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A combined usage of animal and plant proteins-mixture could aid to solve environmental and social problems arising from the use of animal protein alone, while also improving the taste and texture of plant protein. Protein mixtures could be a better protein source due to the high availability of amino acids in the body compared with single proteins. Consuming proteins with probiotics can provide more beneficial health effects by helping to hydrolyze protein and absorb amino acids in the body. In this study, coadministration of an animal and plant protein mixture with a high concentration of probiotics was investigated to increase protein digestibility and amino acids absorbability in a mice model. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC 3501, which has the maximum ability to hydrolyze a protein mixture, composed of soybean protein and milk protein, was selected, and the changes in mice (C57BL/6J, male, six weeks) were investigated after the coadministration of protein mixture and 5 × 108 or 5 × 109 CFU/mL of L. plantarum for eight weeks. Normal diet, high-protein diet (HPD), and HPD supplementing L. plantarum were separately administered to mice. Food and water consumption of the mice did not differ depending on diet type. Measurements of the serum concentrations of amino acids showed that the absorption of aspartate, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, valine, and lysine increased when high concentrations of protein and probiotics were administered. Thus, high L. plantarum concentrations could be a protein diet supplementation to improve health by promoting the absorption of amino acids.

Melanogenesis is responsible for skin pigmentation and the enzymatic browning of foods. Tyrosinases play a major role in melanin synthesis, and many attempts have been made to identify new natural tyrosinase inhibitors, but few have sought to do in microbes. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by the metabolism of probiotics and have been reported to be safe and effective. In this study, we evaluated the tyrosinase inhibitory effects of culture supernatants of probiotics and discovered novel bacterial metabolites that can be used as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor based on metabolomics. Cultures of

Identification of probiotics is crucial to ensure the quality of food products manufactured at the industrial scale. Although various techniques have been introduced for bacterial identification, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) is generally accepted as a conventional method for bacterial identification. In this study, RAPD-PCR method was evaluated for the identification of eighteen commercial probiotic strains. In results, cellular and product (lyophilized) forms of each probiotic strain were successfully identified based on band intensities and size of the amplified genes. Therefore, RAPD-PCR method may be applied for the identification of lyophilized probiotics commercially available.

As consumption of healthy foods continues to garner remarkable public attention, ensuring probiotic safety has become a priority. In this study, the safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus IDCC 3302 was assessed in vitro and in vivo. L. acidophilus IDCC 3302 showed negative results for hemolytic and β-glucuronidase activities. The whole-genome analysis (WGA) revealed that L. acidophilus IDCC 3302 did not possess antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of L. acidophilus IDCC 3302 confirmed its safety concerning antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, L. acidophilus IDCC 3302 was demonstrated to be nontoxic in the oral toxicity test in rats. Therefore, the results suggested that L. acidophilus IDCC 3302 might be safe for human consumption.

Rural cancer disparities are associated with lesser healthcare access and screening adherence. The opioid epidemic may increase disparities as people who use drugs (PWUD) frequently experience healthcare-associated stigmatizing experiences which discourage seeking routine care. Rural PWUD were recruited to complete surveys and interviews exploring cancer (cervical, breast, colorectal, lung) risk, screening history, and healthcare experiences. From July 2020–July 2021 we collected 37 surveys and 8 interviews. Participants were 24.3% male, 86.5% White race, and had a mean age of 44.8 years. Females were less likely to report seeing a primary care provider on a regular basis, and more likely to report stigmatizing healthcare experiences. A majority of females reporting receiving recommendations and screens for cervical and breast cancer, but only a minority were adherent. Similarly, only a minority of males and females reported receiving screening tests for colorectal and lung cancer. Screening rates for all cancers were substantially below those for the US generally and rural areas specifically. Interviews confirmed stigmatizing healthcare experiences and suggested screening barriers and possible solutions. The opioid epidemic involves millions of individuals and is disproportionately experienced in rural communities. To avoid exacerbating existing rural cancer disparities, methods to engage PWUD in cancer screening need to be developed.

