice matching, making them promising for the design of optoelectronic and electronic devices. Herein, we present a straightforward approach to fabricate a highly sensitive, self-driven photodetector based on a WS2 homojunction. The p-doping on the WS2 interface is easily achieved through water treatment, eliminating the need for chemical dopants. There is an evident reversal of polarity in the WS2 devices treated as compared to the intrinsic WS2. Particularly, the mobility of the weak p-doping WS2 field-effect transistor is 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the on/off ratio can reach 103 after water treatment. The WS2 p–n homojunction can be prepared by local boron nitride covering on n-type WS2. Moreover, the lateral p–n homojunction demonstrates remarkable photovoltaic properties, including a maximum short-circuit current of 7.55 nA and an open-circuit voltage of 0.15 V. Additionally, due to the effective in-plane built-in field, the device achieves a high Ilight/Idark ratio of nearly 105, a high specific detectivity of 5.8 × 1011 Jones, and a large linear dynamic range of 60 dB. This investigation offers a promising facile and soft avenue for the design of high-performance self-driven homojunction photodetectors with potential applications in low-consumption optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical thioetherification of NH-sulfoximines with disulfides is reported. The use of electrochemistry to promote these oxidative coupling reactions not only obviates the requirement for external oxidants, bases, and metal catalysts but also ensures high environmental friendliness and selectivity to afford N-sulfenyl-sulfoximines. Good functional group tolerance, and readily available substrates offer this strategy incomparable advantages in preparing a variety of valuable N-sulfenyl-sulfoximines. Meanwhile, this reaction features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and convenience of amplification, and has great potential in the subsequent modifications of pharmaceutical N-(2-thiophenyl)benzamide derivatives. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the expected products toward different tumor cells were investigated in vitro and compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), the most widely used chemotherapeutic drug against malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea is one of the most essential reactive nitrogen species in the nitrogen cycle and plays an indispensable role in the water-energy-food nexus. However, untreated urea or urine wastewater causes severe environmental pollution and threatens human health. Electrocatalytic and photo(electro)catalytic urea oxidation technologies under mild conditions have become promising methods for energy recovery and environmental remediation. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is important to design efficient electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts for these technologies. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advances in the UOR by means of both electrocatalysis and photo(electro)catalysis, aiming to comprehensively assess this emerging field from fundamentals and materials, to practical applications. The emphasis of this review is on the design and development strategies for electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts based on reaction pathways. Meanwhile, the UOR in natural urine is discussed, focusing on the influence of impurity ions. A particular emphasis is placed on the application of the UOR in energy and environmental fields, such as hydrogen production by urea electrolysis, urea fuel cells, and urea/urine wastewater remediation. Finally, future directions, prospects, and remaining challenges are discussed for this emerging research field. This critical review significantly increases the understanding of current progress in urea conversion and the development of a sustainable nitrogen economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for new physics beyond the Standard Model is one of the central problems of current high energy physics interest. As the luminosities of current and near-future colliders continue to increase, the search for new physics has increased the requirements for processing large amounts of data. Meanwhile, quantum computing which is rapidly evolving, has great potential to become a powerful tool to help search for new physics signals. Since the k-means algorithm is known to be able to be accelerated with the help of quantum computing, we investigate and propose an event selection strategy based on k-means algorithm to search for new physics signals. Taking the case of tri-photon processes at the muon colliders as an example, the event selection strategy is shown to be effective in helping to search for the signals of dimension-8 operators contributing to anomalous quartic gauge couplings. Compared with traditional event selection strategy, the expected constraints are generally tighter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phlorizin, as a flavonoid from a wide range of sources, is gradually becoming known for its biological activity. Phlorizin can exert antioxidant effects by regulating the IL-1β/IKB-α/NF-KB signaling pathway. At the same time, it exerts its antibacterial activity by reducing intracellular DNA agglutination, reducing intracellular protein and energy synthesis, and destroying intracellular metabolism. In addition, phlorizin also has various pharmacological effects such as antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and hepatoprotective effects. Based on domestic and foreign research reports, this article reviews the plant sources, extraction, and biological activities of phlorizin, providing a reference for improving the clinical application of phlorizin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a miniaturized wide-band dual-polarized tightly coupled dipole antenna for 5G millimeter-wave smartphones. The proposed antenna realizes miniaturization to avoid any grating lobes and achieves feed port reduction to reduce cost by utilizing the wideband balanced feeding of planar balun. The operating bandwidth of pol-x is 19.95-45.78 GHz and of pol-y is 20.11-46.32 GHz, which contains the entire dominant 5G millimeter-wave bands for mobile communication. The proposed 1 × 8 array is 23.8 mm × 3.5 mm × 1.297 mm which adapt to the size-limited of 5G smartphones. The peak gain of pol-x is 11.71 dBi and of pol-y is 12.45 dBi. The scanning performance of proposed 1 × 8 array is measured through the test feed powers dividers, which achieve wide beam scanning of around ±60°. