114 results on '"Yijun Fan"'
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2. Machine learning predicts the serum PFOA and PFOS levels in pregnant women: Enhancement of fatty acid status on model performance
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Lin Tao, Weitian Tang, Zhicai Xia, Bing Wu, Heng Liu, Juanjuan Fu, Qiufang Lu, Liyan Guo, Chang Gao, Qiang Zhou, Yijun Fan, De-Xiang Xu, and Yichao Huang
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PFAS ,Machine learning ,Pregnant woman ,Dietary exposure ,Fatty acid ,Exposure prediction ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has received considerable attention, particularly in pregnant women because of their dramatic changes in physiological status and dietary patterns. Predicting internal PFAS exposure in pregnant women, based on external and relevant parameters, has not been investigated. Here, machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict the serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in a large population of 588 pregnant participants. Dietary exposure characteristics, demographic parameters, and in particular, serum fatty acid (FA) data were used for the model development. The fitting results showed that the inclusion of FAs as covariates significantly improved the performance of the ML models, with the random forest (RF) model having the best predictive performance for PFOA (R2 = 0.33, MAE = 1.51 ng/mL, and RMSE = 1.89 ng/mL) and PFOS (R2 = 0.12, MAE = 2.65 ng/mL, and RMSE = 3.37 ng/mL). The feature importance analysis revealed that serum FAs greatly affected PFOA concentration in the pregnant women, with saturated FAs being associated with decreased PFOA levels and unsaturated FAs with increased levels. Comparison with one-compartment pharmacokinetic model further demonstrated the advantage of the ML models in predicting PFAS exposure in pregnant women. Our models correlate for the first time blood chemical concentrations with human FA status using ML, introducing a novel perspective on predicting PFAS levels in pregnant women. This study provides valuable insights concerning internal exposure of PFASs generated from external exposure, and contributes to risk assessment and management in pregnant populations.
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- 2024
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3. Entrepreneurial mental health in the wake of COVID-19 in China with an emphasis on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia analysis
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Yijun Fan, Yuanzhe Li, Zhengyuan Dong, May Ong, and James Hope
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Entrepreneurship in China ,Mental health impact ,COVID-19 pandemic ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ,Dyslexia ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a global mental health crisis, with a particularly pronounced impact on the entrepreneurial sector. This paper presents a comparative analysis of mental health challenges among entrepreneurs in China during the pandemic, with a specific focus on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Dyslexia. The study assesses the prevalence of ADHD and dyslexia symptoms among established and emerging entrepreneurs in China, finding notable occurrences within this group. The research also examines the self-care practices of these entrepreneurs, shedding light on their approaches during the pandemic period. The findings highlight a complex interplay between mental health issues and entrepreneurial activities, suggesting that certain ADHD and dyslexia traits may offer unexpected benefits in the entrepreneurial realm. These insights are critical for developing supportive frameworks that leverage the strengths of neurodiverse entrepreneurs while mitigating associated challenges, especially in a post-pandemic economic landscape. The study concludes with policy and practice recommendations to bolster the wellbeing and resilience of entrepreneurs facing the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic.
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- 2024
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4. Gestational PFAS exposure and newborn size: The modifying effect of cord blood fatty acids
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Chang Gao, Lin Luo, Yijun Fan, Liyan Guo, Lijuan Guo, Lin Tao, Fangbiao Tao, De-Xiang Xu, Robert A. Gibson, Maria Makrides, Hua Wang, and Yichao Huang
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance ,Gestational exposure ,Fetal nutrition ,Fatty acid status ,Newborn size ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can disrupt lipid metabolism, and changes in cord blood fatty acid composition have been observed in small newborns. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to PFASs during pregnancy is linked to decreased newborn size, although the evidence is not consistent. The modifying effect of fatty acids on the associations of gestational PFAS exposure with newborn size is still unknown. Here we show that the nutritional status of the fetus, as indicated by the level of fatty acids in the cord blood, mitigates the adverse effects of gestational PFAS exposure on the size of the newborn. Our study confirms the adverse developmental effects of PFASs and identifies emerging short-chain PFASs as the primary drivers of reduced newborn size, despite their lower exposure burden compared to legacy PFASs. Additionally, we find the protective role of cord blood fatty acids, suggesting potential strategies for mitigating the detrimental effects of emerging environmental exposures on human health. Our findings provide new evidence of the potential toxicity of emerging PFASs and call for further toxicity evaluations of these pollutants for regulatory purposes. Future studies should consider the complex interaction between exposure and nutrition within the human body, particularly during the first thousand days of life, to promote lifelong health.
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- 2024
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5. Experience of naturally occurring peer support among people using psychiatric day-care in China: an interpretative phenomenology approach
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Yijun Fan, Xiao Liu, and Conghong Li
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peer support ,mental rehabilitation ,community mental health services ,interpretative phenomenological analysis ,China ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
IntroductionChina presently does not have an established peer support system, and the efforts of peer support workers are not acknowledged in the context of the growing global trend of community-based mental rehabilitation. This study aims to examine the first-hand experiences of persons who participate in psychiatric day-care facilities in Shanghai, China, and receive support from their peers. The goal is to gain a better understanding of how these informal peer support programs function and provide valuable knowledge for the establishment of more structured peer support programs that align with Chinese social culture.MethodsA total of 14 participants attending psychiatric day-care centres were selected for face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews using snowball sampling. The interviews took place between July 2021 and February 2022. The text data of the interview were acquired through transcription and then augmented using the interview scripts and additional resources. The data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis until the themes reached saturation.ResultsA total of three overarching themes and eight corresponding sub-themes were produced: 1. reconstructing a social network: an ordinary interpersonal connection, becoming and conducting oneself, proceeding the process of adaptation in the company of peers; 2. balance and multiple roles within the relationship: selective self-exposure, managing proximity and distance; 3. sense of meaning and sense of community: supporting others while empowering oneself, love as expanding consciousness, advocating for the notion of group identity.DiscussionThis study is the initial examination of the contact and naturally occurring peer support that takes place among individuals in psychiatric day-care centres in China. The study’s findings revealed that participants interact with others who have undergone similar conditions in the day-care setting, enabling them to rebuild an important social network. It is crucial to consider the possible benefits of peer support, assess the obstacles, and facilitate the personal recovery of individuals with mental disorders using the theory of recovery.
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- 2024
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6. Beyond play: a comparative study of multi-sensory and traditional toys in child education
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Yijun Fan, Daphne Khee Chong, and Yuanzhe Li
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multi-sensory theory ,educational toys ,engagement metrics ,learning outcomes ,child education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
As educational paradigms evolve, the integration of multi-sensory theory into the design of children’s educational toys presents a promising avenue for enhancing learning experiences. This paper explores the efficacy of multi-sensory toys in improving children’s attraction, interest, and learning efficiency through a systematic review and a pilot empirical study. The study specifically assesses the hypothesis that multi-sensory educational toys significantly increase children’s engagement and learning outcomes compared to traditional toys. Conducted with a diverse group of children aged 3–6 in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China, the research employs both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including engagement metrics and observational studies. The findings suggest that multi-sensory toys not only hold the potential to augment learning experiences but also require careful consideration of individual learning styles and preferences. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications for future research and toy design, emphasizing the need for continued innovation and personalization in the development of educational toys to cater to the multifaceted needs of young learners.