Background: While national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination estimates vary by sex, little is known about variation by gender identity. We sought to estimate HPV vaccination initiation and completion by gender identity among US young adults. Methods: We used 2018-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from individuals reporting both gender identity and HPV vaccination status. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with vaccination initiation and completion. Results: The 6,484 individuals included 3,300 cismales, 3,130 cisfemales, 31 transmales, and 23 transfemales. Vaccination initiation/completion were low, at 40.1% and 17.6%, respectively, and varied by gender identity: cismale=29.1%/9.6%, cisfemale=51.3%/25.8%, transmale=50.1%/5.9%, and transfemale=34.7%/13.0% (P Citation Format: Minjee Lee, Wiley D. Jenkins, Bettina Drake, Sarah Van Vickle-Chavez. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate by gender identity among US young adults [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A126.

The use of probiotics has been applied for a variety of fields (e.g., immune system, mental health, and heart). In this study, the feasibility of lysates from L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 for cosmetic ingredients was evaluated. More specifically, enhanced ceramides production in human epidermal keratinocytes by the lysates and its proposed machanism were investigated through in vitro and genome analysis. In results, enhanced spingomyelinase activity and thereby increased ceramides production by the lysates from L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was observed. Furthermore, it was found that the existence of glucosylceramdase in L. rhamonsus IDCC 3201 was attributed to enhanced ceramides production. Finally, it was verified that the lysates from L. rhamonsus IDCC 3201 was regarded as safe for its use as cosmetic materials. Thus, these findings have significant implications that might lead to the development of functional and safe cosmetic products from probiotics.

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC 3501 isolated from kimchi (Korean fermented food) and its safety. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with cell-free supernatant from L. plantarum IDCC 3501, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory markers (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was significantly reduced. In addition, the decreased cell viability by LPS was recovered and NO production in LPS-induced cell was also decreased. For the safety assessment, the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance and virulence were not detected from the genome analysis of this strain. Consistent with this, minimal inhibitory concentrations against various antibiotics, biogenic amines, and d-lactate production, as well as enzymatic and hemolysis activities, indicated that L. plantarum IDCC 3501 did not produce any harmful compounds during fermentation. Furthermore, no acute toxicity and mortality were observed in a murine mouse model. Based on our findings, L. plantarum IDCC 3501 is safe and beneficial for human consumption. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42770-021-00603-2.

Purpose Lactobacillus reuteri is one of the most largely studied human-commensal bacteria and widely used as a form of probiotics. Safety of probiotics has become increasingly important for human consumption due to increasing health-concerns in food industry. In this study, the safety of L. reuteri IDCC 3701 isolated from human breast milk was thoroughly investigated. Methods Whole-genome sequence analysis was performed to identify antibiotic resistance and toxigenicity of L. reuteri IDCC 3701. Phenotypic analysis such as minimal inhibitory concentration, β-hemolysis, extracellular enzyme activity, and the production of biological amines and L/D-lactate, was investigated. Finally, acute oral toxicity test was performed to access L. reuteri IDCC 3701 safety. Results Although multiple resistances to gentamicin and kanamycin were observed in L. reuteri IDCC 3701, it was revealed that these resistances are intrinsic and not transferable through whole-genome analysis. In addition, various phenotypic analysis concerning hemolysis, enzyme activity, and D-lactate production did not show any negative results. Although L. reuteri IDCC 3701 harbors a histidine decarboxylase gene, no biogenic amines were detected. Finally, L. reuteri IDCC 3701 exhibited no evidence of acute toxicity according to an in vivo study. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that L. reuteri IDCC 3701 is considered to be safe for human consumption as probiotics based on the in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Paeonia lactiflora was obtained by de novo assembly using next-generation sequencing. The circular molecule of the genome constituted of four parts, with 152,731 bp in the complete chloroplast genome, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,402 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,969 bp, and two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 25,680 bp each. The genome annotation predicted a total of 111 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the close taxonomical relationship to P. veitchii.

