305 results on '"Secondary cancer"'
Search Results
2. A New Sarcoma Shortly after Treatment for High-Grade Glioma with Adjuvant Chemoradiation: A Case Report
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Abdossalam M. Madkhali, Hasah F. Alaluan, Mohammed H. Alnajeim, Eyad F. Al Saeed, Abdulrazag M. Ajlan, Ahmed Abdelwarith, Ali Abduh, Saleh Albanyan, Ashwag Alqurashi, and Hisham Alkhalidi
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sarcoma ,high-grade glioma ,glioblastoma ,radiation ,complication ,secondary cancer ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas are central nervous system tumors conventionally treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Secondary cancer due to radiation therapy is a rare yet established phenomenon that typically occurs years after radiation therapy. Case Presentation: In this case, we discuss an early presentation of a second cancer adjacent to the radiation field. This case report is of a 52-year-old male who developed a new scalp sarcoma at the site of primary surgery 8 months after radiation therapy. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the NF1 gene, a variant of uncertain significance. The report highlights that this case does not conform to the expected criteria for postradiation sarcoma in terms of timing. Conclusion: Secondary cancers may arise earlier than expected, even in phenotypically normal patients, as they may have unmanifested variants of relevant mutations. The question of pre-radiotherapy screening for radiosensitivity syndromes and diseases requires further study, as current data are limited and do not provide enough insight into the significance of different genetic variants.
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- 2024
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3. Unraveling trajectories from aplastic anemia to hematologic malignancies: genetic and molecular insights.
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Namsoo Kim, Yu Jeong Choi, Seung-Tae Lee, Jong Rak Choi, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Saeam Shin, and June-Won Cheong
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HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,APLASTIC anemia ,CHRONIC leukemia ,ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells ,MYELODYSPLASTIC syndromes - Abstract
Background: Aplastic anemia (AA), characterized by hematopoietic stem cell deficiency, can evolve into different hematologic malignancies. Our understanding of the genetic basis and mechanisms of this progression remains limited. Methods: We retrospectively studied 9 acquired AA patients who later developed hematologic malignancies. Data encompassed clinical, laboratory, karyotype, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) information. We explored chromosomal alterations and mutation profiles to uncover genetic changes underlying the transition. Results: Nine AA patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome (seven patients), acute myeloid leukemia (one patient), or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (one patient). Among eight patients with karyotype results at secondary malignancy diagnosis, monosomy 7 was detected in three. Trisomy 1, der(1;7), del(6q), trisomy 8, and del(12p) were detected in one patient each. Among three patients with NGS results at secondary malignancy diagnosis, KMT2C mutation was detected in two patients. Acquisition of a PTPN11 mutation was observed in one patient who underwent follow-up NGS testing during progression from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion: This study highlights the genetic dynamics in the progression from AA to hematologic malignancy. Monosomy 7's prevalence and the occurrence of PTPN11 mutations suggest predictive and prognostic significance. Clonal evolution underscores the complexity of disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. A New Sarcoma Shortly after Treatment for High-Grade Glioma with Adjuvant Chemoradiation: A Case Report.
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Madkhali, Abdossalam M., Alaluan, Hasah F., Alnajeim, Mohammed H., Al Saeed, Eyad F., Ajlan, Abdulrazag M., Abdelwarith, Ahmed, Abduh, Ali, Albanyan, Saleh, Alqurashi, Ashwag, and Alkhalidi, Hisham
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SARCOMA , *GLIOMAS , *CHEMORADIOTHERAPY , *GENETIC variation , *CANCER radiotherapy , *BRAIN tumors ,CENTRAL nervous system tumors - Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas are central nervous system tumors conventionally treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Secondary cancer due to radiation therapy is a rare yet established phenomenon that typically occurs years after radiation therapy. Case Presentation: In this case, we discuss an early presentation of a second cancer adjacent to the radiation field. This case report is of a 52-year-old male who developed a new scalp sarcoma at the site of primary surgery 8 months after radiation therapy. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the NF1 gene, a variant of uncertain significance. The report highlights that this case does not conform to the expected criteria for postradiation sarcoma in terms of timing. Conclusion: Secondary cancers may arise earlier than expected, even in phenotypically normal patients, as they may have unmanifested variants of relevant mutations. The question of pre-radiotherapy screening for radiosensitivity syndromes and diseases requires further study, as current data are limited and do not provide enough insight into the significance of different genetic variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. Incidence and risk factors for second malignancies among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
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Yuhui Zhang, Yingdi Han, Guangshuai Teng, Chenxiao Du, Shan Gao, Weiping Yuan, Lei Zhang, and Jie Bai
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clinical characteristics ,myeloproliferative neoplasms ,risk factors ,secondary cancer ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Objective The clinical characteristics and survival of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) with secondary cancer were analyzed to explore the possible risk factors for secondary cancer in MPN patients. Methods The clinical characteristics of 1060 Chinese patients with MPN were retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the survival. The Cox multivariate regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for developing secondary cancer in patients with MPNs. Results The 1060 patients with MPN had a median follow‐up of 10 years (range 1–50) and a median age of 55 years (range 21–86), and 497 (45.2%) were male. The proportion of PV, ET, and PMF was 52.2%, 33.5%, and 14.3%, respectively. About 28.1% (298/1060) of 1060 MPN patients died. The median survival times of the PV, ET, and PMF groups were 20, 24, and 12 years, respectively (p
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- 2023
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6. Problems Faced by Mothers of whose Children have Survived Cancer that Appeared During the Life Stages of the Children and the Process and Guidance for Self-Care.
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Kyoko Shimoyama and Masaru Nakamura
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HUMAN growth ,CHILD care ,ATTITUDES of mothers ,CHILD development ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,CONVALESCENCE ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,INTERVIEWING ,CANCER patients ,TUMORS in children ,QUALITATIVE research ,AGE factors in disease ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH self-care ,DISCHARGE planning ,DISEASE complications ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Childhood cancers affect 2,000-2,500 individuals per year in Japan, with onset at infancy. In Japan, there are ~50,000 childhood cancer survivors, and following recovery, the mother supports the child at home. Aim: To elucidate how mothers confront problems following the discharge of childhood cancer survivors and the provision of guidance to the child regarding self-care. Methodology: After creating an interview guide coinciding with the study objectives, semi-structured interviews of five mothers of childhood cancer survivors were conducted. The data obtained was analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. Results: The challenges faced by mothers of childhood cancer survivors who underwent surgery as children and the self-care guidance process comprised 5 core categories and nine categories from 34 concepts. The core categories included "formation of beliefs to confront the disease," "promotion of understanding suitable to the child's age at onset," "individual actions against the lack of information," "preparation of the environment by oneself when the child needs to be monitored," and "reflection and acknowledgment of the process to date." Conclusions: The mothers of childhood cancer survivors with onset at infancy preferred for the child to understand their disease; however, the mothers experienced difficulty in explaining the disease owing to a lack of knowledge. To enhance their knowledge to facilitate the child's self-care, mothers joined patient groups to gather information. Furthermore, following discharge, it was difficult for parents and their children to establish relationships with medical staff and no avenue was available for consultation in case of any concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
7. Primary Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney and its clinical features
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Shiori Saikawa, Minekatsu Taga, Yasushi Matsuda, Koji Suzuki, Aina Yamaguchi, Mana Fukushima, Yoshiaki Imamura, Hideaki Ito, and Osamu Yokoyama
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Ewing sarcoma ,primary renal ESFT ,secondary cancer ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Introduction Ewing sarcoma family tumor is a malignant tumor that is primarily of bone origin; it rarely occurs in the kidney. Case presentation A 22‐year‐old woman presented with hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a 6 × 6‐cm mass in the lower pole of the right kidney with invasion into the right renal vein. A right laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed. The tumor was completely encapsulated. Based on the small‐round‐cell histology, diffusely CD99‐positive tumor cells, and EWS (ex7)–FLi1 (ex6) fusion gene break point transcript, we diagnosed Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. After surgery, eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy including vincristine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide were given. No evidence of recurrence has been observed 13 months from diagnosis. Conclusion This was a rare Ewing sarcoma family tumor in the kidney of a young female with no remarkable family medical history.