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- 2024
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7. Vertically stratified methane, nitrogen and sulphur cycling and coupling mechanisms in mangrove sediment microbiomes
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Lu Qian, Xiaoli Yu, Hang Gu, Fei Liu, Yijun Fan, Cheng Wang, Qiang He, Yun Tian, Yisheng Peng, Longfei Shu, Shanquan Wang, Zhijian Huang, Qingyun Yan, Jianguo He, Guangli Liu, Qichao Tu, and Zhili He
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Vertical distribution ,Metagenome sequencing analysis ,Mangrove sediment ,Methane/nitrogen/sulphur cycling ,Metagenome-assembled genome ,Coupling mechanism ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract Background Mangrove ecosystems are considered as hot spots of biogeochemical cycling, yet the diversity, function and coupling mechanism of microbially driven biogeochemical cycling along the sediment depth of mangrove wetlands remain elusive. Here we investigated the vertical profile of methane (CH4), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) cycling genes/pathways and their potential coupling mechanisms using metagenome sequencing approaches. Results Our results showed that the metabolic pathways involved in CH4, N and S cycling were mainly shaped by pH and acid volatile sulphide (AVS) along a sediment depth, and AVS was a critical electron donor impacting mangrove sediment S oxidation and denitrification. Gene families involved in S oxidation and denitrification significantly (P < 0.05) decreased along the sediment depth and could be coupled by S-driven denitrifiers, such as Burkholderiaceae and Sulfurifustis in the surface sediment (0–15 cm). Interestingly, all S-driven denitrifier metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) appeared to be incomplete denitrifiers with nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide reductases (Nar/Nir/Nor) but without nitrous oxide reductase (Nos), suggesting such sulphide-utilizing groups might be an important contributor to N2O production in the surface mangrove sediment. Gene families involved in methanogenesis and S reduction significantly (P < 0.05) increased along the sediment depth. Based on both network and MAG analyses, sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) might develop syntrophic relationships with anaerobic CH4 oxidizers (ANMEs) by direct electron transfer or zero-valent sulphur, which would pull forward the co-existence of methanogens and SRB in the middle and deep layer sediments. Conclusions In addition to offering a perspective on the vertical distribution of microbially driven CH4, N and S cycling genes/pathways, this study emphasizes the important role of S-driven denitrifiers on N2O emissions and various possible coupling mechanisms of ANMEs and SRB along the mangrove sediment depth. The exploration of potential coupling mechanisms provides novel insights into future synthetic microbial community construction and analysis. This study also has important implications for predicting ecosystem functions within the context of environmental and global change. Video Abstract
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- 2023
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8. Structural Characterization and Immunoenhancing Properties of Polysaccharide CPTM-P1 from Taxus media
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Jiangtao Fan, Xiong Huang, Mengke Dou, Shuqin Tang, Gang Wang, Yijun Fan, Aoxue Luo, and Yong Wang
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Taxus media ,polysaccharide ,structural characterization ,immunoenhancing properties ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Taxus media hrough an aqueous method were further refined by removing proteins via the Sevag technique and purified by dialysis. The separation of these polysaccharides was accomplished using a DEAE-cellulose chromatog-raphy column, yielding two distinct fractions, named CPTM-P1 and CPTM-P2. Notably, CPTM-P1 emerged as the primary polysaccharide component within Taxus media. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis focusing exclusively on CPTM-P1 was undertaken. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was established through gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and its monosaccharide composition was deciphered using HPLC-MS. The structure was further elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was determined to be 968.7 kDa. The monosaccharide composition consisted of galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), galacturonic acid (Gal-UA), glucose (Glc), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), fucose (Fuc), glucuronic acid (Glc-UA), and ribose (Rib). The proportional distribution of these components was 30.53%, 22.00%, 5.63%, 11.67%, 11.93%, 1.69%, 8.50%, 1.23%, 5.63%, and 1.17%, respectively. This confirmed CPTM-P1 as an acidic heteropolysaccharide with a glycuronic acid backbone. Moreover, CPTM-P1 showed immunoenhancing properties, effectively augmenting the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Additionally, it significantly enhances the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells. These findings underscore the potential application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, providing a solid scientific basis for further exploration and utilization of Taxus media polysaccharides.
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- 2024
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9. Ultrasonic extraction, structural modification and gastric mucosal cells protective activity of a polysaccharide from Dendrobium denneanum
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Yijun Fan, Jie Ma, Gang Wang, Xuebing Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Erya Xu, and Aoxue Luo
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Ultrasonic extraction ,Dendrobium denneanum ,Polysaccharide ,Low-temperature plasma ,Structural characteristics ,GES-1 cells ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum by Response surface design (RSM). The main polysaccharide (DP40) from was separated by anion exchange chromatography, and its structure was modified by low-temperature plasma. The results showed that the polysaccharide extraction rate of ultrasonic was 22.98 ± 0.97%, which was significantly higher than water extraction method(P
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- 2023
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10. Developmental toxicity of perfluorohexane sulfonate at human relevant dose during pregnancy via disruption in placental lipid homeostasis
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Wencong Yao, Jingjing Xu, Weitian Tang, Chang Gao, Lin Tao, Jie Yu, Jia Lv, Hua Wang, Yijun Fan, De-Xiang Xu, and Yichao Huang
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PFHxS ,Gestational exposure ,Developmental toxicology ,Placenta ,Lipid homeostasis ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PFHxS) is the third most abundant per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and its developmental toxicity remains very poorly understood. Here, pregnant mice exposed to PFHxS at human relevant dose showed increased fetal death incidence in the high-dose PFHxS-H group (P
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- 2023
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11. Enhancement of Macrophage Immunity against Chlamydial Infection by Natural Killer T Cells
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Ying Peng, Sai Qiao, Hong Wang, Sudhanshu Shekhar, Shuhe Wang, Jie Yang, Yijun Fan, and Xi Yang
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Chlamydia ,macrophage ,iNKT cells ,M1 ,JAK/STAT signalling pathway ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Lung macrophage (LM) is vital in host defence against bacterial infections. However, the influence of other innate immune cells on its function, including the polarisation of different subpopulations, remains poorly understood. This study examined the polarisation of LM subpopulations (monocytes/undifferentiated macrophages (Mo/Mφ), interstitial macrophages (IM), and alveolar macrophages (AM)). We further assessed the effect of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) on LM polarisation in a protective function against Chlamydia muridarum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, and respiratory tract infection. We found a preferentially increased local Mo/Mφ and IMs with a significant shift to a type-1 macrophage (M1) phenotype and higher expression of iNOS and TNF-α. Interestingly, during the same infection, the alteration of macrophage subpopulations and the shift towards M1 was much less in iNKT KO mice. More importantly, functional testing by adoptively transferring LMs isolated from iNKT KO mice (iNKT KO-Mφ) conferred less protection than those isolated from wild-type mice (WT-Mφ). Further analyses showed significantly reduced gene expression of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway molecules in iNKT KO-Mφ. The data show an important role of iNKT in promoting LM polarisation to the M1 direction, which is functionally relevant to host defence against a human intracellular bacterial infection. The alteration of JAK/STAT signalling molecule gene expression in iNKT KO-Mφ suggests the modulating effect of iNKT is likely through the JAK/STAT pathway.
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- 2024
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12. Heat Stress Alleviation by Exogenous Calcium in the Orchid Dendrobium nobile Lindl: A Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analysis
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Yijun Fan, Jie Ma, Yuanyuan Liu, Xueyan Tan, Xuebing Li, Erya Xu, Linlong Xu, and Aoxue Luo
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Dendrobium nobile ,heat stress ,exogenous calcium ,transcriptome ,gene expression ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The growth of Dendrobium nobile is sensitive to heat stress. To find an effective method for enhancing heat tolerance, this study investigated the relieving effect of exogenous calcium at different concentrations (0 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 15 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L CaCl2) on heat stress in D. nobile. Principal component analysis was used to screen the optimal exogenous calcium concentration, and transcriptome analysis was used to reveal its possible heat tolerance mechanism. The results showed that compared with the T0, a 10 mmol/L calcium treatment: increased the average leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and fresh matter accumulation of D. nobile by 76%, 103.39%, 12.97%, and 12.24%, respectively (p < 0.05); significantly increased chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), carotenoids(Car), ascorbic acid (ASA), glutathione (GSH), and flavonoids by 15.72%, 8.54%, 11.88%, 52.17%, 31.54%, and 36.12%, respectively; and effectively enhanced the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 1.38, 1.61, and 2.16 times, respectively (p < 0.05); At the same time, the treatment can effectively reduce the yellow leaf rate and defoliation rate of D. nobile under heat stress. The principal component analysis method and membership function were used to calculate the D value to rank the relief effects of each calcium treatment group, and the results also showed that 10 mmol/L CaCl2 had the best relief effect. Transcriptomics testing identified 7013 differentially expressed genes, of which 2719 were upregulated, and 294 were downregulated. Among them, genes such as HSPA1s, HSP90A, HSPBP1, ATG8, COMT, REF1, E1.11.1.7, along with transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH, WRKY, and NAC, formed the network of tolerance to heat stress in D. nobile. This study provides new insights for improving the cultivation techniques of D. nobile.
