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Sand sieving is now considered one of the essential needs in the construction industry. Where businesses collaborate to find the best and highest-quality methods for extracting pure sand suitable for construction. These businesses always require high-quality machines to complete the process flawlessly. This is also to prove its market power and guarantee its products. This research talks about the various mechanisms for designing and manufacturing sand sieving. The sand sieving process expresses the filtering of sand from the rest of the components such as stones or gravel. The literature department studied ten different studies in the design and manufacture of sand sieving machine in different ways. Where these methods vary between using the engine and electricity and using the primitive manual method. After performing these machines several tests and evaluation of the process, it was found that the engine speed affected the energy consumed to sift the sand. Also, the sieve holes are affected by the size of the sifted sand. Where sieves are manufactured in different sizes to suit the size of the sand to be purified. On the other hand, this article contains the future recommendation of the machine to avoid errors and give effective results as needed.

In the present study, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs) were successfully produced through stir-squeeze casting using a novel approach. The feasibility of using car scrap aluminium alloy wheels (SAAWs) as the matrix material and spent alumina catalyst (SAC) from oil refineries as reinforcement material was investigated. For the purpose of comparision, composites were also produced using AlSi7Mg (LM25 grade) aluminium alloy as a matrix and alumina as reinforcement particles through the stir-squeeze casting process. In total, four different combinations of composites (AlSi7Mg + alumina; scrap aluminium alloy + alumina; AlSi7Mg + spent alumina catalyst; scrap aluminium alloy + spent alumina catalyst) were produced and characterized. Microstructural investigations using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that in all four composites the reinforcement formed a mixture in the eutectic silicon phase of the matrix alloy. The alumina particles' size and content ratio greatly influenced this mixture's formation and morphology. The composites produced using alumina exhibited smaller pore sizes and lower porosity as compared to the composites produced with a spent alumina catalyst. Superior mechanical properties were also obtained when using alumina as reinforcement, and better mechanical properties can mainly be attributed to the morphology of the reinforcement and silicon eutectic phase mixture. The scrap aluminium alloy + alumina exhibited the lowest porosity (7.3%) and abrasive wear loss (0.11 mg for the finest abrasive), highest hardness (58.5 BHN), and second highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (125 MPa) and ultimate compressive strength (UCS) (312 MPa) among the four composites.

Industrial, residential and commercial noise levels are to be maintained for acoustic comfort living conditions. Sound annoyance is a sensation of discontentment linked with any driving force from machines or a circumstance. It is certain that, noise can harm human hearing capacity and brain neuron cells. Novelty of this study was the design of window air conditioner with modified heat exchanger coils with phase change material and water were used as refrigerants. Noise and vibration assessment of the constructal designed window air conditioner (CDWAC) and normal window air conditioner (NWAC) with the conventional vapor compression system was carried out. The noise levels, daily exposure noise level, noise criteria levels of the developed window air conditioner was found to be satisfactory according to the British Standard 4142 and noise at work regulations 1789. The noise criteria for the CDWAC with phase change material and water exhibited a better performance around 50 dB whereas the NWAC with vapor compression system was around 60 dB. For normal window AC the RMS value is about 0.62 and constructal window AC is about 0.38. peak amplitude was observed as 0.346 m/s2 in the CDWAC whereas it was about 0.512 m/s2 for NWAC compressor. The amplitude of vibration is very nominal in between 2 to 2.5 s in CDWAC and the peak variation is same as in 1.5 s. Results reveal that the noise and vibration performance of the construction designed window air conditioner was better than the NWAC. HIGHLIGHTS The design of constructal window air conditioner was an attempt to minimize one of the disorders or imperfections in the system that is the noise level created by the air conditioner during its operation Noise and vibration analysis of constructal designed window air conditioner was studied in comparison with the normal window air conditioner Vibration analysis was carried out through the experimental investigation Time domain analysis and spectral analysis of both the air conditioners were performed and the curves were plotted for better understanding of the performances of both the air conditioners in connection with vibration during operation In sum, it is found that constructal law based design of window air conditioner performs better than the normal window air conditioner GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) find a broader spectrum of applications inconsiderable number of industries globally as AMCs possess excellent mechanical properties at lower mass density. Due to many advantages, researchers continue to find a new generation of materials that offer designers many benefits in converting traditional materials into commercial and industrial materials to use low cost or waste materials as reinforcing phase while producing AMCs. In this research work, Graphene Oxide (GO) is used as a reinforcing phase in the LM6 aluminium matrix, and this paper attempts to lay more emphasis on synthesis and characterization of LM6 matrix and GO particulates and LM6/GO composites as a whole. A modified stir casting process was employed to develop the above composite material. The composite test pieces were subject to physical and mechanical tests, i.e., density, hardness, tensile, and impact. Microanalysis methods such as SEM and XRD analysis were also performed on the composite specimens to analyze the feasibility and suitability of the materials for further research work (friction welding of composites) being pursued by the authors. The results and insights drawn from the comprehensive laboratory analysis demonstrated that the LM6/GO composite could be successfully used as alternative materials replacing metal and alloys. Furthermore, the composite can be easily subject to the welding process resulting in quality welded joints and assemblies.

In this paper examines the feasibility of eliminating flaring at Oman LNG Company by capturing the CO 2 present in the incoming gas during LNG ship gassing up operation. The gas containing CO 2 is flared to prevent CO 2 ice up and blockage at lower temperature. The project proposes a design and installation of two exchangers to cool the CO 2 present to de-sublimation temperature of -132°C at which 99% of CO 2 solidifies on the heat exchanger fins which then direct the free CO 2 gas to fuel gas system. A stream of cold LNG product available at -161°C on loading line was utilized as cooling medium to achieve the target temperature. The design takes into consideration energy optimization and efficiency of the system by which a multi-passes stream exchanger is used to precool the incoming gas before it’s further cooled to CO 2 frosting point in the main exchanger. A Honeywell UniSim software was used to simulate the process and the outputs were outlined. The results were found to be optimistic and targeted temperatures for 99% removal of CO 2 were found to be achievable. The 7% of the total flaring responsible by gassing up operation can be eliminated.