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- 2022
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8. Incidence and risk factors for second malignancies among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Zhang, Yuhui, Han, Yingdi, Teng, Guangshuai, Du, Chenxiao, Gao, Shan, Yuan, Weiping, Zhang, Lei, and Bai, Jie
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MYELOPROLIFERATIVE neoplasms , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *OVERALL survival , *SURVIVAL rate , *CHINESE people , *MYELOFIBROSIS - Abstract
Objective: The clinical characteristics and survival of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) with secondary cancer were analyzed to explore the possible risk factors for secondary cancer in MPN patients. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 1060 Chinese patients with MPN were retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the survival. The Cox multivariate regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for developing secondary cancer in patients with MPNs. Results: The 1060 patients with MPN had a median follow‐up of 10 years (range 1–50) and a median age of 55 years (range 21–86), and 497 (45.2%) were male. The proportion of PV, ET, and PMF was 52.2%, 33.5%, and 14.3%, respectively. About 28.1% (298/1060) of 1060 MPN patients died. The median survival times of the PV, ET, and PMF groups were 20, 24, and 12 years, respectively (p < 0.0001). In age‐ and sex‐matched healthy Chinese patients, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) value of developing secondary cancer in MPN patients was 6.41 (95% CI: 4.90–9.48). The median survival time was 14 years in the MPN with secondary cancer group. The Cox multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years (p < 0.0001, HR = 5.027, 95% CI [2.823, 8.952]), MF‐1 (p = 0.001, HR = 2.887, 95% CI [1.503, 5.545]) were risk factors for developing secondary cancer. Conclusions: The survival of MPN patients with secondary cancer was significantly worse than that of patients without secondary cancer. Compared with normal subjects, MPN patients had a 6.41‐fold increased risk of developing secondary cancer, and age ≥ 65 years and MF‐1 were risk factors for developing secondary cancer in MPN patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Risk of Secondary Cancer after Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.
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Kim, Dooreh, Oh, Jooyoung, Seok, Jeong-Ho, Lee, Hye Sun, Jeon, Soyoung, and Yoon, Chang Ik
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DUCTAL carcinoma , *TAMOXIFEN , *DISEASE risk factors , *PROPENSITY score matching , *CARCINOMA in situ - Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term secondary malignancy risk of tamoxifen therapy. The data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrieved from the database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, was used to track all-site cancers. Age at the time of surgery, chronic disease status, and type of surgery were considered covariates in the propensity score matching analysis. The median follow-up duration was 89 months. Forty-one patients in the tamoxifen group and nine in the control group developed endometrial cancer. The Cox regression hazard ratio model showed that tamoxifen therapy was the only significant predictor of the development of endometrial cancer (hazard ratio, 2.791; 95% confidence interval, 1.355–5.747; p = 0.0054). No other type of cancer was associated with long-term tamoxifen use. In consonance with the established knowledge, the real-world data in this study demonstrated that tamoxifen therapy is related to an increased incidence of endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Estimation of the risk of secondary cancer in rectum and bladder after radiation therapy for prostate cancer using a feasibility dose–volume histogram
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Takahiro Aoyama, Hidetoshi Shimizu, Yutaro Koide, Tomoki Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Tachibana, Kojiro Suzuki, and Takeshi Kodaira
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Secondary cancer ,Full mathematical model ,F-value ,Excess absolute risk ,Prostate ,Radiotherapy ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
We investigated the risk of secondary cancers in rectum and bladder for prostate cancer radiotherapy using a feasibility assessment tool. We calculated the risk of secondary cancer by generating a dose-volume histogram based on an ideal dose falloff function (f-value). This study found a smaller f-value was associated with a lower secondary cancer risk in the rectum but a higher risk in the bladder. The study suggests setting the f-value at 0-0.1 as the optimization goal for the rectum and 0.4 for the bladder is reasonable and feasible for reducing the risk of secondary cancer and other adverse events.
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- 2023
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11. Detection of secondary upper gastrointestinal tract cancer during follow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopy after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
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Kosuke Nakane, Keiichi Fujiya, Masanori Terashima, Takanori Kawabata, Yosuke Matsumoto, Satoshi Kamiya, Makoto Hikage, Yutaka Tanizawa, Hiroyuki Ono, and Etsuro Bando
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Fine and Gray model ,follow‐up EGD ,gastrectomy ,remnant gastric cancer ,secondary cancer ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Abstract Aim Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) may contribute to early detection of secondary cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract although the clinical relevance of follow‐up after gastrectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of follow‐up EGD by investigating the incidence of secondary cancer in any part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods Data from 1438 patients who underwent curative partial gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer between 2008 and 2014 and follow‐up EGD at least once during a 5‐year follow‐up period were retrospectively reviewed. Incidence rates of remnant gastric cancer, laryngeal cancer, and esophageal cancer detected after follow‐up EGD were determined, and risk factors for secondary cancers were examined. The characteristics of clinicopathological diagnoses of secondary cancers were reviewed and compared according to the frequency of follow‐up EGD. Results The average annual frequency of EGD was 0.7, while the 5‐year cumulative incidence rates of remnant gastric cancer and secondary laryngeal and esophageal cancers were 2.9% and 1.3%, respectively. Risk factors for remnant gastric cancer included heavy smoking, proximal gastrectomy, and tumor size ≥ 30 mm. All secondary cancers were resectable upon diagnosis, with endoscopically resectable cancer accounting for 81.0% of cases. Our results found a significantly higher proportion of endoscopically resectable cancers during regular follow‐up than during infrequent follow‐up. Conclusions Follow‐up EGD can be a useful modality for detecting secondary upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, likely leading to curative treatment for secondary cancer. Focusing on patients presenting with risk factors may increase the value of follow‐up EGD after gastrectomy.
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- 2022
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12. Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer
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Yao Guorong, Zhao Kaiyue, Bao Kaikai, and Li Jing
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radiotherapy ,secondary cancer ,breast cancer ,type i collagen ,type iii collagen ,Medicine - Abstract
Radiotherapy-associated secondary cancer is an important issue for the treatment of breast cancer (BCa). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and genetic risk factors for radiation-associated secondary diseases in BCa.
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- 2022
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13. A simple analytical model for a fast 3D assessment of peripheral photon dose during coplanar isocentric photon radiotherapy
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Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto, Ignacio N. López-Martínez, José Luis Rodríguez-Mongua, and Ignacio Espinoza
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radiotherapy ,photon peripheral dose ,photon out-of-field dose ,secondary cancer ,stochastic radiation risk ,Monte Carlo ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Considering that cancer survival rates have been growing and that nearly two-thirds of those survivors were exposed to clinical radiation during its treatment, the study of long-term radiation effects, especially secondary cancer induction, has become increasingly important. To correctly assess this risk, knowing the dose to out-of-field organs is essential. As it has been reported, commercial treatment planning systems do not accurately calculate the dose far away from the border of the field; analytical dose estimation models may help this purpose. In this work, the development and validation of a new three-dimensional (3D) analytical model to assess the photon peripheral dose during radiotherapy is presented. It needs only two treatment-specific input parameter values, plus information about the linac-specific leakage, when available. It is easy to use and generates 3D whole-body dose distributions and, particularly, the dose to out-of-field organs (as dose–volume histograms) outside the 5% isodose for any isocentric treatment using coplanar beams [including intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)]. The model was configured with the corresponding Monte Carlo simulation of the peripheral absorbed dose for a 6 MV abdomen treatment on the International Comission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 110 computational phantom. It was then validated with experimental measurements using thermoluminescent dosimeters in the male ATOM anthropomorphic phantom irradiated with a VMAT treatment for prostate cancer. Additionally, its performance was challenged by applying it to a lung radiotherapy treatment very different from the one used for training. The model agreed well with measurements and simulated dose values. A graphical user interface was developed as a first step to making this work more approachable to a daily clinical application.
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- 2022
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14. Detection of secondary upper gastrointestinal tract cancer during follow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopy after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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Nakane, Kosuke, Fujiya, Keiichi, Terashima, Masanori, Kawabata, Takanori, Matsumoto, Yosuke, Kamiya, Satoshi, Hikage, Makoto, Tanizawa, Yutaka, Ono, Hiroyuki, and Bando, Etsuro
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GASTROINTESTINAL cancer ,STOMACH cancer ,ESOPHAGEAL cancer ,GASTROINTESTINAL system ,GASTRECTOMY ,DIGESTIVE system endoscopic surgery - Abstract
Aim: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) may contribute to early detection of secondary cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract although the clinical relevance of follow‐up after gastrectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of follow‐up EGD by investigating the incidence of secondary cancer in any part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Data from 1438 patients who underwent curative partial gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer between 2008 and 2014 and follow‐up EGD at least once during a 5‐year follow‐up period were retrospectively reviewed. Incidence rates of remnant gastric cancer, laryngeal cancer, and esophageal cancer detected after follow‐up EGD were determined, and risk factors for secondary cancers were examined. The characteristics of clinicopathological diagnoses of secondary cancers were reviewed and compared according to the frequency of follow‐up EGD. Results: The average annual frequency of EGD was 0.7, while the 5‐year cumulative incidence rates of remnant gastric cancer and secondary laryngeal and esophageal cancers were 2.9% and 1.3%, respectively. Risk factors for remnant gastric cancer included heavy smoking, proximal gastrectomy, and tumor size ≥ 30 mm. All secondary cancers were resectable upon diagnosis, with endoscopically resectable cancer accounting for 81.0% of cases. Our results found a significantly higher proportion of endoscopically resectable cancers during regular follow‐up than during infrequent follow‐up. Conclusions: Follow‐up EGD can be a useful modality for detecting secondary upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, likely leading to curative treatment for secondary cancer. Focusing on patients presenting with risk factors may increase the value of follow‐up EGD after gastrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Proton beam therapy for a giant hepatic hemangioma: A case report and literature review
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Shosei Shimizu, Masashi Mizumoto, Toshiyuki Okumura, Yinuo Li, Keiichirou Baba, Motohiro Murakami, Toshiki Ishida, Masatoshi Nakamura, Yuichi Hiroshima, Takashi Iizumi, Takashi Saito, Haruko Numajiri, Kei Nakai, Masaharu Hata, and Hideyuki Sakurai
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Radiotherapy ,Proton beam therapy ,Hemangioma ,Liver ,Secondary cancer ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: Hepatic hemangiomas are benign tumors with a favorable prognosis, but giant hepatic hemangiomas can cause abdominal symptoms and are indicated for treatment. Most cases are treated with surgery, but radiotherapy has also been used. However, to date, there have been no reports of proton beam therapy for a hepatic hemangioma. Case presentation: A 46-year-old woman had a tumor of 80 × 80 mm in the left medial lobe of the liver, which was diagnosed as a giant hemangioma based on the contrast pattern. Therapy was required for a giant hepatic hemangioma with symptoms, but the patient refused blood transfusion due to religious reasons, which made surgical resection difficult. Therefore, she was referred to our hospital for proton beam therapy. At her first visit, liver function was Child-Pugh A (5 points) and there was no elevation of tumor markers. Proton beam therapy of 28.6 Gy (RBE) given in 13 fractions was performed without interruption. The only observed acute radiation toxicity was Grade 1 dermatitis. One year after proton beam therapy, the hemangioma had significantly decreased, and a complete response has been maintained for 15 years based on ultrasound and MRI. Conclusion: This case is the first reported use of proton beam therapy for a hepatic hemangioma. The outcome suggests that this treatment may be effective for a giant liver hemangioma.
