397 results on '"RESERVE NATURELLE"'
Search Results
2. Gestion des néophytes envahissantes dans les réserves de Pro Natura Vaud.
- Author
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Slowinski, Alusia, Clot, d'Anne-Claude Pumettaz, and Prunier, Patrice
- Abstract
This article examines the state of colonisation in 2019 by invasive alien species of the 16 most important protected natural reserves of Pro Natura Vaud. Based on the collected data and on the maps that have been produced, some management methods have been proposed to the wildland's managers in order to prioritize, determine and coordinate the actions against those species in all the reserves of Pro Natura Vaud. These methods have been applied directly after their adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
3. Côte d'Ivoire : les aires protégées entre politique de conservation contrastée et réinterprétation sociale/Ivory Coast: Protected Areas between Contrasting Conservation Policy and Social Reinterpretation.
- Author
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Kra, Walter Kouamé
- Subjects
NATURE reserves ,PROTECTED areas ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,COCOA - Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Perception of ecosystem services by family farmers in the municipality of Irituia/PA, Eastern Amazon: Subsidies for forest restoration
- Author
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Almeida, Aurea, Ferreira, Joice Nunes, Coudel, Emilie, Almeida, Aurea, Ferreira, Joice Nunes, and Coudel, Emilie
- Abstract
Due to the lack of studies about the sociocultural dimension of ecosystem services, we analyze in this work the perception of these benefits by family farmers who have agroforestry systems in the northeast of Pará, in the Amazon region. With this objective, we categorize forest restoration strategies based on primary data collection - interviews, semi structured questionnaire, illustrated questionnaire and Likert Scale. Through the relative perception based on the application of Likert scales, we observed that the farmers recognize the benefits provided by agroforest systems and natural landscapes, with high perception of ecosystem services in all the categories present in the Millennium ecosystem evaluation. Furthermore, the higher perceptions of ecosystem services are related to the group of farmers with a smaller area of forest reserve and bigger area of agroforest systems. The result suggests that loss of forest area, at the individual level, probably drives to a higher sense of the benefits of natural systems and thus, the increment in agroforestry systems constitutes an attempt to return to functions and benefits lost through environmental degradation over time. In general, support programs are necessary to strengthen the capacity of agroforestry systems to provide ecosystem services and increase biodiversity conservation.
- Published
- 2023
5. La fabrique de la protection
- Author
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Laslaz, Lionel, Robert-Kérivel, Agathe, Vial-Pailler, Chloé, and Noûs, Camille
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domaine skiable ,mountain resort ,social acceptance ,conflict ,winter sports ,conflit ,nature reserve ,stratégies ,protection ,national park core ,cœur de parc national ,sports d’hiver ,ski area ,strategies ,station de montagne ,réserve naturelle ,arrangements ,acceptation sociale - Abstract
Cet article propose de montrer en quoi les évolutions de périmètres, les suppressions de réserves naturelles et les compensations qui en découlent, ou leur absorption en cœur de parc national, illustrent la construction et jalonnent le processus d’acceptation sociale de ces dernières. Dans le contexte des réserves naturelles nationales de montagne (Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isère, Hautes-Alpes), des usages difficilement compatibles conduisent à revoir les limites, voire l’existence même des périmètres de protection et traduisent les arrangements avec ceux-ci et avec l’espace effectués par les différents décideurs. Une réflexion sur la notion de contiguïté et de porte d’entrée permet de penser leurs différentes stratégies d’articulation aux espaces équipés pour le tourisme, notamment les domaines skiables. La capacité de circulation dans les réserves avec plus ou moins de contraintes contribue en effet aussi à leur acceptation. This article proposes to show how changes in the boundaries, the deletion of nature reserves and the resulting compensation, or their absorption into the heart of a national park, illustrate the construction and mark the process of social acceptance of the latter. In the context of the national nature reserves in the mountains (Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isère, Hautes-Alpes), uses that are difficult to reconcile lead to a review of the limits or even the very existence of the protection perimeters and reflect the arrangements made with them and with the space by the various decision-makers. A reflection on the notion of contiguity and gateway allows us to think about their different strategies of articulation with areas equipped for tourism, notably ski areas. The ability to circulate in the reserves with more or less constraints also contributes to their acceptance.
- Published
- 2023
6. Habitat use and population structure of the invasive red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in a protected area in northern Italy.
- Author
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Donato, Roberta, Rollandin, Marta, Favaro, Livio, Ferrarese, Alessio, Pessani, Daniela, and Ghia, Daniela
- Subjects
FISH habitats ,PROCAMBARUS clarkii ,INTRODUCED species ,PROTECTED areas - Abstract
Copyright of Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Do wild suids from Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa, play a role in the maintenance and transmission of African swine fever to domestic pigs?
- Author
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Eric Etter, Jan Helenus W. Ferguson, Cynthia Mapendere, Ferran Jori, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), American Society for Mammalogists, National Research Foundation, Association for African Universities, and Belgian Technical Cooperation
- Subjects
Game reserve ,Swine ,Virus peste porcine africaine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Sus scrofa ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,0403 veterinary science ,South Africa ,Suidae ,Porcin ,Réserve naturelle ,Dry season ,domestic pigs ,Pig farming ,bushpigs ,Ornithodoros ,Phacochoerus ,Swine Diseases ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Potamochoerus ,African Swine Fever Virus ,Domestic pig ,Geography ,Peste porcine africaine ,Sylvatic cycle ,L20 - Écologie animale ,zoonose ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Zoology ,Relation hôte pathogène ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Transmission des maladies ,Maladie transmissible par tiques ,030304 developmental biology ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Outbreak ,L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Ornithodoros moubata ,sylvatic cycle ,African swine fever ,warthogs - Abstract
In Southern Africa, the African Swine Fever (ASF) sylvatic cycle presents a permanent threat for the development of the pig farming industry. Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus), wild reservoirs of ASF are present in Ndumo Game Reserve (NGR), located in Northern KwaZulu Natal Province in South Africa and within 30 km of the locations of endemic ASF outbreaks in Mozambique where sylvatic disease transmission has been implicated. To assess if wild suids represent a risk of ASF virus spillover to domestic pigs in the neighbouring community, transect counts and fence patrols were conducted and camera traps were deployed in NGR to estimate wild suid abundance and incursions outside NGR boundaries. We searched for Ornithodoros ticks in 35 warthog burrows distributed across different NGR areas. Pig farmers (n=254) surrounding Mathenjwa Community were interviewed to gather information on interactions between domestic and wild suids and the occurrence of ASF. We conclude that NGR has established populations of bushpigs and warthogs, estimated at 5 and 3-5 individuals/km2 respectively. Both species move out of the reserve regularly (15.4 warthogs/day and 6.35 bushpigs/day), with a significant increase of movements during the dry season. Some farmers observed warthogs and bushpigs as far as 8 and 19 km from the reserve respectively, but no direct wild-domestic suids interactions nor any ASF outbreaks were reported. In addition, no soft ticks were found among the 35 warthog burrows. The absence of ticks in warthog burrows from NGR and the absence of reported outbreaks and familiarity with ASF in the surrounding farming area, suggest that a sylvatic cycle of ASF is at present unlikely in NGR. However, further research should be undertaken to confirm this by surveying a larger number of warthog burrows and monitoring potential antibodies in warthogs from NGR and domestic pigs in the neighbouring community.
- Published
- 2021
8. Desafios do funcionamento de conselhos deliberativos em reservas extrativistas marinhas na região bragantina do estado do Pará
- Author
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Marc Piraux and Ivanilde De Sousa do Espirito Santo
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Gestion fondée sur la participation ,Prise de décision ,conseil ,M01 - Pêche et aquaculture - Considérations générales ,Gestion des ressources marines ,Réserve naturelle ,Gouvernance ,General Materials Science ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières - Abstract
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e comparar o funcionamento dos conselhos deliberativos das Reservas Extrativistas (RESEX) marinhas Caeté-Taperaçu e Araí-Peroba, a partir de alguns critérios da governança territorial. O estudo foi realizado nas RESEX Marinhas Caeté-Taperaçu (município de Bragança) e na Araí-Peroba (município de Augusto Corrêa), criadas em 2005, na região nordeste do estado do Pará. O trabalho foi elaborado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados se deu através de dados secundários, questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Observou-se que, apesar das dificuldades, o conselho deliberativo da RESEX marinha Caeté-Taperaçu está funcionando, embora com uma gestão centralizada e ineficiente. Já o conselho deliberativo da RESEX marinha Araí-Peroba encontra-se inativo desde 2014. Os motivos foram: a falta de uma gestão descentralizada, o difícil acesso a RESEX, entendimento do significado de uma RESEX, forte assistencialismo e a política partidária. Conclui-se que, apesar da governança territorial ser uma inovação social para a gestão dos territórios de RESEX marinhas, nos conselhos deliberativos Caeté-Taperaçu e Araí-Peroba falta uma governança, visto que, identificou-se arranjos institucionais enfraquecidos e participações não efetivas das comunidades extrativistas no processo de decisão.