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- 2023
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13. Isolation, Structural Characteristics Analysis of a Vigna unguiculata Polysaccharide VUP80-3 and Its Protective Effect on GES-1 Cells In Vitro
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Yijun Fan, Erya Xu, Jie Ma, Xuebing Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Linlong Xu, and Aoxue Luo
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Vigna unguiculata ,polysaccharide ,structural characterization ,gastric mucosal cells ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the main edible legume vegetables in China, and it can improve spleen and stomach function. A polysaccharide component (VUP80-3) has been isolated from V. unguiculata in this study. The average molecular weight of VUP80-3 is 6.43 × 104 Da, and the main monosaccharide group is glucose. The mass ratio of monosaccharide groups in the polysaccharide was glucose:galactose:arabinose:rhamnose:xylose:mannose:fucose = 152.36:24.50:16.53:8.13:1.26:0.97:0.82. NMR analysis showed that VUP80-3 has →4)-α-D-Galp (1→ and →4)-α-D-Glcp(1→ main chain and →3,4)-β-D-Glcp(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ branch chains, and the terminal sugar is α-D-Glcp(1→. Biological activity test results showed that VUP80-3 at 1000 μg·mL−1 significantly increased the activity of ethanol injured GES-1 cells (p < 0.01) and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ethanol injured GES-1 cells and inflammatory factors (IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α,) in GES-1 cells. This compound also reduced the apoptosis rate (p < 0.05), thereby significantly reducing the oxidative damage caused by ethanol in GES-1 cells. Therefore, VUP80-3 is a potential drug to protect the gastric mucosa from damage.
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- 2023
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14. Research on Product Yield Prediction and Benefit of Tuning Diesel Hydrogenation Conversion Device Based on Data-Driven System
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Qianqian Zheng, Yijun Fan, Zhi Zhou, Hongbo Jiang, and Xiaolong Zhou
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RLG process ,deep neural network ,yield prediction model ,genetic algorithm ,benefit optimization model ,Technology - Abstract
In the refining process, a large amount of data are generated in daily production, and how to make full use of these data to improve the accuracy of simulation is the key to improving the operation level of refineries. At the same time, with the increasing environmental regulations and the improvement of gasoline and diesel quality standards, the ratio of diesel to gasoline is also changing with people’s demand for fuel consumption. Catalytic cracking light cycle oil (LCO) hydrogenation conversion technology (react LCO into gasoline, RLG) can produce modified diesel with high-octane gasoline, a high cetane number, and a low sulfur content, which improves the added value of the product. In this article, based on the production and operation data of a 1 million tons/year RLG device, a device yield prediction model was established using a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm, and the model was further optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) to maximize the economic benefits of the device. As a result, the gasoline production yield increased by more than 3%. The experimental results show that the established model has a good reference value for improving the economic benefits of the RLG device.
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- 2023
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15. Transcriptional and Physiological Analysis Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Fertilization (N, P, K) on the Growth and Synthesis of Medicinal Components of Dendrobium denneanum
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Yijun Fan, Erya Xu, Gang Wang, Dingxin He, Jie Ma, Yuanyuan Liu, Xuebing Li, and Aoxue Luo
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Dendrobium denneanum ,transcriptome ,fertilization ,orthogonal experimental design ,medicinal compounds ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Dendrobium denneanum is an important medicinal and ornamental plant. Its ornamental and medicinal values are affected by its vegetative growth conditions and chemical composition accumulation. This study adopted an orthogonal experimental design to treat D. denneanum with nine different levels of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P). The morphological indicators of the plant were positively correlated with the nitrogen concentration. The polysaccharide content was the highest at 1500 mg·L−1 nitrogen and 3000 mg·L−1 phosphorous and was 26.84% greater than the control. The flavonoid content increased by 36.2% at 500 mg·L−1 nitrogen, 2000 mg·L−1 phosphorous, and 300 mg·L−1 potassium. Principal component score analysis showed that nitrogen had the most significant impact on the various indicators of D. denneanum, followed by phosphorus and potassium. The comprehensive score showed that the T9 treatment (N: 1500 mg·L−1, P: 3000 mg·L−1, K: 500 mg·L−1) had the strongest effect on D. denneanum. Transcriptional analysis showed that compared with the control, the T9 treatment led to 2277 differentially expressed genes (1230 upregulated and 1047 downregulated). This includes fifteen genes enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, five genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and two genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. These genes may be involved in regulating plant growth and the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and flavonoids. This study provides guidance for the optimal use of N, P, and K in the cultivation of D. denneanum.
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- 2023
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16. Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) in Three Forms: In Vitro Digestion Model and Metabolomics Approach
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Ziying Hu, Yanan Ma, Jun Liu, Yijun Fan, Anran Zheng, Pengyan Gao, Liang Wang, and Dunhua Liu
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goji berry ,bioaccessibility ,carotenoids ,metabolomics ,zeaxanthin dipalmita ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L., LBL) is a good source of carotenoids, while the bioaccessibility of various types of LBL carotenoids has not been explored. In the study, eight carotenoids, three carotenoid esters and two carotenoid glycosylated derivatives were identified by a non−targeted metabolomics approach. The dried LBL (DRI), LBL in water (WAT), and LBL in “Baijiu” (WIN) were used to recreate the three regularly chosen types of utilization, and the in vitro digestion model showed that the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids increased significantly from the oral to the gastric and intestinal phase (p < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of LBL carotenoids was the most elevated for DRI (at 28.2%), followed by WIN and WAT (at 24.9% and 20.3%, respectively). Among the three carotenoids, zeaxanthin dipalmitate showed the highest bioaccessibility (51.8–57.1%), followed by β−carotene (51.1–55.6%) and zeaxanthin (45.2–56.3%). However, the zeaxanthin from DRI exhibited significantly higher bioaccessibility (up to 58.3%) than WAT and WIN in both the gastric and intestinal phases (p < 0.05). Results of antioxidant activity tests based on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS showed that the addition of lipids improved the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids. (p < 0.05).
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- 2022
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17. N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification: An Emerging Immunotherapeutic Approach to Turning Up Cold Tumors
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Lei Zhan, Junhui Zhang, Suding Zhu, Xiaojing Liu, Jing Zhang, Wenyan Wang, Yijun Fan, Shiying Sun, Bing Wei, and Yunxia Cao
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N6-methyladenosine RNA modification ,tumor microenvironment ,cold tumors ,hot tumors ,biomarker ,prognosis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Immunotherapy is a novel clinical approach that has shown clinical efficacy in multiple cancers. However, only a fraction of patients respond well to immunotherapy. Immuno-oncological studies have identified the type of tumors that are sensitive to immunotherapy, the so-called hot tumors, while unresponsive tumors, known as “cold tumors,” have the potential to turn into hot ones. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying cold tumor formation must be elucidated, and efforts should be made to turn cold tumors into hot tumors. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification affects the maturation and function of immune cells by controlling mRNA immunogenicity and innate immune components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting its predominant role in the development of tumors and its potential use as a target to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we first describe the TME, cold and hot tumors, and m6A RNA modification. Then, we focus on the role of m6A RNA modification in cold tumor formation and regulation. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical implications and immunotherapeutic approaches of m6A RNA modification in cancer patients. In conclusion, m6A RNA modification is involved in cold tumor formation by regulating immunity, tumor-cell-intrinsic pathways, soluble inhibitory mediators in the TME, increasing metabolic competition, and affecting the tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, m6A RNA modification regulators may potentially be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for different types of cancer. In addition, targeting m6A RNA modification may sensitize cancers to immunotherapy, making it a promising immunotherapeutic approach for turning cold tumors into hot ones.
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- 2021
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18. NLRC5 Inhibits Inflammation of Secretory Phase Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells by Up-Regulating Autophagy in Ovarian Endometriosis
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Runhua He, Xiaojing Liu, Jing Zhang, Zhongzheng Wang, Wenyan Wang, Liutao Fu, Yijun Fan, Shiying Sun, Yunxia Cao, Lei Zhan, and Lijun Shui
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NLRC5 ,ovarian endometriosis ,ectopic endometrial stromal cells ,autophagy ,inflammation ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Nod-like receptor (NLR) family caspase activation and recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5) is a newly identified sub-class of the NLR family. It regulates inflammation and has a key function in innate and adaptive immunologic reactions. Autophagy has been reported to be crucially linked to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Our recent study identify there is a negative correlation between NLRC5 and autophagy in endometriosis, indicating that NLRC5 and autophagy together act as promising predictors in endometriosis patients. However, the mechanism associating NLRC5 and autophagy in endometriosis is still not completely understood. We hypothesize that autophagy could be involved in NLRC5-mediated inflammation in endometriosis. In order to validate the assumption, we evaluate the effects of NLRC5 and autophagy in the inflammation of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) of ovarian endometriosis patients, to specifically determine whether autophagy is involved in NLRC5-mediated inflammation in EESCs. Our results show that over-expression of NLRC5 results in the up-regulation of autophagy in EESCs and inhibition of NLRC5 restricts the level of autophagy in EESCs. Furthermore, over-expression of NLRC5 and promotion of autophagy inhibit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions, whereas inhibition of NLRC5 and autophagy up-regulate IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in EESCs. Additionally, promotion of autophagy contributes to the NLRC5-mediated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in EESCs; inhibition of autophagy restricts NLRC5-mediated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in EESCs. Our results suggest that over-expression of NLRC5 promotes autophagy, thereby inhibiting inflammation in ovarian endometriosis.
