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1. Large-volume and room-temperature gamma spectrometer for environmental radiation monitoring

Author

Romain Coulon, Jonathan Dumazert, Tola Tith, Emmanuel Rohée, and Karim Boudergui

Subjects
Xenon, Spectrometry, Environmental, Detector, Radiation, Ionization chamber, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The use of a room-temperature gamma spectrometer is an issue in environmental radiation monitoring. To monitor radionuclides released around a nuclear power plant, suitable instruments giving fast and reliable information are required. High-pressure xenon (HPXe) chambers have range of resolution and efficiency equivalent to those of other medium resolution detectors such as those using NaI(Tl), CdZnTe, and LaBr3:Ce. An HPXe chamber could be a cost-effective alternative, assuming temperature stability and reliability. The CEA LIST actively studied and developed HPXe-based technology applied for environmental monitoring. Xenon purification and conditioning was performed. The design of a 4-L HPXe detector was performed to minimize the detector capacitance and the required power supply. Simulations were done with the MCNPX2.7 particle transport code to estimate the intrinsic efficiency of the HPXe detector. A behavioral study dealing with ballistic deficits and electronic noise will be utilized to provide perspective for further analysis.

Published
2017
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2. Stop squandering data: make units of measurement machine-readable

Author

Robert Hanisch, Stuart Chalk, Romain Coulon, Simon Cox, Steven Emmerson, Francisco Javier Flamenco Sandoval, Alistair Forbes, Jeremy Frey, Blair Hall, Richard Hartshorn, Pascal Heus, Simon Hodson, Kazumoto Hosaka, Daniel Hutzschenreuter, Chu-Shik Kang, Susanne Picard, and Ryan White

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Published
2022
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3. Evaluation of the Long-Term Stability of Metrology Instruments

Author

Romain Coulon

Subjects
Computer science, Stability (probability), Reliability engineering, Term (time), Metrology
Abstract

This chapter aims to emphasize the issue of the long-term stability of instruments used in metrology. This issue is a concern mentioned in the IEC/ISO17025:2017 standard and the JCGM100:2008 guide. Control charts are mentioned in these key documents as tools to assess whether a measurement process is under statistical control or not. Control charts (Shewhart charts, CUSUM chart, EWMA chart) are introduced and tested with simulated and real datasets from metrology instruments that operate at the ionizing department of the BIPM. The interest and the limits of such statistical analysis are discussed. They take their basis in a measurement model composed of Gaussian white noise. Although a measurement monitored over a relatively short period may be consistent with this model, it has been observed that the autocorrelation of the measurement data acquired over a long period limits the relevance of control charts. In this case, time series analysis seems more appropriate than conventional control charts. As an illustration, an optimal Bayesian smoother is introduced to demonstrate how to deconvolve the low-frequency random noise and refine the evaluation of uncertainty according to the measurement model for long-term measurement.

Published
2022
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4. Inverse Problem Approach for the underwater localization of Fukushima Daiichi fuel debris with fission chambers

Author

Q. Lecomte, R. Pissarello, Karim Boudergui, C. Thiam, R. Woo, M. Trocmé, Frederic Laine, H. Hamrita, Adrien Sari, R. Delalez, Camille Frangville, Jonathan Dumazert, Romain Coulon, Frederick Carrel, B. Krausz, M. Bakkali, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), ONET Technologies, The authors thank Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. , for funding this research., Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, nuclear power plant, Fission, Monte Carlo method, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, U235, 0302 clinical medicine, neutron, sensor, Calibration, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Underwater, signal processing, Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, Physics, Neutron localization, instrumentation, irradiation, detector, Fuel debris, Detector, Mechanics, gamma-rays, Inverse problem, simulation, calibration, 0104 chemical sciences, Maximum-Likelihood Expectation Maximization (ML-EM), metrology, radioactivity, Fission chamber, Neutron source, ionizing radiation
Abstract