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed array with good performances exhibits great potential for 5G millimeter-wave smartphones application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Touch is a fundamental resource mobilized by clinicians in physical examinations in outpatient clinical consultations. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the sequential organization of touch in the interactional process of physical examinations where clinicians' touch is launched and responded to in Chinese medical settings. Based on a collection of video recordings of naturally occurring clinician-patient interaction in an orthopedic outpatient clinic in China, we observed four types of clinicians' touch in the physical examination framework: the guiding touch, the diagnostic touch, the demonstrative touch, and the therapeutic touch. Together with clinical expertise, the sensorial knowledge obtained through touch enables clinicians to professionally evaluate patients' physical conditions and diagnose their illnesses. We also demonstrated that patients do not merely put themselves into clinicians' hands as clinical objects for inspection and defer to clinicians' medical authority. Instead, they actively and agentively participate in physical examinations to jointly accomplish social actions and activities through the temporal and sequential mobilization of their multimodal resources. This study not only adds to an emerging body of research on touch in medical settings but also sheds some light on the understanding of the clinician-patient interaction in Chinese outpatient clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, flexible sensors have attracted attention in sports monitoring. Here, we developed a novel PDMS@MXene@BaTiO3-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PMB-TENG) by using various processing techniques, including ion treatment and dielectric regulation, for energy harvesting and basketball motion sensing. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film has achieved improved triboelectric properties through ion treatment. The pressed PET film and PDMS@MXene@BaTiO3 film serve as the triboelectric layers. In detail, the improvement in the PMB-TENG output in open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) was more than 5.2 times (from 31.2 to 164.4 V), 4.4 times (from 0.96 to 4.08 µA), and 3.1 times (from 9.72 to 31.2 nC), respectively, which demonstrates the function of ion modification. When the resistance value of the load reaches 70 MΩ, the output power of the PMB-TENG reaches its maximum of 2.4 W/m2. The PMB-TENG can be installed on the foot, knee, and wrist to monitor the human posture in basketball. This research will promote the development of basketball monitoring equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate k-out-of-n system with n independent parallel subsystems comprising dependent components drawn from a heterogeneous population consisting of m different subpopulations. The components within each subpopulation are assumed to be dependent, while the subpopulations are independent of each other. We also assume that the subpopulations have different Archimedean copulas for their dependence. Under this setup, we discuss the k-out-of-n systems reliability by comparing two selection probabilities or two allocation policies in the sense of majorization order. In addition, we present some numerical examples to illustrate all the results established here. Finally, some concluding remarks are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal dimension, as a common nonlinear dynamics metric, is extensively applied in biomedicine, fault diagnosis, underwater acoustics, etc. However, traditional fractal dimension can only analyze the complexity of the time series given a single channel at a particular scale. To characterize the complexity of multichannel time series, multichannel information processing was introduced, and multivariate Higuchi fractal dimension (MvHFD) was proposed. To further analyze the complexity at multiple scales, multivariate multiscale Higuchi fractal dimension (MvmHFD) was proposed by introducing multiscale processing algorithms as a technology that not only improved the use of fractal dimension in the analysis of multichannel information, but also characterized the complexity of the time series at multiple scales in the studied time series data. The effectiveness and feasibility of MvHFD and MvmHFD were verified by simulated signal experiments and real signal experiments, in which the simulation experiments tested the stability, computational efficiency, and signal separation performance of MvHFD and MvmHFD, and the real signal experiments tested the effect of MvmHFD on the recognition of multi-channel mechanical signals. The experimental results show that compared to other indicators, A achieves a recognition rate of 100% for signals in three features, which is at least 17.2% higher than for other metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new direct immersion dual-drop microextraction (DIDDME) procedure is described for Fe(III) and Fe(II) speciation followed by detection with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. This method is based upon the selective reaction of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) with Fe(II) and Fe(III) to form complexes at pH 1.5. Two solvent drops that contain PAN and BPHA were concurrently immersed in a sample solution for simultaneous separation of Fe(III) and Fe(II), respectively. This method eliminated time-consuming and labor-intensive oxidation of Fe(II) or reduction of Fe(III), which may provide incomplete conversion and contamination. Using the optimal conditions, the detection limits were 0.067 ng mL−1 and 0.054 ng mL−1 for Fe(II) and Fe(III) with relative standard deviations of 6.