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1. Advisory opinion of the AWMF Ad hoc Commission In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices regarding in-vitro diagnostic medical devices manufactured and used only within health institutions established in the Union according to Regulation (EU) 2017/746 (IVDR)

Author

Hoffmüller, Petra, Brüggemann, Monika, Eggermann, Thomas, Ghoreschi, Kamran, Haase, Detlef, Hofmann, Jörg, Hunfeld, Klaus-Peter, Koch, Katharina, Meisel, Christian, Michl, Patrick, Müller, Jens, Müller, Carsten, Rabenau, Holger F., Reinhardt, Dirk, Riemenschneider, Markus J., Sachs, Ulrich J., Sack, Ulrich, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Streichert, Thomas, von Neuhoff, Nils, Weichert, Wilko, Weinstock, Christof, Zimmermann, Stefan, Spitzenberger, Folker, and AWMF Ad hoc Commision In-vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices

Subjects
ivdr, laboratory-developed tests, in-house ivd, validation, performance evaluation, quality management, Medicine
Abstract

In view of the approaching application date of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 („IVDR“) and the resulting EU-wide, harmonized requirements for in-vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) manufactured and used within European health institutions, the Ad hoc Commission IVD of the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) takes a national position on the details of the requirements and conditions related to the use of these IVD products.The Ad hoc Commission IVD emphasizes the relevance of examination procedures developed in medical laboratories, especially in the field of orphan diseases and new diagnostic markers. The IVDR sets an adequate regulatory framework for IVD manufactured and used within health institutions as long as these requirements are fulfilled with reliability and in accordance with the current state of the art in medical laboratory sciences. At the same time, the IVDR requirements have to be regarded under a pragmatic view and in accordance with the quality management systems approved within the different EU Member States. On the one hand, the mandatory requirements of the RiLiBÄK play an essential role in Germany. On the other hand, elements of voluntarily applicable international standards may support the fulfilment of product requirements for safety and performance according to Annex I of the IVDR. Both the complexity and possible solutions for the implementation of the IVDR requirements are discussed on the basis of examples such as the required documentation, performance evaluation and software validation.The Ad hoc Commission IVD recommends that, while aiming at a preferably EU-wide harmonized interpretation of the IVDR requirements, the flexibility in medical laboratory diagnostics necessary for patient care, including the use of IVD from in-house production, should be emphasized.

Published
2021
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2. Occurrence of and Reasons for 'Missing Events' in Mobile Dietary Assessments: Results From Three Event-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies

Author

Ziesemer, Katrin, König, Laura Maria, Boushey, Carol Jo, Villinger, Karoline, Wahl, Deborah Ronja, Butscher, Simon, Müller, Jens, Reiterer, Harald, Schupp, Harald Thomas, and Renner, Britta

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundEstablishing a methodology for assessing nutritional behavior comprehensively and accurately poses a great challenge. Mobile technologies such as mobile image-based food recording apps enable eating events to be assessed in the moment in real time, thereby reducing memory biases inherent in retrospective food records. However, users might find it challenging to take images of the food they consume at every eating event over an extended period, which might lead to incomplete records of eating events (missing events). ObjectiveAnalyzing data from 3 studies that used mobile image-based food recording apps and varied in their technical enrichment, this study aims to assess how often eating events (meals and snacks) were missed over a period of 8 days in a naturalistic setting by comparing the number of recorded events with the number of normative expected events, over time, and with recollections of missing events. MethodsParticipants in 3 event-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies using mobile image-based dietary assessments were asked to record all eating events (study 1, N=38, 1070 eating events; study 2, N=35, 934 eating events; study 3, N=110, 3469 eating events). Study 1 used a basic app; study 2 included 1 fixed reminder and the possibility to add meals after the actual eating events occurred instead of in the moment (addendum); and study 3 included 2 fixed reminders, an addendum feature, and the option to record skipped meals. The number of recalled missed events and their reasons were assessed by semistructured interviews after the EMA period (studies 1 and 2) and daily questionnaires (study 3). ResultsOverall, 183 participants reported 5473 eating events. Although the momentary adherence rate as indexed by a comparison with normative expected events was generally high across all 3 studies, a differential pattern of results emerged with a higher rate of logged meals in the more technically intensive study 3. Multilevel models for the logging trajectories of reported meals in all 3 studies showed a significant, albeit small, decline over time (b=−.11 to −.14, Ps

Published
2020
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6. Magneto-optical imaging of stepwise magnetic domain disintegration at characteristic temperatures in EuB_6

Author

Sivananda, Dibya J., Kumar, Ankit, Ali, Md. Arif, Banerjee, S. S., Das, Pintu, Muller, Jens, and Fisk, Zachary

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Prior to the onset of the ferromagnetic transition in semimetallic EuB_6, unusual magnetic and electric behavior have been reported. Using a highly sensitive magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique, we visualize the behavior of magnetic domains in a EuB_6 single crystal.The transformation from a paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic state is shown to be non-Curie Weiss like and proceeds via multiple breaks in the curvature of the temperature-dependent local magnetization. From our experiments, we identify three characteristic boundaries, T^*(H),T^*_c1(H) and T_c2(H),in a field - temperature magnetic phase diagram.Using scaling and Modified Arrott plot analysis of isothermal bulk magnetization data, we determine the critical exponents $\beta$ = 0.22 $\pm$ 0.01, $\gamma$ = 0.88 $\pm$ 0.05 and $\delta$= 5.0 $\pm$ 0.1 and a critical transition temperature = 12.0 $\pm$ 0.2 K which is found to be equal to T_c2. The critical exponents are close to those associated with the universality class of tricritical mean field model. The absence of a model with which the exponents correspond with directly, suggests the presence of large critical fluctuations in this system. The critical fluctuations in this system are sensitive to the applied magnetic field, which leads to field dependence of boundaries in the magnetic phase diagram. With increasing T the magnetic domains disintegrate into finger-like patterns before fragmenting into disjoint magnetized puddles at T^*_c1 and ultimately disappearing at T*. At T^*_c1 we observe a significant increase in the spatial inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field distribution associated with the magnetic domain structure disintegrating into smaller magnetized structures. We explain our results via the formation of magnetic polaronic clusters and their coalescing into larger domains., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures

