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Voice Intelligent Assistants provide users with new ways of human-computer interaction. With built-in screens, Voice Intelligent Assistants can display images and videos upon users' requests. Even though images and videos present information in a lively manner, they might also contain overwhelming harmful contents. Due to the lack of effective evaluation mechanisms, it is difficult to prevent the propagation of harmful contents while ensuring the dissemination of compliant visual contents. This research defined a standardized set of classification criteria to identify and classify harmful visual contents. Then, Intelligent Image and Video Rating System, a prototype rating system that implemented the classification criteria was designed and developed. This research further evaluated and verified the reliability and efficiency of the prototype. The prototype system demonstrated additional advantages in swiftly classifying new hazardous contents, and in differentiating the multiple meanings of the same object in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural language understanding is a foundational task in medical dialogue systems. However, there are still two key problems to be solved: (1) Multiple meanings of a word lead to ambiguity of intent; (2) character errors make slot entity extraction difficult. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a character-word information interaction framework (CWIIF) for natural language understanding in the Chinese medical dialogue domain. The CWIIF framework contains an intent information adapter to solve the problem of intent ambiguity caused by multiple meanings of words in the intent detection task and a slot label extractor to solve the problem of difficulty in yellowslot entity extraction due to character errors in the slot filling task. The proposed framework is validated on two publicly available datasets, the Intelligent Medical Consultation System (IMCS-21) and Chinese Artificial Intelligence Speakers (CAIS). Experimental results from both datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms other baseline methods in handling Chinese medical dialogues. Notably, on the IMCS-21 dataset, precision improved by 2.42%, recall by 3.01%, and the F1 score by 2.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs the framework of "dynamic categorization" from cognitive linguistics to examine a more radical phase of word meaning derivation. Specifically, it investigates the interaction between word meaning categories and de-categorization in order to elucidate the principles governing word meaning derivation. Through a comprehensive analysis of extensive Chinese and English corpora, our findings indicate that the interaction between word meaning categories primarily is manifested in two forms: (1) expansion between adjacent categories; (2) expansion between analogous categories. The expansion between adjacent categories encompasses linguistic, conceptual, and factual expansions, whereas expansion between analogous categories involves both objective and psychological similarities. Such interaction between word meaning categories may result in partial grammaticalization, antonymization, and polysemy. De-categorization, on the other hand, is primarily achieved through word conversion, grammaticalization, and subjectivization. These processes contribute to the evolution of word meaning beyond conventional clustering models, transitioning from concrete to abstract and from literal to figurative interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building on Wittgenstein's theory of ordinary language use and Lamin Sanneh's insights into the effects of biblical translations in vernacular languages, this essay examines how the translation process in Niu Tireni (New Zealand/Aotearoa) in the 1830s contextualized or indigenized Christian concepts of the sacred/holy (tapu), the price (utu) paid by Christ for the sin of the world, and God's forgiveness (muru) due to that sacrifice (utu). Through translation, therefore, Christian scripture was changed, or acquired new cultural referents. On the Māori side of the translation process, the result of reapplying fundamental Māori concepts to Christian narratives and theological categories was to re-map the Māori mental universe—so that it, also, was not the same as it was before the translation came into being. Through translating the scriptures into the indigenous tongue, they had become a Māori (native/indigenous) possession. In so doing, however, the original cultural framework had flexed towards—if not become drastically reformed by—a biblical understanding of sacred and redemptive time and the actions of a Supreme Creator/Te Atua acting within human history but neither identical with that history nor with creation itself. Nevertheless, we are also presented with a picture of intersecting but not always corresponding meanings as the result of cross-cultural translation—with creative misunderstandings or an epistemic "middle ground" (following Richard White) of multiple meanings being one of the inevitable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the phenomenon of the decreased absorption of γ-radiation when the thickness of the absorber equals a multiple of the mean free path, as observed in relevant laboratory experiments with various absorbing materials. This phenomenon can be compared with the periodic peaks in intensity in an open-ended sound tube that appear at multiples of half wavelength. This could suggest that there is analogy between the two physical systems that are the γ-ray absorber and the sound wave resonance tube. More similarities between the two systems are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explore the polysemy of compound and complex sentences through Mandarin conditionals. Focusing on the two basic conditional constructions, i.e., the ruguo construction and the ruguoshuo construction, this paper explores their inter-clausal relations as well as the polysemous relations existing within each construct. A conceptual space is thus built, and then the distribution of three domains (i.e., the content domain, the epistemic domain, and the speech act domain) and metalanguage