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Enrichment factors of 300-fold were obtained. The procedure was successfully utilized for the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in Chinese yellow wine. To evaluate accuracy of this method, a rice certified reference material was analyzed and the result was in good agreement with the certified value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research progress of organic amine chemical absorbents is reviewed. The performance evaluation indexes of absorbents, CO2 capture mechanism of different absorbents, existing problems and development trends are reviewed. With the goal of 1.5 °C temperature rise and the vision of carbon neutralization, the research, development and application of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology have attracted more and more attention. Among many carbon capture technologies, the chemical absorption method with organic amine as the absorbent is the most studied and mature carbon capture technology. A number of demonstration projects have been built in the power, cement, chemical and other industries, which is most likely to achieve large-scale carbon emission reduction in the power and industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is the most common abiotic stress that hinders plantgrowth. To clarify the changes in the growth and metabolism of Panax notoginseng following drought stress, here the effects of drought stress on the growth and metabolism of P. notoginseng are investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based on a widely targeted metabolomic approach. We conducted drought stress treatments (DS) and re‐watering treatments after drought stress (RW) with no drought stress as the control group. The results showed that DS treatment significantly inhibited biomass accumulation and root development of P. notoginseng. Single saponin Rg1 and total saponin in the roots were the highest in the control group, while the total saponins in the leaves were the highest in DS. A total of 120 metabolites were identified using metabolomics and they were classified into eight categories. The metabolites of P. notoginseng under DS were significantly different from the control and RW treatment. Caffeic acid was significantly enriched in all comparison groups, suggesting its important role in the drought resistance of P. notoginseng. Enrichment analysis of differential metabolites showed that the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, the metabolic pathway of valine, leucine, and isoleucine were closely associated with the drought resistance of P. notoginseng. We also verified that significantly upregulated differential metabolites such as 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and quinic acid can enhance the drought resistance of P. notoginseng through exogenous application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoion–photoion coincidence (PIPICO) is a simple and effective approach for the selection of correlated fragments in a specific dissociating channel in molecules. We propose here a charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence (cMUPICO) method, in analogy to traditional PIPICO, however in which the charge of individual fragments is taken into account. The cMUPICO method allows for clearly displaying coincident channels for dissociation channels containing three more fragments with unequal charge states, invisible in the traditional PIPICO. As a demonstration, three-body fragmentation dynamics of CO2 in strong IR laser fields is analyzed, and 11 dissociation channels are effectively identified, five of which are first found with cMUPICO. The present results show that cMUPICO is a powerful and practical tool for distinguishing various dissociation channels with multiply charged multi-photoions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot-corrosion behavior of Ba 1/3 Sr 1/3 Ca 1/3 Al 2 Si 2 O 8 (BSCAS) in the presence of molten calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) is investigated in the temperature range of 1250–1350 °C. In comparison, the hot corrosion behavior of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Al 2 Si 2 O 8 (BSAS) is also studied under the same conditions. The results indicate that CMAS corrosion of both BSCAS and BSAS is caused by the interdiffusion of Ba/Sr and Ca between CMAS and corroded samples. The presence of Ca cations in BSCAS lowers the diffusion driving force of Ca cations between CMAS and BSCAS, resulting in a reduced diffusion rate of Ca cations from CMAS into BSCAS. Moreover, the sluggish diffusion effect of multi-component cations hinders the outward diffusion of Ba/Sr cations from BSCAS. Thus, the BSCAS shows a better CMAS corrosion resistance than BSAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA)/MXene nanocomposite films with varying MXene loadings were fabricated using UV-curing technology, where MXene (Ti3C2Tx) was employed as a nanofiller. The microstructure and chemical structure of the WPUA/MXene nanocomposite films were examined by XRD and FTIR, respectively. The water contact angle testing demonstrated that the incorporation of MXene into the nanocomposite films led to an increase in their hydrophilic properties. The tensile strength, the elongation at break, and Young's modulus of the WPUA/MXene nanocomposite coatings exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing MXene loadings. Compared to the pure WPUA film, the tensile strength and elongation at break of nanocomposites with 0.077 wt% MXene loading reached their maximum values, which increased by 39.9% and 38.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability were both enhanced by MXene to some extent. This study introduces a novel method for utilizing MXene in UV-curable waterborne coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to effectively reduce the high-frequency output caused by excessively steep initial peak slope and enhance the low-frequency output generated by bubble oscillation has become present research interest in seismic source design. The most effective way to improve the low-frequency content of a seismic source is to increase its chamber volume. However, the size of air-gun bubbles generated by large-volume air-gun sources has increased by several hundred times compared to traditional high-pressure air guns, which has made the migration phenomenon of bubbles no longer negligible. The previous air-gun bubble dynamics models did not comprehensively account for the effects caused by bubble migration phenomenon. In this paper, we have developed an air-gun bubble dynamics model based on unified equation for bubble dynamics, and the newly established model demonstrates a closer alignment with experimental data compared to models based on the Gilmore and Keller equations. Based on this, the influence of the design parameters of air-gun seismic source on the bubble migration is studied. It explores the ramifications of migration on the dynamic properties of air-gun bubbles and the signatures of seismic sources. Additionally, we examine how incoming flow velocity magnitude and air-gun design parameters influence the signatures of air-gun seismic sources. Finally, we investigate the impact of both the spacing between dual guns and the horizontal movement