Published
2018
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7. An Assessment of CO2 Storage and Sea‐Air Fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Between 1985 and 2018

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Research Council of Norway, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Helmholtz Association, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Becker, Meike [0000-0001-7650-0923], Goris, Nadine [0000-0002-0087-6534], Gehlen, Marion [0000-0002-9688-0692], López-Mozos, Marta [0000-0002-5501-1095], Tjiputra, Jerry [0000-0002-4600-2453], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Huertas, I. Emma [0000-0003-1033-7937], Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang [0000-0003-0102-7427], Caínzos, Verónica [0000-0003-2666-1862], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Hauck, Judith [0000-0003-4723-9652], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Pérez, Fiz F., Becker, Meike, Goris, Nadine, Gehlen, Marion, López-Mozos, Marta, Tjiputra, Jerry, Olsen, Are, Müller, Jens Daniel, Huertas, I. Emma, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Caínzos, Verónica, Velo, A., Bernard, G., Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Wanninkhof, Rik, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Research Council of Norway, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Helmholtz Association, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Becker, Meike [0000-0001-7650-0923], Goris, Nadine [0000-0002-0087-6534], Gehlen, Marion [0000-0002-9688-0692], López-Mozos, Marta [0000-0002-5501-1095], Tjiputra, Jerry [0000-0002-4600-2453], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Huertas, I. Emma [0000-0003-1033-7937], Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang [0000-0003-0102-7427], Caínzos, Verónica [0000-0003-2666-1862], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Hauck, Judith [0000-0003-4723-9652], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Pérez, Fiz F., Becker, Meike, Goris, Nadine, Gehlen, Marion, López-Mozos, Marta, Tjiputra, Jerry, Olsen, Are, Müller, Jens Daniel, Huertas, I. Emma, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Caínzos, Verónica, Velo, A., Bernard, G., Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, and Wanninkhof, Rik

Abstract

As part of the second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes project (RECCAP2), we present an assessment of the carbon cycle of the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, between 1985 and 2018 using global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) and estimates based on surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (pCO2 products) and ocean interior dissolved inorganic carbon observations. Estimates of the basin-wide long-term mean net annual CO2 uptake based on GOBMs and pCO2 products are in reasonable agreement (−0.47 ± 0.15 PgC yr−1 and −0.36 ± 0.06 PgC yr−1, respectively), with the higher uptake in the GOBM-based estimates likely being a consequence of a deficit in the representation of natural outgassing of land derived carbon. In the GOBMs, the CO2 uptake increases with time at rates close to what one would expect from the atmospheric CO2 increase, but pCO2 products estimate a rate twice as fast. The largest disagreement in the CO2 flux between GOBMs and pCO2 products is found north of 50°N, coinciding with the largest disagreement in the seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The mean accumulation rate of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) over 1994–2007 in the Atlantic Ocean is 0.52 ± 0.11 PgC yr−1 according to the GOBMs, 28% ± 20% lower than that derived from observations. Around 70% of this Cant is taken up from the atmosphere, while the remainder is imported from the Southern Ocean through lateral transport

Published
2024

8. Assessment of Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models for Ocean Carbon Sink Estimates in RECCAP2 and Recommendations for Future Studies

Author

European Commission, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Swiss National Science Foundation, Norwegian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Helmholtz Association, Terhaar, Jens [0000-0001-9377-415X], Goris, Nadine [0000-0002-0087-6534], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Devries, Timothy [0000-0002-7771-9430], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Hauck, Judith [0000-0003-4723-9652], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Séférian, Roland [0000-0002-2571-2114], Terhaar, Jens, Goris, Nadine, Müller, Jens Daniel, Devries, Timothy, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Pérez, Fiz F., Séférian, Roland, European Commission, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Swiss National Science Foundation, Norwegian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Helmholtz Association, Terhaar, Jens [0000-0001-9377-415X], Goris, Nadine [0000-0002-0087-6534], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Devries, Timothy [0000-0002-7771-9430], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Hauck, Judith [0000-0003-4723-9652], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Séférian, Roland [0000-0002-2571-2114], Terhaar, Jens, Goris, Nadine, Müller, Jens Daniel, Devries, Timothy, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Pérez, Fiz F., and Séférian, Roland

Abstract

The ocean is a major carbon sink and takes up 25%–30% of the anthropogenically emitted CO2. A state-of-the-art method to quantify this sink are global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs), but their simulated CO2 uptake differs between models and is systematically lower than estimates based on statistical methods using surface ocean pCO2 and interior ocean measurements. Here, we provide an in-depth evaluation of ocean carbon sink estimates from 1980 to 2018 from a GOBM ensemble. As sources of inter-model differences and ensemble-mean biases our study identifies (a) the model setup, such as the length of the spin-up, the starting date of the simulation, and carbon fluxes from rivers and into sediments, (b) the simulated ocean circulation, such as Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Southern Ocean mode and intermediate water formation, and (c) the simulated oceanic buffer capacity. Our analysis suggests that a late starting date and biases in the ocean circulation cause a too low anthropogenic CO2 uptake across the GOBM ensemble. Surface ocean biogeochemistry biases might also cause simulated anthropogenic fluxes to be too low, but the current setup prevents a robust assessment. For simulations of the ocean carbon sink, we recommend in the short-term to (a) start simulations at a common date before the industrialization and the associated atmospheric CO2 increase, (b) conduct a sufficiently long spin-up such that the GOBMs reach steady-state, and (c) provide key metrics for circulation, biogeochemistry, and the land-ocean interface. In the long-term, we recommend improving the representation of these metrics in the GOBMs

Published
2024

9. Prediction of diagnosis and diastolic filling pressure by AI-enhanced cardiac MRI: a modelling study of hospital data

Author

Lehmann, David Hermann, primary, Gomes, Bruna, additional, Vetter, Niklas, additional, Braun, Olivia, additional, Amr, Ali, additional, Hilbel, Thomas, additional, Müller, Jens, additional, Köthe, Ulrich, additional, Reich, Christoph, additional, Kayvanpour, Elham, additional, Sedaghat-Hamedani, Farbod, additional, Meder, Manuela, additional, Haas, Jan, additional, Ashley, Euan, additional, Rottbauer, Wolfgang, additional, Felbel, Dominik, additional, Bekeredjian, Raffi, additional, Mahrholdt, Heiko, additional, Keller, Andreas, additional, Ong, Peter, additional, Seitz, Andreas, additional, Hund, Hauke, additional, Geis, Nicolas, additional, André, Florian, additional, Engelhardt, Sandy, additional, Katus, Hugo A, additional, Frey, Norbert, additional, Heuveline, Vincent, additional, and Meder, Benjamin, additional

Published
2024
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11. New gentle extraction method of hemp bast strips for use as bio-based reinforcing fibers in highly loaded fiber composites.