- Published
- 2021
9. The policyscape of agroforestry within Mediterranean protected landscapes in France
- Author
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Clara Therville, Hubert de Foresta, Martine Antona, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sociology and Political Science ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Agroforesterie ,010501 environmental sciences ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,01 natural sciences ,Système sylvopastoral ,Social group ,Réserve naturelle ,Politique de l'environnement ,Gouvernance ,2. Zero hunger ,Governance ,Utilisation des terres ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,Instrument ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Protected area ,Variety (cybernetics) ,E11 - Économie et politique foncières ,Mediterranean landscape ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Conservation du paysage ,Context (language use) ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Policyscape ,Politics ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,systèmes agroforestiers ,Mediteranean landscape ,Collective action ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Sustainable development ,Paysage ,business.industry ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,15. Life on land ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Zone protegée ,Politique forestière ,Business ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Landscape ecology ,Politique agricole ,Policy instrument - Abstract
International audience; Agroforestry systems (AFS) are presented as systems likely to meet a variety of interests from diverse stakeholders embodied in sectoral policies such as forestry or environment policies. However, they are in a process of being institutionalized in Europe through specific policy instruments mostly within agricultural policies. In this context, we investigated the agroforestry policyscape, meaning the social and spatial articulation between multiple policies impacting agroforestry along a Mediterranean landscape gradient from agricultural intensification to land abandonment. We focused on the necessary conditions to promote socio-political synergies between practices, actors and instruments to tackle agroforestry, from preexisting to emerging systems and issues in these landscapes. We worked in two Mediterranean protected areas, the Ventoux Biosphere Reserve and the Verdon Regional Nature Park, and conducted in-depth interviews with 50 practitioners and sectoral representatives from diverse policies directly affecting AFS. We identified five categories of AFS, some of them being traditional declining practices while other ‘modern’ forms are currently emerging with the ongoing agro-ecological transition. We highlighted that while stakeholders and policies from multiple social groups are interested in some AFS such as silvopastures, others AFS such as silvoarable systems are confined to a single social and political field, the agricultural one, or even ignored by policies such as grazed orchards. Regarding this agroforestry policyscape, we discuss opportunities for agroforestry development with issues of policies coordination, lack of instruments, and need for synergies with environmental or land-use planning policies.
- Published
- 2020
10. The marine vegetation of the Kerguelen Islands: history of scientific campaigns, inventory of the flora and first analysis of its biogeographical affinities
- Author
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Sebastián Rosenfeld, Jean-Pierre Féral, Thomas Saucède, Marc Verlaque, Anne Chenuil, Elie Poulin, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, French Polar Institute-IPEV (program n°1044-Proteker), France, LTSER Zone Atelier Antarctique et Subantarctique (ZATA), France, programs PIA CONICYT ACT172065 (GAB) and CONICYT PIA SUPPORT CCTE AFB170008 (IEB), Chile., Proteker - programme IPEV n°1044, PIA CONICYT ACT172065 (GAB), Chile, CONICYT PIA SUPPORT CCTE AFB170008 (IEB), Chile, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,macroalgae ,Flora ,Marine vegetation ,macroalgues ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,scientific diving ,French Southern ,Chlorophyta ,plongée scientifique ,changement global ,14. Life underwater ,Southern Ocean ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,global change ,Taxonomy ,Terres australes françaises ,benthos côtier ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Inventaire ,Forestry ,Biodiversity ,15. Life on land ,Ochrophyta -Phaeophyceae ,Océan Austral ,Checklist ,Geography ,proteker ,Rhodophyta ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,natural reserve ,réserve naturelle ,coastal benthos ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
International audience; La végétation marine des îles Kerguelen, inventaire de la flore et première analyse de ses affinités biogéographiques.Conçu comme une base de référence indispensable à la gestion et à la conservation de la flore marine dans l’aire marine protégée des Terres australes françaises (réserve naturelle nationale des Terres australes françaises), l’inventaire de la flore marine des îles Kerguelen a été mis à jour sur la base d’un examen approfondi de la littérature et des bases de données scientifiques, du premier rapport de l’expédition Ross, en 1840, jusqu’aux travaux les plus récents. Ce travail a aussi pour objectif de constituer un point de départ pour de futures investigations utilisant les outils de la systématique moléculaire, et pour le suivi des effets du changement global sur les écosystèmes marins subantarctiques. Après un bref historique des campagnes scientifiques menées, une liste de 166 espèces a été établie (103 Rhodophyta, 35 Chlorophyta et 28 Ochrophyta [Phaeophyceae]). Les travaux récents ont montré l’existence de divergences récurrentes entre la taxinomie actuelle, établie sur des caractères morphologiques et la délimitation moléculaire des espèces, préconisant une révision de la systématique des macroalgues. Une première analyse des affinités biogéographiques de la flore marine des îles Kerguelen a été cependant réalisée et les résultats préliminaires se sont révélés en partie congruents avec les grandes régions actuellement reconnues dans l’océan Austral, suggérant l’importance du phénomène de dispersion sur de longues distances pour expliquer les motifs de distribution observés.; Conceived as a baseline for the management and conservation of the marine protected area of the French Southern Territories (réserve naturelle nationale des Terres australes françaises), the checklist of marine macroalgae of the Kerguelen Islands was updated based on an extensive review of the literature and scientific databases, from the first report of the Ross expedition, in 1840, to the most recent works. This work was also conceived as a starting point for forthcoming investigations using molecular systematics tools and for monitoring the effects of global change on sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. After a brief history of scientific campaigns, a list of 166 species was established (103 Rhodophyta, 35 Chlorophyta and 28 Ochrophyta [Phaeophyceae]). Molecular systematics studiess have shown the existence of recurrent discrepancies between the established, morphology-based taxonomy and molecular species delimitation, calling for a revision of systematics. Nevertheless, a first analysis of biogeographical affinities of the marine flora of the Kerguelen Islands is carried out and preliminary results are partially congruent with the main regions currently recognized in the Southern Ocean suggesting the importance of long-distance dispersal to explain the observed distribution patterns.
- Published
- 2021
11. Écologiser le génie civil pour innover dans la restauration des écosystèmes : le cas d'un chantier de réhabilitation d'une fuite d'hydrocarbures
- Author
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T. DUTOIT, A. BULOT, and A. WOLFF
- Subjects
pollution du sol ,steppe ,réserve naturelle ,réhabilitation ,ingénierie écologique ,acceptabilité sociale ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Le 07 août 2009, est survenue dans la Réserve naturelle nationale des Coussouls de Crau, une fuite d'oléoduc. Celle-ci a libéré 5 400m3de pétrole brut et détruit 8 ha d'une végétation de type steppique, particulièrement rare sur le continent européen. Les journées qui ont suivi l'accident ont révélé le manque de préparation des gestionnaires et la méconnaissance des exploitants vis-à-vis de la valeur patrimoniale de l'habitat. Dans un premier temps, c'est ainsi seulement le caractère « industriel » de l'accident qui a été pris en compte. Son impact sur le patrimoine naturel ne sera intégré que lors de la mise en place d'un comité de suivi technique créé par arrêté préfectoral. Au sein du groupe technique consacré à la biodiversité, comprenant les représentants de l'administration environnementale, les gestionnaires d'espaces naturels, l'exploitant, ses bureaux d'études et des experts scientifiques, vont s'élaborer des protocoles innovants de réhabilitation du site. C'est le dialogue constant au sein de ce groupe qui a permis l'acceptation des innovations par les différents intervenants. Cet accident va ainsi permettre la réalisation d'opérations d'ingénierie écologique originales qui n'auraient pas été mises en place sans l'existence de ce dialogue, les moyens financiers et l'urgence des interventions à mener.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. À la croisée des chemins ontologiques
- Author
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Hiav-Yen Dam
- Subjects
analogisme ,animisme ,Chine ,Li ,naturalisme ,réserve naturelle ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
The «ontological turn» in anthropology challenges the universality of the nature-culture divide and calls for alternative approaches to different perceptions of environments. This article studies how dwellers, administrators, field guides and tourists perform a Chinese nature reserve. By testing the heuristic value of Philippe Descola’s cosmological grid, it explores the ways in which a variety of actors perceive themselves and «others», how they categorise the place and the beings that live in it, and what they do and think others do inside. As a result, it shows how mutual ignorance of these diverging engagements in a common environment gives rise to «ontological conflicts», while new possibilities of coexistence emerge.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Écotourisme et aires protégées en Afrique centrale : un avenir en commun
- Author
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Doumenge, Charles, Michel, Baudouin, Poliwa, Rémy, Breuer, Thomas, De Chassey, Esther, Ngoga, Télesphore, Arranz, Luis, Doumenge, Charles, Michel, Baudouin, Poliwa, Rémy, Breuer, Thomas, De Chassey, Esther, Ngoga, Télesphore, and Arranz, Luis
- Published
- 2021
14. Avant-propos
- Author
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Palla, Florence, Doumenge, Charles, Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic, Palla, Florence, Doumenge, Charles, and Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic
- Published
- 2021
15. Les aires protégées : un atout majeur pour la lutte contre les changements climatiques
- Author
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Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic, Kamgang, Serge Alexis, Mokpidie, Damas, Doumenge, Charles, Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic, Kamgang, Serge Alexis, Mokpidie, Damas, and Doumenge, Charles