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- 2021
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16. Risk of Secondary Cancer after Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea
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Dooreh Kim, Jooyoung Oh, Jeong-Ho Seok, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, and Chang Ik Yoon
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secondary cancer ,tamoxifen ,endocrine therapy ,ductal carcinoma in situ ,DCIS ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term secondary malignancy risk of tamoxifen therapy. The data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrieved from the database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, was used to track all-site cancers. Age at the time of surgery, chronic disease status, and type of surgery were considered covariates in the propensity score matching analysis. The median follow-up duration was 89 months. Forty-one patients in the tamoxifen group and nine in the control group developed endometrial cancer. The Cox regression hazard ratio model showed that tamoxifen therapy was the only significant predictor of the development of endometrial cancer (hazard ratio, 2.791; 95% confidence interval, 1.355–5.747; p = 0.0054). No other type of cancer was associated with long-term tamoxifen use. In consonance with the established knowledge, the real-world data in this study demonstrated that tamoxifen therapy is related to an increased incidence of endometrial cancer.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. مروري بر خطر سرطانهاي ثانویه در پرتودرمانی سرطان پروستات: یک مقاله مروري.
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سید حمید ذوالجلا, رضا لاريپور, ابراهیم حضرتی, حامد باقري, نازیلا عیوضزاده, حمید رضا باغانی, and د پروانه اول
- Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common and second leading cause of death among men in the world. Nowadays, radiotherapy has been known as one of the most affecting methods for prostate cancer treatment. Nevertheless, radiotherapy is accompanied by the concern of developing secondary cancers by the scattered radiation to the neighbor organs at risk. Several studies have shown that secondary cancers after the radiotherapy of prostate cancer treatment, occur in tissues such as the bladder and rectum which have been exposed to direct or indirect radiations. Therefore, this review study aimed to evaluate the influencing factors for developing secondary cancers after the radiotherapy of prostate cancer. To access the previously validated published studies, Persian and English keywords such as prostate cancer, secondary cancers, radiotherapy and organs at risk have been searched in ISID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and World Health Organization, between 1997 and 2021. Totally 246 pieces of literature have been selected which finally, by ignoring the similar and overlapping studies, only 40 studies were reviewed. In the present study, the most affecting factors for developing secondary malignancies including the anatomical status changes, dose variations, smoking and the impact of the various treatment techniques, have been studied. The results of the reviewed studies showed a reduction of secondary cancer risks with performing the modern modalities such as proton therapy to treat prostate cancer. Moreover, organ movements and anatomical status changes which vary from one patient to others, have been reported to make a significant difference in the relative risk of secondary cancers. It has been shown that smoking may increase the risk of secondary cancers after the radiotherapy of prostate cancer, so radiotherapy and smoking may cause genetic mutations. Despite the advantages of radiotherapy for prostate cancer treatment, developing secondary cancers after the radiotherapy should not be ignored. Assessments of the affecting factors for secondary cancers after the radiotherapy of prostate cancer require social and comprehensive studies which can result in an accurate modality with fewer side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
18. Coexistence of Thymus and Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
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Muhammed Selim Bodur, Mustafa Tercan, Mümtaz Erakin, Seda Arzuman Baştürk, Ismail Zihni, İsa Sözen, Girayhan Çelik, Mehmet Zafer Sabuncuoglu, and Recep Çetin
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colon cancer ,secondary cancer ,thymoma ,Medicine - Abstract
Thymoma is a very rare tumor with a rate of 1.7 per million. Thymoma often occurs between the ages of 35-70. Thymoma is frequently located in the anterior mediastinum. Patients with thymoma often do not cause symptoms clinically. Depending on the localization of the tumor, pain may present with cough, hoarseness, shortness of breath, superior vena cava syndrome and weight loss. The coexistence of nasopharyngeal, breast, colon and hepatocellular cancer can be seen in patients with thymomas. In this article, we present our case with thymoma and colon cancer association with the literature.
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- 2021
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19. Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer.
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Guorong Yao, Kaiyue Zhao, Kaikai Bao, and Jing Li
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Background ‒ Radiotherapy-associated secondary cancer is an important issue for the treatment of breast cancer (BCa). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and genetic risk factors for radiation-associated secondary diseases in BCa. Methods ‒ The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between preradiation and postradiation BCa samples in the GSE65505 dataset were obtained. The pathways related to the radiation-associated DEGs in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network modules were identified. miRNAs targeted to the key genes in the PPI network were identified, and their association with BCa prognosis was analyzed. Results ‒ A total of 136 radiation-associated DEGs preradiation and postradiation BCa samples were screened out. The PPI network consisted of a significant module that consisted of 21 upregulated DEGs that were associated with “hsa04512: ECM–receptor interaction,” “hsa04151: PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,” and “hsa04115: p53 signaling pathway.” Sixteen DEGs, including three collagen genes collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), COL3A1, and COL1A2, were enriched in 17 radiation-associated pathways. The three genes were upregulated in BCa tissues compared with controls and were also elevated by radiation. They were targeted by hsa-miR-29a/c, and the expression levels of hsa-miR-29a/c were associated with a poor prognosis of BCa. Conclusions ‒ The upregulation of COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 might be genetic risk factors for radiationassociated secondary diseases in BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. A Case Report on Breast Cancer Following Mantle Radiation for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Screening and Management.
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Mansour Y and Akinleye A
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Hodgkin lymphoma survivors who received mantle radiation are at risk of developing secondary malignant neoplasms. There is no established recommended screening guideline for this population. We discuss the case of a patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma status post-mantle field radiation, thyroid cancer status post-thyroidectomy, and now breast cancer following mantle radiation. The risk of adverse effects from mantle field radiation is well documented and includes secondary cancers of the thyroid, breast, lung, and cardiovascular disease. Advances in technology have led to an international paradigm shift in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma to reduce the diameter and dose of radiation based on the patient's anatomy. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal frequency or modality of breast cancer screening in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma status post-mantle radiation who are now in remission. We discuss screening methods for this population, which has a high risk of developing breast cancer, and emphasize the need for personalized medicine., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Sovah Health Martinsville IRB issued approval IRB-IORG# 0003200FWA-VA043. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mansour et al.)
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- 2024
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21. The Effect of 10 Most Common Nonurological Primary Cancers on Survival in Men With Secondary Prostate Cancer.
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Wenzel, Mike, Nocera, Luigi, Würnschimmel, Christoph, Collà Ruvolo, Claudia, Tian, Zhe, Saad, Fred, Briganti, Alberto, Tilki, Derya, Graefen, Markus, Becker, Andreas, Roos, Frederik C., Chun, Felix K. H., and Karakiewicz, Pierre I.
