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The cooling capacity of a radiant panel is usually measured in a certified test chamber and the value obtained is provided by manufacturers for engineers to use for in calculations. However, current measurement standards calculate the cooling capacity of a panel based on the heat carried by the circulating water, which includes the heat extraction from the plenum. Thus, sizing the radiant system based on the cooling capacity of the panels may result in an undersized system. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of plenum temperature on the room- and plenum-side cooling of suspended radiant ceiling panels, and to develop a method to measure and predict the cooling at both sides of the panel. A cooling capacity measurement methodology with controlled room and plenum temperatures was thus proposed. The present study comprises three parts: 1) a cooling capacity measurement in a test chamber with different temperature differences between the room and plenum; 2) development of an empirical model based on the measurement data to predict the room-side cooling ratio of the panels; 3) validation of the model with dataset obtained in the field. Test chamber results revealed that an increase in the plenum temperature resulted in an increase in the measured cooling capacity but a decrease in the proportion of heat extracted from the room side. Within the tested temperature range (plenum temperature of 24–28 °C, room temperature of 26 °C), the heat extracted from the room side was 77–92% when the panels were insulated and decreased to 46–71% when they were not insulated. An empirical approach for estimating the heat extraction at both sides of the panel was then proposed. The developed model was validated through field measurements in a newly constructed office building equipped with the same panel as the ones from the chamber measurements. The predicted room-side heat extraction had an average error of 6% (with a standard deviation of 3%) compared with the measured value. The measurement and modeling procedure in this study may thus be used by manufacturers to more accurately document the cooling performance of their panels, which will enable engineers to avoid under-sizing of the cooling system.

Objective Dementia is a major cause of disruption for a healthy life expectancy in Japan. It has been suggested that the number of teeth is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. We therefore examined the possible association between the cognitive function and the number of natural and artificial teeth in community-dwelling Japanese elderly individuals. Methods Among the participants in our prospective, community-based study, 210 elderly individuals (103 men and 107 women; 78.1±4.9 years; mean age±standard deviation) underwent both dental examinations and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), as well as various medical checkups, in 2016 and 2017. Results The number of natural teeth was significantly associated with an individual's MMSE score. The percentage of cognitively normal subjects (MMSE scores: 27-30) decreased significantly with a decrease in the number of natural teeth. Among the MMSE items, the calculation ability was significantly and independently associated with the number of natural teeth. Regression was calculated as the predicted score of MMSE =21+0.3× (years of schooling) +0.1× (number of natural teeth). Among individuals with 19 or fewer natural teeth, those who had a total of 20 teeth or more, including both natural and artificial teeth, had significantly higher MMSE scores than those who had 19 or fewer natural and artificial teeth combined. Conclusion The number of natural teeth was significantly associated with the cognitive function, especially the calculation ability, and the use of artificial teeth was associated with the preservation of the cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly individuals.

Dysphagia, defined as a dysfunction in any stage or process of eating, is common among heart failure (HF) patients. In some diseases state, dysphagia hinders patients from being discharged to home. However, it remains unclear whether dysphagia affects discharge disposition of HF patients. This study aimed to identify the impact of dysphagia on discharge disposition of HF patients. A total of 323 patients, hospitalized with acute exacerbation of HF, were eligible for the study (excluding patients who lived at nursing care facilities before admission). Following the withdrawal of 37 patients, a total of 286 patients were analyzed. Dysphagia was determined using the functional oral intake scale (FOIS), which evaluates a patient's ability to swallow. The FOIS is a 7-point scale, with a level of ≤ 5 indicating dysphagia. Of the 286 patients analyzed, 231 (80.8%) were discharged to home, and 55 were discharged to nursing care facilities or rehabilitation hospitals (non-home). FOIS level was significantly lower, and dysphagia incidence was significantly higher among patients discharged to non-home than among those discharged to home. Multivariate analysis showed that FOIS level was an independent predictor of discharge disposition. Additionally, after propensity score matching, which was performed to adjust for baseline characteristics, FOIS level remained significantly lower in patients discharged to non-home than in those discharged to home. In conclusion, dysphagia hinders patients hospitalized with HF from being discharged to home. We conclude that evaluating dysphagia and its severity on admission is useful for predicting discharge disposition in patients hospitalized with HF.