usages are cautiously defined on the space, in order to present the semantic extensions of conditional constructions in greater detail and also to illustrate the differences between the two constructions. Then, by comparing the ruguo construction and the if construction in English, the paper points out that the polysemy of compound and complex sentences is universal but is also subject to the system of compound and complex sentences of each language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysemous concepts with multiple related meanings pervade natural languages, yet some philosophers argue that we should eliminate them to avoid miscommunication and pointless debates in scientific discourse. This article defends the legitimacy of polysemous concepts in science against this eliminativist challenge. My approach analyses such concepts as patchworks with multiple scale-dependent, technique-involving, domain-specific, and property-targeting uses (patches). I demonstrate the generality of my approach by applying it to 'hardness' in materials science, 'homology' in evolutionary biology, 'gold' in chemistry, and 'cortical column' in neuroscience. Such patchwork concepts are legitimate if the techniques used to apply them produce reliable results, the domains to which they are applied are homogenous, and the properties they refer to are significant to describe, classify, or explain the behaviour of entities in the extension of the concept. By following these normative constraints, researchers can avoid miscommunication and pointless debates without having to eliminate polysemous patchwork concepts in scientific discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguity is a common challenge in specifying natural language (NL) requirements. One of the reasons for the occurrence of ambiguity in software requirements is the lack of user involvement in requirements elicitation and inspection phases. Even if they get involved, it is hard for them to understand the context of the system, and ultimately unable to provide requirements correctly due to a lack of interest. Previously, the researchers have worked on ambiguity avoidance, detection, and removal techniques in requirements. Still, less work is reported in the literature to actively engage users in the system to reduce ambiguity at the early stages of requirements engineering. Traditionally, ambiguity is addressed during inspection when requirements are initially specified in the SRS document. Resolving or removing ambiguity during the inspection is time-consuming, costly, and laborious. Also, traditional elicitation techniques have limitations like lack of user involvement, inactive user participation, biases, incomplete requirements, etc. Therefore, in this study, we have designed a framework, Gamification for Lexical Ambiguity (Gamify4LexAmb), for detecting and reducing ambiguity using gamification. Gamify4LexAmb engages users and identifies lexical ambiguity in requirements, which occurs in polysemy words where a single word can have several different meanings. We have also validated Gamify4LexAmb by developing an initial prototype. The results show that Gamify4LexAmb successfully identifies lexical ambiguities in given requirements by engaging users in requirements elicitation. In the next part of our research, an industrial case study will be performed to understand the effects of gamification on real-time data for detecting and reducing NL ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cognitive linguistics, which places form and meaning in an integrated and relational scheme, considers polysemy as a natural and inherent feature of language. Thus, function words, which are examined on the grammatical level in the traditional view, can also be researched with from a meaning-based perspective through different dynamics. The aim of this study is to reveal the polysemy properties of the postposition içinde within the framework of the cognitive linguistics paradigm, and to reveal the inter-scene relations within the scope of image schematic transformations, extensions, and metaphorical constructions. The dataset of the research, which has a descriptive nature, consists of 3500 concordances obtained through the Turkish National Corpus 3.0 corpus query, which includes the contextual views of the postposition. As a result, the postposition içinde is observed with four different image schema transformations related to the containment prototype extension, it also has four different peripheral extensions, and different semantic networks are obtained by adding metaphorical interpretations to the image schemas.

The aim of this study is to identify the word formation, semantic, and stylistic features of words with complex bases within Russian and German verb nests, centered around the base verbs lyubit’ / lieben (‘to love’). This research unveils the word-forming and semantic potential of these base verbs by analyzing their complex derivatives and comparing the composites derived from lyubit’ and lieben. Empirical data were collected through continuous sampling, and the word formation analysis method was employed to describe the formation processes of the units in question. Epidigmatic analysis was utilized to examine their semantic structures, complemented by quantitative assessments of frequency and distribution. The findings indicate that word composition is the predominant method of forming complex words in both languages’ verb nests, with a notable prevalence of composite nouns that exhibit a subordinate relationship between bases and are monosemantic. The study also reveals that while fusion is a method of producing composites in Russian, in German, it is limited to compound words. Reduplication, as seen in Russian composites like lyubish-ne-lyubish (‘love-not-love’), is absent in German. The study concludes, that the analyzed words are integral to the professional lexicon of psychologists, criminologists, biologists, botanists, and others. Beyond their terminological meanings, these complex lexemes encapsulate cultural concepts that mirror the mentalities of Russian and German speakers. Recognizing these concepts is crucial for effective communication across various fields, particularly in professional contexts.