International audience; Fuel debris have a distinct neutron signature that can be detected to locate the said debris in a damaged nuclear power plant. Neutron measurement in a damaged PCV environment is however submitted to severe deployments constraints, including a high-dose-rate gamma background and limited available space. The study was therefore oriented towards small fission chambers (FC), with U-235-enriched active substrates. To investigate the expected performance of the FC in various irradiation conditions, a numerical model of the detector head was built. We describe the elaboration and experimental calibration of the numerical model and the Monte Carlo study of the fission rate inside U-235 coatings per generated neutron. The evaluation of a representative calibration coefficient then allowed us to carry out a multi-parameter performance study of a FC underwater, aiming at computing an explicit response function linking, on the one hand, the activity and spatial distribution of neutron emitters in a water container, with, one the other hand, the expected count rates measured by a fission chamber as a function of its radial and axial position inside the water volume. The FC underwater behavior was subsequently corroborated by a measurement campaign on a FC response, set at different positions inside a water drum, as a function of its axial and radial distance to a Cf-252 neutron source attached near the center of the container. We finally present an approach in which fuel debris localization is defined as an Inverse Problem, solvable with a Maximum-Likelihood Expectation Maximization (ML-EM) iterative algorithm. The projector matrix is built by capitalization on the results of the previously consolidated numerical studies. The ML-EM was tested on simulated data sets with a varying number of active voxels. Our first results indicate that, for a thermal neutron flux in the order of 10 n.cm−2.s−1 at the detector, originating voxels are identified with a spatial resolution in the radial plane in the order of 10 to 100 cm2.

Published
2020
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5. Investigation of fission chamber response in the frame of fuel debris localization measurements at Fukushima Daiichi

Author

R. Pissarello, C. Thiam, H. Hamrita, B. Krausz, F. Carrel, Camille Frangville, F. Laine, Jonathan Dumazert, K. Boudergui, R. Delalez, A. Sari, M. Trocmé, Romain Coulon, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), ONET Technologies, This work was supported by Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Fission chamber, 020209 energy, Nuclear engineering, Gamma irradiation trials, Fuel debris localization, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron flux measurement, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, modelling, U235, neutron, law, LINAC, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, MCNP, Neutron, Irradiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], signal processing, damaged nuclear reactor, nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, Radiation, primary containment vessel, irradiation, dosimetry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, dismantling, dose, Particle accelerator, MCNP6 simulation, Nuclear reactor, simulation, Debris, Neutron temperature, Fukushima daiichi, 13. Climate action, radioactivity, Environmental science, nuclear reactor, ionizing radiation, Fukushima Daiichi
Abstract

International audience; This work aims at assessing the performance of a 235U enriched fission chamber in order to localize fuel debris, prior to dismantling operations, in a flooded primary containment vessel of a damaged nuclear reactor such as Fukushima Daiichi. Based on both a comprehensive scan of the environment and the detection of neutrons emitted by the melted core, fuel debris can be localized. In this paper, we carry out a simulation study using the MCNP6 code to investigate fission chamber response in the frame of fuel debris localization measurements in a damaged nuclear reactor. The CFUF34 fission chamber (manufactured by PHOTONIS) and the primary containment vessel of Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1 were chosen to conduct this work. Impact of different parameters were investigated with MCNP6, such as: neutron energy, water temperature, fission chamber position (altitude, lateral shift, and rotation), and sensitivity loss due to sediments potentially covering fuel debris. In summary, we show that fuel debris should be sought by their thermal neutron signature at a distance of a few centimeters and that potential rotational movements of the fission chamber up to 60° have a limited impact on signals measured. We also show that sensitivity loss due to sediments potentially covering fuel debris has been evaluated on the order of a factor 10 considering a 30 cm-thick sediment layer. On the other hand, experiments were performed to assess the impact of a strong gamma dose rate on fission chamber measurements. These irradiation trials involved a CFUE32 fission chamber (also manufactured by PHOTONIS) available in our laboratory and three different irradiation means: an X-ray tube, an 192Ir source, and a linear electron accelerator. These experiments enable to draw the conclusion that the fission chamber is not impacted by the gamma dose rate up to 104 Gy h−1, which is in good agreement with specifications provided by the manufacturer (PHOTONIS). In addition, no performance degradation was observed after an integrated gamma dose of 2200 Gy on the fission chamber in a 10 min irradiation. However, when the fission chamber is irradiated by gamma dose rates above 104 Gy h−1 (upper limit of the operating domain specified by PHOTONIS), a significant gamma background is observed. Nevertheless, as the gamma dose rates at Fukushima Daiichi should not exceed 103 Gy h−1, fission chamber measurements performed towards fuel debris localization in the primary containment vessels of the units would not be affected by the severe gamma-ray irradiation.