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- 2020
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19. NLRC5 promotes cell migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in endometrial cancer
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Yijun Fan, Zhen Dong, Yuchuan Shi, Shiying Sun, Bing Wei, and Lei Zhan
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective NOD-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain family domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) is involved in the development of cancer. Our objective was to explore the role of NLRC5 in the progression of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods The roles of NLRC5 in migration and invasion of AN3CA EC cells were examined by cell wound-healing assay, Transwell migration, and invasion analysis. Overexpression of NLRC5 was achieved with NLRC5 plasmid, and knockdown of NLRC5 was achieved using small interfering (si)RNA-NLRC5 in AN3CA cells. The expression of NLRC5 was detected by immunohistochemical, western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. LY294002 was used to inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Results NLRC5 was downregulated in EC tissue compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of NLRC5 led to upregulation of cell migration and invasion in AN3CA cells and expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9. Inhibition of NLRC5 restricted migration and invasion of AN3CA cells and expression of MMP9. Overexpression of NLRC5 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by using LY294002 blocked the positive role of NLRC5 in migration and invasion of AN3CA cells and expression of MMP9. Conclusions These results demonstrate that NLRC5 promotes EC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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- 2020
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20. Characterization and Antihyperglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb Roots
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Yijun Fan, Qinyi He, Aoshuang Luo, Miaoyu Wang, and Aoxue Luo
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Dioscorea opposita Thunb ,antihyperglycemic ,polysaccharide ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A polysaccharide DOTP-80 from Dioscorea opposita Thunb was obtained by using the method of acid water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation. After being purified by chromatography, the structure characteristics of DOTP-80 were established. Based on the calibration curve obtained with standard dextrans, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction DOTP-80 was calculated to be 123 kDa. The results of Infrared spectrum (FT-IR) indicated that the polysaccharide contained the α-configuration of sugar units. GC-MS analysis revealed that DOTP-80 was mainly composed of mannose and glucose. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and mice models were developed to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of the polysaccharide. The results indicated that a high dose DOTP-80 (400 mg/kg) had strong hypoglycemic activity. Moreover, DOTP-80 could increase the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD) activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and stimulate an increase in glucose disposal in diabetic rats. Therefore, the polysaccharide DOTP-80 should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
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- 2015
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21. Characterization and Antitumor Activity of a Polysaccharide from Sarcodia ceylonensis
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Yijun Fan, Mengchuan Lin, Aoshuang Luo, Ze Chun, and Aoxue Luo
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Sarcodia ceylonensis ,polysaccharide ,antitumor ,purification ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide from Sarcodia ceylonensis was obtained by using the method of water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation. The polysaccharide was further purified by chromatography on AB-8 and ADS-7 columns, yielding a pure polysaccharide termed SCP-60. The molecular weight (Mw) of SCP-60 was calculated to be 50.0 kDa, based on the calibration curve obtained with a series of Dextran T standards. The results of FT-IR indicated that the polysaccharide contains the α-configuration of sugar units. GC-MS analysis revealed that SCP-60 was mainly composed of galactose and glucose. NMR spectroscopy revealed SCP-60 had the backbone consisting of →6)-α-Manp-(1→, α-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-Galp-(1→. In order to evaluate the antitumor activity in vivo of the polysaccharide, a sarcoma 180 model was used. The results showed SCP-60 had strong antitumor ability, meanwhile, SCP-60 at a high dose (100 mg/kg) could significantly increase the thymic and splenic indices of S180 mice, and strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, increase the SOD activities and reduce the concentrations of MDA in blood. Therefore the polysaccharide SCP-60 should be explored as a novel potential antitumor drug.
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- 2014
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22. Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro and in Vivo of the Polysaccharides from Boletus edulis Bull
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Yijun Fan, Jiandong Huang, Aoshuang Luo, and Aoxue Luo
- Subjects
Boletus edulis Bull ,polysaccharide ,purification ,antioxidant activity ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP) was extracted from Boletus edulis Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw), IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.
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- 2012
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23. In vitro Antioxidant of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook
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Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo
- Subjects
Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook ,polysaccharide ,antioxidant activity ,in vitro ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DFHP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 209.3 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DFHP was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in a content ratio of 37.52%; 43.16%; 19.32%. The investigation of antioxidant activity in vitro showed that DFHP is a potential antioxidant.
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- 2011
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24. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium denneanum
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XingJin He, Yijun Fan, Aoshuang Luo, Aoxue Luo, Ze Chun, and Zhongfu Ge
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Dendrobium denneanum ,polysaccharide ,antioxidant activity ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DDP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium denneanum through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 484.7 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DDP was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:2.66:8.92:34.20:10.16. The investigation of antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo showed that DDP is a potential antioxidant.
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- 2011
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25. Chlamydial lung infection induces transient IL-9 production which is redundant for host defense against primary infection.
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Ying Peng, Xiaoling Gao, Jie Yang, Sudhanshu Shekhar, Shuhe Wang, Yijun Fan, and Xi Yang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IL-9/Th9 responses are recently found to be important for innate and adaptive immunity particularly in parasitic infections. To date, the study on the role of IL-9 in bacterial infections is limited and the reported data are contradictory. One reported function of IL-9/Th9 is to modulate Th1/Th17 responses. Since our and others' previous work has shown a critical role of Th1 and Th17 cells in host defense against chlamydial lung infection, we here examined the role of IL-9 responses in Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection, particularly its effect on Th1 and Th17 responses and outcome infection. Our data showed quick but transient IL-9 production in the lung following infection, peaking at day 3 and back to baseline around day 7. CD4+ T cell was the major source of IL-9 production in the lung infection. Blockade of endogenous IL-9 using neutralizing antibody failed to change Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17 production by cultured spleen mononuclear cells isolated from Cm infected mice. Similarly, in vivo neutralization of IL-9 failed to show significant effect on T cell (Th1 and Th17) and antibody responses (IgA, IgG1 and IgG2a). Consistently, the neutralization of IL-9 had no significant effect on disease process, including body weight change, bacterial burden and histopathological score. The data suggest that IL-9 production following chlamydial lung infection is redundant for host defense against the intracellular bacteria.
- Published
- 2015
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26. CD8+ DC, but Not CD8(-)DC, isolated from BCG-infected mice reduces pathological reactions induced by mycobacterial challenge infection.
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Xiaoling Gao, Shuhe Wang, Yijun Fan, Hong Bai, Jie Yang, and Xi Yang
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Tuberculosis is a mycobacterial infection causing worldwide public health problems but the available vaccine is far from ideal. Type-1 T cell immunity has been shown to be critical for host defence against tuberculosis infection, but the role of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in pathogenesis of mycobacterial infection remains unclear.We examined the effectiveness of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in BCG-infected mice in generating immune responses beneficial for pathogen clearance and reduction of pathological reactions in the tissues following challenge infection. Our data showed that only the adoptive transfer of the subset of CD8alpha+ DC isolated from infected mice (iCD8+ DC) generated significant protection, demonstrated by less mycobacterial growth and pathological changes in the lung and liver tissues in iCD8+ DC recipients than sham-treated control mice. The adoptive transfer of the CD8alpha(-)DC from the infected mice (iCD8(-) DC) not only failed to reduce bacterial growth, but enhanced inflammation characterized by diffuse heavy cellular infiltration. Notably, iCD8(-) DC produced significantly higher levels of IL-10 than iCD8+ DC and promoted more Th2 cytokine responses in in vitro DC-T cell co-culture and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments.The data indicate that in vivo BCG-primed CD8+ DC is the dominant DC subset in inducing protective immunity especially for reducing pathological reactions in infected tissues. The finding has implications for the rational improvement of the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for controlling tuberculosis infection and related diseases.