INTRODUCTION: This study explores how human papillomavirus vaccination initiation and completion among men and women aged 18–34 years varies by geographic region. METHODS: Data from the 2015–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Geographic regions for the selected states were defined as South, Northeast, and Midwest/West. Human papillomavirus vaccination initiation was defined as receipt of ≥1 dose and completion as receipt of ≥3 doses. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression models estimated the association between geographic region and vaccine uptake, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and healthcare factors. Analyses were performed in November 2019. RESULTS: A total of 18,078 adults were included in the study, 80% of whom resided in the South. The overall vaccination initiation rate was 23.4% and the completion rate was 11.0%. Initiation was higher among those who resided in the Northeast (38.6%), followed by Midwest/West (23.8%), and lowest for those in the South (21.8%) (p

Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) waived deductibles and eliminated coinsurance for colonoscopies for Medicare beneficiaries beginning in January 1, 2011. This study investigated the effect of the ACA&rsquo, s directive to remove the financial barriers on the receipt of colonoscopies among the elderly insured, who are predominantly covered by Medicare. Methods: Data from the 2008&ndash, 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to examine the receipt of colonoscopies in two years prior to the implementation of the ACA (2008 and 2010) and three years after the change (2012, 2014, and 2016). Multivariate logistic regressions were estimated to examine the change in colonoscopy use before and after the introduction of the ACA, adjusting for patient characteristics and availability of health care providers in the geographic region. Results: Of 349,899 eligible elderly insured in the age group 65 to 75 years, 236,275 (67.2%) had received a colonoscopy in the previous ten years. The receipt of colonoscopies increased from 63.5% in pre-ACA years to 69.2% in the post-ACA years (p &lt, 0.001). Compared with the pre-ACA period, the odds ratio of colonoscopy uptake in post-ACA years was 1.15 (95% CI = 1.08&ndash, 1.22). Conclusions: A statistically significant increase in colonoscopy use was observed in the post-ACA years. However, achieving the target coverage rate of 80% will require additional interventions to encourage higher levels of screenings.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) accounts for about 35,000 HPV-associated cancers per year. In the United States, a gender-neutral HPV vaccine was recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 2011 with the primary goal of preventing HPV-associated cancers. Although the HPV vaccine is safe and effective, vaccine uptake is low especially in young adult population. College students comprise the age-group with the highest risk of HPV infection. The HPV vaccines are thought to be most effective before initiation of sexual activity. However, there is a dearth of information on the association between HPV vaccine uptake and sexual activity among college students. This study examined if sexual naivety was associated with HPV vaccination uptake (initiation and completion) among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2021 among students at a Midwestern University. Sexual naivety was assessed with these questions: “Have you ever had vaginal sexual intercourse?”, and “Have you ever had oral sex?” Responses were categorized as “no oral or vaginal sex”, “had oral or vaginal sex”, or “had oral and vaginal sex”. The outcome variable was HPV vaccination uptake; initiation was defined as receipt of ≥1 dose, and completion as receipt of ≥3 doses. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the association between sexual naivety and vaccine uptake, adjusting for age, gender, race, relationship status, academic level, and rural-urban status. Results: Approximately 18% of students reported being sexually naïve. Overall, 45.5% had initiated the HPV vaccination, and 16.5% had completed the vaccination. After adjusting for covariates, compared to students who reported being sexually naïve, those that had ever had oral and vaginal sex were more likely to have initiated (aOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.41–3.39) the HPV vaccinations; however, no difference was observed for completion. Other factors associated with lower odds of HPV vaccination initiation included younger age (aOR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95), male sex (aOR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.23–0.45), rural residence (aOR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96), and freshman/sophomore academic level (aOR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.95). Only gender was associated with vaccination completion where male students were 74% less likely to have completed the series compared to female students. Conclusions: We show that 1-in-5 students were sexually naïve, and that 4-in-10 had initiated the HPV vaccination but only 16% had completed the series. Sexual naivety was an independent predictor of HPV vaccine initiation, with sexually naïve students less likely to have initiated the vaccination. Since sexually naïve students may benefit the most from receiving the HPV vaccination, targeted interventions should be implemented towards this population to help increase vaccination rates and prevent HPV-associated diseases. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Stacey L. McKinney, Maria C. Franca, Kelli D. Whittington, Valerie E. Boyer, Minjee Lee, Richard C. McKinnies, Sandra K. Collins. Association between sexual naivety and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-244.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with virtually all cases of cervical, 90% of anal, 69% of vaginal, 60% of oropharyngeal, 51% of vulvar, and 40% of penile cancers. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents between 11 and 12 years, and catch-up vaccination is also recommended for both males and females aged 13-26 years. College students not only fall in the age group at high risk for HPV infection but are also of childbearing age; thus, their awareness not only affects current vaccination rates but also those of the next generation. Therefore, understanding college students' awareness of the causal link between HPV and HPV-associated cancers is of great significance for the promotion of HPV vaccine uptake. The objectives of the study were to 1) describe the level of awareness of the link between HPV and HPV-associated cancers; and 2) identify factors associated with awareness. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study at a public Midwestern university. A previously validated questionnaire was distributed online to all students at the university from February to May 2021. The outcomes of interest were student's awareness that HPV causes certain cancers (anal, vaginal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, and penile). Students were asked if they knew whether HPV was causally link with those cancers, with response options ‘yes', ‘no' and ‘don't know'. Students who answered yes were categorized as aware and those who answered ‘no' and ‘don't know' were categorized as unaware. Five multivariable logistic regression models estimated the association between age, gender, race, relationship status, academic level, rural-urban status, sexual naivety; and awareness of the link between HPV and HPV-associated cancers. Results: A total of 862 students were included in the study. Approximately 34% were aware HPV causes anal, 39% were aware HPV cause oral, 38% were aware HPV cause penile, 53% were aware HPV cause vaginal, and 40% were aware HPV cause vulvar cancers. In multivariable analyses, males were less likely to be aware that HPV cause vaginal (aOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.30–0.59), or vulvar cancers (aOR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.38–0.77) compared to females. Compared with sexually naïve students, those who had have oral and vaginal sex were more likely to be aware that HPV cause anal (aOR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.17–3.34), penile (aOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.11–2.97), vaginal (aOR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.14–2.88), or vulvar (aOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.24–3.40) cancers. Conclusion: Overall awareness of the link between HPV and HPV-associated cancers were low, with roughly 4-in-10 students having awareness, except vaginal where half of students had awareness of the link. This underscores the need for more tailored interventions to increase knowledge about HPV and its association with cancer. Increasing students' levels of awareness may impact HPV vaccine uptake. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Maria C. Franca, Valerie E. Boyer, Minjee Lee, Kelli D. Whittington, Stacey L. McKinney, Sandra K. Collins, Richard C. McKinnies. Awareness of the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-associated cancers among university students [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-269.