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PROSTATE cancer ,RETRIEVAL practice ,LUNGS ,CANCER diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS ,ESOPHAGUS - Abstract
Background: This study aims to test the effect of the 10 most common nonurological primary cancers (skin, rectal, colon, lymphoma, leukemia, pancreas, stomach, esophagus, liver, lung) on overall mortality (OM) after secondary prostate cancer (PCa). Material and Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, patients with 10 most common primary cancers and concomitant secondary PCa (diagnosed 2004–2016) were identified and were matched in 1:4 fashion (age, year at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, treatment type, TNM stage) with primary PCa controls. OM was compared between secondary and primary PCa patients and was stratified according to primary cancer type, as well as according to time interval between primary cancer vs. secondary PCa diagnoses. Results: We identified 24,848 secondary PCa patients (skin, n = 3,871; rectal, n = 798; colon, n = 3,665; lymphoma, n = 2,583; leukemia, n = 1,102; pancreatic, n = 118; stomach, n = 361; esophagus, n = 219; liver, n = 160; lung, n = 1,328) vs. 531,732 primary PCa patients. Secondary PCa characteristics were less favorable than those of primary PCa patients (PSA and grade), and smaller proportions of secondary PCa patients received active treatment. After 1:4 matching, all secondary PCa exhibited worse OM than primary PCa patients. Finally, subgroup analyses showed that the survival disadvantage of secondary PCa patients decreased with longer time interval since primary cancer diagnosis and subsequent secondary PCa. Conclusion: Patients with secondary PCa are diagnosed with less favorable PSA and grade. Even after matching for PCa characteristics, secondary PCa patients still exhibit worse survival. However, the survival disadvantage is attenuated, when secondary PCa diagnosis is made after longer time interval, since primary cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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22. Estimation of Annual Secondary Lung Cancer Deaths Using Various Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy Techniques for Early-Stage Cancers.
- Author
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Pignol, Jean-Philippe, Hoekstra, Nienke, Wilke, Derek, Dahn, Hannah, Nolan, Maureen, and Vicini, Frank
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LUNG cancer ,BREAST cancer ,HIGH dose rate brachytherapy ,RADIOTHERAPY ,COMPETING risks - Abstract
Purpose: Secondary lung cancer (SLC) can offset the benefit of adjuvant breast radiotherapy (RT), and risks compound sharply after 25 to 30 years. We hypothesized that SLC risk is mainly an issue for early-stage breast cancer, and that lives could be saved using different RT techniques. Patients and Methods: The SEER database was used to extract breast patient age, stage survival, and radiotherapy utilization over time and per stage and to assess the factors associated with increased SLC risk with a multivariable competing risk Cox model. The number of SLC was calculated using the BEIR model modified with patient survival, age, and use of RT from the SEER database. Stage distribution and number of new breast cancer cases were obtained from the NAACCR. Mean lung dose for various irradiation techniques was obtained from measurement or literature. Results: Out of the 765,697 non-metastatic breast cancers in the SEER database from 1988 to 2012, 49.8% received RT. RT significantly increased the SLC risk for longer follow-up (HR=1.58), early stage including DCIS, stage I and IIA (HR = 1.11), and younger age (HR=1.061) (all p<0.001). More advanced stages did not have significantly increased risk. In 2019, 104,743 early-stage breast patients received radiotherapy, and an estimated 3,413 will develop SLC (3.25%) leading to an excess of 2,900 deaths (2.77%). VMAT would reduce this mortality by 9.9%, hypofractionation 26 Gy in five fractions by 38.8%, a prone technique by 70.3%, 3D-CRT APBI by 43.3%, HDR brachytherapy by 71.1%, LDR by 80.7%, and robotic 4π APBI by 85.2%. Conclusions: SLC after breast RT remains a clinically significant issue for early-stage breast cancers. This mortality could be significantly reduced using a prone technique or APBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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23. The Effect of 10 Most Common Nonurological Primary Cancers on Survival in Men With Secondary Prostate Cancer
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Mike Wenzel, Luigi Nocera, Christoph Würnschimmel, Claudia Collà Ruvolo, Zhe Tian, Fred Saad, Alberto Briganti, Derya Tilki, Markus Graefen, Andreas Becker, Frederik C. Roos, Felix K. H. Chun, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Subjects
mortality ,primary prostate cancer ,lung cancer ,colon cancer ,secondary cancer ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to test the effect of the 10 most common nonurological primary cancers (skin, rectal, colon, lymphoma, leukemia, pancreas, stomach, esophagus, liver, lung) on overall mortality (OM) after secondary prostate cancer (PCa).Material and MethodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, patients with 10 most common primary cancers and concomitant secondary PCa (diagnosed 2004–2016) were identified and were matched in 1:4 fashion (age, year at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, treatment type, TNM stage) with primary PCa controls. OM was compared between secondary and primary PCa patients and was stratified according to primary cancer type, as well as according to time interval between primary cancer vs. secondary PCa diagnoses.ResultsWe identified 24,848 secondary PCa patients (skin, n = 3,871; rectal, n = 798; colon, n = 3,665; lymphoma, n = 2,583; leukemia, n = 1,102; pancreatic, n = 118; stomach, n = 361; esophagus, n = 219; liver, n = 160; lung, n = 1,328) vs. 531,732 primary PCa patients. Secondary PCa characteristics were less favorable than those of primary PCa patients (PSA and grade), and smaller proportions of secondary PCa patients received active treatment. After 1:4 matching, all secondary PCa exhibited worse OM than primary PCa patients. Finally, subgroup analyses showed that the survival disadvantage of secondary PCa patients decreased with longer time interval since primary cancer diagnosis and subsequent secondary PCa.ConclusionPatients with secondary PCa are diagnosed with less favorable PSA and grade. Even after matching for PCa characteristics, secondary PCa patients still exhibit worse survival. However, the survival disadvantage is attenuated, when secondary PCa diagnosis is made after longer time interval, since primary cancer diagnosis.
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- 2021
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24. Estimation of Annual Secondary Lung Cancer Deaths Using Various Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy Techniques for Early-Stage Cancers
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Jean-Philippe Pignol, Nienke Hoekstra, Derek Wilke, Hannah Dahn, Maureen Nolan, and Frank Vicini
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breast radiotherapy ,secondary cancer ,accelerated partial breast irradiation ,brachytherapy ,SBRT ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
PurposeSecondary lung cancer (SLC) can offset the benefit of adjuvant breast radiotherapy (RT), and risks compound sharply after 25 to 30 years. We hypothesized that SLC risk is mainly an issue for early-stage breast cancer, and that lives could be saved using different RT techniques.Patients and MethodsThe SEER database was used to extract breast patient age, stage survival, and radiotherapy utilization over time and per stage and to assess the factors associated with increased SLC risk with a multivariable competing risk Cox model. The number of SLC was calculated using the BEIR model modified with patient survival, age, and use of RT from the SEER database. Stage distribution and number of new breast cancer cases were obtained from the NAACCR. Mean lung dose for various irradiation techniques was obtained from measurement or literature.ResultsOut of the 765,697 non-metastatic breast cancers in the SEER database from 1988 to 2012, 49.8% received RT. RT significantly increased the SLC risk for longer follow-up (HR=1.58), early stage including DCIS, stage I and IIA (HR = 1.11), and younger age (HR=1.061) (all p
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- 2021
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25. Determination of O6-Methylguanine in dried blood spot of breast cancer patients after cyclophosphamide administration
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Yahdiana Harahap, Athalia Theda Tanujaya, Farhan Nurahman, Aurelia Maria Vianney, and Denni Joko Purwanto
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Cyclophosphamide ,Dried blood spot (DBS) ,UPLC-MS/MS ,O6-Methylguanine ,Secondary cancer ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard class of drugs that are often used in cancer chemotherapy. However, the use of Cyclophosphamide in high doses over a long period has been shown to increase the risk of developing secondary cancer. This can be indicated by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts, such as O6-Methylguanine. Therefore, this adduct can be used as a biomarker for secondary cancer in patients receiving Cyclophosphamide. Bio sampling was carried out by using the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) method, followed by DNA extraction by using QIAamp DNA mini kit, and acid hydrolysis to obtain O6-Methylguanine. Analysis of O6-Methylguanine was performed by using the UPLC-MS/MS instrument with the conditions developed by Vianney, Harahap, & Suryadi (2021). Partial validation was carried out before the analysis. The results obtained from the calibration curve, accuracy, and precision validation test met the FDA requirements. The analysis method was then implemented in 16 breast cancer patients who received the Cyclophosphamide regimen. The O6-Methylguanine was successfully detected and quantified in all of the samples in the range of 0.55–6.66 ng/mL. It shows that the O6-Methylguanine accumulation in cancer patients receiving Cyclophosphamide is very likely to occur and the analysis method proposed by Vianney, Harahap, & Suryadi (2021) is potential to be used for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in this group of patients.
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- 2021
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26. Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Children and Young Adults with Thyroid Cancer in South Korea: A Population-based Study.