Author

Ihlenfeldt, Steffen, Müller, Jens, Peukert, Christoph, and Rogall, Ludwig

Abstract

Nowadays, fiber composites are among the most important construction materials in lightweight design. Increasingly, attempts are being made to replace fossil raw materials with bio-based materials in order to improve their recyclability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While processes suitable for industrial use already exist for the production of biopolymers as matrix materials, there is still a considerable need for research in the production of bio-based reinforcing fibers. For hemp bast strips (HBS), promising utilization options arise due to very good mechanical properties. However, current processes for extracting such raw materials from bast fiber plants result in damage to the fiber structure because they use biochemical decomposition processes and/or squeeze and crush large disordered amounts of stalk along their entire length. This strongly reduces the application potential of the raw materials. A newly developed principle extracts the HBS with minimal impact by dividing single hemp stalks only at one end and then isolating them from the wood core by pulling on the resulting wood fragments. In this manner, the fiber structure and the good mechanical properties are largely retained and the HBS obtained can be stored in parallel alignment for further processing with little effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Decreased Protein C Pathway Activity in COVID-19 Compared to Non-COVID Sepsis: An Observational and Comparative Cohort Study.

Author

Rühl, Heiko, Bode, Christian, Becher, Tobias, Eckert, Sebastian, Mohsen, Ghaith, McRae, Hannah L., Müller, Jens, Reda, Sara, Loßnitzer, Dirk, Oldenburg, Johannes, Putensen, Christian, and Pötzsch, Bernd

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19, PROTEIN C, THROMBIN, SEPSIS
Abstract

Sepsis-associated coagulopathy increases risk of mortality. Impairment of the anticoagulant protein C (PC) pathway may contribute to the thrombotic phenotype in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sepsis. This study assessed the functionality of this pathway in COVID-19 and non-COVID sepsis by measuring its key enzymes, thrombin and activated PC (APC). The study population included 30 patients with COVID-19, 47 patients with non-COVID sepsis, and 40 healthy controls. In healthy controls, coagulation activation and subsequent APC formation was induced by 15 µg/kg recombinant activated factor VII one hour before blood sampling. APC and thrombin in plasma were measured using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays. The indirect thrombin markers prothrombin-fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were also measured. Compared with stimulated healthy controls, median thrombin, F1+2, and TAT levels were higher in patients with COVID-19 (up to 6-fold, p < 2 × 10−6) and non-COVID sepsis (up to 4.7-fold, p < 0.010). APC levels were 2.4-fold higher in patients with COVID-19 (7.44 pmol/L, p = 0.011) and 3.4-fold higher in non-COVID sepsis patients (10.45 pmol/L, p = 2 × 10−4) than in controls (3.08 pmol/L). Thrombin markers and APC showed correlation in both COVID-19 (r = 0.364–0.661) and non-COVID sepsis patients (r = 0.535–0.711). After adjustment for PC levels, median APC/thrombin, APC/F1+2, and APC/TAT ratios were 2-fold (p = 0.036), 6-fold (p = 3 × 10−7) and 3-fold (p = 8 × 10−4) lower in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID sepsis group, and the latter two were also lower in the COVID-19 group than in stimulated healthy controls. In conclusion, it was found that a comparatively lower anticoagulant APC response in COVID-19 patients as compared to non-COVID sepsis patients, potentially linked to endothelial dysfunction, contributes to the prothrombotic phenotype of COVID-19 sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Müller, Jens Daniel, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional

Published
2024
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20. A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Author

Resplandy, Laure LR, Hogikyan, A., Müller, Jens Daniel, Najjar, Raymond R.G., Hermann, W. Bange, Bianchi, Daniele, Weber, T., Cai, Wei-Jun, Doney, S. C., Fennel, Katja, Gehlen, Marion, Hauck, J., Lacroix, Fabrice, Landschutzer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Roobaert, Alizée, Schwinger, J., Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi T. T., Dai, Minhan, Gruber, Nicolas, Ilyina, Tatiana, Kock, A., Manizza, M., Lachkar, Z., Laruelle, Goulven Gildas, Liao, Enhui EL, Lima, I. D., Nissen, C, Rödenbeck, Christian, Séférian, Roland, Toyama, K., Tsujino, H., Regnier, Pierre A.G., Resplandy, Laure LR, Hogikyan, A., Müller, Jens Daniel, Najjar, Raymond R.G., Hermann, W. Bange, Bianchi, Daniele, Weber, T., Cai, Wei-Jun, Doney, S. C., Fennel, Katja, Gehlen, Marion, Hauck, J., Lacroix, Fabrice, Landschutzer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Roobaert, Alizée, Schwinger, J., Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi T. T., Dai, Minhan, Gruber, Nicolas, Ilyina, Tatiana, Kock, A., Manizza, M., Lachkar, Z., Laruelle, Goulven Gildas, Liao, Enhui EL, Lima, I. D., Nissen, C, Rödenbeck, Christian, Séférian, Roland, Toyama, K., Tsujino, H., and Regnier, Pierre A.G.

Abstract

The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is ∼60% larger in models (−0.72 vs. −0.44 PgC year−1, 1998–2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year−1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%–60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2024

21. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Abstract

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.