The complete chloroplast genome of Paeonia cv. Hwang-Moran (PHM), a yellow flowering tree peony, was de novo assembled and characterized from high-throughput next-generation sequencing data. The total length of the circular PHM chloroplast genome was 152,519 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,214 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,026 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,640 bp. The entire chloroplast genome contained 111 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the PHM and related chloroplast genome sequences revealed its close taxonomic relationship with P. ludlowii within the genus Paeonia.

OBJECTIVES: Both obesity and obesogenic environments(OE) to induce the fat accumulation are being the risk factors of various metabolic diseases. By 6 year-cohort study, we found that MEK6 gene and salt intake were positively related with inducing obese as part of OE factors such as lifestyle, genes, and eating habits etc. Objectives of study are to find the effects of MEK6 gene and salt treatment on adipogenesis using MEK6 over-expressed 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS: After transformation for MEK6 over-expressed 3T3-L1 with lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, California, USA) was confirmed by PCR method, salt was treated as 50 mM in the form of NaCl without cytotoxicity (MTT assay). Cell differentiation and TG synthesis (Oil Red O; ORO & DAPI/Nile red staining), and protein expression (western blotting analysis) associated with adipogenesis genes (PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α & aP2) and adipocytokines (adiponectin & leptin) were performed. ELISA kits were used for estimating inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, MCP-1, PAI-1 etc. Real-time oxygen consumption in alive cells was measured every 17 seconds for 100 minutes. (Mito-Xpress O2 consumption array kit) All analyses were performed using SAS9.1 software and p-values of