This article sheds light on two enduring English loanwords in European Spanish, very well and yes very well, which have thus far evaded scholarly attention. Despite their long-standing presence and widespread use, these Anglicisms have rarely been encountered in written Spanish. This, coupled with their playful and informal nature, may have contributed to their perceived insignificance in academic inquiry. The study scrutinizes nearly a thousand instances of these loanwords from various sources to elucidate their contemporary semantic roles in European Spanish. The analysis reveals that their continued usage over time can be attributed to their versatility and wide-ranging semantic functions. Furthermore, it shows that, precisely because research on English loans has been strongly biased towards the written medium, these are likely to be but two among a number of time-honoured Anglicisms that remain unexplored.

The lexical analysis of scientific terms in the works of French-speaking linguists (from F. de Saussure to modern researchers) allows identifying the epistemological reasons for the development of semantics and the formation of polysemy of terminological units. The semantic features of the considered terms determine a new classification of polysemy types depending on the level of terminological abstraction.

Memories of events are linked to the contexts in which they were encoded. This contextual linking ensures enhanced access to those memories that are most relevant to the context at hand, including specific associations that were previously learned in that context. This principle, referred to as encoding specificity, predicts that context-specific neural states should bias retrieval of particular associations over others, potentially allowing for the disambiguation of retrieval cues that may have multiple associations or meanings. Using a context-odor paired associate learning paradigm in mice, here, we show that chemogenetic manipulation of dentate gyrus ensembles corresponding to specific contexts reinstates context-specific neural states in downstream CA1 and biases retrieval toward context-specific associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart is an effective tool for monitoring small shifts in the mean vector of multiple correlated variables over time. The traditional MEWMA control charts are not appropriate when dealing with data that has indeterminacy. For the purpose of dealing with indeterminate data, we present a novel Neutrosophic MEWMA Control Chart that incorporates bootstrap control limits in this research. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with the neutrosophic Hotelling T² control chart. The study considered Alarm Rate (AR) and Average Run Length (ARL) have been used as the performance evaluation metrics. Finally, an illustrative example from the chemical industry was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed chart. It is considered that the proposed chart can be effectively applied to a wide range of manufacturing processes, providing significant benefits in process monitoring and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Translating the theater of Gil Vicente poses a significant challenge, that only specialists about the author, with some rare exceptions, have translated his plays. Between the nuances of the text, the archaisms of the language, and the specificities of theatrical writing, this playwright has seen few of his plays, also known as autos, translated into French. At a time when the relationship between the translator and technological advancements is becoming increasingly intertwined, it is important to analyze how certain software, particularly those of Artificial Intelligence, perform in the task of translation and what their impact might be on future translations of Gil Vicente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Space," as a fundamental conceptual term, has been frequently and widely applied within various disciplines, such as sociology, architecture, philosophy, math, art, and so forth. In pictorial art, the term "space" is often used as a lens to understand specific concepts or artworks. This study aims to explain and describe pictorial spatial construction in paintings by applying various approaches. However, in the field of formalist analysis over the past century, except for a few formalist critics who have engaged with pictorial space, few have attempted to use creative methodologies to systematically analyze how pictorial space is constructed in the painting, particularly in works by contemporary painters. Therefore, to fill in this lacuna in the research, this study utilizes new formal analytical methods to analyze and explain spatial construction in paintings. In terms of the method of analysis, this study analyzes a sample of Western contemporary paintings and utilizes the approaches of the overlap of the abstract and the figurative, parallel narratives existing in multiple spaces, and the juxtaposition of different material dimensions, respectively, to rethink the method of spatial construction in the painting. The result concludes that paintings are an essential research object within visual art. The construction