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Gi Hyeon Seo, Kyoung Ae Kong, Bom Sahn Kim, Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Hai-Jeon Yoon, Hye Ok Kim, Seo, Gi Hyeon, Ae Kong, Kyoung, Kim, Bom Sahn, Seo, Young Kang, Moon, Byung Seok, Yoon, Hai-Jeon, Kim, Hye Ok, Kong, Kyoung Ae, and Kang, Seo Young
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,IODINE isotopes ,CANCER patients ,THYROID cancer ,THYROID gland ,BREAST ,SALIVARY gland cancer ,HEMATOPOIESIS - Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) patterns and the secondary cancer incidence among children and young adults receiving RAIT after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.Methods: This population-based cohort study used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea to identify a total of 18 617 children and young adults (0-29 years) who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2008 and 2018. We recorded age at surgery, sex, the interval from surgery to RAIT, the doses of RAI, the number of RAIT sessions, and secondary cancer incidence.Results: A total of 9548 (51.3%) children and young adults underwent 1 or more RAIT sessions. The initial dose of RAIT was 4.35 ± 2.19 GBq. The overall RAIT frequency fell from 60.9% to 38.5%, and the frequency of high-dose RAIT (>3.7 GBq) fell from 64.2% to 36.5% during the observational period. A total of 124 cases of secondary cancer developed during 120 474 person-years of follow-up; 43 (0.5%) in the surgery cohort and 81 (0.8%) in the RAIT cohort. Thus, the RAIT cohort was at an increased risk of secondary cancer (adjusted hazard ratio 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.03-2.24], P = 0.035).Conclusion: The proportion of children and young adults receiving RAIT, and the RAI dose, fell significantly over the observational period. RAIT was associated with secondary cancers. This is of major concern in the context of child and young adult thyroid cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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27. Mammary Chain Irradiation in Left-Sided Breast Cancer: Can We Reduce the Risk of Secondary Cancer and Ischaemic Heart Disease with Modern Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques?
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Figlia, Vanessa, Simonetto, Cristoforo, Eidemüller, Markus, Naccarato, Stefania, Sicignano, Gianluisa, De Simone, Antonio, Ruggieri, Ruggero, Mazzola, Rosario, Matuschek, Christiane, Bölke, Edwin, Pazos, Montserrat, Niyazi, Maximilian, Belka, Claus, Alongi, Filippo, and Corradini, Stefanie
- Subjects
RELATIVE medical risk ,MYOCARDIAL ischemia ,LUNG tumors ,DOSE-response relationship (Radiation) ,RADIATION doses ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RADIATION injuries ,RADIOTHERAPY ,BREAST tumors - Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to estimate the impact of the addition of internal mammary chain (IMC) irradiation in node-positive left-sided breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation (RNI) and comparatively evaluate excess relative and absolute risks of radiation-induced lung cancer/BC and ischaemic heart disease for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Methods: Four treatment plans were created (3D-CRT and IMRT –/+ IMC) for each of the 10 evaluated patients, and estimates of excess relative risk (ERR) and 10-year excess absolute risk (EAR) were calculated for radiation-induced lung cancer/BC and coronary events using linear, linear-exponential and plateau models. Results: The addition of IMC irradiation to RNI significantly increased the dose exposure of the heart, lung and contralateral breast using both techniques, increasing ERR for secondary lung cancer (58 vs. 44%, p = 0.002), contralateral BC (49 vs. 31%, p = 0.002) and ischaemic heart disease (41 vs. 27%, p = 0.002, IMRT plans). IMRT significantly reduced the mean cardiac dose and mean lung dose as compared to 3D-CRT, decreasing ERR for major coronary events (64% 3D-CRT vs. 41% IMRT, p = 0.002) and ERR for secondary lung cancer (75 vs. 58%, p = 0.004) in IMC irradiation, without a significant impact on secondary contralateral BC risks. Conclusion: Although IMC irradiation has been shown to increase survival rates in node-positive BC patients, it increased dose exposure of organs at risk in left-sided BC, resulting in significantly increased risks for secondary lung cancer/contralateral BC and ischaemic heart disease. In this setting, the adoption of IMRT seems advantageous when compared to 3D-CRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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28. Individualized Fraction Regimen of SBRT Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Uncomplicated and Cancer-Free Control Probability.
- Author
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Feng, Ai-Hui, Wang, Hao, Chen, Hua, Gu, Heng-Le, Shao, Yan, Duan, Yan-Hua, Huang, Ying, Fu, Xiao-Long, Zhou, Tao, and Xu, Zhi-Yong
- Subjects
STEREOTACTIC radiotherapy ,NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,BODY mass index ,RADIATION dosimetry ,LUNG cancer treatment - Abstract
Introduction: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) currently adopts non-discriminative prescription regimen. This study attempts to investigate an individualized fraction regimen (IFR) method for SBRT patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on Uncomplicated and Cancer-free Control Probability (UCFCP). Methods: Twenty patients with NSCLC were retrospectively prescribed with 40 regimens, ranging from 8Gy×5f to 12Gy×5f in step of 0.1 Gy. Taking into consideration of the age and the BMI index of each patient as well, the tumor control probability (TCP), the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of the total lung, chest wall and rib, and the secondary cancer probability (SCP) of the total lung were calculated for each plan of the patients. For the 40 regimens, the UCFCP was calculated and the maximum value of UCFCP was the IFR of the specified patient. Besides, IFR of UCP approach which only took account of the TCP and NTCP was also derived and to be compared with the IFR based on the UCFCP method. Results: For all the patients, the UCFCP value showed a bell-shaped trend with the change of prescription dose. Among the 20 patients, the IFRs of 16 patients were different from the original fixed regimen. Of the 16 patients, the IFR of 5 patients exhibited slight changes between UCP and UCFCP methods. Conclusion: The method based on the maximum value of UCFCP function may be helpful to provide IFR for specific SBRT patients with NSCLC, differentiating the patient specific characteristics such as anatomical structures and locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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29. Evaluation of healthy tissue dose at different regions between volumetric-modulated arc therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans in the treatment of various cancers
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Jayapalan Krishnan, Suresh Rao, Sanath Hegde, and Jayarama Shetty
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Healthy tissue ,intensity-modulated radiation therapy ,secondary cancer ,target volume ,volumetric-modulated arc therapy ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of cancer. Although the improved technologies increase therapeutic index, different delivery techniques deliver different dose pattern to the healthy tissue within and outside treatment volume. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the low, intermediate, and high dose to healthy tissue within and outside the treatment volume and to find the relation between tumor volume and various doses received healthy tissue volume. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included. For all patients, planning computed tomography images were acquired. Tumors, critical structures, and healthy tissue volumes at different regions were delineated. Two sets of plans, one with volumetric-modulated arc therapy and another with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were created, optimized for 6 MV photons and dose was calculated. Dosimetry results for tumor, organs at risks (OARs), and healthy tissue from both the techniques were evaluated and compared. Results: Tumor coverage and dose to OARs was significantly better with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Volume of healthy tissue received high-dose within the treatment volume as well as volume of healthy tissue received low and intermediate-dose out of treatment volume were significantly (P < 0.002) lesser with VMAT. Besides, the results showed that as the tumor volume increased, the various dose received healthy tissue volume also increased. Conclusions: VMAT plan can reduce the risk of secondary malignancy while treating different sites of cancer. VMAT is the most appropriate technique than IMRT, especially in the treatment of large tumor volume. Special attention has to be given, especially while treating women and children.
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- 2019
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30. Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy
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R Yahyapour, A Salajegheh, A Safari, P Amini, A Rezaeyan, A Amraee, and M Najafi
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Radiation ,Bystander effect ,Carcinogenesis ,Non-targeted effect ,Secondary cancer ,Genomic instability ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.
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- 2018
31. Unraveling trajectories from aplastic anemia to hematologic malignancies: genetic and molecular insights.
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Kim N, Choi YJ, Lee ST, Choi JR, Lyu CJ, Shin S, and Cheong JW
- Abstract
Background: Aplastic anemia (AA), characterized by hematopoietic stem cell deficiency, can evolve into different hematologic malignancies. Our understanding of the genetic basis and mechanisms of this progression remains limited., Methods: We retrospectively studied 9 acquired AA patients who later developed hematologic malignancies. Data encompassed clinical, laboratory, karyotype, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) information. We explored chromosomal alterations and mutation profiles to uncover genetic changes underlying the transition., Results: Nine AA patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome (seven patients), acute myeloid leukemia (one patient), or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (one patient). Among eight patients with karyotype results at secondary malignancy diagnosis, monosomy 7 was detected in three. Trisomy 1, der(1;7), del(6q), trisomy 8, and del(12p) were detected in one patient each. Among three patients with NGS results at secondary malignancy diagnosis, KMT2C mutation was detected in two patients. Acquisition of a PTPN11 mutation was observed in one patient who underwent follow-up NGS testing during progression from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to acute myeloid leukemia., Conclusion: This study highlights the genetic dynamics in the progression from AA to hematologic malignancy. Monosomy 7's prevalence and the occurrence of PTPN11 mutations suggest predictive and prognostic significance. Clonal evolution underscores the complexity of disease progression., Competing Interests: Authors S-TL and JRC were employed by the company Dxome Co. Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kim, Choi, Lee, Choi, Lyu, Shin and Cheong.)