Published
2024

22. Earth Virtualization Engines (EVE)

Author

Faculteit Geowetenschappen, Stevens, Bjorn, Adami, Stefan, Ali, Tariq, Anzt, Hartwig, Aslan, Zafer, Attinger, Sabine, Bäck, Jaana, Baehr, Johanna, Bauer, Peter, Bernier, Natacha, Bishop, Bob, Bockelmann, Hendryk, Bony, Sandrine, Brasseur, Guy, Bresch, David N., Breyer, Sean, Brunet, Gilbert, Buttigieg, Pier Luigi, Cao, Junji, Castet, Christelle, Cheng, Yafang, Dey Choudhury, Ayantika, Coen, Deborah, Crewell, Susanne, Dabholkar, Atish, Dai, Qing, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Durran, Dale, El Gaidi, Ayoub, Ewen, Charlie, Exarchou, Eleftheria, Eyring, Veronika, Falkinhoff, Florencia, Farrell, David, Forster, Piers M., Frassoni, Ariane, Frauen, Claudia, Fuhrer, Oliver, Gani, Shahzad, Gerber, Edwin, Goldfarb, Debra, Grieger, Jens, Gruber, Nicolas, Hazeleger, Wilco, Herken, Rolf, Hewitt, Chris, Hoefler, Torsten, Hsu, Huang Hsiung, Jacob, Daniela, Jahn, Alexandra, Jakob, Christian, Jung, Thomas, Kadow, Christopher, Kang, In Sik, Kang, Sarah, Kashinath, Karthik, Kleinen-Von Königslöw, Katharina, Klocke, Daniel, Kloenne, Uta, Klöwer, Milan, Kodama, Chihiro, Kollet, Stefan, Kölling, Tobias, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kopp, Steve, Koran, Michal, Kulmala, Markku, Lappalainen, Hanna, Latifi, Fakhria, Lawrence, Bryan, Lee, June Yi, Lejeun, Quentin, Lessig, Christian, Li, Chao, Lippert, Thomas, Luterbacher, Jürg, Manninen, Pekka, Marotzke, Jochem, Matsouoka, Satoshi, Merchant, Charlotte, Messmer, Peter, Michel, Gero, Michielsen, Kristel, Miyakawa, Tomoki, Müller, Jens, Munir, Ramsha, Narayanasetti, Sandeep, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Nobre, Carlos, Oberg, Achim, Oki, Riko, Özkan-Haller, Tuba, Palmer, Tim, Posey, Stan, Prein, Andreas, Primus, Odessa, Pritchard, Mike, Pullen, Julie, Putrasahan, Dian, Quaas, Johannes, Raghavan, Krishnan, Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam, Rapp, Markus, Rauser, Florian, Reichstein, Markus, Revi, Aromar, Saluja, Sonakshi, Satoh, Masaki, Schemann, Vera, Schemm, Sebastian, Schnadt Poberaj, Christina, Schulthess, Thomas, Senior, Cath, Shukla, Jagadish, Singh, Manmeet, Slingo, Julia, Sobel, Adam, Solman, Silvina, Spitzer, Jenna, Stier, Philip, Stocker, Thomas, Strock, Sarah, Su, Hang, Taalas, Petteri, Taylor, John, Tegtmeier, Susann, Teutsch, Georg, Tompkins, Adrian, Ulbrich, Uwe, Vidale, Pier Luigi, Wu, Chien Ming, Xu, Hao, Zaki, Najibullah, Zanna, Laure, Zhou, Tianjun, Ziemen, Florian, Faculteit Geowetenschappen, Stevens, Bjorn, Adami, Stefan, Ali, Tariq, Anzt, Hartwig, Aslan, Zafer, Attinger, Sabine, Bäck, Jaana, Baehr, Johanna, Bauer, Peter, Bernier, Natacha, Bishop, Bob, Bockelmann, Hendryk, Bony, Sandrine, Brasseur, Guy, Bresch, David N., Breyer, Sean, Brunet, Gilbert, Buttigieg, Pier Luigi, Cao, Junji, Castet, Christelle, Cheng, Yafang, Dey Choudhury, Ayantika, Coen, Deborah, Crewell, Susanne, Dabholkar, Atish, Dai, Qing, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Durran, Dale, El Gaidi, Ayoub, Ewen, Charlie, Exarchou, Eleftheria, Eyring, Veronika, Falkinhoff, Florencia, Farrell, David, Forster, Piers M., Frassoni, Ariane, Frauen, Claudia, Fuhrer, Oliver, Gani, Shahzad, Gerber, Edwin, Goldfarb, Debra, Grieger, Jens, Gruber, Nicolas, Hazeleger, Wilco, Herken, Rolf, Hewitt, Chris, Hoefler, Torsten, Hsu, Huang Hsiung, Jacob, Daniela, Jahn, Alexandra, Jakob, Christian, Jung, Thomas, Kadow, Christopher, Kang, In Sik, Kang, Sarah, Kashinath, Karthik, Kleinen-Von Königslöw, Katharina, Klocke, Daniel, Kloenne, Uta, Klöwer, Milan, Kodama, Chihiro, Kollet, Stefan, Kölling, Tobias, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kopp, Steve, Koran, Michal, Kulmala, Markku, Lappalainen, Hanna, Latifi, Fakhria, Lawrence, Bryan, Lee, June Yi, Lejeun, Quentin, Lessig, Christian, Li, Chao, Lippert, Thomas, Luterbacher, Jürg, Manninen, Pekka, Marotzke, Jochem, Matsouoka, Satoshi, Merchant, Charlotte, Messmer, Peter, Michel, Gero, Michielsen, Kristel, Miyakawa, Tomoki, Müller, Jens, Munir, Ramsha, Narayanasetti, Sandeep, Ndiaye, Ousmane, Nobre, Carlos, Oberg, Achim, Oki, Riko, Özkan-Haller, Tuba, Palmer, Tim, Posey, Stan, Prein, Andreas, Primus, Odessa, Pritchard, Mike, Pullen, Julie, Putrasahan, Dian, Quaas, Johannes, Raghavan, Krishnan, Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam, Rapp, Markus, Rauser, Florian, Reichstein, Markus, Revi, Aromar, Saluja, Sonakshi, Satoh, Masaki, Schemann, Vera, Schemm, Sebastian, Schnadt Poberaj, Christina, Schulthess, Thomas, Senior, Cath, Shukla, Jagadish, Singh, Manmeet, Slingo, Julia, Sobel, Adam, Solman, Silvina, Spitzer, Jenna, Stier, Philip, Stocker, Thomas, Strock, Sarah, Su, Hang, Taalas, Petteri, Taylor, John, Tegtmeier, Susann, Teutsch, Georg, Tompkins, Adrian, Ulbrich, Uwe, Vidale, Pier Luigi, Wu, Chien Ming, Xu, Hao, Zaki, Najibullah, Zanna, Laure, Zhou, Tianjun, and Ziemen, Florian