of image space is rich and includes multiple layers of meaning. The overlapping of abstract space (sensibility) and figurative space (rationality), as well as the coexistence of this contradictory system, enables artists to discover more possibilities when creating works and effectively enrich visual effects and textures in their paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verses 6 to 8 of Surah Al-Duha, in the capacity of expressing God's special gifts to the Holy Prophet, have caused many interpretations of these verses by commentators. This diversity and difference arises from the vocabulary used, the structure of the sentences and of course the polysemy of the three verses. Multiple meanings in the verses is a reflection of God's power and wisdom in the selection of words and the arrangement of structures that cause a linguistic unit to have multiple meanings in a single use and in a specific text, and all those meanings can be accepted as God's intention. The purpose of this article is to analyze the interpretation of the sixth to eighth verses of Surah Al-Duha, in the first step, it explains the point of view of the commentators, and then, by analyzing the words used and the structure of the sentences, and examining the interpretive traditions, the appropriateness and agreement of these two in the multiple meanings of the verses proved. This research, which has been carried out with a descriptive and analytical method, comes to the conclusion that interpretive narratives in accordance with the vocabulary and structure of the discussed verses, confirm the possibility of different readings and understanding multiple meanings from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focusses on non-adverbial uses of lá in European Portuguese, whose exact meaning contribution still remains an open research question. Applying a multidimensional semantics framework, the central claim is that non-adverbial uses of lá represent use-conditional items. Passing the standard tests suggested in the literature, they thus do not contribute to the truth conditions of an utterance but specify particular use conditions. It is argued that they are felicitously used if a speaker wants to convey illocutionary modification, which pragmatically leads to mitigation or reinforcement effects. Diachronically, substantiated by historical data from the Corpus do Português, use-conditional lá is argued to be a product of a pragmaticalization process that led to so-called pragmatic fission at some point, i.e., to the polysemy of two synchronically available configurations of a truth-conditional and a use-conditional lá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents a discussion on polysemy in a crossword by Perec. We apply Culioli’s modelling approach in terms of operation of location and construction of a notion and its notional domain. Polysemy is seen as part of the intangible cultural heritage within languages.

There is often a need for fast and effective communication in modern medicine. Time is often critical when providing care to multiple patients. Medical abbreviations are a form of shorthand that allows healthcare professionals to communicate with one another easily. However, the time and expense of writing acronyms are reduced in case they are clear and familiar to every person involved in communication. Misunderstanding between members of the medical staff often lead to misinterpretations of acronyms and hazard to patients’ health and lives. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze such interrelated phenomena as positive and negative sides of using abbreviations as a way of terminology in medicine, arguments of each of the positions, in order to reduce negative consequences of using abbreviations in modern medical documentation. The material of the study is abbreviations used in modern medical practice. The method of continuous sampling of medical abbreviations from scientific literature and medical documentation was used. The results of the study showed that the most common errors associated with the use of medical abbreviations were the ones in prescribing, incorrect dose/quantity and incorrect preparation of medication. About 80 % of the abbreviations contained in the notes and statements that were handed out were unclear to patients and required clarification by health care providers. Medicine must be based on accurate and correct information, literacy of professional actions, and a sense of the highest responsibility. In this regard, it is necessary to use only standard abbreviations and introduce a ban on the use of abbreviations with ambiguous interpretation. Information in prescriptions, instructions, and statements should be clear and unambiguous, in order to avoid awkward and mundane situations affecting the quality of patients’ perception of the information. All of these factors can contribute to the improvement of the quality of medical care and the patient’s quality of life accordingly.

This paper analyzes memes posted by @Ukraine to X, formerly known as Twitter, from the account’s inception in 2016 through September 2023 to examine the function and utility of memes as tools of propaganda in global conflict.