Published
2020
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6. Large-volume and room-temperature gamma spectrometer for environmental radiation monitoring

Author

Emmanuel Rohee, Jonathan Dumazert, Karim Boudergui, Romain Coulon, Tola Tith, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Xenon, Nuclear engineering, RAY SPECTROMETER, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, NUCLEAR, Radiation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Environmental, Reliability (semiconductor), HIGH-PRESSURE XENON, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Physics, SPECTROSCOPY, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectrometry, Detector, IONIZATION-CHAMBER, LIQUID XENON, lcsh:TK9001-9401, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, GAS, Ionization chamber, Measuring instrument, Radiation monitoring, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, ionizing radiation, HIGH-RESOLUTION
Abstract

International audience; The use of a room-temperature gamma spectrometer is an issue in environmental radiation monitoring. To monitor radionuclides released around a nuclear power plant, suitable instruments giving fast and reliable information are required. High-pressure xenon (HPXe) chambers have range of resolution and efficiency equivalent to those of other medium resolution detectors such as those using NaI(Tl), CdZnTe, and LaBr3:Ce. An HPXe chamber could be a cost-effective alternative, assuming temperature stability and reliability. The CEA LIST actively studied and developed HPXe-based technology applied for environmental monitoring. Xenon purification and conditioning was performed. The design of a 4-L HPXe detector was performed to minimize the detector capacitance and the required power supply. Simulations were done with the MCNPX2.7 particle transport code to estimate the intrinsic efficiency of the HPXe detector. A behavioral study dealing with ballistic deficits and electronic noise will be utilized to provide perspective for further analysis.

Published
2017
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7. Design of a delayed neutron detection system for the ASTRID Sodium-cooled fast reactor

Author

C. Jammes, Emmanuel Rohee, Romain Coulon, P. Filliatre, Jonathan Dumazert, Sara Garti, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, Nuclear engineering, Sodium, QC1-999, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Fission products, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, modelling, Sodium-cooled fast reactor, particle transport, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Neutron detection, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, Fast reactor, instrumentation, Neutron-gamma discrimination, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, neutrons, simulation, Fuel failure, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, chemistry, Delayed neutron, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME]
Abstract

Animma 2017 : Liège, Belgique, 19th to 23rd 2017; International audience; Delayed neutron detection systems are key apparati in Sodium cooled Fast Reactors to prevent safety accidents. Based on the feedbacks from Phenix and Superphenix, DND systems are studied by means of the Monte-Carlo particles transport code MCNP6. Promising designs are proposed and investigated as a result of the simulation study.

Published
2017
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8. Moving Sources Detection Algorithm for Radiation Portal Monitors Used in a Linear Network

Author

Stephane Normand, Vladimir Kondrasovs, Karim Boudergui, Romain Coulon, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, source, detection, security, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Radiation Portal Monitor, Signal, measure-ment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Reduction (complexity), 03 medical and health sciences, ALARM, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, instrument, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Index Terms-Algorithm, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Time series, signal processing, Mathematics, filter, radioactive, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Algorithm, radiation, nuclear, monitor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, safeguard, time series analysis, Path (graph theory), measurement, False alarm, moving, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; To monitor radioactivity passing through a vehicle such as a pedestrian, a car, a train or a truck, Radiation Portal Monitors (RMP) are commonly employed. These detection systems consist of a large volume detector set close to the potential source path. An alarm is then triggered when the signal rises over a threshold initially estimated in view of the natural background signal. The approach developed in this work makes use of several detectors in a network along the source path. The correlation detection approach is elaborated to take into account the temporal periodicity of the signals taken by all distributed sensors as a whole. This new detection method is then not based only on counting statistics but also on the temporal series analysis. Therefore, a specific algorithm has been developed in our laboratory for this security application and shows a significant improvement, especially in terms of detection probability increase and false alarm reduction. This paper presents the theoretical approach and promising results obtained by simulation.