Purpose: County-level health departments (HD) have lead roles in COVID-19 response, with actions guided by 15 federal capabilities We sought to assess Illinois HD perception of preparation and ability to accomplish these, and how perceptions might vary by population size and rurality Methods: We attempted contact with all 96 certified HD (4/6-24/2020) and administered a survey asking 4 identical questions regarding each capability: 1) adequacy of past preparation (pastPreparation);2) current ability to accomplish (currAbility);3) sufficiency of current resources (Resources);and 4) sufficiency of local cooperation and support (Cooperation;all Likert 1-5) Rurality was assessed with Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (levels 1-9;stratified as metropolitan [1-3] and nonmetropolitan [4-9]);and population data obtained from the Census Bureau T-test, chi-square and regression analyses were conducted with SAS Results: We received 34 surveys representing 40/100 counties with HDs (11 metropolitan and 23 nonmetropolitan) Respondents/non-respondents did not differ by population or rurality Ave-currAbility (currAbility averaged across all 15 capabilities) was positively associated with population (+3 57E-6;p=0 027), and nonmetropolitan counties reported significantly lower ave-Cooperation (3 37 [95% CI 3 16-3 57] vs 3 93 [3 47-4 38]) For individual capabilities, nonmetropolitan HDs reported significantly lesser Resources for capabilities #2-Community Recovery, #3-Emergency Operation Coordination, and #5-Fatality Management;and lesser Cooperation for #2, #8 and #9-Medical Countermeasure and Material Dispensing, #10-Medical Surge, and #15-Volunteer Management Conclusions: Though metropolitan areas experience greater numbers of COVID-19 cases, many rural communities experience comparably high infection rates Though statewide HD response is critical, many nonmetropolitan HDs report comparatively lesser ability to meet this challenge

OBJECTIVES: Obesogenic environments (OE) to induce the fat accumulation are also risk factors of related chronic diseases. In previous studies, the metabolic rate for energy consumption such as BMR and RMR were significantly correlated with obesity prevalence. Our purpose was to find the scientific evidences of the connection among energy consumption (BMR or RMR), genomics related to BMR or RMR, and obesity prevalence in children and adults. METHODS: Using Affymetrix® Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 Array, genes related with BMR/RMR and BMI were screened in children (n = 512) from the cohort study, and adult subjects (N = 77) from the cross-sectional study. The correlation or association between SNPs of those genes and obesity prevalence or OE was estimated by Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic regression. The data for family history, anthropometrics, blood biochemistry, dietary intakes and other OE were used in this study. RESULTS: Hsp40/C6 gene was highly associated with both of obesity (BMI) and (BMR/RMR) in children. However, Hsp40/C6 gene was not significantly confirmed in adults, and all significant genes derived from adults were not screened in children. We found that several OE and genes affect obesity prevalence in children or adults are different. We focused on the mutant types of five SNPs in Hsp40/C6 gene derived from children were associated with obesity by reducing energy consumption. CONCLUSIONS: We discovered the different genes related to energy consumption in obese children and adults. The mutation of Hsp40/C6 may change energy consumption and eventually induce obesity. These findings will contribute to find the mechanism of Hsp40/C6 gene on the fat accumulation in future. FUNDING SOURCES: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (2019R1A2C1008434).