This article presents the results of the master's research, aiming to understand how photography participates in the initial training of teachers at a state university, located in the interior of Bahia. From a qualitative perspective, the descriptive research used the device of Experience Groups (EGs), in which data and information were produced on how the students related to photography in its dimension of production and reception. The data produced in the field were analyzed based on the contributions of philosophical hermeneutics. In view of the massive and automated use of photography today, it is understood that the experience with photography in its dimension of production and reception can be a formative experience in the sense of placing the interpreter in relation with their life stories, offering other horizons of the world capable of updating prejudices towards the construction of inventive/invented existentialities. In view of this, how can photographic polysemy forge a pedagogy of experience-formation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One speech sound can be associated with multiple meanings through iconicity, indexicality, and/or systematicity. It was not until recently that this "pluripotentiality" of sound symbolism attracted serious attention, and it remains uninvestigated how pluripotentiality may arise. In the current study, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, and English speakers rated unfamiliar jewel names on three semantic scales: size, brightness, and hardness. The results showed language-specific and cross-linguistically shared pluripotential sound symbolism. Japanese speakers associated voiced stops with large and dark jewels, whereas Mandarin speakers associated [i] with small and bright jewels. Japanese, Mandarin, and English speakers also associated lip rounding with darkness and softness. These sound-symbolic meanings are unlikely to be obtained through metaphorical or metonymical extension, nor are they reported to colexify. Notably, in a purely semantic network without the mediation of lip rounding, softness can instead be associated with brightness, as illustrated by synesthetic metaphors such as yawaraka-na hizashi /jawaɾakanaçizaɕi/ "a gentle (lit. soft) sunshine" in Japanese. These findings suggest that the semantic networks of sound symbolism may not coincide with those of metaphor or metonymy. The current study summarizes the findings in the form of (phono)semantic maps to facilitate cross-linguistic comparisons of pluripotential sound symbolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) techniques have limits in exploring word-context relationships since they only deal with the effective use of word embedding, lexical-based information via WordNet, or the precision of clustering algorithms. In order to overcome this limitation, the study suggests a unique hybrid methodology that makes use of context embedding based on center-embedding in order to capture semantic subtleties and utilizing with a two-level K-means clustering algorithm. Such generated context embedding, producing centroids that serve as representative points for semantic information inside clusters. Additionally, go with such captured cluster- centres in the nested levels of clustering process, locate groups of linked context words and categorize them according to their word meanings that effectively manage polysemy/homonymy as well as detect minute differences in meaning. Our proposed approach offers a substantial improvement over traditional WSD methods by harnessing the power of center-embedding in context representation, enhancing the precision of clustering and ultimately overcoming existing limitations in context-based sense disambiguation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In teaching French as a foreign language in the philological context, insufficient attention is paid to the development of lexical and semantic competences, especially in relation to culture. The linguistic worldview is an ethnolinguistic concept that integrates many different lexical phenomena such as polysemy, derivation, connotation and word structures in order to show the close relationship between lexis and culture. Showing a word in a complex network of lexical-semanticcompositional relations is a tool with strong didactic potential. The aim of this study is to identify this potential in the context of teaching French vocabulary. We focus on the theoretical background of lexical and semantic competences and on the analysis of the relationship between language, culture and meaning in ethnolinguistic and cognitive terms. The empirical part explores, in a quantitative and qualitative way, the methodology of teaching lexis as it is implemented in French language textbooks. The result of our study shows that this methodology, in terms of the presentation of vocabulary and the number and types of lexical exercises, is not sufficient for learning the real meaning of words. The linguistic worldview is a tool that may meet this challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semic analysis is a linguistic technique aimed at methodically factorizing the meaning of terms into a collection of minimum non-decomposable atoms of meaning. In this study, we propose a methodology targeted at enhancing the systematicity of semic analysis of medical terminology in order to increase the quality of the creation of the set of atoms of meaning and improve the identification of concepts, as well as enhance specialized domain studies. Our approach is based on: (1) a semi-automatic domain-specific corpus-based extraction of semes, (2) the application of the property of termhood to address the diaphasic and the diastratic variations of language, (3) the automatic lemmatization of semes, and (4) seme weighting to establish the order of semes in the sememe. The paper explores the distinction between denotative and connotative semes, offering insights into polysemy and polyreferentiality in medical terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of tattoos in antiquity is a widely extended practice that, in the case of the Thracian people, was believed to be traditionally linked to the feminine element. However, as we will see through both Hellenic and Thracian written sources and iconography, this practice extended to the male element as well, and its function was not to be a symbol of sin committed or anger provoked by the murder of Orpheus. The Thracian tattoo really had a multiple meaning, related not only to social status but also to beauty, and, above all, it was an apparently voluntary practice, not imposed, that the Greeks tried to explain from the perspective of their own beliefs about the barbaric and foreign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the