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- 2010
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27. Androgen Receptor Is Expressed in the Majority of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases and Is Subtype-Dependent
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Kevin Yijun Fan, Rania Chehade, Maleeha Qazi, Veronika Moravan, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, and Katarzyna J. Jerzak
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androgen receptor ,breast cancer ,brain metastasis ,immunohistochemistry ,Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression of the “targetable” androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer brain metastases (BrM). An established, retrospective 57-patient cohort with metastatic breast cancer who underwent surgery for BrM at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre between 1999–2013 was studied. AR expression in BrM samples was assessed in triplicate using immunohistochemistry (IHC). AR positive status was defined as nuclear AR expression ≥ 10% by IHC using the SP107 antibody. The median age of patients was 52 years (range 32–85 years). 28 (49%) of BrM were HER2+, 17 (30%) were hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2−, and 12 (21%) were triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). 56% (n = 32/57) of BrM were AR positive, and median AR expression was 20% (CI 1.6–38.3%). AR expression was different across breast cancer subtypes; AR was most frequently expressed in HER2+ (n = 21/28), followed by HR+/HER2− (n = 9/17), and lowest in TNBC (n = 2/12) BrM (p = 0.003). Patients with AR positive versus AR negative BrM had similar overall survival (12.5 vs. 7.9 months, p = 0.6), brain-specific progression-free survival (8.0 vs. 5.1 months, p = 0.95), and time from breast cancer diagnosis to BrM diagnosis (51 vs. 29 months, p = 0.16). AR is expressed in the majority of breast cancer BrM and represents a potential therapeutic target.
- Published
- 2023
28. LC3 and NLRC5 interaction inhibits NLRC5-mediated MHC class I antigen presentation pathway in endometrial cancer
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Lei Zhan, Junhui Zhang, Jing Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Suding Zhu, Yuchuan Shi, Yu He, Wenyan Wang, Yijun Fan, Zhenhai Tang, Guo Chen, Bing Wei, and Yunxia Cao
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Cancer Research ,Antigen Presentation ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Middle Aged ,Models, Biological ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Autophagic Punctum ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Immunophenotyping ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mice ,Oncology ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Neoplasm Grading ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background: The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC- I) transactivator, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5), serves as a target for immune evasion in many cancers, including endometrial cancer (EC). An inhibition of autophagy can contribute to immunotherapy by assisting the MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism for autophagy-regulated MHC-I in EC remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy on NLRC5 and MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation, and to identify the potential mechanisms underlying this process in EC.Methods: We examined the levels of autophagy and MHC-I genes by performing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), RNA-seq sequencing, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. The t-test, F-test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for statistical evaluations of tissue microarrays. Immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay were performed. HEC-1A, AN3CA, and Ishikawa EC cells were transfected designed, and the role of LC3 and NLRC5 in MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation in EC was further evaluated in a xenotransplantation model of HEC-1A cell line. Results: Autophagy was upregulated in EC endometrium as compared to that in normal endometrium. MHC I and NLRC5 expressions were lower in EC endometrium than in normal endometrium. Autophagy played a negative role in the MHC-I genes expression in vitro. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between LC3 and NLRC5 levels, and LC3 interacted with NLRC5 to inhibit NLRC5-mediated MHC-I antigen presentation pathway in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: An upregulation of LC3 in EC patients may contribute to tumor immune escape by restricting the NLRC5-mediated MHC-I antigen presentation pathway, suggesting that inhibiting LC3 and promoting NLRC5 may be a promising immunotherapy strategy in the management of EC.
- Published
- 2021
29. Efficacy and Safety of Bone-Targeting Radioisotopes in Patients with Bone Metastases: A Meta-Analysis
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Yijun Fan, Guoping Shen, and Wanzhong Ye
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone targeting ,business.industry ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,In patient ,business - Abstract
Background: Radionuclides such as Strontium-89, Samarium-153, and Radium-223 are commonly used for the treatment of bone metastases (BM) and they have shown efficacy in previous studies. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the curative performance of different types of radionuclides in patients with BM, and to provide evidence for further future research and clinical practice.Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched. Studies using radionuclides therapy to cure patients were included. Pooled overall response rate, occurrence rates of common adverse events, hazard ratio (HR), and their respective 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated.Results: A total of 28 articles with 33 studies patients were identified for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The types of radionuclides used in the studies contained 89Sr, 153Sm, 223Ra, 186Re, and 188Re. The overall response rate was 72% [66%, 77%]. The respective overall response rates of 89Sr, 153Sm, and 223Ra were 72% [64%, 79%], 80% [75%, 84%], and 54% [32%, 75%]. In the survival analysis, the pooled HR was 0.85 [0.67, 1.08]. The pooled occurrence rate of leucocyte hematological toxicity of any grade was 5% [2%, 8%]. The pooled occurrence rate of thrombocytopenia of any grade was 7% [5%, 8%]. With regard to anemia, the pooled occurrence rate of any grade was 15% [11%, 19%].Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that radionuclides therapy is efficacious in patients, type of radionuclides and history of patients should be considered to prevent potential adverse events.
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- 2021
30. Zinc affects physiology and biosynthesis of medicinal components in Dendrobium nobile Lindl
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Yijun Fan, Ting Jiang, ze chun, gang wang, Suping Gao, shangrao pu, and aoxue luo
- Published
- 2020
31. NLRC5 promotes cell migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in endometrial cancer
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Lei Zhan, Yuchuan Shi, Yijun Fan, Zhen Dong, Shiying Sun, and Bing Wei
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Medicine (General) ,migration ,Biochemistry ,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway ,Endometrium ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,NLRC5 ,Receptor ,Domain family ,Caspase ,Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ,biology ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Cell migration ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,invasion ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,endometrial cancer ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Signal Transduction ,Morpholines ,Hysterectomy ,Pre-Clinical Research Report ,03 medical and health sciences ,R5-920 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Cell Proliferation ,Pi3k akt signaling ,business.industry ,Endometrial cancer ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Cancer ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,030104 developmental biology ,Chromones ,matrix metallopeptidase 9 ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,business ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - Abstract
Objective NOD-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain family domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) is involved in the development of cancer. Our objective was to explore the role of NLRC5 in the progression of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods The roles of NLRC5 in migration and invasion of AN3CA EC cells were examined by cell wound-healing assay, Transwell migration, and invasion analysis. Overexpression of NLRC5 was achieved with NLRC5 plasmid, and knockdown of NLRC5 was achieved using small interfering (si)RNA-NLRC5 in AN3CA cells. The expression of NLRC5 was detected by immunohistochemical, western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. LY294002 was used to inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Results NLRC5 was downregulated in EC tissue compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of NLRC5 led to upregulation of cell migration and invasion in AN3CA cells and expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9. Inhibition of NLRC5 restricted migration and invasion of AN3CA cells and expression of MMP9. Overexpression of NLRC5 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by using LY294002 blocked the positive role of NLRC5 in migration and invasion of AN3CA cells and expression of MMP9. Conclusions These results demonstrate that NLRC5 promotes EC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
- Published
- 2020
32. Screening and characterization of an acid polysaccharide with antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum (Kerr)
- Author
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Aoxue Luo, Yijun Fan, Xueyan Tan, Juan Zhao, Kaigang Yang, Shengdi Wu, Jiao Zhang, Shangrao Pu, and Gang Wang
- Subjects
Drug Discovery ,Pharmaceutical Science - Published
- 2022
33. Autophagy as an emerging therapy target for ovarian carcinoma
- Author
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Wenyan Wang, Yijun Fan, Enxue Song, Yu Zhang, Lei Zhan, Jun Li, and Bing Wei
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,autophagy ,endocrine system diseases ,therapies ,mechanism ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ovarian carcinoma ,microRNA ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Mechanism (biology) ,Autophagy ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,dual functions ,ovarian carcinoma ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Drug Design ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,Female ,Signal transduction ,business ,Ovarian cancer ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digestion pathway for maintenance of homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions. Autophagy plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as aging-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Of special note is that accumulating data suggest an intimate relationship between autophagy and ovarian carcinoma. Autophagy is well identified to act as either as a tumor-suppressor or as a tumor-promoter in ovarian carcinoma. The exact function of autophagy in ovarian carcinoma is highly dependent on the circumstances of cancer including hypoxic, nutrient-deficient, chemotherapy and so on. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy associated with ovarian carcinoma remains elusive, the precise role of autophagy in ovarian carcinoma also remains undetermined. In this review, we tried to sum up and discuss recent research achievements of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Moreover, waves of novel therapies ways for ovarian carcinoma based on the functions of autophagy were collected.