- Published
- 2021
16. Industries extractives et aires protégées en Afrique centrale : pour le meilleur et pour le pire ?
- Author
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Tchoumba, Georges Belmond, Tibaldeschi, Paolo, Izquierdo, Pablo, Nsom Zamo, Annie-Claude, Bigombe Logo, Patrice, Doumenge, Charles, Tchoumba, Georges Belmond, Tibaldeschi, Paolo, Izquierdo, Pablo, Nsom Zamo, Annie-Claude, Bigombe Logo, Patrice, and Doumenge, Charles
- Published
- 2021
17. Aires protégées d'Afrique centrale. État 2020
- Author
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Doumenge, Charles, Palla, Florence, Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic, Doumenge, Charles, Palla, Florence, and Itsoua Madzous, Gervais Ludovic
- Published
- 2021
18. Desafios do funcionamento de conselhos deliberativos em reservas extrativistas marinhas na região bragantina do estado do Pará
- Author
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De Sousa do Espirito Santo, Ivanilde, Piraux, Marc, De Sousa do Espirito Santo, Ivanilde, and Piraux, Marc
- Abstract
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e comparar o funcionamento dos conselhos deliberativos das Reservas Extrativistas (RESEX) marinhas Caeté-Taperaçu e Araí-Peroba, a partir de alguns critérios da governança territorial. O estudo foi realizado nas RESEX Marinhas Caeté-Taperaçu (município de Bragança) e na Araí-Peroba (município de Augusto Corrêa), criadas em 2005, na região nordeste do estado do Pará. O trabalho foi elaborado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados se deu através de dados secundários, questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Observou-se que, apesar das dificuldades, o conselho deliberativo da RESEX marinha Caeté-Taperaçu está funcionando, embora com uma gestão centralizada e ineficiente. Já o conselho deliberativo da RESEX marinha Araí-Peroba encontra-se inativo desde 2014. Os motivos foram: a falta de uma gestão descentralizada, o difícil acesso a RESEX, entendimento do significado de uma RESEX, forte assistencialismo e a política partidária. Conclui-se que, apesar da governança territorial ser uma inovação social para a gestão dos territórios de RESEX marinhas, nos conselhos deliberativos Caeté-Taperaçu e Araí-Peroba falta uma governança, visto que, identificou-se arranjos institucionais enfraquecidos e participações não efetivas das comunidades extrativistas no processo de decisão.
- Published
- 2021
19. Landholders' perceptions on legal reserves and agricultural intensification: Diversity and implications for forest conservation in the eastern Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Pinillos Cifuentes, Daniel Alfredo, Poccard-Chapuis, René, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Corbeels, Marc, Timler, Carl J., Tittonell, Pablo, Ballester, Maria Victoria, Schulte, Rogier P.O., Pinillos Cifuentes, Daniel Alfredo, Poccard-Chapuis, René, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Corbeels, Marc, Timler, Carl J., Tittonell, Pablo, Ballester, Maria Victoria, and Schulte, Rogier P.O.
- Abstract
Forest conservation on privately owned lands is a cornerstone of the Brazilian environmental policy framework. Brazilian legislation requires that all farms in the country maintain and protect forest areas known as Legal Reserves. Since Legal Reserves have major implications for forest conservation and agricultural production, it is key that we understand landholders' perceptions towards Legal Reserves. We applied Q methodology to identify different perspectives of medium and large landholders on Legal Reserves and their relation to agricultural intensification in the municipality of Paragominas, eastern Amazon. We conducted 31 interviews in which landholders sorted 36 statements in a quasi-normal distribution array. Three groups of landholders were identified: 1) Land use planning enthusiasts (n = 16) were interested in zoning initiatives to explore alternative landscape designs and legislation that may deliver better conservation and production outcomes; 2) Agrochemical-based agriculture supporters (n = 7) held the most critical views against Legal Reserves and perceived their costs as higher than the potential environmental and life quality benefits; 3) Policy complacent-market responders (n = 4) showed no interest in Legal Reserves reforms and were the most market driven group.. While Paragominas has achieved notable successes in halting large-scale deforestation through a social “Green Municipality” pact, addressing persisting forest degradation and fragmentation in the region remains a key priority. Local governance initiatives that account for multi-stakeholder perceptions on forest conservation can foster dialogue and mutual understanding to effectively conserve and restore Legal Reserves. Insights on large landholders' perceptions on Legal Reserves can inform such governance processes to reconcile forest conservation and sustainable agricultural intensification in Paragominas.
- Published
- 2021
20. Landholders' perceptions on legal reserves and agricultural intensification
- Author
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Rogier P.O. Schulte, René Poccard-Chapuis, Marc Corbeels, Felix J.J.A. Bianchi, Maria Victoria Maria, Daniel Pinillos, Carl J. Timler, Pablo Tittonell, and Tittonell group
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Amazonas (Brasil) ,Natural resource economics ,SAO-FELIX ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,NEEDS ,Reservas Forestales ,conservation des forêts ,Réserve naturelle ,FRONTIER ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Politique de l'environnement ,Réserve forestière ,Forest protection ,Legal Reserve ,Forest Reserves ,Corporate governance ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Forestry ,Propriétaire foncier ,Amazonas (Brazil) ,Brazilian Amazon ,PE&RC ,LAND CONFLICT ,STATE ,E11 - Économie et politique foncières ,Biodiversity Conservation ,Forest conservation ,Economics and Econometrics ,Conservación de la Diversidad Biológica ,Legislation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Farmer perceptions ,Deforestation ,SYSTEMS ,Agricultural productivity ,K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Protección Forestal ,Intensification ,business.industry ,Agricultural intensification ,Land-use planning ,Farm Systems Ecology Group ,Déboisement ,Q methodology ,Agriculture ,dégradation des forêts ,BIODIVERSITY ,Business ,DEFORESTATION ,Zoning - Abstract
Forest conservation on privately owned lands is a cornerstone of the Brazilian environmental policy framework. Brazilian legislation requires that all farms in the country maintain and protect forest areas known as Legal Reserves. Since Legal Reserves have major implications for forest conservation and agricultural production, it is key that we understand landholders’ perceptions towards Legal Reserves. We applied Q methodology to identify different perspectives of medium and large landholders on Legal Reserves and their relation to agricultural intensification in the municipality of Paragominas, eastern Amazon. We conducted 31 interviews in which landholders sorted 36 statements in a quasi-normal distribution array. Three groups of landholders were identified: 1) Land use planning enthusiasts (n = 16) were interested in zoning initiatives to explore alternative landscape designs and legislation that may deliver better conservation and production outcomes; 2) Agrochemical-based agriculture supporters (n = 7) held the most critical views against Legal Reserves and perceived their costs as higher than the potential environmental and life quality benefits; 3) Policy complacentmarket responders (n = 4) showed no interest in Legal Reserves reforms and were the most market driven group.. While Paragominas has achieved notable successes in halting large-scale deforestation through a social “Green Municipality” pact, addressing persisting forest degradation and fragmentation in the region remains a key priority. Local governance initiatives that account for multi-stakeholder perceptions on forest conservation can foster dialogue and mutual understanding to effectively conserve and restore Legal Reserves. Insights on large landholders’ perceptions on Legal Reserves can inform such governance processes to reconcile forest conservation and sustainable agricultural intensification in Paragominas. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Pinillos, Daniel. Wageningen University & Research. Farming Systems Ecology; Holanda Fil: Poccard Chapuis, René. University of Montpellier. Agroecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops; Francia Fil: Bianchi, Felix J.J.A. Wageningen University & Research. Farming Systems Ecology; Holanda Fil: Corbeels, Marc. University of Montpellier. Agroecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops; Francia Fil: Timler, Carl A. Wageningen University & Research. Farming Systems Ecology; Holanda Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Ramos Ballester, Maria Victoria. Universidad de Sao Paulo. Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; Brasil Fil: Schulte, Rogier P. Wageningen University & Research. Farming Systems Ecology; Holanda
- Published
- 2021
21. La création du parc naturel marin de Martinique : entre concertation et fragmentation
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Hubert Mazurek, Louis Arreghini, Debra Pereira, Justin Daniel, Caroline Cochet, Jean-Raphaël Gros-Désormeaux, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire caribéen de sciences sociales (LC2S), Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
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PROJET DE DEVELOPPEMENT ,aire marine protégée ,050402 sociology ,martinique ,PECHEUR ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,0504 sociology ,PARTICIPATION POPULAIRE ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,LITTORAL ,14. Life underwater ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,VIE ASSOCIATIVE ,lcsh:Science ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,AIRE MARINE PROTEGEE ,PROTECTION DE L'ECOSYSTEME ,GESTION PARTICIPATIVE ,gouvernance ,05 social sciences ,association ,General Social Sciences ,MILIEU INSULAIRE ,environnement ,lcsh:H ,MILIEU MARIN ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,pêche ,lcsh:Q ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Le processus de concertation puis de création du parc naturel marin de Martinique a fait l’objet d’une analyse à partir de la participation de deux classes d’acteurs : les pêcheurs et les mouvements associatifs. Alors que l’objectif même du parc est de construire un consensus sur la nécessité de la conservation du milieu marin et d’y associer des outils de gestion concertée, la concertation a de fait fragmenté ces groupes d’acteurs. Le point de vue du législatif et du politique conforte cette analyse. Il montre les limites de ces approches et la nécessité d’une intégration plus efficace des secteurs sociaux et productifs pour la construction d’un projet territorial. La fragmentation des acteurs accroît de fait la vulnérabilité de la gouvernance de ces zones marines et littorales, à l’encontre des objectifs de protection et de conservation.