A 58-year-old woman with a 1-month history of right hand clumsiness and speaking difficulty was admitted to our hospital. A neurological examination revealed sensory aphasia and right hemiparesis. Her laboratory tests showed elevated serum levels of IgG and IgG4, pancytopenia, and liver dysfunction. The results of the imaging studies of her abdomen were compatible with sclerosing cholangitis. Brain MRI showed extensive signal abnormalities in the left hemisphere on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, extending from left internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle with an irregularly enhancing lesion in the left parietal lobe. A brain biopsy revealed lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and reactive gliosis. Most of the plasma cells were IgG positive; however, IgG4-positive plasma cells were sparsely observed. After the initiation of betamethasone treatment, her symptoms and the brain MRI abnormalities showed significant improvement. The brain biopsy results did not meet the current criteria of IgG4-related disease. This is the first reported case of a tumefactive lesion of the brain parenchyma with serum IgG4 elevation, which was responsive to steroid treatment. The accumulation of a greater number of reports on the pathological investigation of cases of possible IgG4-related disease may help to elucidate the exact role of IgG4 in IgG4-related disorders.

BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies reported a relationship between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) variability and cardiovascular events. However, the impact of ABP variability on small vessel disease (SVD) progression or cognitive decline in the elderly has seldom been investigated in community-based longitudinal studies. METHODS Subjects (n = 210) underwent ABP monitoring, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive testing at baseline and 4 years later. ABP variability was quantified by the SD, weighted SD, coefficient of variation (CV), and average real variability (ARV). ABP variability parameters were divided into 2 groups by median values. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that higher systolic CV, diastolic weighted SD, and diastolic CV were significant predictors of SVD progression (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively). In subjects with SVD on the first MRI, higher systolic and diastolic ARV also predicted progression (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Higher quartiles of systolic weighted SD and CV had higher incidences of SVD progression (P trend = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively, Cochran-Armitage test), and higher quartiles of systolic ARV had higher incidences of SVD progression in subjects with SVD on the first MRI (P trend = 0.03). Higher systolic ARV was an independent predictor of cognitive decline (P < 0.01), and higher tertiles of systolic ARV had higher incidences of cognitive decline (P trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This community-based longitudinal study found that increased ABP variability was associated with SVD progression, particularly in individuals with SVD at baseline. Higher systolic ARV predicted SVD progression and cognitive decline.

Objective We previously reported that, on brain MRI, iNPH features were observed in approximately 1% of asymptomatic elderly community dwellers. This phenomenon is designated asymptomatic ventriculomegaly with features of iNPH on MRI (AVIM). The aim of the present study was to clarify whether a subclinical decline in the neuropsychological function is present in patients with AVIM. Methods We examined eight subjects with AVIM, six subjects with possible iNPH and 21 elderly controls. Neuropsychological tests were used, including the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Hasegawa dementia scale-revised (HDS-R), the frontal assessment battery (FAB), the trail making test A&B and semantic and letter verbal fluency tests. Results When comparing the individuals with AVIM with the control subjects, significant differences were found in the scores achieved on the semantic verbal fluency tests and Luria's motor series (fist-edge-palm), a subtest of the FAB. Conclusion The present study suggests that individuals with AVIM demonstrate a slight subclinical decline in the cognitive function and motor regulation, which may represent a prodromal stage of iNPH.