- Published
- 2016
34. Data Analysis of Hydraulic Fracturing Pressure in Unconventional Oil and Gas Fields
- Author
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Yijun Fan, Yueli Li, Tonghao Xu, and Jingchao Lei
- Subjects
Hydraulic fracturing ,Petroleum engineering ,Unconventional oil ,Geology - Abstract
After the completion of fracturing construction in unconventional oil and gas fields, the phenomenon of water hammer oscillation in the process of pump stopping during fracturing construction will lead to the inaccuracy of reflecting the trend of pressure transformation and increase the difficulty of fracturing effect evaluation in the process of fracturing construction. Therefore, three filtering methods, Savitzky-Golay filter, FFT filter and wavelet transform filter, are used to calibrate the measured pressure in this paper It is found that the method of wavelet transform can achieve the most ideal effect by comparing with the measured data. The field example of well X1 in Ordos Basin proves that the method of wavelet transform can accurately reflect the trend of pressure transformation. This method is of great significance to improve the evaluation of post pressure effect in the process of fracturing construction.
- Published
- 2020
35. Isolation, structural characteristics, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the acid polysaccharide isolated from Pholiota nameko
- Author
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Shangrao Pu, Aoxue Luo, Gang Wang, Ze Chun, Yijun Fan, Miao Rongsu, Ma Jie, and Yuanzhi Pan
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,Chromatography ,ABTS ,biology ,Chemistry ,Superoxide ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pholiota ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biological activity ,Uronic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Polysaccharide ,Gel permeation chromatography ,enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,heterocyclic compounds - Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed that edible fungi are rich in polysaccharides, which typically have strong biological activity. Pholiota nameko is one of the main cultivated edible fungi and an important economic crop. Objectives: In order to screen a polysaccharide with antioxidant activity from Pholiota nameko. Methods and Materials: A water-soluble acidic P. nameko polysaccharide (PNP) was found from extraction with alkaline water. After purification by chromatography, the structural features of PNP were analyzed by chromatographic, spectral, & nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and the content of sulfate & uronic acid in PNP was determined concurrently. Results: The content of sulfate and uronic acid was 1.756 and 7.173 w/w, respectively. The molecular weight of PNP was 1.05 × 106 Da by gel permeation chromatography. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectra displayed that the following sugar chains might be present in PNP: β-1,4-D-Manp, →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, β-1,3-D-Glcp, β-D-Xylp-(1→. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity showed that PNP had a strong scavenging ability to scavenge ABTS+, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The results of our in vivo experiments exposed that PNP might significantly lessen the formation of malondialdehyde. High levels of PNP can meaningfully increase the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in mice serum. In addition, PNP can significantly increase the activity of GSH-Px, effectively protect the structure and function of the cell membrane. Conclusion: PNP has antioxidant effect and can be explored as a potential antioxidant.
- Published
- 2020
36. Characterization and Antihyperglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb Roots
- Author
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Aoxue Luo, Luo Aoshuang, Qinyi He, Miaoyu Wang, and Yijun Fan
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mannose ,Polysaccharide ,Plant Roots ,Article ,Catalysis ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Inorganic Chemistry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dioscorea opposita Thunb ,Polysaccharides ,In vivo ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Sugar ,Molecular Biology ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Dioscorea ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,antihyperglycemic ,polysaccharide - Abstract
A polysaccharide DOTP-80 from Dioscorea opposita Thunb was obtained by using the method of acid water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation. After being purified by chromatography, the structure characteristics of DOTP-80 were established. Based on the calibration curve obtained with standard dextrans, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction DOTP-80 was calculated to be 123 kDa. The results of Infrared spectrum (FT-IR) indicated that the polysaccharide contained the α-configuration of sugar units. GC-MS analysis revealed that DOTP-80 was mainly composed of mannose and glucose. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and mice models were developed to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of the polysaccharide. The results indicated that a high dose DOTP-80 (400 mg/kg) had strong hypoglycemic activity. Moreover, DOTP-80 could increase the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD) activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and stimulate an increase in glucose disposal in diabetic rats. Therefore, the polysaccharide DOTP-80 should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 2015
37. Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in viral encephalitis
- Author
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Yijun Fan, Marylou V. Solbrig, and Paul R. Hazelton
- Subjects
Male ,Agonist ,Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.drug_class ,Morpholines ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Neuroscience(all) ,Clinical Neurology ,Naphthalenes ,Biology ,Neuroprotection ,Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ,Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ,medicine ,Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ,Animals ,Encephalitis, Viral ,Borna Disease virus ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Molecular Biology ,Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,Microglia ,Cannabinoids ,Cannabinoid type-2 receptor ,General Neuroscience ,Viral encephalitis ,medicine.disease ,Benzoxazines ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Immunology ,Rat ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cannabinoid ,Viral load ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Cannabinoids are promising therapies to support neurogenesis and decelerate disease progression in neuroinflammatory and degenerative disorders. Whether neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids are sustainable during persistent viral infection of the CNS is not known. Using a rodent model of chronic viral encephalitis based on Borna Disease (BD) virus, in which 1 week treatment with the general cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 has been shown to be neuroprotective ( Solbrig et al., 2010 ), we examine longer term (2 week treatment) effects of a general (CB1 and CB2) cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg ip twice per day) or a specific (CB2) cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-308 (5 mg/kg ip once daily) on histopathology, measures of frontostriatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and viral load. We find that WIN and HU-308 differ in their ability to protect new BrdU+ cells. The selective CB2 agonist HU increases BrdU+ cells in prefrontal cortex (PFC), significantly increases BrdU+ cells in striatum, differentially regulates polydendrocytes vs. microglia/macrophages, and reduces immune activation at a time WIN-treated rats appear tolerant to the anti-inflammatory effect of their cannabinoid treatment. WIN and HU had little direct viral effect in PFC and striatum, yet reduced viral signal in hippocampus. Thus, HU-308 action on CB2 receptors, receptors known to be renewed during microglia proliferation and action, is a nontolerizing mechanism of controlling CNS inflammation during viral encephalitis by reducing microglia activation, as well as partially limiting viral infection, and uses a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid agonist.
- Published
- 2013
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38. Antioxidant Activity of Water-soluble Polysaccharides from Brasenia schreberi
- Author
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Yijun Fan, Aoxue Luo, Huiwen Xiao, and Xueru Cai
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radical ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Uronic acid ,Polysaccharide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Food science ,Scavenging ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Brasenia schreberi ,Chromatography ,ABTS ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,uronic acid ,Mucilage ,chemistry ,polysaccharide ,Original Article ,sulfuric radical - Abstract
Objective: In order to investigate the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides (BPL-1 and BPL-2), one of the most important functional constituents in Brasenia schreberi was isolated from the external mucilage of B. schreberi (BPL-1) and the plant in vivo (BPL-2). This paper examines the relationship between the content of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid in BPL and the antioxidant activity of BPL. Materials and Methods: The free radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) and 1,1-diphnyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH-), were used to determine the antioxidant activity of BPL. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of BPL-1 and BPL-2 revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. Results: The two sample types had different contents. This was proved by their different adsorption peak intensities. The IC50 values of BPL-1 (31.189 mg/ml) and BPL-2 (1.863 mg/ml) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Based on the quantification of ABTS radical scavenging, the IC50 value of BPL-1 (5.460 mg/ml) was higher than that of BPL-2 (0.239 mg/ml). Therefore, in terms of the reducing power, the IC50 value of BPL-1 was too high to determine, and the IC50 value of BPL-2 was found to be 50.557 mg/ml. Hence, the antioxidant activity and total reducing power were high, and they were greater in BPL-2 than in BPL-1. In addition, BPL-2 was found to have more sulfuric radicals and uronic acid than BPL-1. Conclusion: The contents of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid are significantly correlated to the antioxidant activity and reducing power of BPL; the more sulfuric radicals and uronic acid, the more antioxidant activity and reducing power BPL has. SUMMARY The water-soluble crude polysaccharides obtained from the external mucilage and the Brasenia schreberi plant in vivo were confirmed to have high contents of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid Both BPL-1 and BPL-2 exhibited antioxidative activity and reducing power, and their antioxidative activity gradually improved with increasing concentrations The content of sulfuric radicals and uronic acid in BPL-1 and BPL-2 might explain their high antioxidant activity. Abbreviations used: BPL-1:Polysaccharide were isolated from the external mucilage of B. Schreberi ; BPL-2: Polysaccharide were isolated from the plant in vivo of B. schreberi ; BPL:Polysaccharide were isolated from B. Schreberi .