identification uncertainties of closely spaced bending modes of an operating onshore concrete-steel hybrid wind turbine tower. The knowledge gained contributes to making mode shapes applicable to wind turbine tower monitoring rather than just mode tracking. One reason is that closely spaced modes make it difficult to determine reliable mode shapes for them. For example, the well-known covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-COV) yields complex mode shapes with multiple mean phases in the complex plane, which does not allow error-free transformation to the real space. In contrast, the Bayesian Operational Modal Analysis (BAYOMA) allows the determination of real mode shapes. The application of BAYOMA presents a further challenge when quantifying the associated uncertainties, as the typical assumption of a linear, time-invariant system is violated. Therefore, validity is not self-evident and a comprehensive investigation and comparison of results is required. It has already been shown in a previous study that the significant part of the uncertainty in the mode shapes corresponds to their orientation in the mode subspace (MSS). Despite all the challenges mentioned, there is still a great need to develop reliable monitoring parameters (MPs) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This study contributes to this by analysing metrics for comparing mode shapes. In addition to the well-known Modal Assurance Criteria (MAC), the Second-Order MAC (S2MAC) is also used to eliminate the alignment uncertainty by comparing the mode shape with a MSS. In addition, the mode shape identification uncertainties of BAYOMA are also considered. Including uncertainties is also essential for the typically used natural frequencies and damping ratios, which can be more appropriately used if the identification uncertainty is known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: The social construction of nature aims to emphasise that the concept of nature has multiple meanings that vary in different socio-cultural contexts. This underlines the multiple ways in which both structures and individuals understand, explain, and engage with nature and the environment. Consequently, nature and cultures/societies are not separate entities, but are intertwined in complex and interdependent relationships. Therefore, nature is the result of human perceptions and social practices. The way we interact with, perceive, interpret, and value nature is influenced by a given society's history and sociocultural factors. This intimate relationship is closely linked to power–knowledge and influence relations. Those with more power can impose a particular vision of, and relationship with, nature, resulting in inequalities and potentially harmful relations that can explain the environmental degradation that the contemporary world faces globally, despite its expression in particular contexts, thus configuring plural natures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical face masks have become commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic, producing debates on mask practices. This paper explains the semiotic practices of the face mask among Koreans, who accepted the mask early and have simultaneously remained uneasy about it until late 2020. It aims to explain this paradox by discovering various meanings Koreans ascribe to the mask. A content analysis of reader responses to news articles finds that Koreans signify what the mask means for life in various voices (i.e., instrumental meanings) in which they concurrently reveal multiple and contradictory meanings of everyday life (i.e., existential meanings) during the pandemic. Eight themes--beneficence, futility, nuisance, routine, privacy, dominance, collective commitment, and intricacy--constitute what the mask and everyday life mean. This study also finds that contradictions among these meanings are resolved either incidentally by their being simultaneously harbored in one piece of the mask that stays and holds tight in most circumstances or semiotically by certain integrative meanings embracing multiple meanings at once. The study argues that the meanings of the mask reflect meanings of life that are often contradictory and yet held together during the pandemic. It demonstrates that mask sociology serves as a promising humanistic inquiry on how the Maussian totality of everyday life is concretely experienced in the context of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The judicious configuration of predicates is a crucial but often overlooked aspect in the field of knowledge graphs. While previous research has primarily focused on the precision of triples in assessing knowledge graph quality, the rationality of predicates has been largely ignored. This paper introduces an innovative approach aimed at enhancing knowledge graph reasoning by addressing the issue of predicate polysemy. Predicate polysemy refers to instances where a predicate possesses multiple meanings, introducing ambiguity into the knowledge graph. We present an adaptable optimization framework that effectively addresses predicate polysemy, thereby enhancing reasoning capabilities within knowledge graphs. Our approach serves as a versatile and generalized framework applicable to any reasoning model, offering a scalable and flexible solution to enhance performance across various domains and applications. Through rigorous experimental evaluations, we demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of our methodology, showing significant improvements in knowledge graph reasoning accuracy. Our findings underscore that discerning predicate polysemy is a crucial step towards achieving a more dependable and efficient knowledge graph reasoning process. Even in the age of large language models, the optimization and induction of predicates remain relevant in ensuring interpretable reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysemy is the type of lexical ambiguity where a word has multiple distinct but related interpretations. In the past decade, it has been the subject of a great many studies across multiple disciplines including linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, and computational linguistics, which have made it increasingly clear that the complexity of polysemy precludes simple, universal answers, especially concerning the representation and processing of polysemous words. But fuelled by the growing availability of large, crowdsourced datasets providing substantial empirical evidence; improved behavioral methodology; and the development of contextualized language models capable of encoding the fine-grained meaning of a word within a given context, the literature on polysemy recently has developed more