Published
2024

23. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, Anton, Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, Anton, Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Published
2024
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24. Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014 [Dataset]

Author

European Commission, Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-088], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Sabine, Christopher L. [0000-0001-6945-8552], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Zhu, Donghe [0000-0002-6033-9079], Müller, Jens Daniel [jensdaniel.mueller@usys.ethz.ch], Müller, Jens Daniel, Gruber, Nicolas, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., Ishii, Masao, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Murata, Akihiko, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Sabine, Christopher L., Tanhua, Toste, Wanninkhof, Rik, Zhu, Donghe, European Commission, Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-088], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Sabine, Christopher L. [0000-0001-6945-8552], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Zhu, Donghe [0000-0002-6033-9079], Müller, Jens Daniel [jensdaniel.mueller@usys.ethz.ch], Müller, Jens Daniel, Gruber, Nicolas, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., Ishii, Masao, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Murata, Akihiko, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Sabine, Christopher L., Tanhua, Toste, Wanninkhof, Rik, and Zhu, Donghe

Abstract

This dataset consists of the estimated decadal changes in the oceanic content of anthropogenic CO2 (∆Cant) between 1994, 2004 and 2014 as described in detail in Müller et al. (2023, in press, AGU Advances). These estimates have been derived from the GLODAPv2.2021 product (Lauvset et al., 2021) using the eMLR(C*) method developed by Clement & Gruber (2018). The datasets contain in addition to the standard estimate also 10 sensitivity cases, which are intended to assess the robustness of the standard estimates to different changes in the estimation procedure. All estimates are provided on a horizontal grid with 1° x 1° resolution. Two primary files are provided: one containing the full three-dimensional distribution of ∆Cant and one containing the vertically integrated values, i.e., the column inventories

Published
2023

25. Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2.2023 (GLODAPv2.2023)

Author

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Kozyr, Alex [0000-0003-4836-8974], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko [0000-0002-1466-6386], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lo Monaco, Claire [0000-0002-5653-5018], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tilbrook, Bronte [0000-0001-9385-3827], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Lange, Nico [nlan@norceresearch.no], Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jones, Steve D., Lo Monaco, Claire, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Kozyr, Alex [0000-0003-4836-8974], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko [0000-0002-1466-6386], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lo Monaco, Claire [0000-0002-5653-5018], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tilbrook, Bronte [0000-0001-9385-3827], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Lange, Nico [nlan@norceresearch.no], Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jones, Steve D., Lo Monaco, Claire, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Abstract

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2023 data product composed of data from 1108 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2021. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), SF6, and various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 23 cruises to GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022, NCEI Accession 0257247). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers and SF6: 5%

Published
2023

26. Lattice Strain Accompanying the Colossal Magnetoresistance Effect in EuB6

Author

Manna, Rudra Sekhar, Das, Pintu, de Souza, Mariano, Schnelle, Frank, Lang, Michael, Müller, Jens, von Molnár, Stephan, and Fisk, Zachary

Subjects
Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

The coupling of magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom to the crystal lattice in the ferromagnetic semimetal EuB(6), which exhibits a complex ferromagnetic order and a colossal magnetoresistance effect, is studied by high-resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction experiments. EuB(6) may be viewed as a model system, where pure magnetism-tuned transport and the response of the crystal lattice can be studied in a comparatively simple environment, i.e., not influenced by strong crystal-electric field effects and Jahn-Teller distortions. We find a very large lattice response, quantified by (i) the magnetic Grüneisen parameter, (ii) the spontaneous strain when entering the ferromagnetic region, and (iii) the magnetostriction in the paramagnetic temperature regime. Our analysis reveals that a significant part of the lattice effects originates in the magnetically driven delocalization of charge carriers, consistent with the scenario of percolating magnetic polarons. A strong effect of the formation and dynamics of local magnetic clusters on the lattice parameters is suggested to be a general feature of colossal magnetoresistance materials.

Published
2014

27. Wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for progressing cavity pumps with deformable stator.

Author

Müller, Jens, Leonow, Sebastian, Schulz, Johannes, Hansen, Christian, and Mönnigmann, Martin

Subjects
*FLOW sensors, *ISOTHERMAL efficiency, *STATORS, *PUMPING machinery, *MECHANICAL abrasion, *DETECTORS, *ABRASIVES
Abstract

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. High‐resolution patterning on LTCC by transfer of photolithography‐based metallic microstructures.

Author

Supreeti, Shraddha, Fischer, Michael, Fritz, Mathias, and Müller, Jens

Abstract

The growing applications and constant miniaturization of electronic devices and of low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) in various fields, such as aviation, telecommunications, automotive, satellite communications, and military, have led to an increase in the demand for LTCC. Such prospects arise due to the continuous scaling down of components and high‐density interconnection in electronics packaging. This paper reports a technique for the transfer of high‐resolution microstructures from silicon substrates to LTCC. In this method, gold and copper patterns were formed by photolithography, electrodeposition, and residual layer stripping on silicon substrate. Lithography provides the opportunity to create and transfer complex patterns for use in several different applications and electroplating enables the use of pure metal for excellent electrical properties. The developed structures were transferred onto a top layer of LTCC tape using hot embossing. Then, the subsequent layers were stacked, laminated, and sintered. A resolution of 1.5 μm after free sintering and 4.5 μm after pressure‐assisted sintering was achieved. This distinctive method can be useful for several applications requiring high‐resolution and superior electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Functional determination of emicizumab in presence of factor VIII activity

Author

Hamedani, Nasim Shahidi, primary, Donners, Anouk Anna Marie Therese, additional, van Luin, Matthijs, additional, Gasper, Simone, additional, Rühl, Heiko, additional, Klein, Claudia, additional, Albert, Thilo, additional, EL Amrani, Mohsin, additional, Pötzsch, Bernd, additional, Oldenburg, Johannes, additional, and Müller, Jens, additional

Published
2023
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32. Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon From 1994 to 2014