Published
2014
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9. Nanoparticles-loaded plastic scintillators for fast/thermal neutrons/gamma discrimination: Simulation and results

Author

Jonathan Dumazert, Guillaume H. V. Bertrand, Matthieu Hamel, Camille Frangville, Amélie Grabowski, Clément Lynde, Eva Montbarbon, Romain Coulon, Amélie Venerosy, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), ANR-15-CE39-0006,NESSYNED,Nouveaux Systèmes Scintillants pour la Détection de Neutrons(2015), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Ionizing radiation, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, intrumentation, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Radiation, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, MCNP, Figure of merit, fast neutrons, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, nuclear instrumentation, thermal neutrons, Plastic scintillator, Physics, Neutron-gamma discrimination, nanoparticle-loaded scintillator, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, simulation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Neutron temperature, lithium tetraborate, detection chamber, chemistry, radioactivity, nanoparticles, Lithium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We report herein the application of a new series of plastic scintillators loaded with lithium tetraborate nanoparticles (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ) designed for the simultaneous detection of fast neutrons, thermal neutrons and gamma-rays. First, MCNP simulations are performed to highlight the potential benefit of Li 2 B 4 O 7 loading. Then, a nanoparticle-loaded scintillator is prepared and evaluated towards the detection of a partially thermalized neutron/gamma 252-californium source. Several scenarios of radiation/matter interactions are evaluated against the observed results. A detection chamber composed of boron-containing chipboard wood has been specifically designed and a subtraction method was set up to afford the best discrimination pattern. For the first time, a triple discrimination is presented with a nanoparticles-loaded plastic scintillator, where both 6 Li(n, α ) and 10 B(n, α ) signatures are observed. A Figure of Merit of 1.40 was calculated between fast neutrons and gamma rays around 480 keVee. The Figure of Merit between fast + thermal neutrons and gamma rays is slightly worse as it is 1.16 at 380 keVee.

Published
2019
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10. N-(2-Ethylhexyl)carbazole: A New Fluorophore Highly Suitable as a Monomolecular Liquid Scintillator

Author

Romain Coulon, Robert Pansu, Élodie Magnier, Fabien Sguerra, Matthieu Hamel, Guillaume H. V. Bertrand, Eva Montbarbon, Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, French Direction Generale de l'ArmementSecretariat General de la Defense et de la Securite Nationale, ANR-12-SECU-0002,Lux plastic,Amélioration de la réponse de scintillateurs plastiques par luminescence de complexes organométalliques(2012), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)

Subjects
Fluorophore, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, radiochemistry, Scintillation, SOLVENT, scintillation, Chemistry, Carbazole, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Gamma ray, GAMMA-RAYS, excimer, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fluorescence, Neutron temperature, 0104 chemical sciences, carbazoles, DISCRIMINATION, Scintillation counter, fluorescence, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract

International audience; The synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications in scintillation counting of N-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz) are reported. This molecule displays all of the required characteristics for an efficient liquid scintillator (emission wavelength, scintillation yield), and can be used without any extra fluorophores. Thus, its scintillation properties are discussed, as well as its fast neutron/gamma discrimination. For the latter application, the material is compared with the traditional liquid scintillator BC-501 A, and other liquid fluorescent molecules classically used as scintillation solvents, such as xylene, pseudocumene (PC), linear alkylbenzenes (LAB), diisopropylnaphthalene (DIN), 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MeNapht), and 4-isopropylbiphenyl (iPrBiph). For the first time, an excimeric form of a molecule has been advantageously used in scintillation counting. A moderate discrimination between fast neutrons and gamma rays was observed in bulk EHCz, with an apparent neutron/gamma discrimination potential half of that of BC-501 A.