Little is known about genetic risk factors for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We examined whether a copy number loss in intron 2 of the SFMBT1 gene could be a genetic risk for shunt-responsive, definite iNPH. Quantitative and digital PCR analyses revealed that 26.0% of shunt-responsive definite iNPH patients (n = 50) had such a genetic change, as compared with 4.2% of the healthy elderly (n = 191) (OR = 7.94, 95%CI: 2.82-23.79, p = 1.8 x 10-5) and 6.3% of patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 32) (OR = 5.18, 95%CI: 1.1-50.8, p = 0.038). The present study demonstrates that a copy number loss within intron 2 of the SFMBT1 gene may be a genetic risk factor for shunt-responsive definite iNPH.

Mutations in the SLC25A13 gene lead to neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency and/or adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). A 62-year-old man presented with recurrent episodes of neuropsychiatric manifestations. On admission, he had disorientation and flapping tremor. Laboratory data showed hyperferritinemia in addition to postprandial hyperammonemia and citrullinemia. A liver biopsy specimen revealed moderate hemosiderin deposits and hepatocytes with macrovesicular fat droplets. Genetic analysis of the SLC25A13 gene identified the previously reported p.S225X mutation and a novel p.D493G mutation. Hyperferritinemia might also be a characteristic finding of CTLN2-related fatty changes of the liver.

Objective Age is known to influence the risk of both cerebral ischemic lesions and impaired cognitive function. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can also be associated with cognitive impairment. However, there has been no study of neuropsychological performance in association with glucose metabolism status and cerebral ischemic lesions in same-aged, community-dwelling elderly persons. The present study was performed to clarify which cognitive domains are associated with impaired glucose metabolism/DM and whether the association is independent of cerebral ischemic lesions. Subjects and Methods A total of 172 residents in Takahata, Japan, all of whom were 78 years old, were evaluated in multiple domains through neuropsychological tests and brain MR images, as well as a medical check-up including tests for glucose metabolism status and conventional vascular risk factors. Glucose metabolism status was determined by analysis of HbA1c level. Results In multiple regression analyses, performance on a verbal fluency (VF) test and the Trail Making Test-Part B, both of which represent executive function, was associated with HbA1c level, even after adjustment for sex, education, cerebral ischemic lesions, and conventional vascular risk factors. The subjects with DM also showed lower VF scores than did those without DM. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that impaired glucose metabolism, independent of the conventional vascular risk factors and cerebral ischemic lesions, may be associated with a decline in executive function in community-dwelling elderly.

Objective Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is clinically important as a treatable gait disturbance or preventable dementia by shunt operation. We have recently reported that approximately 1.5% of the elderly living in a Japanese community showed ventriculomegaly with features of iNPH on MRI (VIM), which may represent a preclinical stage of iNPH. The purpose of the present study was to identify a possible genetic change in VIM subjects. Methods Eight subjects with VIM and 10 healthy individuals were examined for copy number variations (CNV) with a CNV-targeted whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray (Agilent 400 K CNV array). Another panel of 100 healthy Japanese individuals was screened for CNV by whole-genome using the deCODE-Illumina CNV 370 K chip. Immunohistochemical examination of the human brain was performed using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Results Among several genetic changes observed, a copy number loss within the SFMBT1 gene was seen in half of the VIM cases (4 of 8 cases), that was rare among the Japanese control subjects (0/10 by Agilent 400 K CNV array or 1/100 by deCODE/Illumina CNV 370 K chip). Immunohistochemical examination of the human brain revealed that the SFMBT1 protein was localized mainly in the arterial walls, the ependymal cells, and the epithelium of the choroid plexus, all of which play a crucial role in the CSF circulation. Conclusion A segmental copy number loss of the SFMBT1 gene may be involved in the pathological process in some individuals with VIM/iNPH.

We report on an 80-year-old woman who had shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Her brain MRI showed an initial change in the subarachnoid space (a disproportional narrowing of the subarachnoid space at the cerebral high convexities) at the age of 70 years, followed by enlargement of the ventricles (Evans index: 0.31) at the age of 78. The observation suggests that changes in the subarachnoid space may precede ventricular enlargement in iNPH.