- Published
- 2019
22. Contribution citoyenne au suivi de la flore d'un parc national français, un exemple remarquable à l'échelle du Parc national des Cévennes
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Bonnet, Pierre, Goeau, Hervé, Hopkins, Frantz, Vela, Errol, Sahl, Amandine, Affouard, Antoine, Lombardo, Jean-Christophe, Champ, Julien, Gresse, Hugo, Joly, Alexis, Bonnet, Pierre, Goeau, Hervé, Hopkins, Frantz, Vela, Errol, Sahl, Amandine, Affouard, Antoine, Lombardo, Jean-Christophe, Champ, Julien, Gresse, Hugo, and Joly, Alexis
- Abstract
La diversité des habitats du Parc national des Cévennes héberge une flore riche, composée de plus de 2400 espèces (angiospermes, gymnospermes et fougères). Une bonne connaissance de cette flore est essentielle pour le développement de stratégies de gestion adaptées. Les ressources humaines étant cependant limitées, l'appui des résidents et visiteurs, peut contribuer à multiplier les capacités de recensement de cette biodiversité. L'identification rapide et correcte d'un grand nombre d'espèces végétales étant difficile par des non-spécialistes de cette flore, le Parc national des Cévennes s'est investi dans le développement d'une nouvelle méthode basée sur des approches visuelles automatiques pour accroître la participation des citoyens. Nous rapportons ici cette expérience, s'appuyant sur la plateforme scientifique citoyenne Pl@ntNet. Cette étude souligne à la fois l'intérêt de la société civile pour cette approche, évalue les résultats qu'elle apporte, et pose les bases pour faciliter son déploiement dans d'autres réserves naturelles et parcs français.
- Published
- 2020
23. Estimation of red deer population and impact on Tugay ecosystem in Lower Amu Darya State Biosphere Reserve, Uzbekistan
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Cornélis, Daniel, Kan, Elena, Gond, Valéry, Cesaro, Jean-Daniel, Peltier, Régis, Cornélis, Daniel, Kan, Elena, Gond, Valéry, Cesaro, Jean-Daniel, and Peltier, Régis
- Abstract
In 2011, the Government of Uzbekistan established the Lower Amu Darya State Biosphere Reserve (LABR). This reserve aims to conserve the Tugay, an endangered riparian forest ecosystem straddling the main rivers of Central Asia's drylands, which is under extreme anthropogenic pressure. The LABR has reintroduced Bukhara red deer (Cervus hanglu bactrianus), a subspecies endemic to Asia whose numbers declined severely over the 20th century. The LABR development project aims to provide operational support to the Uzbek authorities for their application to join the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. GIZ (German Society for International Cooperation) requested CIRAD to provide a science-based estimate of the deer population in the LABR, using an internationally recognized method, and to issue recommendations to ensure ecologically and socio-economically sustainable management. The survey of the Bukhara red deer population began in October 2019. The study area covered 88 km2. The survey design consisted of 12 parallel straight lines 1400 m apart; the total transect length was 65 km. During the count, 127 observations of individuals or herds were made and a total of 336 individuals were observed. The data were analysed using DISTANCE 7.3 software. The encounter rates were 1.95 obs./km and 5.17 animals/km. The estimated density was 24 deer/km2 and the estimated total population was 2,112 deer [1,320 - 3,344, 95% CI]. The proportion of dead, dying or severely affected trees was roughly estimated at 10%, and the proportion of trees affected but with a good chance of survival at 15%. In the southern core area of the LABR, a very high proportion of seedlings and suckers was being eaten and the forest is no longer regenerating. Maintaining a population of 24 deer/km2 in the southern core area of LABR clearly seems incompatible with either the conservation of the Tugay forest ecosystem or the peaceful coexistence of deer with human populations adjacent to the LABR. Options to mitig
- Published
- 2020
24. Valorisation touristique et enjeux territoriaux : l’exemple de la réserve naturelle des Ramières et du Val de Drôme
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Biot, Vincent
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territoire ,Public Administration ,économie ,politique culturelle, protection ,JPP ,patrimoine culturel ,patrimoine ,réserve naturelle ,Val de Drôme ,tourisme durable ,tourisme ,POL017000 - Abstract
Le tourisme n’apporte pas toujours les réponses ou les solutions aux questions et difficultés rencontrées dans les politiques de développement territorial. Les causes peuvent être diverses : absence de concertation entre les acteurs, d’approche prospective, une valorisation touristique parfois en décalage avec le territoire, autant de points qui ne peuvent plus être aujourd’hui éludés. Ainsi le développement touristique doit, autant que possible, s’appuyer sur une (re)construction territorial...
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- 2021
25. Réserve Naturelle du Val de Loire. Etude Bryologique 2020
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Bardet, Olivier, Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien (CBNBP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and CBNBP - MNHN, Délégation Bourgogne, Maison du PNR du Morvan - 58230 Saint-Brisson, France
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ripisylve ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Loire ,suivis scientifiques ,Bryophytes ,réserve naturelle ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,pelouses sableuses ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy - Abstract
Dans le cadre du plan de gestion de la Réserve Naturelle Val-de-Loire, le gestionnaire a planifié dans les activités 2020 une action d'inventaire bryologique pour laquelle le CBNBP a été sollicité. Le CBN est intervenu plus précisément pour un diagnostic bryologique de l'ensemble de la RN en vue d'établir une première liste de ce groupe taxonomique pour la Réserve ; de détecter des taxons rares et/ou patrimoniaux ; d'évaluer les enjeux propres à ce groupe taxonomique et d'identifier les éléments à prendre en compte dans le cadre du plan de gestion. Pratiquement tous les grands types de milieux de la RN ont été inventoriés avec une attention plus particulière pour els forêts alluviales et les pelouses.