Published
2016
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11. Modeling Chemical Degradation of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and its Impact on Fuel Cell Performance

Author

Romain Coulon, Wolfgang G. Bessler, and Alejandro A. Franco

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Elektrochemische Energietechnik, Chemistry, Nafion, Inorganic chemistry, Modeling, Membrane, Modellierung, Electrolyte, Polymer, Niedertemperaturbrennstoffzelle, Conductivity, Electrochemistry, Degradation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sulfonate, Side chain, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, PEMFC, Brennstoffzelle, Chemical decomposition
Abstract

We present here an elementary kinetic model of the electrochemical phenomena occurring in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFC). Chemical degradation of the Nafion® membrane is described through a combination of OH radical formation via Fenton's reaction and a radical mechanism of side chain decomposition. At the electrodes, the model is coupled to a description of the hydrogen oxidation reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction, and the hydrogen peroxide formation reaction at the anodic side. We establish a first feedback between the evolution of structural properties of the membrane and its transport parameters (i.e., proton conductivity) for a fully humidified fuel cell. We assess the influence of the chemical membrane degradation on the cell performance and on macroscopic properties of the membrane (i.e., sulfonate site concentration).

Published
2010
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12. Correction: Understanding the behaviour of different metals in loaded scintillators: discrepancy between gadolinium and bismuth

Author

Guillaume H. V. Bertrand, Jonathan Dumazert, Fabien Sguerra, Romain Coulon, Gwenolé Corre, Matthieu Hamel, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
bismuth, Materials Chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, scintillators, gadolinium, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

Correction for ‘Understanding the behaviour of different metals in loaded scintillators: discrepancy between gadolinium and bismuth’ by Guillaume H. V. Bertrand et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015, 3, 6006.

Published
2015
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13. Nuclear counting filter based on a Centered Skellam Test and a double Exponential Smoothing

Author

Vladimir Kondrasovs, Stephane Normand, Jonathan Dumazert, Emmanuel Rohee, Romain Coulon, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Computer science, maximum likelihood estimation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, radioactivity measurement, nuclear counting filter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Nonlinear filter, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Kernel adaptive filter, Nuclear, Index Terms-Nuclear, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Measurement, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Filter, Exponential smoothing, stochastic nature, Adaptive filter, Filter design, Brown double exponential smoothing, Filter (video), radioactivity, Signal Processing, nonlinear filter, Poisson distribution, local maximum likelihood estimation, Algorithm, centered Skellam test, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Smoothing, Count data
Abstract

Conference of 4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2015 ; Conference Code:121554; International audience; Online nuclear counting represents a challenge due to the stochastic nature of radioactivity. The count data have to be filtered in order to provide a precise and accurate estimation of the count rate, this with a response time compatible with the application in view. An innovative filter is presented in this paper addressing this issue. It is a nonlinear filter based on a Centered Skellam Test (CST) giving a local maximum likelihood estimation of the signal based on a Poisson distribution assumption. This nonlinear approach allows to smooth the counting signal while maintaining a fast response when brutal change activity occur. The filter has been improved by the implementation of a Brown's double Exponential Smoothing (BES). The filter has been validated and compared to other state of the art smoothing filters. The CST-BES filter shows a significant improvement compared to all tested smoothing filters.

Published
2015
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14. Nuclear signal simulation applied to gas ionizing chambers

Author

Romain Coulon, Jonathan Dumazert, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Ionization, Xenon, Monte-Carlo particle transport codes, Ion Chamber, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 010104 statistics & probability, charged particles, Anodes, Instrumentation, Physics, Measurement, Detector, particle transport codes, Shape, Monte Carlo methods, high pressure xenon chambers, gas ionizing chambers, Charged particle, energy deposited calculation, Ionization chamber, pulse temporal shaping, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Simulation, Pulse Shape Analysis, chemistry.chemical_element, noise level, Charge carriers, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nuclear measurement, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Optics, output track file PTRAC, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 0101 mathematics, Monte-Carlo, Index Terms-Nuclear, full detector simulation, nuclear signal simulation, pulse shape analysis techniques, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, detector simulation, ionisation chambers, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Pulse (physics), chemistry, ion chambers, business, Energy (signal processing), ballistic deficit phenomenon
Abstract