- Published
- 2016
39. Respective IL-17A production by γδ T and Th17 cells and its implication in host defense against chlamydial lung infection
- Author
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Shuhe Wang, Ying Peng, Lei Zhao, Xi Yang, Jie Yang, Zhi Yao, Yijun Fan, Antony George Joyee, Huili Zhao, Xiaoling Gao, Hong Bai, and Sai Qiao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,T cell ,Chlamydiaceae ,Immunology ,Chlamydiae ,Biology ,Lymphocyte Depletion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,In vivo ,Immunity ,Interleukin-1alpha ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,Pathogen ,Lung ,Cells, Cultured ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Obligate ,Interleukin-17 ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ,Dendritic Cells ,Chlamydia Infections ,Th1 Cells ,biology.organism_classification ,Bacterial Load ,Immunity, Innate ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Th17 Cells ,Female ,030215 immunology ,Research Article - Abstract
The role of IL-17A is important in protection against lung infection with Chlamydiae, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. In this study, we explored the producers of IL-17A in chlamydial lung infection and specifically tested the role of major IL-17A producers in protective immunity. We found that γδT cells and Th17 cells are the major producers of IL-17A at the early and later stages of chlamydial infection, respectively. Depletion of γδT cells in vivo at the early postinfection (p.i.) stage, when most γδT cells produce IL-17A, failed to alter Th1 responses and bacterial clearance. In contrast, the blockade of IL-17A at the time when IL-17A was mainly produced by Th17 (day 7 p.i.) markedly reduced the Th1 response and increased chlamydial growth. The data suggest that the γδ T cell is the highest producer of IL-17A in the very early stages of infection, but the protection conferred by IL-17A is mainly mediated by Th17 cells. In addition, we found that depletion of γδ T cells reduced IL-1α production by dendritic cells, which was associated with a reduced Th17 response. This finding is helpful to understand the variable role of IL-17A in different infections and to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases by targeting IL-17A.
- Published
- 2016
40. Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro and in Vivo of the Polysaccharides from Boletus edulis Bull
- Author
-
Luo Aoshuang, Aoxue Luo, Yijun Fan, and Jiandong Huang
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,purification ,medicine.medical_treatment ,antioxidant activity ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Boletus edulis Bull ,Chemical Fractionation ,Polysaccharide ,Antioxidants ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Mice ,Polysaccharides ,In vivo ,Malondialdehyde ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Monosaccharide ,Benzothiazoles ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Ethanol precipitation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Hydroxyl Radical ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Basidiomycota ,Monosaccharides ,Organic Chemistry ,Free Radical Scavengers ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,Hot water extraction ,Thiazoles ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Boletus edulis ,polysaccharide ,Chromatography, Gel ,Molecular Medicine ,Sulfonic Acids ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP) was extracted from Boletus edulis Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw), IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.
- Published
- 2012
41. Antioxidant activities of various fractions extracted from Astragalus
- Author
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Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Antioxidant ,food.ingredient ,ABTS ,biology ,Chemistry ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ethyl acetate ,Pharmaceutical Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Astragalus ,food ,Biochemistry ,Herb ,medicine ,Food science ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo assays of the four extracts from the herb ofAstragalus were investigated. 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the extracts in vitro. The effect of ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) in reducing oxidative stress in mice was evaluated. From the results of antioxidant assays in vitro, EAE was found to have the highest antioxidant activity. The antioxidant assay results showed that high doses of EAE significantly decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD activity of mice in vivo. These studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the extract EAE fromAstragalus has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. In summary, the results exhibited that the Astragalus could be used as a rich source of potentially natural antioxidants. Key words: Astragalus, free radical, antioxidant activity.
- Published
- 2011
42. In vitro Antioxidant of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook
- Author
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Aoxue Luo and Yijun Fan
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mannose ,antioxidant activity ,Polysaccharide ,Catalysis ,Article ,Antioxidants ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Dendrobium ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polysaccharides ,medicine ,Monosaccharide ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Ethanol precipitation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Plant Stems ,Organic Chemistry ,Monosaccharides ,Water ,in vitro ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,Hot water extraction ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Galactose ,polysaccharide ,Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
A water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DFHP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 209.3 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DFHP was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in a content ratio of 37.52%; 43.16%; 19.32%. The investigation of antioxidant activity in vitro showed that DFHP is a potential antioxidant.
- Published
- 2011
43. Immune stimulating activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from Dendrobium nobile Lindl
- Author
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Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Size-exclusion chromatography ,Ion chromatography ,Pharmaceutical Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Polysaccharide ,Dendrobium nobile ,Hot water extraction ,Blood serum ,Sephadex ,Ethanol precipitation - Abstract
Four water-soluble polysaccharides (DNP1-1, DNP2-1, DNP3-1 and DNP4-2) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The evaluation of tumor inhibition and immunomodulatory activity suggested that DNP4-2 could significantly increase the immune index, and strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and also decrease the concentrations of MDA in blood serum. DNP4-2 should be explored as a potential anti-tumor drug. Key words: Dendrobium nobile Lindl., immune stimulating, polysaccharide.
- Published
- 2011
44. Evaluation of anti-tumor activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum
- Author
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Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Hot water extraction ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,Chromatography ,Sephadex ,Chemistry ,Size-exclusion chromatography ,Ion chromatography ,Dendrobium denneanum ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Polysaccharide ,Ethanol precipitation - Abstract
Three water-soluble polysaccharides (DDP1-1, DDP2-1 and DDP3-1) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium denneanum by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The main structure characterizations and anti-tumor activities of three fractions were evaluated in this paper. The results showed DDP1-1 with 12.50 mg/kg could significant inhibit the increment of the tumor, increase immune index of S180 mice, and also strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Therefore, results of these studies demonstrated the polysaccharide DDP1-1 has strong anti-tumor and immunomodulation abilities. Key words: Immunomodulating, Dendrobium denneanum, polysaccharide, anti-tumor.
- Published
- 2011
45. ICOS ligand expression is essential for allergic airway hyperresponsiveness
- Author
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Shuhe Wang, Sujata Basu, Xi Yang, Andrew J. Halayko, Yijun Fan, Hongyu Qiu, and Kamran Kadkhoda
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ovalbumin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Immunoglobulin E ,Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand ,Mice ,Immune system ,Internal medicine ,Respiratory Hypersensitivity ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Interleukin 5 ,Cells, Cultured ,Methacholine Chloride ,Interleukin 4 ,Sensitization ,Mice, Knockout ,biology ,Proteins ,General Medicine ,T lymphocyte ,respiratory system ,Immunity, Humoral ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Cytokine ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Th17 Cells ,Female ,Immunization ,Bronchial Hyperreactivity - Abstract
Inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) is a rather newly defined co-stimulatory molecule, which, through interaction with ICOS expressed on T cells, plays an important role in T-cell activation, differentiation and function. T(h)2-type immune responses are critical for the development and maintenance of allergic responses including asthma. Using knockout (KO) mice, we have assessed the role of ICOSL in allergic airway inflammation and responsiveness using a standard mouse asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Our data show that OVA-treated ICOSL KO mice exhibit significantly less lung eosinophilic infiltration, histopathology, mucus production and virtually no airway hyperresponsiveness in contrast to wild-type (Wt) counterparts. Serum antibody analysis showed that antigen-specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgE titers in ICOSL KO mice were significantly lower than those of Wt controls. Also, CD4(+) T cells isolated from ICOSL KO mice produced less T(h)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) but more T(h)1 (IFN-γ) and IL-17 than their Wt controls. Taken together, we conclude that ICOSL plays an important role in predisposing individuals to allergic airway hyperresponsiveness by enhancing IgE antibody class switching and T(h)2 cytokine production and diminishing the T(h)17 response and airway eosinophilia.
- Published
- 2011
46. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium denneanum
- Author
-
Yijun Fan, XingJin He, Luo Aoshuang, Aoxue Luo, Zhongfu Ge, and Ze Chun
- Subjects
Arabinose ,Antioxidant ,endocrine system diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,antioxidant activity ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Xylose ,Polysaccharide ,Article ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Mice ,Random Allocation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Polysaccharides ,Dendrobium denneanum ,polysaccharide ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Monosaccharide ,Benzothiazoles ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ,Ethanol precipitation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Plant Stems ,Hydroxyl Radical ,Plant Extracts ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Monosaccharides ,Organic Chemistry ,Water ,Hot water extraction ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Galactose ,Molecular Medicine ,Sulfonic Acids ,Dendrobium - Abstract
The water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DDP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium denneanum through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 484.7 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DDP was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:2.66:8.92:34.20:10.16. The investigation of antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo showed that DDP is a potential antioxidant.