Author

Müller, Jens Daniel, primary, Gruber, N., additional, Carter, B., additional, Feely, R., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Lange, N., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Murata, A., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Pérez, F. F., additional, Sabine, C., additional, Tanhua, T., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, and Zhu, D., additional

Published
2023
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33. Kinder- und Jugendhilfereport 2018: Eine kennzahlenbasierte Analyse

Author

Melanie Böwing-Schmalenbrock, Sandra Fendrich, Katharina Kopp, Christiane Meiner- Teubner, Thomas Mühlmann, Sylvia Müller, Jens Pothmann, Thomas Rauschenbach, Matthias Schilling, Agathe Tabel, Nadine Feller and Melanie Böwing-Schmalenbrock, Sandra Fendrich, Katharina Kopp, Christiane Meiner- Teubner, Thomas Mühlmann, Sylvia Müller, Jens Pothmann, Thomas Rauschenbach, Matthias Schilling, Agathe Tabel, Nadine Feller

Published
2019

34. Electronic phase separation due to magnetic polaron formation in the semimetallic ferromagnet EuB6 — A weakly-nonlinear-transport study

Author

Amyan, Adham, Das, Pintu, Müller, Jens, and Fisk, Zachary

Subjects
Colossal magnetoresistance, Magnetic polarons, Electronic phase separation, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Applied Physics
Abstract

We report measurements of weakly nonlinear electronic transport, as measured by third-harmonic voltage generation V 3ω, in the low-carrier density semimetallic ferromagnet EuB6, which exhibits an unusual magnetic ordering with two consecutive transitions at Tc1 = 15.6K and Tc2 = 12.5K. In contrast to the linear resistivity, the third-harmonic voltage is sensitive to the microgeometry of the electronic system. Our measurements provide evidence for magnetically-driven electronic phase separation consistent with the picture of percolation of magnetic polarons (MP), which form highly conducting magnetically ordered clusters in a paramagnetic and less conducting background. Upon cooling in zero magnetic field through the ferromagnetic transition, the dramatic drop in the linear resistivity at the upper transition Tc1 coincides with the onset of nonlinearity, and upon further cooling is followed by a pronounced peak in V 3ω at the lower transition Tc2. Likewise, in the paramagnetic regime, a drop of the material's magnetoresistance R(H) precedes a magnetic-fieldinduced peak in nonlinear transport. A striking observation is a linear temperature dependence of V3ωpeak. We suggest a picture where at the upper transition Tc1 the coalescing MP form a conducting path giving rise to a strong decrease in the resistance. The MP formation sets in at around T* ∼ 35K below which these entities are isolated and strongly fluctuating, while growing in number. The MP then start to form links at Tc1, where percolative electronic transport is observed. The MP merge and start forming a continuum at the threshold Tc2. In the paramagnetic temperature regime Tc1 < T < T*, MP percolation is induced by a magnetic field, and the threshold accompanied by charge carrier delocalization occurs at a single critical magnetization. © 2013 The Korean Physical Society.

Published
2013

35. Magnetically driven electronic phase separation in the semimetallic ferromagnet EuB6

Author

Das, Pintu, Amyan, Adham, Brandenburg, Jens, Müller, Jens, Xiong, Peng, von Molnár, Stephan, and Fisk, Zachary

Subjects
Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Combined measurements of fluctuation spectroscopy and weak nonlinear transport of the semimetallic ferromagnet EuB 6 reveal unambiguous evidence for magnetically driven electronic phase separation consistent with the picture of percolation of magnetic polarons (MP), which form highly conducting magnetically ordered clusters in a paramagnetic and "poorly conducting" background. These different parts of the conducting network are probed separately by the noise spectroscopy/nonlinear transport and the conventional linear resistivity. We suggest a comprehensive and "universal" scenario for the MP percolation, which occurs at a critical magnetization either induced by ferromagnetic order at zero field or externally applied magnetic fields in the paramagnetic region. © 2012 American Physical Society.

Published
2012

37. SIMPLIFICATION OF THE ROLLING CONTACT-RELATED LIFETIME CALCULATION OF PROFILED RAIL GUIDES WITH A POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION.

Author

STAROSZYK, Danny, MÜLLER, Jens, and IHLENFELDT, Steffen

Subjects
SUPERIMPOSED coding, FINITE element method, POLYNOMIALS, REGRESSION analysis, ELASTICITY
Abstract

The calculation of the lifespan of profile rail guides is an essential part in the design process of machines. Conventional lifespan models yield good results when calculating lifespan values under a homogeneous distribution of individual rolling contact forces on the raceways. In the case of an uneven load distribution, significantly too low lifespan values are calculated, resulting in a considerable loss of lifetime potential. The novel and experimentally validated rolling contact-based lifespan calculation (RCBL) takes the transferred force on each rolling element into account, resulting in more realistic lifespan values that can be up to 4 times higher than those obtained through the classical method. The disadvantage lies in the complex calculation of the necessary individual rolling contact forces, which until now has been done by using extensive finite element models, along with the computationally intensive optimization problem of the RCBL. To overcome these disadvantages, a method is introduced that efficiently calculates the individual rolling contact forces, taking into account all relevant system elasticities, and pre-solves the RCBL for a variety of potential superimposed load combinations. The results are subsequently approximated through an analytical multiparametric polynomial function and can be utilized with the conventional lifespan formula for rolling bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Simple Controller Tuning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Governors

Author

Dyrska, Raphael, Müller, Jens, Fikar, Miroslav, and Mönnigmann, Martin

Subjects
unmanned aerial vehicle, controller tuning, governor
Abstract

A simple governor-based controller tuning is implemented and tested for the application to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We show that the governor-based tuning approach enables the high-level tuning of the existing controller of the UAVs by using a single tuning parameter only. We implement the approach on two UAV platforms of different sizes and controller frameworks to prove the versatility of the given approach. The validation is performed with experimental data collected for the UAVs flying in the supervised environment of an indoor flight laboratory.