Objective: The effects of sebum lipid production by sebaceous gland cells were investigated in vitro following inhibition of cell differentiation by the antioxidants (ascorbyl/tocopheryl) phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, and pyridoxine cyclic phosphate. Methods: Normal hamster sebaceous gland cells were exposed to various concentrations of the antioxidants for 10 days. Lipids were extracted from the cells and quantitated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Numbers of lipid-containing differentiated cells were determined by light microscopy. The superoxide anion scavenging ability of each antioxidant was measured by the nitro blue tetrazolium method. Results: All antioxidants suppressed sebocyte cell differentiation and decreased levels of sebum lipid secretion, with (ascorbyl/tocopheryl) phosphoric acid being the most effective. Antioxidant ability, the number of differentiated sebocyte cells, and sebum secretion level were found to highly correlate. Conclusion: These findings indicate that antioxidant compounds inhibit sebaceous lipid production by suppressing differentiation of sebocytes., 5p. Open Access

Recent evidence has shown an effect of ambulatory heart rate (HR) on cardiovascular events and mortality. Our objective was to determine whether ambulatory HR was related to the progression of cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) or cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly people. A cohort of 190 community-dwelling elderly people underwent an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive testing at baseline, with MRI and cognitive tests repeated 4 years later. HR variability in ABPM was quantified by the s.d. (s.d. and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the relationship between HR variability and the progression of SVD/cognitive decline was investigated. We also assessed the association of nighttime HR variability and nocturnal HR dipping. The nighttime RMSSD of participants with the progression of SVD was significantly higher than that of those without progression of SVD (P

For forty-three clinical test values presumably associated to common complex human diseases, we carried out a genome-wide association study using 600K SNPs in a general Japanese population of 1,639 individuals (1,252 after quality control procedures) drawn from a regional cohort, followed by a replication study for statistically significant SNPs (p = 1.95 × 10(-9)-8.34 × 10(-39)) using an independent population of 1,671 from another cohort. In this single two-stage study, we newly found strong and robust associations of common variants at the ABO histo-blood glycosyltransferase locus in 9q32 with the plasma levels of pancreatic lipase (P-LIP), in addition to successful confirmation of the known ABO association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) independent of the ACE1 gene in 17q23.2 with the ACE level. Our results are compatible with the previously reported association between the ABO gene and pancreatic cancer, and show that the effect of these common variants at the ABO locus on the P-LIP and ACE levels is largely opposing and pleiotropic.

Background: Citrin, encoded by SLC25A13, is a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is the main NADH-transporting system in the liver. Citrin deficiency causes neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis (NICCD), which usually resolves within the first year of life. However, small numbers of adults with citrin deficiency develop hyperammonemic encephalopathy, adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2), which leads to death due to cerebral edema. Liver transplantation is the only definitive therapy for patients with CTLN2. We previously reported that a lactose (galactose)-restricted and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-supplemented formula is notably effective for patients with NICCD. Citrin deficiency may impair the glycolysis in hepatocytes because of an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, leading to an energy shortage. MCT administration can provide energy to hepatocytes and was expected to have a good effect on CTLN2. Methods: An MCT supplementation therapy under a low-carbohydrate formula was administered to five patients with CTLN2. Four of the patients had episodes of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, and one patient had postprandial hyperammonemia with no symptoms. Results: One of the patients displaying hyperammonemic encephalopathy completely recovered with all normal laboratory findings. Others notably improved in terms of clinical and or laboratory findings with no hyperammonemic symptoms; however, the patients displayed persistent mild citrullinemia and occasionally had postprandial mild hyperammonemia most likely due to an irreversible change in the liver. Conclusions: An MCT supplement can provide energy to hepatocytes and promote hepatic lipogenesis, leading to a reduction in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio. MCT supplementation under a low-carbohydrate formula could be a promising therapy for CTLN2 and should also be used to prevent CTLN2 to avoid irreversible liver damage.