- Published
- 2020
26. A serological survey of Bacillus anthracis reveals widespread exposure to the pathogen in free-range and captive lions in Zimbabwe
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Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Gift Matope, Andrew J. Loveridge, Davies M. Pfukenyi, Okechukwu C. Ndumnego, Norman L. Mukarati, Alexandre Caron, Sunday O. Ochai, Henriette van Heerden, Solomon Jauro, Tapiwanashe Hanyire, University of Zimbabwe (UZ), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Moredun Research Institute [Penicuik, UK] (MRI), University of Oxford [Oxford], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eduardo Mondlane University, Kasetsart University - KU (THAILAND), Kasetsart University (KU), Ministere Francais des Affaires Etrangeres, Grant/Award Number: MinistereFSP-RenCaRe project (FSP no2011/36)., University of Zimbabwe Research Board, Grant/Award Number: RB40/2015, and University of Zimbabwe
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Veterinary medicine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Neutralization ,Serology ,0403 veterinary science ,Réserve naturelle ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Epidemiology ,anthrax protective antibody-antigen ,Prevalence ,toxin neutralization assay (TNA) ,anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Bacillus anthracis ,Test ELISA ,Lion ,Livestock ,Immunodiagnostic ,Antibody ,Lions ,Zimbabwe ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Animals, Wild ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Anthrax ,Technique immunoenzymatique ,03 medical and health sciences ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,captive game parks ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,fungi ,Outbreak ,Animal sauvage ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,ELISA immunoassay ,African lions (Panthera leo) ,Enquête pathologique ,Immunoassay ,biology.protein ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Animals, Zoo ,animal sauvage captif ,protected areas ,Panthera ,business - Abstract
International audience; Numerous unknown factors influence anthrax epidemiology in multi-host systems, especially at wildlife/livestock/human interfaces. Serology tests for anti-anthrax antibodies in carnivores are useful tools in identifying the presence or absence ofBacillus anthracisin a range. These were employed to ascertain whether the disease pattern followed the recognized high- and low-risk anthrax zonation in Zimbabwe and also to establish whether anthrax was absent from Hwange National Park in which there have been no reported outbreaks. African lions (Panthera leo)(n = 114) drawn from free-range protected areas and captive game parks located in recognized high- and low-risk zones across Zimbabwe were tested for antibodies to anthrax PA antigen using the ELISA immunoassay. A random selection of 27 lion sera samples comprising 17 seropositive and 10 seronegative sera was further tested in the species-independent toxin neutralization assay (TNA) in order to validate the former as a surveillance tool for anthrax in African lions. Using the ELISA-PA immunoassay, 21.9% (25/114) of the lions tested positive for antibodies to anthrax. Seropositivity was recorded in all study areas, and there was no significant difference (p = .852) in seropositivity between lions in high- and low-risk anthrax zones. Also, there was no significant difference (McNemar's chi-square test = 0.9,p = .343) in the proportion of lions testing positive to anti-PA anthrax antibodies on ELISA-PA immunoassay compared with the TNA, with fair agreement between the two tests [kappa (K) statistic = 0.30; 0.08 < K
- Published
- 2020
27. Parc naturel de la mer de Corail : rôle des experts dans l'élaboration de la réglementation sur les réserves et le tourisme
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Borsa, Philippe, Lauvray, Joël, Lhermitte, Laurent, Écosystémique des communautés récifales et de leurs usages dans le Pacifique insulaire (CoReUS), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Action Biosphère, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD)
- Subjects
CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE ,EXPERTISE ,conflict of interest ,competence ,conflit d'intérêts ,Ponant ,Nouvelle-Calédonie ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,TOURISME ,REGLEMENTATION ,SCO ,New Caledonia ,CONFLIT D'INTERET ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,oiseaux marins ,compétence ,OISEAU MARIN ,seabirds - Abstract
The present work concerns the precise role played by experts in the preparation of controversial decrees regarding tourism and the reserves of the Coral Sea Natural Park, where some islets particularly rich in breeding seabirds were not granted the level of effective protection they deserved in view of the park's conservation objectives. The interventions of experts during management committees of the Park in the first five years of its existence (2014-2019) were examined. The intervening experts generally had competences recognized by the scientific community though not the most influent of them. Of the 14 experts chosen by the management committee only three had no potential conflicts of interest. In general, the interventions of the experts lacked supporting information, precise figures, and references to existing scientific work. Although the protection of species and habitats was the subject of part of the interventions of the experts, the present analysis revealed another major concern: that of maintaining remote islets accessible to yachtsmen and cruiseship passengers.; Le présent travail concerne le rôle précis joué par les experts dans l'élaboration d'arrêtés controversés sur le tourisme et les réserves du parc naturel de la mer de Corail, où certains îlots particulièrement riches en oiseaux marins n'ont pas bénéficié du niveau de protection effective qu'ils méritaient au vu des objectifs du parc. Les interventions d'experts lors des ateliers de gestion du parc durant les cinq premières années de son existence (2014-2019) ont été examinées. Les experts possédaient pour la plupart des compétences reconnues par la communauté scientifique, mais pas le plus influent d'entre eux. Seulement trois des 14 experts sollicités par le comité de gestion du parc n'avaient pas de lien de dépendance ou de collaboration connu avec les services du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ou avec des membres du comité de gestion. De façon générale, les interventions des experts manquaient de données factuelles, de précisions chiffrées et de références aux travaux scientifiques existants. Bien que la protection des espèces et des habitats ait été le sujet d'une partie des interventions des experts, la présente analyse révèle une tout autre préoccupation : celle de ménager des îlots éloignés accessibles aux plaisanciers et aux croisiéristes.
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- 2020
28. The policyscape of agroforestry within Mediterranean protected landscapes in France
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Therville, Clara, Antona, Martine, De Foresta, Hubert, Therville, Clara, Antona, Martine, and De Foresta, Hubert
- Abstract
Agroforestry systems (AFS), presented by their supporters as systems able to reconcile multiple social and ecological functions, are potentially interesting for a diversity of sectoral policies such as forestry, environment or water policies. They are presently in a process of being institutionalized in Europe through the development of specific policy instruments. In this context, we investigated the policyscape of agroforestry, meaning the articulation between multiple policies impacting a diversity of AFS in two Mediterranean protected landscapes: the Ventoux biosphere reserve and the Verdon regional nature park. We conducted in depth interviews with 50 practitioners and institutional representatives from diverse policies directly concerned by AFS. We found that if some AFS such as silvopastures are highly intersectoral and concerned by a large diversity of instruments, others such as alley-cropping systems are confined in the agricultural sector (Figure 1). Presently, systems such as grazed pastures are largely ignored by policies. Our results indicated that instruments specific to agroforestry represent a minority in relation to the diversity of sectoral instruments impacting AFS at a landscape scale. Regarding this agroforestry policyscape, we discuss opportunities for agroforestry development with issues of policies coordination, lack of instruments or of involvment from environmental or land-use planning policies for certain types of AFS.
- Published
- 2019
29. Hunting in times of change: Uncovering indigenous strategies in the Colombian amazon using a role-playing game
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Ponta, Nicole, Cornioley, Tina, Dray, Anne, Van Vliet, Nathalie, Waeber, Patrick O., Garcia, Claude, Ponta, Nicole, Cornioley, Tina, Dray, Anne, Van Vliet, Nathalie, Waeber, Patrick O., and Garcia, Claude
- Abstract
Despite growing industrialization, the shift to a cash economy and natural resource overexploitation, indigenous people of the Amazon region hunt and trade wildlife in order to meet their livelihood requirements. Individual strategies, shaped by the hunters' values and expectations, are changing in response to the region's economic development, but they still face the contrasting challenges of poverty and overhunting. For conservation initiatives to be implemented effectively, it is crucial to take into account people's strategies with their underlying drivers and their adaptive capabilities within a transforming socio-economic environment. To uncover hunting strategies in the Colombian Amazon and their evolution under the current transition, we co-designed a role-playing game together with the local stakeholders. The game revolves around the tension between ecological sustainability and food security—hunters' current main concern. It simulates the mosaic of activities that indigenous people perform in the wet and dry season, while also allowing for specific hunting strategies. Socio-economic conditions change while the game unfolds, opening up to emerging alternative potential scenarios suggested by the stakeholders themselves. Do hunters give up hunting when given the opportunity of an alternative income and protein source? Do institutional changes affect their livelihoods? We played the game between October and December 2016 with 39 players—all of them hunters—from 9 different communities within the Ticoya reserve. Our results show that providing alternatives would decrease overall hunting effort, but impacts are not spatially homogenous. Legalizing trade could lead to overhunting except when market rules and competition come into place. When it comes to coupled human-nature systems, the best way forward to produce socially just and resilient conservation strategies might be to trigger an adaptive process of experiential learning and scenario exploration. The use
- Published
- 2019
30. Effet d'une taxe et d'un droit d'entrée sur les consentements à payer des touristes pour de nouvelles réserves naturelles dans le golfe du Morbihan.
- Author
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Voltaire, Louinord, Nassiri, Abdelhak, Bailly, Denis, and Boncœur, Jean
- Subjects
CONTINGENT valuation ,TAXATION ,TOURISTS ,WILLINGNESS to pay - Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement is the property of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. La Reserve naturelle nationale du Platier d'Oye: analyse de vingt ans de conflits (1987-2007).