Published
2023
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40. Anti-drug antibodies against the PEG moiety inhibit the procoagulant activity of therapeutic PEGylated FVIII

Author

Pezeshkpoor, Behnaz, primary, Sereda, Nadja, additional, Berkemeier, Ann-Cristin, additional, Matuschek, Isabell, additional, Schwarz, Nadine, additional, Turecek, Peter. L., additional, Horneff, Silvia, additional, Klein, Claudia, additional, Goldmann, Georg, additional, Marquardt, Natascha, additional, Albert, Thilo, additional, Müller, Jens, additional, and Oldenburg, Johannes, additional

Published
2023
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42. Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018

Author

DeVries, Tim, Yamamoto, Kana, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan, Chau, Thi‐Tuyet‐Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David, Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Zeng, Jiye, DeVries, Tim, Yamamoto, Kana, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan, Chau, Thi‐Tuyet‐Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David, Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew, Yasunaka, Sayaka, and Zeng, Jiye

Abstract

This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985-2018, using a combination of models and observation-based products. The mean sea-air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is -1.6 +/- 0.2 PgC yr(-1) based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO(2) (pCO(2) products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at -2.1 +/- 0.3 PgC yr(-1) by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and -2.4 +/- 0.1 PgC yr(-1) by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 +/- 0.3 PgC yr(-1) of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of -0.61 +/- 0.12 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1), while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2-driven trend of -0.34 +/- 0.06 and -0.41 +/- 0.03 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1), respectively. This implies a climate-forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate-driven variability exceeding the CO2-forced variability by 2-3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate-driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods.

Published
2023
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43. Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Research Foundation - Flanders, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Research Council of Norway, Swiss National Science Foundation, Royal Society (UK), Devries, Timothy, Yamamoto, Kama, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan R., Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David R., Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew J., Yasunaka, Sayaka, Zeng, Jiye, National Science Foundation (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Research Foundation - Flanders, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Research Council of Norway, Swiss National Science Foundation, Royal Society (UK), Devries, Timothy, Yamamoto, Kama, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan R., Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David R., Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew J., Yasunaka, Sayaka, and Zeng, Jiye

Abstract

This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination of models and observation-based products. The mean sea-air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1 based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO2 (pCO2 products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at −2.1 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and −2.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of −0.61 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 decade−1, while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2-driven trend of −0.34 ± 0.06 and −0.41 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1 decade−1, respectively. This implies a climate-forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate-driven variability exceeding the CO2-forced variability by 2–3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate-driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods

Published
2023

44. Seasonal Variability of the Surface Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Synthesis

Author

National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, European Space Agency, Institute for Basic Science (South Korea), Research Council of Norway, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Ministry of the Environment (Japan), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Fassbender, Andrea J., Landschützer, Peter, Yamaguchi, Ryohei, Frenzel, Hartmut, Stein, Karl, Müller, Jens Daniel, Goris, Nadine, Sharma, Sahil, Bushinsky, Seth, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Gehlen, Marion, Gallego, M. Angeles, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ishii, Masao, Keppler, Lydia, Kim, Ji-Eun, Schlunegger, Sarah, Tjiputra, Jerry, Toyama, Katsuya, Ayar, Pradeebane Vaittinada, Velo, A., National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, European Space Agency, Institute for Basic Science (South Korea), Research Council of Norway, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Ministry of the Environment (Japan), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Fassbender, Andrea J., Landschützer, Peter, Yamaguchi, Ryohei, Frenzel, Hartmut, Stein, Karl, Müller, Jens Daniel, Goris, Nadine, Sharma, Sahil, Bushinsky, Seth, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Gehlen, Marion, Gallego, M. Angeles, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ishii, Masao, Keppler, Lydia, Kim, Ji-Eun, Schlunegger, Sarah, Tjiputra, Jerry, Toyama, Katsuya, Ayar, Pradeebane Vaittinada, and Velo, A.

Abstract

The seasonal cycle is the dominant mode of variability in the air-sea CO2 flux in most regions of the global ocean, yet discrepancies between different seasonality estimates are rather large. As part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2 project (RECCAP2), we synthesize surface ocean pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux seasonality from models and observation-based estimates, focusing on both a present-day climatology and decadal changes between the 1980s and 2010s. Four main findings emerge: First, global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) and observation-based estimates (pCO2 products) of surface pCO2 seasonality disagree in amplitude and phase, primarily due to discrepancies in the seasonal variability in surface DIC. Second, the seasonal cycle in pCO2 has increased in amplitude over the last three decades in both pCO2 products and GOBMs. Third, decadal increases in pCO2 seasonal cycle amplitudes in subtropical biomes for both pCO2 products and GOBMs are driven by increasing DIC concentrations stemming from the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant). In subpolar and Southern Ocean biomes, however, the seasonality change for GOBMs is dominated by Cant invasion, whereas for pCO2 products an indeterminate combination of Cant invasion and climate change modulates the changes. Fourth, biome-aggregated decadal changes in the amplitude of pCO2 seasonal variability are largely detectable against both mapping uncertainty (reducible) and natural variability uncertainty (irreducible), but not at the gridpoint scale over much of the northern subpolar oceans and over the Southern Ocean, underscoring the importance of sustained high-quality seasonally resolved measurements over these regions

Published
2023

45. Finding Competence Regions in Domain Generalization

Author

Müller, Jens, Radev, Stefan T., Schmier, Robert, Draxler, Felix, Rother, Carsten, Köthe, Ullrich, Müller, Jens, Radev, Stefan T., Schmier, Robert, Draxler, Felix, Rother, Carsten, and Köthe, Ullrich

Abstract

We investigate a "learning to reject" framework to address the problem of silent failures in Domain Generalization (DG), where the test distribution differs from the training distribution. Assuming a mild distribution shift, we wish to accept out-of-distribution (OOD) data from a new domain whenever a model's estimated competence foresees trustworthy responses, instead of rejecting OOD data outright. Trustworthiness is then predicted via a proxy incompetence score that is tightly linked to the performance of a classifier. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation of existing proxy scores as incompetence scores for classification and highlight the resulting trade-offs between rejection rate and accuracy gain. For comparability with prior work, we focus on standard DG benchmarks and consider the effect of measuring incompetence via different learned representations in a closed versus an open world setting. Our results suggest that increasing incompetence scores are indeed predictive of reduced accuracy, leading to significant improvements of the average accuracy below a suitable incompetence threshold. However, the scores are not yet good enough to allow for a favorable accuracy/rejection trade-off in all tested domains. Surprisingly, our results also indicate that classifiers optimized for DG robustness do not outperform a naive Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) baseline in the competence region, that is, where test samples elicit low incompetence scores., Comment: The paper has been published at TMLR (see https://openreview.net/forum?id=TSy0vuwQFN)