A method to break glass plate was proposed for substrates of display panel by CO2 laser beam heating. Generally, glass plate is broken by growing micro-crack which is generated during scribing from tip of a chisel under optimum load. And then, the generated micro-cracks are grown by mechanical force applied to the scribed trace. For laser breaking, the micro-crack is grown by tensile stress due to thermal expansion which arises from temperature rise by a CO2 laser beam irradiation onto the scribed trace instead of applying mechanical force. This paper deals with experimental results of the optimum laser irradiating condition and discussion of the laser breaking mechanisms. It was possible to break the glass plate finely and precisely without applying mechanical force at the same scribing velocity.

The aluminum surface was modified by CO2 laser beam irradiation onto a surface coated 0.2mm thick with TiO2 powder. Surface and cross sectional views of melted layers formed under different laser irradiating conditions were observed by optical microscope. Cross-sectional hardness was evaluated by micro-Vickers hardness measurement, and the composition was studied by microdiffraction analysis. A hard alloyed layer formed on the surface of the Al substrate at laser power exceeding 2kW. At less than 2kW, a clad layer formed. The alloyed layer consists of eutectic Al+Al3Ti. Hardening in the alloyed layer is caused by crystallization of the Al3Ti intermetallic compound formed by a reaction between substrate Al and Ti separated from TiO2. TiO2 powder is thus useful in laser alloying.

The new functional materials have been studied to apply to micro machines or electronic devices. However in order to develop new materials, it is indispensable to control the film thickness of nano-meter or sub-nanometer and to deposit the fine film of the same roughness as substrate surface. This paper describes the experimental results, the possibility to fabricate metal films of nanometer order thickness and to synthesize new materials of multilayer structure using the Knudsen-cell in the high vacuum MBE chamber. The structure of the films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction.

Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a rare form of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Little is known about cases of LC with spinal cord involvement. Among the 11 PCNSL patients treated in our hospital during a four-year period, we identified two cases of LC with spinal cord lesions. One showed a spinal cord lesion followed by leukoencephalopathy. The other showed a spinal cord lesion after LC. In both cases, the histopathology was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is possible that LC may affect the entire central nerve system, and tumor infiltration to the brain and spinal cord in LC may occur more frequently than has been previously considered.

Some patients with acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) represent an incomplete form of congenital LQTS in which a mutation or polymorphism in one of the LQTS genes is clinically inapparent until the patient is exposed to a particular drug or other predisposing factor. A 15-year-old man in the

Mutations in the SLC25A13 gene lead to neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency and/or adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). A 62-year-old man presented with recurrent episodes of neuropsychiatric manifestations. On admission, he had disorientation and flapping tremor. Laboratory data showed hyperferritinemia in addition to postprandial hyperammonemia and citrullinemia. A liver biopsy specimen revealed moderate hemosiderin deposits and hepatocytes with macrovesicular fat droplets. Genetic analysis of the SLC25A13 gene identified the previously reported p.S225X mutation and a novel p.D493G mutation. Hyperferritinemia might also be a characteristic finding of CTLN2-related fatty changes of the liver.

Bonded soft ferrite using injection molding is expected to have applications, because it conforms with the trend toward miniaturization and complication of the shape of electronic devices, At present, the permeability of bonded soft ferrite is too low for it to have practical applications, because of the mixture of ferrite powder and resin. Increasing its permeability is thus an important problem to be solved. To this end, we used kneading and injection molding to produce bonded soft ferrites mixed with nylon resin and several kinds of NiCuZn ferrite powder with various size distributions, and then measured the soft magnetic properties and electric resistance of bonded NiCuZn ferrites.