complex theoretical analyses. In this survey we discuss these recent contributions to the investigation of polysemy against the backdrop of a long legacy of research across multiple decades and disciplines. Our aim is to bring together different perspectives to achieve a more complete picture of the heterogeneity and complexity of the phenomenon of polysemy. Specifically, we highlight evidence supporting a range of hybrid models of the mental processing of polysemes. These hybrid models combine elements from different previous theoretical approaches to explain patterns and idiosyncrasies in the processing of polysemous that the best known models so far have failed to account for. Our literature review finds that (i) traditional analyses of polysemy can be limited in their generalizability by loose definitions and selective materials; (ii) linguistic tests provide useful evidence on individual cases, but fail to capture the full range of factors involved in the processing of polysemous sense extensions; and (iii) recent behavioral (psycho) linguistics studies, large-scale annotation efforts, and investigations leveraging contextualized language models provide accumulating evidence suggesting that polysemous sense similarity covers a wide spectrum between identity of sense and homonymy-like unrelatedness of meaning. We hope that the interdisciplinary account of polysemy provided in this survey inspires further fundamental research on the nature of polysemy and better equips applied research to deal with the complexity surrounding the phenomenon, for example, by enabling the development of benchmarks and testing paradigms for large language models informed by a greater portion of the rich evidence on the phenomenon currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we identify how the framing strategies employed by policy and political actors make policy ideas robust. We examine the policy ideas of solidarity and sustainability to show how framing strategies that took advantages of the valence and polysemy of both ideas shaped them into robust policy ideas. Both ideas began as wide-ranging concepts designed to build coalitions in debates over a particular large-scale policy problem. Robustness is a quality that emerged over time as these ideas grew to become highly attractive framing devices to justify policy proposals. Moreover, they have proven to be resilient despite changing circumstances or even efforts of their opponents to reframe them in a negative way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current education policy in Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa is the country's indigenous Māori name) requires schools and teachers to engage with parents and the school community to enhance student educational experience and achievement. The broad wording in these policy statements allows schools and teachers to tailor their parental engagement practice to specific community contexts. There is, however, little attention given to the built space of the school itself as an aspect of the material context within which parental engagement occurs. This article draws on a case study analysis of a single, bounded primary school in Aotearoa New Zealand, to examine how the school's built environment influences parental engagement. It involves the analysis of plans and other school artifacts, semi-structured interview transcripts of staff and parents, and the mental maps of parents. The findings reveal that multiple meanings are read from built space, with staff at risk of underestimating those readings and their agency to author new stories that better support parental engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study discusses the extension of meaning of the word “filter” in its uses in the cyberspace context. Our goal is to analyze its semantic extension by polysemy, considering its use to denote a resource of image manipulation or of entertainment. Methodologically, we analyze the use of “filter” in a news report; the semantic categories studied are vagueness, lexical ambiguity (polysemy) and metaphor. Our investigation shows that: (a) “filter” involves semantic vagueness, both in its accommodation within the context of use, with a relative determinacy, and in its use as a strategic determinacy; (b) “filter” presents characteristics of a logically polysemic expression, verified by the detailing of the telic quale of the word; and (c) the semantic extension of “filter” can also be explained through the metaphorical interpretation and the understanding that we can comprehend one domain of experience in terms of another.

Нейросеть «Шедеврум» представляет собой инновационный инструмент, разработанный для решения сложной лингвистической задачи – разграничения омонимии и полисемии. Омонимия и полисемия представляют собой явления, при которых один и тот же словоформ имеет несколько значений, что может вводить в заблуждение как читателей, так и системы искусственного интеллекта. В статье рассматривается применение нейросетей для решения этой проблемы на примере «Шедеврума».В статье подробно рассматривается процесс обучения и работы нейросети, а также приводятся практические примеры ее применения. Показано, как «Шедеврум» может помочь в разграничении омонимии и полисемии, повысить точность понимания естественного языка системами ИИ и улучшить обработку естественного языка в различных приложениях.

This article is devoted to the study of the Kalmyk branch of Tibetan medicine — a practically little-studied object of research. This topic was usually considered from a historical and cultural perspective. Meanwhile, the terminology of this subject area is of particular research interest, deserving a holistic description of its various components. The main task is to pose the problem of constructing a Tibetan-Kalmyk-Russian thesaurus of traditional medical terminology, which requires a comprehensive study and systematization of key terms denoting generic objects of research, as well as sections and related disciplines of the subject area “Buddhist Medicine”. Terms are considered through the prism of cluster field approaches, lexical-semantic classification (groups and subgroups) and the linguistic worldview. Research into Buddhist medical vocabulary and terminology is untenable without a deep study of Buddhism itself as a multidimensional phenomenon and a medical fragment of the linguistic picture of the world as the intersection point of two most important sign systems — religion and the language that serves it. The author briefly presents the history of the spread of Tibetan medicine among the Kalmyks, shows the role of the expert on Tibetan medicine Dambo Ulyanov in its study, and his activities in translating the medical treatise “Zhud-shi” into Russian.