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- 2024
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32. Measurement of Neutron Dose Equivalent within and Outside of a LINAC Treatment Vault Using a Neutron Survey Meter
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Duong Thanh Tai, Truong Thi Hong Loan, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Nissren Tamam, Hiba Omer, and David A. Bradley
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neutron dosimetry ,secondary cancer ,linear accelerator ,radiation therapy ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
This work concerns neutron doses associated with the use of a Siemens Primus M5497 electron accelerator, which is operated in the photon mode at 15 MV. The conditions offer a situation within which a fraction of the bremsstrahlung emission energies exceed the photoneutron threshold. For different field sizes, an investigation has been made of neutron dose equivalent values at various measurement locations, including: (i) At the treatment table, at a source-surface distance of 100 cm; (ii) at the level of the floor directly adjacent to the treatment table; and (iii) in the control room and patient waiting area. The evaluated neutron dose equivalent was found to range from 0.0001 to 8.6 mSv/h, notably with the greatest value at the level of the floor directly adjacent to the treatment couch (8.6 mSv/h) exceeding the greatest value on the treatment table (5.5 mSv/h). Low values ranging from unobservable to between 0.0001 to 0.0002 mSv/h neutron dose were recorded around the control room and patient waiting area. For measurements on the floor, the study showed the dose equivalent to be greatest with the jaws closed. These data, most particularly concerning neutron distribution within the treatment room, are of great importance in making steps towards improving patient safety via the provision of protective measures.
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- 2021
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33. Re-irradiation using proton therapy for radiation-induced secondary cancer with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: A case report and review of literature.
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Iwasaki, Tomoya, Mizumoto, Masashi, Numajiri, Haruko, Oshiro, Yoshiko, Suzuki, Ryoko, Moritani, Kyoko, Eguchi, Mariko, Ishii, Eiichi, and Sakurai, Hideyuki
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- *
LI-Fraumeni syndrome , *PROTON therapy , *GRANULOCYTE-colony stimulating factor , *RADIATION injuries , *LITERATURE reviews , *GENETIC disorders , *RADIATION carcinogenesis - Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a genetic disease that is hypersensitive to radiotherapy. Proton therapy (PT) was strongly recommended for pediatric and radiation-sensitive tumors. However, there is little information on PT for LFS. The patient was a 7-year-old girl with LFS who was diagnosed with radiation-induced right shoulder blade osteosarcoma and left chest wall malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Both tumors were in the area that had previously been irradiated (36–45 Gy by photon radiotherapy). Sixty-six GyE in 30 fractions was planned for both tumors. We set the clinical target to the minimum gross tumor volume. To comprehensively assess any adverse events, PT was conducted under hospital administration. Cisplatin was used as simultaneous combination chemotherapy. Although administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was necessary for myelosuppression by chemotherapy, PT was completed without interruption. Acute radiation toxicity was observed as Grade 1 dermatitis. The dermatitis became exacerbated 2 weeks after PT but subsequently improved with conservation treatment alone. Twenty-three months after PT, magnetic resonance imaging showed an increase in the tumor on the right shoulder. A histological examination was not conducted as the family declined, but secondary cancer was suggested rather than recurrent osteosarcoma, as the tumor developed mainly from the soft tissue. Additional surgical treatment and radiotherapy were not indicated, and the patient died of tumor progression and sepsis caused by myelosuppression 27 months after undergoing PT. Up to 23 months after PT, there were no signs of Grade 2 or more late toxicities. This represents the first reported case of PT for a patient with LF to treat radiation-induced secondary cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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34. Out-of-field effects: lessons learned from partial body exposure
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Pazzaglia, S., Eidemüller, M., Lumniczky, K., Mancuso, M., Ramadan, R., Stolarczyk, L., and Moertl, S.
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Radiation ,Biophysics ,Brain ,Cardiovascular Disease ,Extracellular Vesicles ,Immune Cells ,Out-of-field Doses ,Radiation Dosimetry ,Secondary Cancer ,Systemic Radiation Effects ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Partial body exposure and inhomogeneous dose delivery are features of the majority of medical and occupational exposure situations. However, mounting evidence indicates that the effects of partial body exposure are not limited to the irradiated area but also have systemic effects that are propagated outside the irradiated field. It was the aim of the “Partial body exposure” session within the MELODI workshop 2020 to discuss recent developments and insights into this field by covering clinical, epidemiological, dosimetric as well as mechanistic aspects. Especially the impact of out-of-field effects on dysfunctions of immune cells, cardiovascular diseases and effects on the brain were debated. The presentations at the workshop acknowledged the relevance of out-of-field effects as components of the cellular and organismal radiation response. Furthermore, their importance for the understanding of radiation-induced pathologies, for the discovery of early disease biomarkers and for the identification of high-risk organs after inhomogeneous exposure was emphasized. With the rapid advancement of clinical treatment modalities, including new dose rates and distributions a better understanding of individual health risk is urgently needed. To achieve this, a deeper mechanistic understanding of out-of-field effects in close connection to improved modelling was suggested as priorities for future research. This will support the amelioration of risk models and the personalization of risk assessments for cancer and non-cancer effects after partial body irradiation.
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- 2022
35. Radiation-associated Angiosarcoma Presenting as Massive Pleural Effusion
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Hisatsugu Goto, Kozo Kagawa, Makoto Tobiume, Daisuke Matsumoto, Hiroshi Nokihara, Yoshimi Bando, Atsuro Saijo, Hiromitsu Takizawa, Yuriko Morikawa, Hiroshi Kawano, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Hirokazu Ogino, and Satoshi Sakaguchi
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Male ,Secondary cancer ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pleural effusion ,Biopsy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemangiosarcoma ,cell block immunocytochemistry ,pleural effusion ,Cytology ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Angiosarcoma ,thoracoscopic pleural biopsy ,Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,secondary cancer ,angiosarcoma ,business.industry ,Thoracoscopy ,radiation associated sarcoma ,Gingival Carcinoma ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Radiation therapy ,Radiation associated ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for massive pleural effusion. He had a history of mandibular gingival carcinoma treated with radiation therapy (RT). Based on the cytology findings of pleural effusion and a thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, we finally diagnosed him with radiation-associated angiosarcoma. Retrospective cell-block immunocytochemistry with pleural effusion also showed potential utility for the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of radiation-associated secondary cancer in patients with pleural effusion who have a history of RT.
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- 2022
36. Timus ve Kolon Adenokarsinomunun Birlikteliği: Olgu Sunumu.
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Bodur, Muhammed Selim, Zihni, İsmail, Sözen, İsa, Çelik, Girayhan, Tercan, Mustafa, Erakın, Mümtaz, and Sabuncuoğlu, Mehmet Zafer
- Abstract
Copyright of Van Tip Dergisi is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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37. Evaluation of Healthy Tissue Dose at Different Regions between Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Plans in the Treatment of Various Cancers.
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Krishnan, Jayapalan, Rao, Suresh, Hegdea, Sanath, and Shetty, Jayarama
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RADIOTHERAPY treatment planning , *VOLUMETRIC-modulated arc therapy , *RADIOTHERAPY , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of cancer. Although the improved technologies increase therapeutic index, different delivery techniques deliver different dose pattern to the healthy tissue within and outside treatment volume. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the low, intermediate, and high dose to healthy tissue within and outside the treatment volume and to find the relation between tumor volume and various doses received healthy tissue volume. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included. For all patients, planning computed tomography images were acquired. Tumors, critical structures, and healthy tissue volumes at different regions were delineated. Two sets of plans, one with volumetric-modulated arc therapy and another with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were created, optimized for 6 MV photons and dose was calculated. Dosimetry results for tumor, organs at risks (OARs), and healthy tissue from both the techniques were evaluated and compared. Results: Tumor coverage and dose to OARs was significantly better with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Volume of healthy tissue received high-dose within the treatment volume as well as volume of healthy tissue received low and intermediate-dose out of treatment volume were significantly (P < 0.002) lesser with VMAT. Besides, the results showed that as the tumor volume increased, the various dose received healthy tissue volume also increased. Conclusions: VMAT plan can reduce the risk of secondary malignancy while treating different sites of cancer. VMAT is the most appropriate technique than IMRT, especially in the treatment of large tumor volume. Special attention has to be given, especially while treating women and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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38. Secondary osteosarcoma in patients previously treated for childhood cancer: Three case reports.