- Author
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Delsaut, Michel and Meur-Férec, Catherine
- Subjects
- *
NATURE conservation , *NATURE reserves , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *HUNTING & the environment - Abstract
The National Nature Reserve of Platier d'Oye was established 20 years ago. It offers an outstanding diversity of littoral habitats and is a residual natural site on the heavily industrialized and urbanized coast of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (northern France). The wide variety of stakeholders with divergent interests generates numerous situations of competition and conflict which tend to overshadow the naturalist objectives of the reserve. The absence of any real arbitration to establish priorities brings to the foreground two major problem areas: 1) the management of coastal erosion, for which the objectives of the reserve and the interests of the local residents follow two opposing sets of logics and, 2) illegal hunting, perceived as a customary right due to long-standing acceptance of this practice. Within this heavily invested territory a system of governance based on the "win-win" principle may promote the illusion that conflicts can be resolved without adopting genuinely sustainable choices considering the "Nature value" of this shared heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Sous les tortues, la plage?: Protection de la nature et production des territoires en Guyane.
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Collomb, Gérard
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,SEA turtles ,NATURE reserves ,CONSERVATIONISTS ,INDIGENOUS peoples of the Americas ,POACHERS ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents information about the Amana nature reserve in French Guiana, which was established for the protection of marine turtles that nest on beaches. It is noted that the eggs of these sea turtles are in danger of being taken by Amerindian poachers. Comments are given concerning the tensions between Amerindians claiming their ancestral right to collect the eggs and conservationists seeking to protect the nature reserve.
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. DEGRADATION DES RESSOURCES VEGETALES AU CONTACT DES ACTIVITES HUMAINES ET PERSPECTIVES DE CONSERVATION DANS LE MASSIF DE L'AÏR (SAHARA, NIGER).
- Author
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Anthelme, Fabien, Mato, Maman Waziri, De Boissieu, Dimitri, and Giazzi, Franck
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY ,IRRIGATION ,PROSOPIS juliflora ,DROUGHTS ,ARID regions - Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
34. Est-il pertinent d’associer des nouveaux PNR aux réserves naturelles russes ?
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Touchart, Laurent, de la Forest d’Armaillé, Emmanuel, Bartout, Pascal, and Emel’janov, Aleksej
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regional nature park ,zapovednik ,forest steppe ,steppe boisée ,parc naturel régional ,réserve naturelle ,Tambov ,nature reserve ,paysage ,landscape - Abstract
La conception prédominante des aires protégées russes est la protection intégrale, sous le statut de réserve (zapovednik). Mais l’évolution en cours réside dans la prise en compte des activités humaines. Le projet de création de parc naturel régional de Zlatye Zory à partir du noyau existant de la réserve de la Vorona s’inscrit dans ce cadre dynamique. C’est la vallée moyenne de cette rivière du bassin du Don qui est mise en valeur à sa traversée de l’écotone de steppe boisée dans la région de Tambov. Une méthodologie d’échanges croisés franco-russes a été mise en place entre la Brenne et Zlatye Zory, afin d’enrichir les regards et les propositions. Une première délimitation du futur PNR a été réalisée, ainsi qu’un zonage prenant en compte des degrés de protection : le zapovednik existant et ses interdictions garantissant la préservation des espèces rares, une zone externe autorisation les activités, une zone-façade pour la vente des produits locaux et les structures d’accueil des touristes. Trois grandes propositions sont faites : utiliser l’image déjà bien établie du miel de Tambov pour valoriser la production locale des ruches d’Inžavino ; mettre en pratique le concept russe de pejzaž en plus de celui de landšaft, en associant les panoramas et l’émotion des visiteurs découvrant les artistes qui ont été inspirés par la Vorona ; mettre en avant l’intérêt culturel du passage ici même de la maison traditionnelle en bois des régions forestières à la maison en torchis des grandes étendues steppiques. The predominant conception of Russian protected areas is integral protection, under the legal status of nature reserve (zapovednik). But current developments consider the importance of human activities too. The project to create the Zlatye Zory regional park from the existing core of the natural reserve of the Vorona falls within this dynamic context. We highlight the middle valley of the river Vorona where it crosses the forest steppe ecotone in the Tambov region of the Don hydrographic basin. The methodology is based on reciprocal Franco-Russian exchanges between Brenne and Zlatye Zory, in order to enhance approaches and points of view and to broaden suggestions. A first delineation of the expected park has been done as well as a zoning plan which takies into account the degrees of protection. The existing zapovednik with its prohibitions will ensure the conservation of rare species; an outer zone will authorize activities, an interface zone will be used for the sale of local products and for accommodation facilities for tourists. Three major proposals are made : use the well established image of Tambov honey to enhance local production of Inzhavino beehives; put into practice the concept of Russian peizazh in addition to that of landscape, involving panoramas and the emotion of visitors when discovering the artists who were inspired by Vorona; highlight the cultural interest of the transition between the traditional wood house of forest regions and the mud house of the open steppe spaces.
- Published
- 2019
35. Côte d’Ivoire : les aires protégées entre politique de conservation contrastée et réinterprétation sociale
- Author
-
Walter Kouamé Kra
- Subjects
lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,forêt classée ,classified forest ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,national park ,Cote d ivoire ,nature reserve ,cocoa culture ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,cacao culture ,Political science ,protected area ,réserve naturelle ,Humanities ,aire protégée ,parc national - Abstract
La dégradation des aires protégées en Côte d’Ivoire est analysée dans ce papier sous l’angle des logiques d’intérêts contradictoires des parties prenantes à leur exploitation. Dans une démarche qualitative ayant privilégié la théorisation ancrée et des entrevues individuelles approfondies complétées par des données secondaires, l’article met en relief les contradictions de la politique de gestion des aires protégées. Ces contradictions sont opportunément réinterprétées par les occupants illégaux comme une prime tacite à la colonisation de ces milieux naturels pour la culture du cacao dont la Côte d’Ivoire reste le premier producteur mondial. Elles mettent ainsi en relief toute la socialité du désastre écologique en cours dans le pays, dépassant la thèse qui attribue, dans la littérature, les causes de cette dégradation essentiellement à l’urbanisation et à la pression anthropique d’ordre existentiel. The degradation of protected areas in Ivory Coast is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of the conflicting interests of stakeholders. In a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory, individual interviews and secondary data, the article shows the contradictions of protected areas management policy. These contradictions are opportunely reinterpreted by the illegal occupiers as a tacit premium for growing cocoa of which Côte d’Ivoire remains the first world producer. They thus highlight the whole sociality of the ecological disaster underway in the country, going beyond the thesis which attributes, in the literature, the causes of this degradation, essentially to urbanization and to existential anthropogenic pressure.
- Published
- 2019
36. Frontières infra-étatiques, transgressions et légitimation territoriale au Bunyoro, Ouganda
- Author
-
Médard, Claire, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Multi-disciplinary Partner Team on Mobility and Access to Ressources in Lake Albert (M-PRAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Hoffmann, Odile (dir.), and Schlemmer, Grégoire (dir.)
- Subjects
INTERVENTION DE L'ETAT ,AUTOCHTONE ,PETROLE ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,CONFLIT FONCIER ,EXCLUSION TERRITORIALE ,ROYAUTE ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,IDENTITE CULTURELLE ,ETHNIE ,TERRITOIRE ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
L’Etat ougandais se déploie avec une nouvelle vigueur au Bunyoro depuis la confirmation d’un gisement pétrolier en 2005. Nous nous intéressons ici à la matérialisation de frontières infra-étatiques qui renvoie au contrôle territorial et également à des formes d’autochtonie, liant terre et territoire et hiérarchisant la légitimité des présences. Longtemps considérés comme voués à disparaître dans le cadre d’un État-nation, royaumes et districts "ethniques" sont réinventés dans un cadre administratif après l’indépendance. A partir d’une étude locale, portant sur le territoire en bordure du lac Albert, différentes logiques d‘exclusion/inclusion territoriales, de production de légalités et/ou de leur "transgression" sont explorées. Ces logiques déclinent des enjeux complexes et imbriqués entre protection environnementale, extraction pétrolière, privatisation foncière et autochtonie. Les transgressions des normes légales observées le long de la frontière d’une réserve naturelle sont plus particulièrement analysées, mettant en lumière le référent multi-scalaire des rapports de pouvoir et leur articulation à des constructions, mobilisations et catégorisations ethniques. Il permet également de saisir la variété des acteurs étatiques, le rôle d’acteurs extérieurs et les tensions entre institutionnalisation et personnalisation du pouvoir, public et privé, qui donnent forme à ces frontières. Enfin, au-delà de la temporalité dans la formulation des différents enjeux autour du contrôle de l’accès à des ressources, il souligne "le sacrifice de la nature", la marginalisation politique et économique des questions environnementales.