of bubbles caused by mutual attraction on the signatures of dual-gun sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental study focused on the annular secondary cavitation caused by the interaction between a high-voltage spark bubble and a cylinder. A 2000 V high-voltage underwater electric discharge was used to create the bubble, which reached a maximum diameter of approximately 31 mm. High-speed photography was employed to capture the behavior of the spark bubble and the induced secondary cavitation bubbles. The formation and evolution of the annular secondary cavitation bubbles near the cylinder's edge were captured and analyzed. The study classified the morphology of the annular secondary cavitation bubbles into three different types based on various bubble distances and cylinder diameters. Notably, unique bubble morphologies, such as the terraced bubble shape, were identified, resulting from the coupling between the spark bubble, the annular secondary cavitation bubble, and the cylinder. The interaction between the annular secondary cavitation bubble and the spark bubble, including coalescence, and the resulting effects on bubble shape and period were investigated. The changes of secondary cavitation bubbles are compared when the cylinder has different chamfer angles. Moreover, the study examined the dynamic characteristics of the bubbles, including their shape evolution, jetting behavior, period length, and pressure pulses upon collapse, at various distances from the top-surface of cylinders with different diameters. The experiment also introduced flow visualization with dye into spark bubble experiments for the first time to trace the vortex around the annular secondary bubble. Additionally, the transparency of bubbles in the images was improved through multi-source lighting techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A biolabel research based on multi-omics, informatics, molecular docking, and experimental verification was used to investigate the cardioprotective effect and pharmaceutically active compounds of Eucommiae Folium (EF). Key findings: Based on the biolabel research pattern, metabonomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics indicated that EF has a therapeutic potential for a variety of heart diseases, especially cardiomyopathy, and the most critical mechanism involved is the diabetic cardiomyopathy pathway. Bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and molecular docking showed that 24 EF compounds may play a therapeutic role in diabetic cardiomyopathy via this pathway. Among which, four compounds (kaempferol, esculetin, (+)-catechin, and astragalin) showed appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters and formed stable binding with biolabels in the pathway. In diabetic cardiomyopathy db/db mice, histopathological analysis, mitochondrial swelling and membrane potential assay, ELISA, and biochemical analysis demonstrated that EF and four active compounds had obvious hypoglycemic effects and attenuated myocardial damage and related pathological processes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium dyshomeostasis, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence and insights into the effect, mechanism, and material basis of EF in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameter estimation is important in weather radar signal processing. Time-domain processing (TDP) and frequency-domain processing (FDP) are two basic parameter estimation methods used in the weather radar field. TDP is widely used in operational weather radars because of its high efficiency and robustness; however, it must be assumed that the received signal has a symmetrical or Gaussian power spectrum, which limits its performance. FDP does not require assumptions about its power spectrum model and has a seamless connection to spectrum analysis; however, its application performance has not been fully validated to ensure its robustness in an operational environment. In this study, we introduce several technical details in FDP, including window function selection, aliasing correction, and noise correction. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of FDP and compare the performance of FDP and TDP based on simulated and measured weather in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data. The results show that FDP has potential for operational applications; however, further improvements are required, e.g., windowing processing for signals mixed with severe clutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) with different grain sizes were fabricated and the multi-physical behaviors, including mechanical-, thermal-, and magnetic performances, and the microscopic features were examined to study the grain size dependence of wear behavior while cutting dense granite. The results showed that the coarse grade PDC had higher impact resistance and fracture toughness. However, the fine grade PDC had higher cobalt content, hardness and thermal resistance. Among these properties, the wear resistance changed the same way as thermal expansion properties proving the strong correlation. Moreover, the crack network caused by thermal mismatch, and the peeling/fracture of metallic phases and diamond promoted fracture wear and played the critical roles in the wear of coarse grade PDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The point cloud semantic understanding task has made remarkable progress along with the development of 3D deep learning. However, aggregating spatial information to improve the local feature learning capability of the network remains a major challenge. Many methods have been used for improving local information learning, such as constructing a multi‐area structure for capturing different area information. However, it will lose some local information due to the independent learning point feature. To solve this problem, a new network is proposed that considers the importance of the differences between points in the neighbourhood. Capturing local feature information can be enhanced by highlighting the different feature importance of the point cloud in the neighbourhood. First, T‐Net is constructed to learn the point cloud transformation matrix for point cloud disorder. Second, transformer is used to improve the problem of local information loss due to the independence of each point in the neighbourhood. The experimental results show that 92.2% accuracy overall was achieved on the ModelNet40 dataset and 93.8% accuracy overall was achieved on the ModelNet10 dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]