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Shimatani, Akiyoshi, Aono, Masanari, Hoshi, Manabu, Oebisu, Naoto, Iwai, Tadashi, Takada, Naoki, Hara, Junichi, Nitani, Chika, and Nakamura, Hiroaki
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CHILDHOOD cancer , *CANCER patients , *OSTEOSARCOMA , *RADIOTHERAPY , *DNA topoisomerase II - Abstract
The prognosis of childhood cancers has improved markedly, and the proportion of long-term survivors has increased in recent years. However, with the increase in the number of long-term survivors, the development of latent treatment-related adverse effects, such as secondary malignancies, has generated new problems. Secondary cancer is defined as a histologically distinct malignancy that develops at least 2 months after the completion of treatment for primary cancer. Genetic factors and acquired conditions associated with treatment modalities are possible causes of secondary malignancy development. Genetic factors include the presence of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and retinoblastoma. In terms of acquired factors, radiation and chemotherapy have been reported to be the most strongly associated with secondary malignancy development. The use of alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors for the treatment of childhood cancer increases the subsequent risk of secondary tumors. We herein investigated three cases of secondary osteosarcoma several years after treatment for primary cancer. In the three patients, the familial history did not appear to fit the clinical diagnostic criteria of LFS or retinoblastoma. The patients had not received previous radiation therapy to the anatomical site of the secondary cancer. However, high dosages of alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors had been administered for the treatment of primary cancer. The exact link between chemotherapy and secondary cancer remains elusive, but the possibility of an association should be considered. Following the development of multidisciplinary therapies, long-term follow-up and monitoring of latent adverse effects may be necessary for childhood cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
39. Secondary cancer risk assessment after high-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer radiotherapy in Senegal
- Author
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null Kodjo Joel-Fabrice N’GUESSAN, null Ibrahima SAKHO, null Kanta Ka, and null Maïmouna MANE
- Subjects
General Medicine ,Secondary cancer ,Cancer risk ,Prostate cancer ,Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) ,Modulated volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims at evaluating the excess absoluterisk(EAR)of cancer in thirty patients with high and intermediate risks of prostate cancer based on the Amico’s classification, who received a three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) or a modulated volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) with 6 MV photons energy. Materials and Methods: VMAT plans were performed in simultaneous integrated boost, with 76 Gy to prostateand 56 Gy to pelvic lymph node and seminal vesicle.3DCRT planning was realized in two stages with prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic lymph node receiving46 Gy, in the first stage, and in the second stage, prostateprescribed at 28 Gy. The EAR was assessed using the Schneider concept based on the equivalent dose for a given organ (OED). Thus, the EAR of the rectum, bladder,pelvicbone and healthy pelvic tissues were calculated and compared on the basis of the Mechanistic, Exponential Linear, Plateau and Sarcoma specific Mechanistic models. Results: The EAR in the rectum were found to be higher in 3DCRT than in VMAT. The EAR values ranged from 3.98-5.37 for the rectum, and from 1.05-3.76 for the bladder depending on the model used. Conclusion: The overall EARs analysis for both radiation modalities indicated that the risk of induction of carcinoma in the rectum was higher with 3DCRT, compared with VMAT.However, it would be necessary for validation of predicted models, to conduct prospective clinal trials with a larger patient cohort
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- 2023
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40. Imaging dose in breast radiotherapy: does breast size affect the dose to the organs at risk and the risk of secondary cancer to the contralateral breast?
- Author
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Vikneswary Batumalai, Alexandra Quinn, Michael Jameson, Geoff Delaney, and Lois Holloway
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Breast radiotherapy ,breast size ,imaging ,lifetime attributable risk ,secondary cancer ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Correct target positioning is crucial for accurate dose delivery in breast radiotherapy resulting in utilisation of daily imaging. However, the radiation dose from daily imaging is associated with increased probability of secondary induced cancer. The aim of this study was to quantify doses associated with three imaging modalities and investigate the correlation of dose and varying breast size in breast radiotherapy. Methods Planning computed tomography (CT) data sets of 30 breast cancer patients were utilised to simulate the dose received by various organs from a megavoltage computed tomography (MV‐CT), megavoltage electronic portal image (MV‐EPI) and megavoltage cone‐beam computed tomography (MV‐CBCT). The mean dose to organs adjacent to the target volume (contralateral breast, lungs, spinal cord and heart) were analysed. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between imaging dose and primary breast volume and the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of induced secondary cancer was calculated for the contralateral breast. Results The highest contralateral breast mean dose was from the MV‐CBCT (1.79 Gy), followed by MV‐EPI (0.22 Gy) and MV‐CT (0.11 Gy). A similar trend was found for all organs at risk (OAR) analysed. The primary breast volume inversely correlated with the contralateral breast dose for all three imaging modalities. As the primary breast volume increases, the likelihood of a patient developing a radiation‐induced secondary cancer to the contralateral breast decreases. MV‐CBCT showed a stronger relationship between breast size and LAR of developing a radiation‐induced contralateral breast cancer in comparison with the MV‐CT and MV‐EPI. Conclusions For breast patients, imaging dose to OAR depends on imaging modality and treated breast size. When considering the use of imaging during breast radiotherapy, the patient's breast size and contralateral breast dose should be taken into account.
- Published
- 2015
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41. The risk of secondary cancer in pediatric medulloblastoma patients due to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
- Author
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Sherif, Reham S., Elshemey, Wael M., and Attalla, Ehab M.
- Subjects
- *
INTENSITY modulated radiotherapy , *CHILDHOOD cancer , *ABSORBED dose , *RADIATION carcinogenesis , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *MEDULLOBLASTOMA , *RADIOBIOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is the standard radiation therapy treatment for medulloblastoma. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the lifetime risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer in pediatric medulloblastoma patients using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Materials and Methods: 3D-CRT and IMRT plans were performed for 10 CSI pediatric patients. The average absorbed doses for organs at risk (OARs) was calculated from dose-volume histograms on the treatment planning system. The average lifetime risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer was then calculated.Results: Lifetime risk of secondary cancer for CSI pediatric patients treated using IMRT decreases in some OARs compared with those treated using 3D-CRT. This is attributable to the decrease in the average absorbed dose in some OARs when using IMRT technique.Conclusion: Follow-up of medulloblastoma pediatric patients should be performed after ending the treatment course in order to diagnose early secondary tumors. IMRT technique is substantially better than 3D-CRT in terms of lifetime risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer, probably due to reduced dose to OARs especially to the thyroid, which is the most sensitive organ to radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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42. Changing pattern of secondary cancers among patients with malignant thymoma in the USA.
- Author
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Kumar, Vivek, Garg, Mohit, Goyal, Abhishek, Chaudhary, Neha, Soni, Parita, and Binod Chandra, Abhinav
- Abstract
Background: The risk of developing secondary cancers (SCs) among patients with malignant thymoma in the US has not been estimated in the more recent time period. Methods: We extracted demographic and treatment data from the SEER database to estimate the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Results: Of 1570 patients with thymoma 211 (13.4%) had SCs. The overall risk of developing SCs was higher among patients with thymoma (SIR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.34-1.76). The SIRs for cancers of lung, esophagus, sigmoid colon, soft tissue and heart, kidney, NHL and leukemia was significantly higher as compared to the general US population. Conclusions: Patients with thymoma are at modestly elevated risk of developing SCs as compared to the general US population. Although the overall risk has not changed after 14 additional years of follow up, the distribution of SCs has significantly broadened, with increased diversity across type and anatomic location of SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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43. High-precision Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Early-stage Breast Cancer Patients to Reduce Toxicity and Improve Survival
- Author
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Hoekstra, N. (Nienke) and Hoekstra, N. (Nienke)
- Abstract
The risk of long-term toxicity of radiation treatment for early-stage breast cancer can be reduced by using partial breast irradiation, lungsparing and a non-coplanar beam set-up. The drift of the patient during irradaition and the motion of markers relative to the treatment target are important factors for the calculation of the margin required for partial breast irradiation.
- Published
- 2022
44. Radiation-associated Angiosarcoma Presenting as Massive Pleural Effusion
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Ogino, Hirokazu, Tobiume, Makoto, Kagawa, Kozo, Kawano, Hiroshi, Sakaguchi, Satoshi, Saijo, Atsuro, Matsumoto, Daisuke, Takizawa, Hiromitsu, Morikawa, Yuriko, Bando, Yoshimi, Goto, Hisatsugu, Nokihara, Hiroshi, Nishioka, Yasuhiko, Ogino, Hirokazu, Tobiume, Makoto, Kagawa, Kozo, Kawano, Hiroshi, Sakaguchi, Satoshi, Saijo, Atsuro, Matsumoto, Daisuke, Takizawa, Hiromitsu, Morikawa, Yuriko, Bando, Yoshimi, Goto, Hisatsugu, Nokihara, Hiroshi, and Nishioka, Yasuhiko
- Abstract
A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for massive pleural effusion. He had a history of mandibular gingival carcinoma treated with radiation therapy (RT). Based on the cytology findings of pleural effusion and a thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, we finally diagnosed him with radiation-associated angiosarcoma. Retrospective cell-block immunocytochemistry with pleural effusion also showed potential utility for the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of radiation-associated secondary cancer in patients with pleural effusion who have a history of RT.