Published
2023

46. Functional determination of emicizumab in presence of factor VIII activity

Author

Apotheek Veiligheid en Kwaliteit, Apotheek Onderzoek, Apotheek Opleiding, Apotheek Klinische Farmacie, Apotheek KF TDM, CMM Groep Bos, Hamedani, Nasim Shahidi, Donners, Anouk Anna Marie Therese, van Luin, Matthijs, Gasper, Simone, Rühl, Heiko, Klein, Claudia, Albert, Thilo, EL Amrani, Mohsin, Pötzsch, Bernd, Oldenburg, Johannes, Müller, Jens, Apotheek Veiligheid en Kwaliteit, Apotheek Onderzoek, Apotheek Opleiding, Apotheek Klinische Farmacie, Apotheek KF TDM, CMM Groep Bos, Hamedani, Nasim Shahidi, Donners, Anouk Anna Marie Therese, van Luin, Matthijs, Gasper, Simone, Rühl, Heiko, Klein, Claudia, Albert, Thilo, EL Amrani, Mohsin, Pötzsch, Bernd, Oldenburg, Johannes, and Müller, Jens

Published
2023

47. Constraining regional and global ocean carbon fluxes 1985 to 2018 in RECCAP2

Author

Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Müller, Jens Daniel, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Canadell, Josep G., Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Müller, Jens Daniel, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, and Canadell, Josep G.

Abstract

Keeping global warming in line with the Paris Agreement requires rapid reductions in CO2 emissions. Tracking these reductions demands a thorough bookkeeping of natural and anthropogenic carbon fluxes. The second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2) activity of the Global Carbon Project aims to accurately assess land and ocean CO2 sources and sinks through the efforts of hundreds of scientists around the globe. For the ocean component, regional budgets are developed for the global ocean and five large regions for the period 1980-2018. In addition, four ‘special focus’ themes, namely the biological carbon pump, the seasonal cycle, the coastal ocean and model evaluation are addressed. We use state-of-the-art ocean models and observation-based datasets to provide robust estimates of regional CO2 budgets and constrain their uncertainties. Here, we will provide an overview of RECCAP2 activities, and showcase key results focusing on mean ocean carbon fluxes, and their trends and variability

Published
2023

48. An assessment of CO2 storage and sea-air fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea between 1985 and 2018 [Oral]

Author

Pérez, Fiz F., Gehlen, Marion, Tjiputra, Jerry, Olsen, Are, Becker, Meike, López-Mozos, Marta, Müller, Jens Daniel, Goris, Nadine, Hauck, Judith, Pérez, Fiz F., Gehlen, Marion, Tjiputra, Jerry, Olsen, Are, Becker, Meike, López-Mozos, Marta, Müller, Jens Daniel, Goris, Nadine, and Hauck, Judith

Abstract

The dynamic and thermohaline characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean linked to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) give it a specific role in the accumulation of heat and CO2, either of natural or anthropogenic origin (Cant), from the surface layer to the deep waters, significantly mitigating the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here, we evaluate the annual mean, long-term trends, seasonal cycle and interannual variability of net sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2) between 1985 and 2018 based on observation products (pCO2-products) and global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) for the Atlantic from 30ºS to the Nordic Seas (~79ºN) and the Mediterranean. The mean contemporary FCO2 (sum of anthropogenic and natural components) is estimated to be 0.362 ± 0.067 and 0.47 ± 0.15 Pg C yr-1 using pCO2-products and GOBMs, respectively. The GOBMs show consistent growth trends in CO2 uptake with rates similar to the atmospheric CO2 growth, however trends obtained from CO2-products show a sharp increase from the pre-2000 period to the post-2000 period. There is overall agreement between pCO2-products and GOBMs results for mean values, seasonal cycle and interannual variability in all biomes, except for the North Atlantic subpolar biome, where pCO2-products show lower mean values, larger trends, and a different seasonal cycle than GOBMs. The GOBMs and pCO2-products show very concordant values in equatorial and subtropical regions, where CO2 variability is strongly determined by temperature. For the period 1994-2007, GOBMs show concordant values in annual Cant storage rate with carbonate marine system observations (Gruber et al., 2019) with values of 0.506 ± 0.106 Pg C yr-1 vs 0.673 ± 0.066 Pg C yr-1, respectively. The Cant storage rate agreement between GOBMs and observations are also registered in the different biomes, although in both permanently stratified subtropical in North and South Atlantic biomes, the storage rates in GOBMs show a larger spread with their

Published
2023

49. RECCAP2-ocean: Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2

Author

Müller, Jens Daniel, Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Bastos, Ana, Poulter, Benjamin, Canadell, Josep G., Müller, Jens Daniel, Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Bastos, Ana, Poulter, Benjamin, and Canadell, Josep G.

Published
2023

50. Towards Context-Aware Domain Generalization: Understanding the Benefits and Limits of Marginal Transfer Learning

Author

Müller, Jens, Kühmichel, Lars, Rohbeck, Martin, Radev, Stefan T., Köthe, Ullrich, Müller, Jens, Kühmichel, Lars, Rohbeck, Martin, Radev, Stefan T., and Köthe, Ullrich

Abstract

In this work, we analyze the conditions under which information about the context of an input $X$ can improve the predictions of deep learning models in new domains. Following work in marginal transfer learning in Domain Generalization (DG), we formalize the notion of context as a permutation-invariant representation of a set of data points that originate from the same domain as the input itself. We offer a theoretical analysis of the conditions under which this approach can, in principle, yield benefits, and formulate two necessary criteria that can be easily verified in practice. Additionally, we contribute insights into the kind of distribution shifts for which the marginal transfer learning approach promises robustness. Empirical analysis shows that our criteria are effective in discerning both favorable and unfavorable scenarios. Finally, we demonstrate that we can reliably detect scenarios where a model is tasked with unwarranted extrapolation in out-of-distribution (OOD) domains, identifying potential failure cases. Consequently, we showcase a method to select between the most predictive and the most robust model, circumventing the well-known trade-off between predictive performance and robustness.

Published
2023

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