- Published
- 2019
37. Le sol comme support de partage de connaissances auprès des habitants du territoire guyanais
- Author
-
Garrigou, P., Devillechabrolle, J., Brossard, Michel, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), and HORIZON, IRD
- Subjects
VULGARISATION ,SOL ,EXPERIENCE PEDAGOGIQUE ,GUYANE FRANCAISE ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
En 2017-2018, en Guyane française, la réserve naturelle des Nouragues a collaboré avec l'équipe du projet LongTIme (Labex CEBA) pour favoriser le partage des recherches en cours auprès des habitants du territoire. Suivi de missions, échanges avec les chercheurs, organisation de rencontres, création d'outils pédagogiques et réalisation d'un documentaire ont permis la diffusion des avancées du projet pluridisciplinaire auprès de la population locale. Nous montrons comment nous avons organisé notre approche en utilisant le sol pour le partage de connaissances.
- Published
- 2019
38. Impact du feu sur la démographie des Graminées de savane (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire)
- Author
-
Koffi, K.F.
- Subjects
GRAMINEE VIVRIERE ,STRATE HERBACEE ,PHYTOECOLOGIE ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHIE ,FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'ECOSYSTEME ,STRATE LIGNEUSE ,SAVANE ,DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,FEU DE BROUSSE - Published
- 2019
39. African Buffalo Movement and Zoonotic Disease Risk across Transfrontier Conservation Areas, Southern Africa
- Author
-
Chris Foggin, Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Markus Hofmeyr, Alexandre Caron, and Daniel Cornélis
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Zoonotic disease ,0403 veterinary science ,Interactions biologiques ,Human health ,South Africa ,African Buffalo Movement and Zoonotic Disease Risk across Transfrontier Conservation Areas, Southern Africa ,Réserve naturelle ,Analyse du risque ,Brucellose ,Rift Valley fever ,bovine tuberculosis ,Socioeconomics ,Geography ,Dispatch ,Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Femelle ,Animal domestique ,Épidémiologie ,Infectious Diseases ,Maladie des animaux ,brucellosis ,Female ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Risk ,Zimbabwe ,Microbiology (medical) ,Buffle africain ,zoonose ,Buffaloes ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Bunyaviridae ,Wildlife ,Africa, Southern ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Fièvre ,03 medical and health sciences ,télémétrie ,parasitic diseases ,Bovine tuberculosis ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Tuberculose ,viruses ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Transmission des maladies ,African buffalo ,Bovin ,lcsh:R ,Migration animale ,Brucellosis ,Transfrontier Conservation Areas ,Animal sauvage ,Morbidité ,medicine.disease ,tuberculosis and other mycobacteria ,zoonoses ,030104 developmental biology ,Africa ,Animal Migration ,Cattle ,Écologie animale ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche - Abstract
We report on the long-distance movements of subadult female buffalo within a Transfrontier Conservation Area in Africa. Our observations confirm that bovine tuberculosis and other diseases can spread between buffalo populations across national parks, community land, and countries, thus posing a risk to animal and human health in surrounding wildlife areas.
- Published
- 2016
40. Nuestro vivir en la Amazonia ecuatoriana : entre la finca y el petroleo = Vivre en Amazonie équatorienne : entre pétrole et terres agricoles
- Author
-
Dangles, Olivier, Becerra, S. (coord.), Maurice, Laurence (coord.), and Desprats-Bologna, S. (coord.)
- Subjects
FORET ,BIODIVERSITE ,CANOPEE ,DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,FAUNE ,FLORE - Published
- 2018
41. Evaluation des services écosystémiques du Banc d'Arguin, Mauritanie : rapport final
- Author
-
Trégarot, E., Catry, Thibault, Cornet, C., Pottier, Auréa, Maréchal, J.P., Failler, P., Trégarot, E., Catry, Thibault, Pottier, Auréa, Cornet, C., Maréchal, J.P., Fayad, V., Sidi Cheick, M.A., David, Gilbert, and et al.
- Subjects
PROTECTION DE L'ECOSYSTEME ,HERBIER ,RESSOURCES HALIEUTIQUES ,EVALUATION ,SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE ,LITTORAL ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,PECHE ARTISANALE ,JUVENILE ,AIRE MARIME PROTEGEE - Published
- 2018
42. Evaluation des services écosystémiques du Banc d'Arguin, Mauritanie : rapport final
- Author
-
Pottier, Auréa, Catry, Thibault, Trégarot, E., Maréchal, J.P., Cornet, C., Fayad, V., Failler, P., Trégarot, E., Catry, Thibault, Pottier, Auréa, Cornet, C., Maréchal, J.P., Fayad, V., Sidi Cheick, M.A., David, Gilbert, and et al.
- Subjects
PROTECTION DE L'ECOSYSTEME ,HERBIER ,MILIEU MARIN ,IMAGE SATELLITE ,SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE ,TRAITEMENT D'IMAGE ,LITTORAL ,MILIEU CONTINENTAL ,CAPTEUR ,BIOCENOSE ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,AIRE MARIME PROTEGEE ,CARTOGRAPHIE - Published
- 2018
43. On the margins of soy farms: traditional populations and selective environmental policies in the Brazilian Cerrado
- Author
-
Ludivine Eloy, Catherine Aubertin, Fabiano Toni, Marion Bosgiraud, Silvia Laine Borges Lúcio, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (GRED), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), ISTOM, 'Visões contemporâneas do cerrado e intersecção de politicas sociais e ambientais' (RESBIO)/CNPQ, CNRS INSHS: soutien à la mobilité internationale, European Project: 266710,SSH,FP7-SSH-2010-3,ENGOV(2011), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
FORET ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,AGROPASTORALISME ,02 engineering and technology ,LUTTE CONRE LE FEU ,AIRE PROTEGEE ,Environmental policy ,DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL ,political ecology ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,SYSTEME D'INFORMATION GEOGRPAHIQUE ,Agroforestry ,05 social sciences ,Cerrado ,021107 urban & regional planning ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Ground level ,INDUSTRIE ,Geography ,050703 geography ,ECOLOGIE ,Cultural Studies ,0507 social and economic geography ,POLITIQUE AGRICOLE ,LEGISLATION ,Competition (economics) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,Deforestation ,fire policies ,GRANDE PROPRIETE ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,deforestation ,Production (economics) ,soybean ,AGRICULTURE TRADITIONNELLE ,PARC NATIONAL ,SOJA ,business.industry ,PETITE PROPRIETE ,15. Life on land ,Political ecology ,Agricultural frontier ,SOCIETE TRADITIONNELLE ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Anthropology ,DEFORESTATION ,business ,NORME ,environmental norms - Abstract
International audience; In the Cerrado, the expansion of soybean cultivation since the 1990s has coincided withthe strengthening of environmental regulations. We analyze how the two mainenvironmental policies – Protected Areas and the Forest Code – have played out at theground level in western Bahia state. These policies in Cerrado have not been designedto curb the expansion of this agricultural frontier. These norms have, on the contrary,accommodated this expansion because the way environmental managers selectivelychoose environmental problems and publicize them through specific informationsystems depreciates traditional fire-dependent production systems. These ‘politics ofselection’ are likely to increase competition for resources in the margins of soybeanagriculture, which is where traditional populations have now become confined.
