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Additional file 1: Table S1.Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, front cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S2. Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, front cell, with AuFeNPs. Table S3. Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, center cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S4. Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, center cell, with AuFeNPs. Table S5. Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, back cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S6. Simulation results and standard deviations - 100 kVp, back cell, with AuFeNPs. Table S7. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, front cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S8. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, front cell, with AuFeNPs. Table S9. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, center cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S10. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, center cell, with AuFeNPs. Table S11. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, back cell, without AuFeNPs. Table S12. Simulation results and standard deviations - 200 kVp, back cell, with AuFeNPs.

Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Masterarbeit war der Vergleich acht gängiger und einer neuen Berechnungsmethode zur Vorhersage der postoperativen Refraktion nach vorangegangener Kataraktextraktion und Implantierung einer Intraokularlinse in den Kapselsack sowie die Untersuchung der Veränderung der Ergebnisse unter Verwendung der Parameter der total keratometry (TK) anstelle der standard keratometry (K) Material und Methoden: in dieser retrospektiven Studie werden die präoperativen biometrischen und keratometrischen Werte der Patientinnen und Patienten zur Berechnung durch die betrachteten Formeln herangezogen. Nach erfolgter Operation wird zu zwei unterschiedlichen Untersuchungszeitpunkten (3 und 6 Monate) die subjektive Refraktion ermittelt und daraus das sphärische Äquivalent berechnet. Anschließend wird dieses mit der jeweiligen durch die Formeln vorhergesagten postoperativen Refraktion bei jener eingesetzten Linsenstärke verglichen und der vorliegende Vorhersagefehler ermittelt. Unter Verwendung etablierter Darstellungsformen werden die Ergebnisse untereinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: 100 Augen von 55 Patientinnen und Patienten wurden in die Studie inkludiert. Die mittleren Vorhersagefehler aller Berechnungsmethoden betrugen -0,28 bis +0,13 dpt. Die Berechnung mittels TK-Werten ergab durchschnittlich jeweils etwas geringere Vorhersagefehler zu beiden Zeitpunkten sowie eine geringfügig niedrigere Standardabweichung. Die medianen Vorhersagefehlern lagen alle innerhalb -0,26 und +0,17 dpt. Zu beiden Zeitpunkten wiesen die TK-Werte durchschnittlich einen geringeren Fehler bei einem geringeren bzw. gleichen Interquartilsabstand auf. Sowohl die K- als auch die TK-Werte blieben im Vergleich der beiden Untersuchungszeitpunkte annähernd unverändert. Mit einer Ausnahme betrugen alle mittleren absoluten Vorhersagefehler weniger als 0,50 dpt, die TK-Werte zu beiden Zeitpunkten durchschnittlich minimal geringer als die K-Werte. Durchschnittlich verringerten sich die MAE sowohl bei den K- als auch den TK-Werten zwischen erster und zweiter Untersuchung. Bei den medianen absoluten Vorhersagefehlern traten ebenfalls nur minimale Veränderungen der K- und TK-Werte zwischen den Untersuchungen auf. Die MedAE der TK-Werte betrugen wiederum minimal geringere Ausmaße. Die durchschnittlichen Prozentsätze an Augen innerhalb definierter Dioptrienzahlen lagen jeweils bei den TK-Werten höher. Für 0,25 dpt erzielte Castrop das höchste Ergebnis für alle Linsen, beide Prozentsätze fielen leicht zwischen erstem und zweitem Untersuchungszeitpunkt, für 0,50 dpt und 1,00 dpt stiegen sie. Alle Augen lagen nach 3 und 6 Monaten mit allen Berechnungsmethoden innerhalb 2,00 dpt. Alle Formeln erreichten sehr gute Ergebnisse, mit Barrett II Universal vielversprechendster. Die neue Castrop konnte gleichfalls hervorragende Ergebnisse für alle Linsen sowie die LS-313 MF15-Linsen erzielen, für die Zeiss-Linsen erwies sich die Verwendung des Zeiss IOL Power Calculation Service mit TK-Werten des IOL Master 700 als Methode mit den weitgehend besten Resultaten. Die Verwendung der TK-Werte lieferte für alle Berechnungen mit Ausnahme der IQR der MedAE für die LS-313 MF15-Linsen bessere Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu den K-Werten. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare eight established and one new calculation methods of predicting postoperative refraction after previous cataract extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens into the lens capsule as well as to determine the change of results when using the parameters of total keratometry (TK) instead of standard keratometry (K) Material and Methods: in this retrospective study the patients preoperative biometric and keratometric data were used for calculation with the examined formulas. Subjective refraction was examined at two different examination points after surgery (3 and 6 months) and used to determine the spherical equivalent. As a follow-up the spherical equivalent was compared to the predicted postoperative refraction error matching the implanted IOL power of each formula and the resulting prediction error was gained. The results were compared using established methods of presentation. Results: 100 eyes of 55 patients were included to this study. The mean errors of all calculation methods resulted between -0,28 and +0,13 D. Use of TK-values resulted in slightly lower mean prediction errors for both examination points as well as a slightly lower standard deviation. The median errors all rested within -0,26 D and +0,17 D. At both examination points the calculation using TK-values resulted in lower errors with larger or equal interquartile range in average. Both the K- and TK-values remained nearly the same comparing both examination points. With one exception all mean absolute errors were lower than 0,50 D, with TK-values slightly lower than K-values in average at both examination points. The mean absolute errors of both the K- and TK-values lowered between first and second examination point. For the median absolute error, again, only minimal changes were detected. Again, the TK-values showed slightly lower errors. In average the percentages of eyes within defined ranges were higher for each range using TK-values. Within 0,25 D, the highest result was achieved by Castrop, and percentages for both K- and TK-values were lower after 6 months compared to 3 months, for 0,50 D and 1,00 D the percentages were higher after 6 months. All eyes were within 2,00 D after both examination points. All formulas achieved very good results, with Barrett II universal as most promising. The new Castrop also achieved excellent results for all lenses as well as for the LS-313 MF15-family, for lenses developed by Zeiss use of the Zeiss IOL Power Calculation Service in combination with the TK-values, integrated in the IOL Master 700, achieved the best results. Use of TK-values showed better results for all calculations with only one exception being the IQR of the MedAE for the LS-313 MF15-family, compared to K-values. eingereicht von Stefan Stangl, BSc Universität Linz, Masterarbeit, 2020 (VLID)5763027