- Published
- 2011
47. A synthetic cannabinoid agonist promotes oligodendrogliogenesis during viral encephalitis in rats
- Author
-
Marylou V. Solbrig, Neal Hermanowicz, Maria Grazia Morgese, Yijun Fan, and Andrea Giuffrida
- Subjects
Male ,Agonist ,Antimetabolites ,Cell Survival ,medicine.drug_class ,Morpholines ,Neurogenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Central nervous system ,Cell Count ,Naphthalenes ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Article ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Animals ,Encephalitis, Viral ,Borna disease virus ,Prefrontal cortex ,Gliogenesis ,Borna disease ,Neovascularization, Pathologic ,Cannabinoids ,Macrophages ,Stem Cells ,Viral encephalitis ,Cell Differentiation ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Endocannabinoid system ,Benzoxazines ,Rats ,Oligodendroglia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bromodeoxyuridine ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Immunology ,Cannabinoid - Abstract
Chronic CNS infection by several families of viruses can produce deficits in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatal function. Cannabinoid drugs have been long known for their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to modulate adult neuro and gliogenesis. Therefore, we explored the effects of systemic administration of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2(WIN) on prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatal cytogenesis in a viral model of CNS injury and inflammation based on Borna Disease (BD) virus encephalitis. Active BrdU(+) progenitor populations were significantly decreased 1 week after BrdU labeling in BD rats [p0.001 compared to uninfected (NL) controls] while less than 5% of BrdU(+) cells colabeled for BDV protein. Systemic WIN (1mg/kg i.p. twice daily×7 days) increased the survival of BrdU(+) cells in striatum (p0.001) and PFC of BD rats, with differential regulation of labeled oligodendroglia precursors vs microglia/macrophages. WIN increased the percentage of BrdU(+) oligodendrocyte precursor cells and decreased BrdU(+) ED-1-labeled phagocytic cells, without producing pro- or antiviral effects. BDV infection decreased the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in striatum (p0.05 compared to NL rats), whereas 2-AG levels were unchanged. Our findings indicate that: 1) viral infection is accompanied by alterations of AEA transmission in the striatum, but new cell protection by WIN appears independent of its effect on endocannabinoid levels; and 2) chronic WIN treatment alters the gliogenic cascades associated with CNS injury, promoting oligodendrocyte survival. Limiting reactive gliogenesis and macrophage activity in favor of oliogodendroglia development has significance for demyelinating diseases. Moreover, the ability of cannabinoids to promote the development of biologically supportive or symbiotic oligodendroglia may generalize to other microglia-driven neurodegenerative syndromes including NeuroAIDS and diseases of aging.
- Published
- 2010
48. IL-17/Th17 Promotes Type 1 T Cell Immunity against Pulmonary Intracellular Bacterial Infection through Modulating Dendritic Cell Function
- Author
-
Shuhe Wang, Zhi Yao, Xiaoling Gao, Hong Bai, Yijun Fan, Lei Jiao, Jianjun Cheng, Antony George Joyee, and Xi Yang
- Subjects
Intracellular Fluid ,Chlamydia muridarum ,Adoptive cell transfer ,Immunology ,Mice, Transgenic ,Mice ,Immune system ,Immunity ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Lung ,Cells, Cultured ,Immunity, Cellular ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,CD40 ,biology ,Interleukin-17 ,Dendritic Cells ,Dendritic cell ,Chlamydia Infections ,Th1 Cells ,biology.organism_classification ,Coculture Techniques ,biology.protein ,Female ,Intracellular - Abstract
Although their contribution to host defense against extracellular infections has been well defined, IL-17 and Th17 are generally thought to have limited impact on intracellular infections. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of IL-17/Th17 in host defense against Chlamydia muridarum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, lung infection. Our data showed rapid increase in IL-17 production and expansion of Th17 cells following C. muridarum infection and significant detrimental impact of in vivo IL-17 neutralization by anti-IL-17 mAb on disease course, immune response, and dendritic cell (DC) function. Specifically, IL-17-neutralized mice exhibited significantly greater body weight loss, higher organism growth, and much more severe pathological changes in the lung compared with sham-treated control mice. Immunological analysis showed that IL-17 neutralization significantly reduced Chlamydia-specific Th1 responses, but increased Th2 responses. Interestingly, the DC isolated from IL-17-neutralized mice showed lower CD40 and MHC II expression and IL-12 production, but higher IL-10 production compared with those from sham-treated mice. In two DC-T cell coculture systems, DC isolated from IL-17-neutralized mice induced higher IL-4, but lower IFN-γ production by Ag-specific T cells than those from sham-treated mice in cell priming and reaction settings. Adoptive transfer of DC isolated from IL-17-neutralized mice, unlike those from sham-treated mice, failed to protect the recipients against challenge infection. These findings provide in vivo evidence that IL-17/Th17 plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacterial infection, and suggest that IL-17/Th17 can promote type 1 T cell immunity through modulating DC function.
- Published
- 2009
49. Natural Killer T Cells Are Critical for Dendritic Cells to Induce Immunity in Chlamydial Pneumonia
- Author
-
Shuhe Wang, Yijun Fan, Hongyu Qiu, Antony George Joyee, and Xi Yang
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Cell signaling ,T cell ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Cell Communication ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Natural killer cell ,Mice ,Immunity ,Intensive care ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,medicine ,Animals ,Mice, Knockout ,CD40 ,biology ,hemic and immune systems ,Dendritic Cells ,Chlamydia Infections ,Chlamydophila pneumoniae ,Natural killer T cell ,Coculture Techniques ,Killer Cells, Natural ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Intracellular - Abstract
We previously showed an important role of natural killer T cells (NKT) in skewing the adaptive T cell immunity to Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), an intracellular bacterial lung infection, but the mechanism remains unclear.To investigate the underlying mechanism by which NKT modulate T cell responses in chlamydial pneumonia.We examined the effect of NKT activation in modulating DC function, especially in generating protective immunity against Cpn infection using combination of NKT knockout (KO) mice and specific NKT activation approaches.We found that NKT activation in vivo after Cpn infection induces phenotypic and functional changes in dendritic cells (DC). DC from NKT-deficient mice showed reduced CD40 expression and IL-12 production, whereas enhancing NKT activation using alpha-GalCer increased CD40 expression and IL-12 production. Co-culture of DC with NKT enhanced bioactive IL-12p70 production by DC in a CD40L-, IFN-gamma-, and cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Further, co-culture of T cells with DC isolated from infected wild-type (WT) and NKT-deficient mice induced type-1 and type-2 responses, respectively, while DC from alpha-GalCer-treated, infected mice led to enhanced type-1 responses. Moreover, upon adoptive transfer, DC from infected WT mice induced strong type-1 immunity, whereas those from knockout mice induced type-2 responses and increased disease severity upon challenge infection.Our results provide direct evidence of the critical role of NKT activation in the functional modulation of DC for the development of protective immunity in a clinically relevant respiratory infection.
- Published
- 2008
50. Novel Recombinant Interleukin-13 Peptide-based Vaccine Reduces Airway Allergic Inflammatory Responses in Mice
- Author
-
Xi Yang, Allan B. Becker, Sujata Basu, Zhikang Peng, Kent T. HayGlass, Yanbing Ma, Yijun Fan, Andrew J. Halayko, F. Estelle R. Simons, and Ganesh Srinivasan
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,Recombinant Interleukin ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Monoclonal antibody ,Epitope ,Mice ,Antigen ,Intensive care ,Respiratory Hypersensitivity ,medicine ,Animals ,Interleukin-15 ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,Interleukin-13 ,biology ,business.industry ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Interleukin ,Immunoglobulin E ,Asthma ,Recombinant Proteins ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Interleukin 13 ,biology.protein ,Female ,Goblet Cells ,Immunotherapy ,Antibody ,business ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Passive administration of its monoclonal antibody or soluble receptor to block overproduced IL-13 has been proven to be effective in controlling airway allergic responses in animal models, but these approaches have disadvantages of short half-lives, high costs, and possible adverse effects.We sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy through constructing an IL-13 peptide-based vaccine for blocking IL-13 on a persistent effect basis and to evaluate its in vivo effects using a murine model.To break self-tolerance, truncated hepatitis B core antigen was used as a carrier. Vaccine was prepared by inserting a peptide derived from the receptor binding site of mouse IL-13 into the immunodominant epitope region of the carrier using gene recombination methods. Mice received vaccine subcutaneously three times, and then subjected to intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. Control animals received carrier or saline in place of vaccine.The vaccine presented as virus-like particles and induced sustained and high titered IL-13-specific IgG without the use of conventional adjuvant. Vaccination significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced inflammatory cell number, and IL-13 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Serum total and ovalbumin-specific IgE were also significantly inhibited. Moreover, allergen-induced goblet cell hyperplasia, lung tissue inflammatory cell infiltration, and pulmonary hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine were significantly suppressed in vaccinated mice.Our data indicate that IL-13 peptide-based vaccines could be an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of asthma.
- Published
- 2007
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