We investigated if there are individuals at a preclinical stage of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in a general population. All the residents aged 61 years and 70-72 years in the two communities of Japan (n=1142) were requested to take brain MRI examination. 790 residents (69.2%) participated in this study. Among them, 51 individuals (6.46%) had the enlarged ventricles (Evans index of >0.3), 12 (1.52%) of which showed the iNPH features on MRI. Of the 12 individuals, 8 were asymptomatic, while 4 had gait disturbance and/or dementia (possible iNPH). During a follow-up period of 4-8 years, two of the 8 asymptomatic subjects developed dementia and/or gait disturbance. The prevalence of possible iNPH was 0.51% (4/790) among Japanese elderly (>61 years of age). Asymptomatic ventriculomegaly with the iNPH features on MRI (AVIM) may represent a preclinical stage of iNPH. To identify a possible genetic change of AVIM and possible iNPH, we performed a genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNV), and found that a segmental copy number loss of the SFMBT1 gene may be a genetic risk for the disease.

Pulmonary hypoplasia has been associated with absent or hypoplastic pulmonary artery in four cases in humans. Despite these reports, the effects of decreased pulmonary arterial flow on fetal lung growth have not been adequately studied. This study defines the effects of left pulmonary artery (LPA) ligation on fetal lung growth in sheep by comparing morphometrically determined pulmonary volumes from LPA-ligated, sham-operated, and un-operated control fetuses. LPA ligation (n = 5) or sham operation (n = 4) was performed at 105- to 114-d gestation. lungs were intratracheally fixed for light microscopy. At 112 d (n = 4) and at 140 d (n = 4), unoperated control fetuses were similarly delivered. Absolute pulmonary volumes were then measured using standard stereologic methods. Normal growth of the left lung from 112 to 140 d resulted in significant increases in wet and dry wt, displacement volume, and volumes of future airspace and capillary contents. LPA ligation caused significant decreases in left lung wet and dry wt, displacement volume, and in absolute volumes of fine nonparenchymal, future airspace, parenchymal tissue, and capillary contents compared to sham-operated and 140-d controls. Parenchymal tissue volume was also less than in 112-d controls. In addition, lung wt, displacement volume, and future airspace volume were significantly decreased in sham-operated fetuses compared to 140-d controls. The effects of LPA ligation on bronchial collateral circulation and factors known to affect lung growth (i.e. lung fluid volume) remain to be determined. Clearly, during the canalicular and alveolar stage of fetal lung development, pulmonary arterial flow is necessary for normal lung growth.

We report a patient with primary amenorrhea accompanied by adrenal adenoma. A 21-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of primary amenorrhea and hyperprogesteronemia without virilization. Venous sampling showed progesterone overproduction at the left adrenal gland. Computed tomography revealed a 7 cm mass in left adrenal gland. Serum pregnenorone, 17-hydroxypregnenorone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, deoxycorticosterone, and 11-deoxycortisol were elevated. The diagnosis of steroid hormone producing tumor was made. Following tumor resection, serum progesterone normalized 4 days later, and menarche occurred 51 days after operation. The present case indicated that adrenal functioning tumor should not be overlooked in patients with primary amenorrhea.