Introduction: Although a few studies have examined screening uptake among sexual minority, almost none have examined it in the specific context of rural populations. Therefore, the objective was to assess how cancer screening utilization might vary by residence (rural versus urban) and sexual orientation. Methods: Publicly available population-level data from the 2014 and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were utilized. Study outcomes included recommended recent breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening receipt. Independent variables of interest were residence (rural/urban) and sexual orientation (heterosexual/gay/bisexual). Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the independent variables and the outcomes. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Results: Rates for all three screenings were lowest in rural areas and among sexual minority populations (cervical cancer among lesbians, rural at 64.8%; breast cancer among lesbians, rural at 66.8%; and CRC among bisexual, rural men at 52.4%). For CRC screening, both rural gay and heterosexual rural males were less likely to receive screening (aOR=0.45; 95%=0.24-0.73 and aOR=0.79; 95%=0.72-0.87, respectively) while only rural heterosexual females were less likely (aOR=0.87; 95%=0.80-0.94). For cervical cancer screening, heterosexuals were less likely to be screened (aOR=0.83; 95%=0.72-0.94), and there were no differences for breast cancer. Conclusions: We found that rural sexual minorities may experience disparities in cancer screening utilization associated with the compounding barriers of rural residence and sexual orientation. Further work is needed to identify factors influencing these disparities and how they might be addressed. Citation Format: Min Jee Lee, Wiley Jenkins, Eric Adjei Boakye. Cancer screening disparities among rural sexual minority individuals: Implication for prevention and policy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C119.

Background: Approximately 43,000 human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and 350,000 genital warts are diagnosed annually in the United States. The HPV vaccine can prevent HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, and catch-up vaccination up to 45 years recently. Despite the availability, safety, and efficacy of HPV vaccines, uptake has been suboptimal compared to other routine vaccinations in adolescents, and even worse for adults in the catch-up group. As little is known about geographic variation in HPV vaccine uptake among adults, we explored how HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates among 18–34 year olds (both men and women) varies by geographic region. Methods: We analyzed data from 16 states (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia) which conducted the adult HPV module survey during 2015–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Two variables were used to define geographic region: census region (South, Northeast and Midwest/west) and residential area (urban and rural). HPV vaccine initiation was defined as receipt of at least one dose of the vaccine and completion as receipt of three doses. Weighted, multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between geographic region and HPV vaccine uptake, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare utilization factors. Results: A total of 18,078 adults were included in the study, of whom 80% resided in the South. The overall HPV initiation and completion rates were 23.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Vaccine initiation was higher among those who resided in the Northeast (38.6%) followed by Midwest/west (23.8%) and lowest for those in the South (21.8%). But initiation rates was similar between those who reside in urban (24.1%) and rural (21.0%) areas. Completion rates followed the same trend as initiation for both census region and residential area. In the adjusted models, compared to adults residing in the South, those living in the Northeast were more likely to initiate (adjusted odds ratio: 2.14; 95 % CI: 1.81–2.53) and complete (1.80; 1.47–2.20) the HPV vaccine. There were no significant differences observed for initiation or completion by residential area. Conclusions: Both the South and the Northeast have low HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates compare to the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%, but vaccine uptake were significantly lower in the South region. No difference in HPV vaccine uptake was observed between the rural and urban areas. This demonstrates the need to develop and implement interventions programs to reduce geographical disparities in HPV vaccine uptake and ultimately to improve HPV vaccine uptake, especially in the South region. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Maggie Wang, Wiley D Jenkins, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Oluwole Babatunde, Min Jee Lee, Minjin Kim. Geographic variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion among adults in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C084.

Cancer survivors avoid necessary medications due to costs.To estimate the prevalence of cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) by age and insurance status over a number of years in a national sample of U.S. cancer survivors.Using the 1999-2012 National Health Interview Survey, we examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported CRN, that is, patient-reported inability to afford prescribed medications within the past 12 months, resulting in nonadherence among cancer survivors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify time trends in CRN among cancer survivors.In a nationally representative sample of 20,517 cancer survivors from 1999 to 2012, 1,788 (8.7%) survivors reported CRN, representing approximately 436,498 individuals nationally. CRN increased significantly from 11.8% (1999-2005) to 16.9% (2006-2012) among younger cancer survivors (P0.001). Among young cancer survivors (aged 45-64 years), the uninsurance rate was higher for those reporting CRN in the years 2006-2012 (48.5%) than in the earlier period (42.5%; P = 0.043). Among older cancer survivors, insurance coverage through Medicare only was lower for individuals reporting CRN in the years 2006-2012 (5.8%) than in the earlier period (7.8%; P = 0.0210). In adjusted models, younger cancer survivors without health insurance were more likely to report CRN than those with supplemental private insurance with Medicare, and older cancer survivors with Medicare only were more likely to report CRN than those with supplemental private insurance with Medicare.Increasing trends in CRN were evident among younger cancer survivors.No external funding was received for this work. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Study concept and design were contributed by Lee, along with Khan and Salloum. Lee collected the data, and data interpretation was performed by Lee, Khan, and Salloum. The manuscript was written primarily by Lee, with assistance from Khan and Salloum, and revised by Lee, Khan, and Salloum.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Paeonia lactiflora was obtained by de novo assembly using next-generation sequencing. The circular molecule of the genome constituted of four parts, with...