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- 2022
45. Risk of second HPV-associated cancers in men with penile cancer
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Jessica Carlsson, Sabina Davidsson, Peter Kirrander, Pernilla Sundqvist, Linda Drevin, Åsa Oxelbark, Dominik Glombik, and Mats Lambe
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Male ,Oncology ,Secondary cancer ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oral cavity ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Penile cancer ,Anal cancer ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Papillomaviridae ,Penile Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Anus Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,Increased risk ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the risk of HPV-associated oral cavity, oropharyngeal or anal cancer in men with penile cancer to test the hypothesis of an increased risk to develop a second HPV-associated cancer later in life.We conducted a population-based register study including all men in Sweden diagnosed with penile cancer between 2000 and 2012. For each patient, six men without penile cancer were matched based on age and county of residence. Data were retrieved from Swedish cancer and population registers, to assess the risk of oral cavity, oropharyngeal or anal cancer in patients with penile cancer. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risks in men with penile cancer were also compared with the background Swedish male population by use of standardized incidence ratios.In total, 1634 men with and 9804 without penile cancer were included in the study. Among men with penile cancer, four men were subsequently diagnosed with oral cavity cancer, one with oropharyngeal cancer and one with anal cancer. Corresponding numbers among the penile cancer-free men were ten, two and three, respectively. There was evidence of an increased risks of all three cancers under study with an HR of 2.84 (95% CI 0.89-9.06) for oral cavity cancer, 3.66 (95% CI 0.33-40.39) for oropharyngeal cancer and 2.34 (95% CI 0.24-22.47) for anal cancer. When comparing the incidence of these malignancies between penile cancer patients and the background population, the patterns of association were similar.Our findings indicate that men with penile cancer are at an increased risk of a second HPV-associated cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx and anal canal. Considering that our study was based on small numbers reflecting the rarity of these cancers, larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
- Published
- 2021
46. Proton beam therapy for a giant hepatic hemangioma: A case report and literature review
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Toshiki Ishida, Yinuo Li, Yuichi Hiroshima, Kei Nakai, Takashi Saito, Motohiro Murakami, Masaharu Hata, Masashi Mizumoto, Takashi Iizumi, Hideyuki Sakurai, Keiichirou Baba, Haruko Numajiri, Shosei Shimizu, Masatoshi Nakamura, and Toshiyuki Okumura
- Subjects
Hepatic Hemangioma ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,Proton beam therapy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,R895-920 ,Case Report ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Hemangioma ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,RC254-282 ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Giant Hemangioma ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Radiation therapy ,Liver ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Liver Hemangioma ,Radiology ,Liver function ,sense organs ,Secondary cancer ,business - Abstract
Highlights • Proton beam therapy is likely to be safe for liver hemangiomas because, in our experience. • Proton beam therapy achieves good local control for liver hemangiomas without causing severe hepatic damage. • Proton beam therapy expected to minimize the risk of late adverse events., Background Hepatic hemangiomas are benign tumors with a favorable prognosis, but giant hepatic hemangiomas can cause abdominal symptoms and are indicated for treatment. Most cases are treated with surgery, but radiotherapy has also been used. However, to date, there have been no reports of proton beam therapy for a hepatic hemangioma. Case presentation A 46-year-old woman had a tumor of 80 × 80 mm in the left medial lobe of the liver, which was diagnosed as a giant hemangioma based on the contrast pattern. Therapy was required for a giant hepatic hemangioma with symptoms, but the patient refused blood transfusion due to religious reasons, which made surgical resection difficult. Therefore, she was referred to our hospital for proton beam therapy. At her first visit, liver function was Child-Pugh A (5 points) and there was no elevation of tumor markers. Proton beam therapy of 28.6 Gy (RBE) given in 13 fractions was performed without interruption. The only observed acute radiation toxicity was Grade 1 dermatitis. One year after proton beam therapy, the hemangioma had significantly decreased, and a complete response has been maintained for 15 years based on ultrasound and MRI. Conclusion This case is the first reported use of proton beam therapy for a hepatic hemangioma. The outcome suggests that this treatment may be effective for a giant liver hemangioma.
- Published
- 2021
47. Risk of Secondary Cancer after Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea
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Soyoung Jeon, Hye Sun Lee, Jooyoung Oh, Jeong-Ho Seok, Chang Ik Yoon, and Dooreh Kim
- Subjects
tamoxifen ,DCIS ,endocrine therapy ,ductal carcinoma in situ ,Clinical Biochemistry ,secondary cancer - Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term secondary malignancy risk of tamoxifen therapy. The data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrieved from the database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, was used to track all-site cancers. Age at the time of surgery, chronic disease status, and type of surgery were considered covariates in the propensity score matching analysis. The median follow-up duration was 89 months. Forty-one patients in the tamoxifen group and nine in the control group developed endometrial cancer. The Cox regression hazard ratio model showed that tamoxifen therapy was the only significant predictor of the development of endometrial cancer (hazard ratio, 2.791; 95% confidence interval, 1.355–5.747; p = 0.0054). No other type of cancer was associated with long-term tamoxifen use. In consonance with the established knowledge, the real-world data in this study demonstrated that tamoxifen therapy is related to an increased incidence of endometrial cancer.
- Published
- 2023
48. Impact of lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer in proton craniospinal irradiation with vertebral-body-sparing for young pediatric patients with medulloblastoma
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Shunsuke Suzuki, Masao Murakami, and Takahiro Kato
- Subjects
Male ,Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ,Vertebral Body ,Adolescent ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Craniospinal Irradiation ,vertebral-body-sparing ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,lifetime attributable risk ,Regular Paper ,proton therapy ,medicine ,Relative biological effectiveness ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Sex Ratio ,Cerebellar Neoplasms ,Child ,Radiation treatment planning ,Proton therapy ,secondary cancer ,Medulloblastoma ,Radiation ,business.industry ,growth disorders ,Stomach ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Attributable risk ,Number needed to treat ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00960 ,Female ,AcademicSubjects/MED00870 ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Organ Sparing Treatments ,Numbers Needed To Treat - Abstract
We used the method proposed by Schneider et al. Theor Biol Med Model 2011;8:27, to clarify how the radiation-induced secondary cancer incidence rate changes in patients after proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) without and with vertebral-body-sparing (VBS). Eight patients aged 3–15 years who underwent proton CSI were enrolled in the study. For each case, two types of plan without and with VBS in the target were compared. The prescribed doses were assumed to be 23.4 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and 36 Gy (RBE). Using the dose–volume histograms of the two plans, the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was calculated by both methods for each patient based on the dose data calculated using an XiO-M treatment planning system. Eight organs were analyzed as follows: lung, colon, stomach, small intestine, liver, bladder, thyroid and bone. When the prescribed dose used was 23.4 Gy (RBE), the average LAR differences and the average number needed to treat (NNT) between proton CSI without and with VBS were 4.04 and 24.8, respectively, whereas the average LAR difference and the average NNT were larger at 8.65 and 11.6, respectively, when the prescribed dose of 36 Gy (RBE) was used. The LAR for radiation-induced secondary cancer was significantly lower in proton CSI with VBS than without VBS in pediatric patients, especially for the colon, lung, stomach and thyroid. The results of this study could serve as reference data when considering how much of vertebral bodies should be included when performing proton CSI according to age in clinical settings.
- Published
- 2020
49. Skin changes in hairy cell leukemia
- Author
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Ewa Robak, Dorota Jesionek-Kupnicka, Anna Wozniacka, and Tadeusz Robak
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Vasculitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Neoplasms ,Adverse drug reactions ,Review Article ,Skin Diseases ,Hairy cell leukemia ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Leukemic Infiltration ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Leukemia cutis ,Adverse effect ,Cladribine ,Melanoma ,Skin ,Leukemia, Hairy Cell ,Hematology ,business.industry ,Infectious ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Cutaneous ,Vemurafenib ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neutrophilic dermatoses ,Interferon ,Secondary cancer ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030215 immunology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Skin lesions have been reported in about 10–12% of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. Most are etiologically related to autoimmune or infectious processes, although secondary cutaneous neoplasms and drug-induced lesions are also reported. However, leukemia cutis with the direct infiltration of the skin by leukemic cells is extremely rare in HCL patients. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and approach to treating skin lesions in HCL. A literature review of the MEDLINE database for articles in English concerning hairy cell leukemia, skin lesions, leukemia cutis, adverse events, infectious, cutaneous, drug reactions, neutrophilic dermatoses, secondary neoplasms, and vasculitis was conducted via PubMed. Publications from January 1980 to September 2020 were scrutinized. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles.
- Published
- 2020
50. Long-term outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation for inoperable esophageal cancer.
- Author
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Jing, Zhao, Chen, Tian, Zhang, Xuebang, and Wu, Shixiu
- Abstract
Elective nodal irradiation ( ENI) might improve overall survival in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer. We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the long-term survival and toxicity of esophageal cancer patients treated with ENI versus conventional-field irradiation ( CFI). All data in the present study were based on our institutional experience from 2000 to 2005 of patients with inoperable esophageal cancer treated with ENI or CFI plus two concurrent cycles of paclitaxel/cisplatin. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 89 patients were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 51 were treated with ENI, whereas 38 were treated with CFI. For the per-protocol population, the patients in the ENI group significantly improved in terms of their 10-year disease-specific overall survival (43.1% vs 10.5%, P = 0.019), 10-year disease-free survival (36.7% vs 10.2%, P = 0.040) and 10-year local recurrence-free survival (47.2% vs 17.2%, P = 0.018) compared with the CFI group. Aside from radiation esophagitis, the incidence of grade 3 or greater acute toxicities did not differ between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that radiation field, tumor length and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors associated with OS. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with ENI improves both disease-specific overall survival and loco-regional control in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer receiving per-protocol treatment. The regimen has a manageable tolerability profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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