Conference of 4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2015 ; Conference Code:121554; International audience; Particle transport codes used in detector simulation allow the calculation of the energy deposited by charged particles produced following an interaction. The pulses temporal shaping is more and more used in nuclear measurement into pulse shape analysis techniques. A model is proposed in this paper to simulate the pulse temporal shaping and the associated noise level thanks to the output track file PTRAC provides by Monte-Carlo particle transport codes. The model has been dedicated to ion chambers and more especially for High Pressure Xenon chambers HPXe where the pulse shape analysis can resolve some issues regarding with this technology as the ballistic deficit phenomenon. The model is fully described and an example is presented as a validation of such full detector simulation.

Published
2015
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15. Plastic scintillators modifications for a selective radiation detection

Author

Guillaume H. V. Bertrand, Romain Coulon, Frederick Carrel, Fabien Sguerra, Jonathan Dumazert, Eva Montbarbon, Matthieu Hamel, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, French Direction Générale de l’ArmementSecrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité NationaleAgence Nationale de la Recherche, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)

Subjects
selective radiation detection, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, plastic scintillator modifications, Gadolinium, Lithium, radiation particle detection, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Radiation, Scintillator, plastic scintillator, Particle detector, Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], nuclear instrumentation, Neutrons, instrumentation, detector, business.industry, Loading, solid scintillation detectors, radioactivity, detection properties, Particle, Gamma-rays, ionizing radiation, business
Abstract

Conference of 4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2015 ; Conference Code:121554; International audience; Recent developments of plastic scintillators are reviewed, from January 2000 to June 2015. All examples are distributed into the main application, i.e. how the plastic scintillator was modified to enhance the detection towards a given radiation particle. The main characteristics of these newly created scintillators and their detection properties are given.

Published
2015
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16. Benchmark study of TRIPOLI-4 through experiment and MCNP codes

Author

Nicolas Huot, Odile Petit, Stephane Normand, Maugan Michel, Romain Coulon, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), The authors would like to thank CEA/DRT for financial support, Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire (Belgium), France: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique., Université de Provence, IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Service d’Études des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA)

Subjects
Photon, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Nuclear engineering, Monte Carlo method, Benchmark, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Calibration, Neutron, [STAT.CO]Statistics [stat]/Computation [stat.CO], MCNPX, Monte Carlo simulation, Reliability (statistics), Physics, Efficiency calibration, Detector, TRIPOLI, Gamma-ray spectrometry, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor detector, MNCP5, Benchmark (computing), HPGe
Abstract

International audience; Reliability on simulation results is essential in nuclear physics. Although MCNP5 and MCNPX are the world widely used 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes, alternative Monte Carlo simulation tools exist to simulate neutral and charged particles' interactions with matter. Therefore, benchmark are required in order to validate these simulation codes.For instance, TRIPOLI-4.7, developed at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission for neutron and photon transport, now also provides the user with a full feature electron-photon electromagnetic shower. Whereas the reliability of TRIPOLI-4.7 for neutron and photon transport has been validated yet, the new development regarding electron-photon matter interaction needs additional validation benchmarks. We will thus demonstrate how accurately TRIPOLI-4's "deposited spectrum'' tally can simulate gamma spectrometry problems, compared to MCNP's "F8'' tally. The experimental setup is based on an HPGe detector measuring the decay spectrum of an $^{152}$Eu source. These results are then compared with those given by MCNPX 2.6d and TRIPOLI-4 codes.This paper deals with both the experimental aspect and simulation. We will demonstrate that TRIPOLI-4 is a potential alternative to both MCNPX and MCNP5 for gamma-electron interaction simulation.

Published
2011
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