This paper investigates the cross-linguistic diversity of continuative (‘still’) expressions. Based on a genealogically stratified sample of 120 languages, the continuative expressions are systematically analyzed according to the four following parameters: morphosyntactic type, emphatic vs. non-emphatic status, other (non-continuative) uses and semantic effects when combined with negation. The study shows that the most widespread type of continuative expressions is represented by monosemous emphatic continuative adverbials which in combination with negation acquire a ‘not yet’ meaning. In many languages, however, we also find continuative expressions which have followed evolutionary pathways towards morphologization, non-emphatic uses, rich polysemy networks, and less trivial types of interaction with negation. The paper discusses possible areal, genealogical and structural factors which might contribute to the “maturation” of continuative expressions in the world’s languages.

This study aims at analysing the absolute semantic complexity of kin terms in Hausa, i.e. to measure the amount of semantic information of individual kin terms. Each kin term is defined by a set of sufficient and necessary conditions (i.e. properties and relations) derived from the construction of a genealogical “space”. In order to calculate semantic complexity, properties (e.g. x is male, x is older than y) and relations (e.g. x is married to y, x is father of y) are encoded as a series of predicates. The terms are defined in a feature matrix system: for each property and relation each kin term is assigned a value on a truth table. Resorting to predicate calculus, the complexity coefficient c of kin terms is calculated as the negative dyadic logarithm of the relative number of trues according to the formula proposed by Lehmann (1978) and adapted from Carnap and Bar-Hillel (1952). Being culture-independent, the definition of kinship terms in a feature-matrix system allows for a) cross-linguistic comparison; b) a consistent treatment of polysemous instances based on the principles of intension and extension; and c) further analysis and applications in representations of kinship systems formulated with genealogical or algebraic approaches.

The phenomenon of homonymy in the Ossetian language is considered as one of the complex and multi-aspect problems in Ossetian linguistics and in general linguistic theory. The lack of special works in Ossetian studies makes it relevant to consider this phenomenon in the context of functional homonymy. It is emphasized that the factors complicating the process of studying the conditions of emergence and functioning of homonyms in language and speech are the semantic intersections with polysemy, grammatically diverse “unpredictability”, functional variability, and as a result, the presence of various classifications and definitions within homonyms. An overview of the most well-known classifications of homonyms, analysis of lexicographical sources and literary texts has been made. As a result, the main criteria for “recognizing” functional homonyms have been identified and their differentiation from lexicalgrammatical homonyms in the Ossetian language has been carried out. The analysis has shown a number of difficulties in identifying functional homonyms. The author concludes that morphological instability and the syntactic functions of a word in a sentence can change its semantics, thus transferring it from one type of homonym to another. At the same time, it is noted that the main etymological principle of distinguishing homonyms may be ineffective when considering a larger number of parts of speech.

Background: As fire regimes are changing and wildfire disasters are becoming more frequent, the term megafire is increasingly used to describe impactful wildfires, under multiple meanings, both in academia and popular media. This has resulted in a highly ambiguous concept. Approach: We analysed the use of the term 'megafire' in popular media to determine its origin, its developments over time, and its meaning in the public sphere. We subsequently discuss how relative the term 'mega' is, and put this in the context of an analysis of Portuguese and global data on fire size distribution. Results: We found that 'megafire' originated in the popular news media over 20 years before it appeared in science. Megafire is used in a diversity of languages, considers landscape fires as well as urban fires, and has a variety of meanings in addition to size. What constitutes 'mega' is relative and highly context‐dependent in space and time, given variation in landscape, climate, and anthropogenic controls, and as revealed in examples from the Netherlands, Portugal and the Global Fire Atlas. Moreover, fire size does not equate to fire impact. Conclusion: Given the diverse meanings of megafire in the popular media, we argue that redefining megafire in science potentially leads to greater disparity between science and practice. Megafire is widely used as an emotive term that is best left for popular media. For those wanting to use it in science, what constitutes a megafire should be defined by the context in which it is used, not by a metric of one‐size‐fits‐all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]