The major stress-inducible Hsp70 (HSPA1A) is overexpressed in highly aggressive tumor cells including glioblastoma multiforme and presented on their plasma membrane. Ionizing irradiation increases cytosolic and membrane-bound Hsp70 (mHsp70) on tumor cells. Depending on its intracellular or membrane localization, Hsp70 either promotes tumor growth or serves as a target for the innate immune system. To define the optimal window for a therapy with Hsp70-tageting NK cells the kinetics of the mHsp70 density on the plasma membrane of human glioma cells (U87) has been studied after radiotherapy by multiparameter flow cytometry. Cell cycle dependent alterations in the mHsp70 expression were excluded by seeding different cell numbers on day 0. Low dose irradiation (2 Gy) results in a slow upregulation of the mHsp70 density in U87 cells which peaks on day 4 and starts to decline from day 7 onwards. In contrast, higher radiation doses (4 Gy, 6 Gy) resulted in a faster upregulation of mHsp70 expression on days 2 and 1, respectively, followed by a decline from day 5 onwards. Functionally, elevated mHsp70 densities correlate with an improved lysis by Hsp70-targeting NK cells. In summary, the kinetics of changes in the mHsp70 density upon irradiation on tumor cells is time and dose-dependent.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) which is expressed on the plasma membrane of highly aggressive tumors including non-small cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme serves as a target for Hsp70-targeting NK cells. Herein, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of a combined therapy consisting of ex vivo Hsp70-peptide TKD/IL-2-activated NK cells in combination with mouse/human anti-PD-1 antibody in a syngeneic glioblastoma and a xenograft lung cancer mouse model. Mice with membrane Hsp70 positive syngeneic GL261 glioblastoma or human xenograft A549 lung tumors were sham-treated with PBS or injected with ex vivo TKD/IL-2-activated mouse/human NK cells and mouse/human PD-1 antibody either as a single regimen or in combination. Tumor volume was assessed by MR scanning and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T, NK, and PD-1+ cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We could show that the adoptive transfer of ex vivo TKD/IL-2-activated mouse NK cells or the inhibition of PD-1 resulted in tumor growth delay and an improved overall survival (OS) in a syngeneic glioblastoma mouse model. A combination of both therapies was well-tolerated and significantly more effective with respect to both outcome parameters than either of the single regimens. A combined treatment in a xenograft lung cancer model showed identical effects in immunodeficient mice bearing human lung cancer after adoptive transfer of TKD/IL-2-activated human effector cells and a human PD-1 antibody. Tumor control was associated with a massive infiltration with CD8+ T and NK cells in both tumor models and a decreased in PD-1 expression on immune effector cells. In summary, a combined approach consisting of activated NK cells and anti-PD-1 therapy is safe and results in a long-term tumor control which is accompanied by a massive tumor immune cell infiltration in 2 preclinical tumor models.

Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 (VLID)3678312

Comprehensive knowledge about the heat transfer mechanisms and the temperature field inside hermetic compressors is very important for the thermal management and thus their performance. A numerical model to predict the temperature field in a hermetic reciprocating compressor for household refrigeration appliances is presented in this work. The model combines a high resolution three-dimensional heat conduction formulation of the compressor’s solid parts, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach for the gas line domain and lumped formulations of the shell gas and the lubrication oil. Heat transfer coefficients are determined by applying CFD to the gas line side and correlations from the literature on the shell gas and oil side, respectively. The valve in the gas line simulation is modelled as a parallel moving flat plate. By means of an iterative loop the temperature field of the solid parts acts as boundary condition for the CFD calculation of the gas line which returns a cycle averaged quantity of heat to the solid parts. Using an iteration method which is based on the temperature deviation between two iteration steps, the total number of iterations and consequently the computational time can be reduced. The loop is continued until a steady-state temperature field is obtained. Calculated temperatures of the solid parts are verified against temperature measurements of a calorimeter test bench. The numerical results show reasonable agreement with the measured data.

Generally, domestic refrigerators and freezers are running in non-continuous operation mode most of the time, which is a necessity to match cooling capacity to thermal loads. In currently available domestic appliances it can be observed, that this matching is mainly realized in two different ways: On the one hand, a simple on/off control of the hermetic compressor is installed in lower priced appliances with limited energy efficiency for the mass market. On the other hand, modern top efficiency class appliances have a variable frequency controlled compressor installed. Both control strategies have a repetitive and transient change of thermodynamic states of the refrigerant in common. For better understanding of these cyclic patterns in terms of internal temperature distribution, a state of the art domestic refrigeration compressor with a displacement of approximately 6 cubic centimeters is integrated in a commercial freezer. The compressor which has an on/off control is equipped with extensive measurement instrumentation. Several temperature probes are inserted and temperatures on surfaces inside and outside the compressor as well as refrigerant temperatures are logged for both cyclic and steady state behavior. Finally, a comparison between transient experimental data and steady-state data from a standardized calorimeter test bench is done.

The major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is frequently over-expressed in a wide variety of tumor entities. Exclusively in tumor cells, cytosolic Hsp70 translocates to the plasma membrane. Therefore, membrane Hsp70 might serve as a tumor-specific target structure. In my doctorate, I established three different Hsp70 targeting compounds and evaluated their tumor-cell selective in vivo enrichment and theranostic abilities. All tested compounds showed a high degree of tumor-specificity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, I could demonstrate therapeutic ADCC induction in vivo following intravenous administration of the Hsp70 targeting antibody cmHsp70.1. In einer Vielzahl von Tumortypen unterschiedlichster Herkunft ist das Hitzeschockprotein 70 (Hsp70) konstitutiv verstärkt exprimiert. Ausschließlich bei Tumorzellen kommt Hsp70 auch in einer Membran- assoziierten Form vor, wo es als tumorspezifische Zielstruktur dienen kann. Zur Hsp70- basierten Tumordetektion und -therapie wurden von mir drei Wirkstoffe entwickelt und ihre Anreicherung und therapeutische Wirksamkeit im Tumor untersucht. Alle getesteten Substanzen zeigten hohe Tumorspezifität in vitro und in vivo. Darüberhinaus konnte ich zeigen, dass der gegen membran-Hsp70 gerichtete Antikörper cmHsp70.1 therapeutisch relevante ADCC Reaktionen in vivo zeigte.