Recent studies have indicated that platelet aggregation might be mediated by a decrease in CAMP from basal levels and prostaglandins (PGs) play a major role in mediating platelet aggregation. On the other hand, platelet function is altered in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. In these diseases, platelet adhesion is incleased, platelet's sensitivity to aggregating agents is increased and platelet secresion is enhanced. The administration of antiaggregating drugs is thought to modify and supress one or more of these functions and consequently prevents or delays the formation of thrombi, but in the treatment of these diseases, anticoagulants were not effective sometimes.One of these reasons is that probably mechanism of inhibition of platelet function by antiaggregating agents is varied. In consideration of this point, it is important to clarify the modes of action of antiaggregating drugs in the treatment of these diseases. Drugs such as Heparin, Trasylol, Dextran sulfate, Carbocromen, Prenylamine, Dipyridamole, CDP-choline and α-Tocopherol were incubated with human platelet suspension. The effects of those drugs on platelet aggregation were studied and those on the formation of PGs and cAMP.Material and MethodsHuman platelets were obtained from platelet rich plasma by centrifugation and were suspended in 134mM NaCl-15mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4. After treatment with drugs, the platelet suspension was separated into two.One was used for platelet aggregation test by aggregometer. The other was further separated into supernatant and platelet fraction by centrifugation, which was used for assays of PGs and cAMP by RIA methods.ResultsHeparin, Dextran sulfate, and Carbocromen showed the dosedependent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by thrombin as well as aspirin or PGE1 did.On the other hand, Trasylol, Prenylamine, CDP-choline and Dipyridamole did not show inhibitory effect in vitro at concentrations lower than those of clinical use.Prenylamine and CDP-choline showed inhibitory effect in vitro at concentrations higher than those of clinical use, but α-Tocopherol did not show inhibitory effect in vitro.(Fig. 1) PGs formation showed stepwise decrease both in supernatant and platelet fraction by Heparin and Dextran sulfate.(Fig. 2) PGs formation showed stepwise decrease in platelet fraction by Aspirin and Trasylol, and no change in supernatant fraction.(Fig. 3.) In platelet fraction, PGs formation showed decrease by the high concentration of CDP-choline and stepwise decrease by Carbocromen. In supernatant fraction, Carbocromen showed slight increase of PGs formation at pg order.(Fig. 4.) The high concentration of Prenylamine depressed PGE, PGF2α formation in platelet fraction. On the other hand, it increased cAMP production.(Fig. 5) Group I did not supress the PG formation, and was further separated into subgroups A and B by the ability of cAMP formation. Group II inhibited the PG formation and was further separated into subgroups 1 and 2 by the ability of PG formation in platelet fraction.ConclusionThe mechanisms of inhibitory effect in platelets by antiaggregating drugs were varied.It is important to consider the modes of action of each antiaggregating drug in the clinical treatment of thromboembolism.

少なくとも約5年間にわたり持続している慢性心房性頻拍症の36才男子例について報告した.心電図上第I誘導のP波は陰性,心房拍動数は1分間120～150のことが多く比較的緩徐であり,かつ,多くの場合にWenckebach周期あるいは2: 1の房室ブロックを伴なった. PP間隔,および房室間伝導は自然にも変動する他に,情動,体動,体位変換などにより容易に変化し,その範囲は1分間約190の1: 1房室伝導にまで及び,他方, Aschner試験によりPP間隔は1秒以上にまで延長した. digitalis薬, procaineamide,迷走神経反射などにより,異所性調律の消失はきたさなかつた.本頻拍は発作性頻拍症とは種々の点で著しく異なるまれな頻拍症であり,この点につき文献的考察を行なつた.

Four cases with two-chambered right ventricle are presented; Cases 1 and 2 were associated with infundibular pulmonary stenosis, Case 3 with co-arctation of the aorta, and Case 4 with ventricular septal defect and essential hypertension. Case 4 was 52 years old, being the oldest case ever reported in the literature. Physical, roentgenologic, electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic, cardiac catheterization and angiocardiographic findings are discussed. Although selective right ventriculography is gene-rally the most reliable and definitive procedure for diagnosis, the coexistence of the following clinical findings would be helpful for diagnosis of two-chambered right ventricle prior to the cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, especially in cases with isolated or predominant two-chambered right ventricle; (1) a widely distributed, diamond-shaped systolic murmur with the maximum point at the left lower sternal border, (2) a diminished second heart sound at the pulmonary area, (3) a cardiomegaly of somewhat globular shape with absence of poststenotic dilatation, (4) a predominant R pattern in V1 through V6 with absence of significant late R in aVR, and (5) a QRS loop inscribed mostly anteriorly and leftwards in the vectorcardiogram.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is clinically important as a treatable gait disturbance and/or preventable dementia by shunt operation. iNPH usually occurs as a sporadic onset; however, genetic factor(s) is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of iNPH because of the presence of familial onset (two or more patients with NPH in a single family) of the disease, whose clinical and brain MRI features are indistinguishable from those of iNPH. Up to the present time, the genetic risk factor(s) for iNPH remains undetermined.