- Published
- 2015
44. UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserves already deal with Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development
- Author
-
Bridgewater, Peter, Babin, Didier, Bridgewater, Peter, and Babin, Didier
- Published
- 2017
45. My cattle and your park: Codesigning a role-playing game with rural communities to promote multistakeholder dialogue at the edge of protected areas
- Author
-
Perrotton, Arthur, De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel, Valls Fox, Hugo, Le Page, Christophe, Perrotton, Arthur, De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel, Valls Fox, Hugo, and Le Page, Christophe
- Abstract
Protected areas are often burdened with conflicts between environmental managers and neighboring rural communities. Unsuccessful top-down approaches for conservation may be replaced by alternative forms of systemic management involving local actors in the design and implementation of conservation management. Although theoretically sound and appealing, the involvement of local residents in the management of protected areas is often impaired in practice by scale mismatches, conflicting values and interests, power imbalance, and a lack of trust among actors. In this paper, we describe a process initiated in Zimbabwe to create a fair and balanced locally designed arena where local communities and protected area managers may collaborate to produce effective management plans. Adopting the Companion Modeling approach, we conducted a participatory modeling experiment to codesign a role-playing game that simulates the interactions between farming activities, livestock herding practices, and wildlife in a virtual landscape reproducing local social–ecological dynamics. After 18 months of intensive ethnographical fieldwork to gain knowledge and legitimacy, we spent one year codesigning the first version of the game with a group of volunteer villagers. The game, called Kulayijana (teaching each other), was tested and validated by other members of the rural communities and subsequently presented to protected area managers. We show how this approach allowed the negotiation of uncertainties and their inclusion in a model that constitutes a shared representation of farmers' interactions with the protected area. We emphasize the fact that working with marginalized actors first increased participation, appropriation, and confidence of rural communities to engage in a multistakeholder debate, thus reducing power imbalance among actors. We conclude by discussing the next phase of our work: the necessary involvement of conservation actors in the Kulayijana team, and the implementation of
- Published
- 2017
46. UNESCO–MAB Biosphere Reserves already deal with ecosystem services and sustainable development
- Author
-
Peter Bridgewater and Didier Babin
- Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources ,F40 - Écologie végétale ,United Nations ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Biodiversity ,adaptation aux changements climatiques ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,Réserve naturelle ,Ecological security ,Humans ,Politique de l'environnement ,Letters ,China ,Environmental planning ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sustainable development ,Nature reserve ,Multidisciplinary ,Coopération internationale ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,espèce en danger ,Biosphere ,services écosystémiques ,Geography ,Développement durable ,Threatened species ,Zone protegée ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,L20 - Écologie animale ,Biodiversité ,business - Abstract
Xu et al. (1) make a most useful contribution to the debate on protected areas (PAs) in China and make a welcome focus on ecosystem services rather than threatened species. Nonetheless, their continued focus is on the establishment of PAs, rather than wider landscape-scale approaches, which are more suitable to the Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, they say, “First, there is no PA type particular to ecosystem services conservation and directly aimed at enhancing ecological security for human beings. Nature reserves are established primarily for biodiversity conservation, not for ecosystem services. Second, important areas for conservation of biodiversity and … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: peter.bridgewater{at}canberra.edu.au. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
- Published
- 2017
47. My cattle and your park: Codesigning a role-playing game with rural communities to promote multistakeholder dialogue at the edge of protected areas
- Author
-
Arthur Perrotton, Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky, Hugo Valls-Fox, and Christophe Le Page
- Subjects
Zimbabwe ,Bétail ,QH301-705.5 ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,Pâturage ,Méthode pédagogique ,Réserve naturelle ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Groupe éthnique ,Biology (General) ,QH540-549.5 ,Utilisation des terres ,Expérimentation ,participatory modeling ,Ecology ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,Sociologie rurale ,coexistence ,multistakeholder ,Impact sur l'environnement ,Communauté rurale ,Protection de l'environnement ,approches participatives ,Zone protegée ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,role-playing game - Abstract
Protected areas are often burdened with conflicts between environmental managers and neighboring rural communities. Unsuccessful top-down approaches for conservation may be replaced by alternative forms of systemic management involving local actors in the design and implementation of conservation management. Although theoretically sound and appealing, the involvement of local residents in the management of protected areas is often impaired in practice by scale mismatches, conflicting values and interests, power imbalance, and a lack of trust among actors. In this paper, we describe a process initiated in Zimbabwe to create a fair and balanced locally designed arena where local communities and protected area managers may collaborate to produce effective management plans. Adopting the Companion Modeling approach, we conducted a participatory modeling experiment to codesign a role-playing game that simulates the interactions between farming activities, livestock herding practices, and wildlife in a virtual landscape reproducing local social-ecological dynamics. After 18 months of intensive ethnographical fieldwork to gain knowledge and legitimacy, we spent one year codesigning the first version of the game with a group of volunteer villagers. The game, called Kulayijana (teaching each other), was tested and validated by other members of the rural communities and subsequently presented to protected area managers. We show how this approach allowed the negotiation of uncertainties and their inclusion in a model that constitutes a shared representation of farmers' interactions with the protected area. We emphasize the fact that working with marginalized actors first increased participation, appropriation, and confidence of rural communities to engage in a multistakeholder debate, thus reducing power imbalance among actors. We conclude by discussing the next phase of our work: the necessary involvement of conservation actors in the Kulayijana team, and the implementation of Kulayijana with higher hierarchical levels.
- Published
- 2017
48. Gestion, Naturalité et Biodiversité : présentation générale du projet de recherche et de son approche
- Author
-
Frédéric Gosselin, Yoan Paillet, Marion Gosselin, Durrieu, S., Laurent Larrieu, Anders Mårell, Boulanger, V., Debaive, N., Frédéric Archaux, Bouget, C., Gilg, O., Roquencourt, A., Drapier, N., Dauffy Richard, E., Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Réserves Naturelles de France, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
GESTION FORESTIERE ,FORET ,forest exploitation ,MODELE STATISTIQUE ,INDICATEUR DE BIODIVERSITE ,PEUPLEMENT FORESTIER ,RECHERCHE ,RESERVE BIOLOGIQUE ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,biological reserve ,biodiversity indicator ,biodiversity ,ANALYSE STATISTIQUE ,forests ,research ,BIODIVERSITE ,statistical model ,methodology ,STRATEGIE D'ECHANTILLONNAGE ,EXPLOITATION FORESTIERE ,nature reserves ,sampling strategy ,INVENTAIRE ,NATURALITE ,inventory ,forest stands ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,statistical methods ,naturalness ,METHODOLOGIE - Abstract
Pour saisir la portée et l'intérêt du projet GNB, il ne suffit pas de connaître ses objectifs, dûment fondés sur un bilan circonstancié de l'état des connaissances. Il faut aussi appréhender sa démarche « expérimentale », à commencer par la stratégie d'échantillonnage et d'inventaires ; il faut comprendre le choix de méthodes d'analyse statistique innovantes mais complexes, avec en particulier la notion de magnitude des effets pour que les résultats puissent avoir une « lecture » opérationnelle. Impossible de résumer en quelques mots la réflexion exigeante qui a présidé à la conception du projet.
- Published
- 2017
49. Projet GNB : synthèse des relations entre naturalité anthropique, naturalité biologique et biodiversité
- Author
-
Marion Gosselin, Bouget, C., Frédéric Archaux, Yoan Paillet, Boulanger, V., Debaive, N., Frédéric Gosselin, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Réserves Naturelles de France
- Subjects
GESTION FORESTIERE ,FORET ,anthropogenic disturbance ,forest exploitation ,ACTION ANTHROPIQUE ,mosses ,flora ,PEUPLEMENT FORESTIER ,RESERVE BIOLOGIQUE ,anthropic activity ,BRYOPHYTE ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,CARABIDAE ,biological reserve ,CHIROPTERA ,biodiversity ,forests ,COLEOPTERE ,BIODIVERSITE ,EXPLOITATION FORESTIERE ,nature reserves ,saproxylic organisms ,NATURALITE ,forest stands ,ORGANISME SAPROXYLIQUE ,birds ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,OISEAU ,naturalness ,FLORE ,PERTURBATION ANTHROPIQUE - Abstract
Cet article conclut le dossier consacré au projet Gestion forestière, Naturalité, Biodiversité, qui s'est attaché à comparer la biodiversité de sept groupes taxonomiques (flore vasculaire, bryophytes, champignons lignicoles, carabes, coléoptères saproxyliques, oiseaux et chiroptères) dans des réserves forestières intégrales et dans leurs équivalents en forêt exploitée. Que retenir des résultats ? Tout d'abord, que des mesures directes de biodiversité confortent les dispositions en vigueur pour la conservation de la biodiversité forestière. Ensuite, que les premiers constats appellent de nouvelles analyses et invitent à approfondir la présentation des résultats, en travaillant avec les forestiers pour des analyses de magnitude plus réalistes.
- Published
- 2017
50. Biodiversity and human naturalness
- Author
-
Archaux, F., Paillet, Y., Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
- Subjects
forests ,GESTION FORESTIERE ,FORET ,anthropogenic disturbance ,forest exploitation ,BIODIVERSITE ,ACTION ANTHROPIQUE ,EXPLOITATION FORESTIERE ,nature reserves ,NATURALITE ,forest stands ,RICHESSE SPECIFIQUE ,PEUPLEMENT FORESTIER ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,RESERVE BIOLOGIQUE ,anthropic activity ,species richness ,naturalness ,RESERVE NATURELLE ,biological reserve ,biodiversity ,PERTURBATION ANTHROPIQUE - Abstract
La naturalité dite anthropique correspond au fait de soustraire les peuplements aux perturbations liées à l'exploitation des bois. Elle a une composante temporelle liée à la durée depuis l'arrêt d'exploitation, et une composante spatiale qui correspond à la taille de la réserve mais aussi à d'autres aspects comme la proportion en réserve dans le paysage. Comment la biodiversité, vue comme la richesse spécifique des 7 taxons étudiés dans GNB, réagit-elle aux variables de naturalité anthropique ? Réponse mitigée.
- Published
- 2017
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