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the association of various demographic and socioeconomic factors with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We used nationally representative pooled data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007–2013. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We defined CKD as a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and 1304 of the 45 208 individuals included in the KNHANES were found to have CKD by this definition. The outcome variable was whether individual subjects adhered to the CKD prevention and management guidelines recommended by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidelines suggest that individuals maintain a normal weight, abstain from alcohol consumption and smoking, manage diabetes and hypertension, and engage in regular exercise in order to prevent and manage CKD. Results: This study found that individuals with CKD were more likely to be obese and have hypertension or diabetes than individuals without CKD. In particular, male and less-educated CKD patients were less likely to adhere to the guidelines. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of CKD, as indicated by the KNHANES data, decreased from 2007 to 2013, the prevalence of most risk factors associated with CKD fluctuated over the same time period. Since a variety of demographic and socioeconomic fac tors are related to the successful implementation of guidelines for preventing and managing CKD, individually tailored prevention activities should be developed.

Background Campanulaceae species are known to have highly rearranged plastid genomes lacking the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) subunit D gene (accD), and instead have a nuclear (nr)-accD. Plastid genome information has been thought to depend on studies concerning Trachelium caeruleum and genome announcements for Adenophora remotiflora, Campanula takesimana, and Hanabusaya asiatica. RNA editing information for plastid genes is currently unavailable for Campanulaceae. To understand plastid genome evolution in Campanulaceae, we have sequenced and characterized the chloroplast (cp) genome and nr-accD of Platycodon grandiflorum, a basal member of Campanulaceae. Results We sequenced the 171,818 bp cp genome containing a 79,061 bp large single-copy (LSC) region, a 42,433 bp inverted repeat (IR) and a 7840 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, which represents the cp genome with the largest IR among species of Campanulaceae. The genome contains 110 genes and 18 introns, comprising 77 protein-coding genes, four RNA genes, 29 tRNA genes, 17 group II introns, and one group I intron. RNA editing of genes was detected in 18 sites of 14 protein-coding genes. Platycodon has an IR containing a 3′ rps12 operon, which occurs in the middle of the LSC region in four other species of Campanulaceae (T. caeruleum, A. remotiflora, C. takesimana, and H. asiatica), but lacks accD, clpP, infA, and rpl23, as has been found in these four species. Platycodon nr-accD contains about 3.2 kb intron between nr-accD.e1 and nr-accD.e2 at the same insertion point as in other Campanulaceae. The phylogenies of the plastid genomes and accD show that Platycodon is basal in the Campanulaceae clade, indicating that IR disruption in Campanulaceae occurred after the loss of accD, clpP, infA, and rpl23 in the cp genome, which occurred during plastid evolution in Campanulaceae. Conclusions The plastid genome of P. grandiflorum lacks the rearrangement of the IR found in T. caeruleum, A. remotiflora, C. takesimana, and H. asiatica. The absence of accD, clpP, infA, and rpl23 in the plastid genome is a synapomorphic characteristic of Campanulaceae. The chloroplast genome phylogeny supports the hypothesis that chloroplast genomic arrangement occurred after accD nuclear transfer and loss of the four genes in the plastid of early Campanulaceae as a lineage of asterids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4014-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Plastid intron distribution in Campanulaceae species and other related taxa. ‘+’ indicates presence of the gene, ‘Ψ’ marks pseudo-copy of the gene, and ‘-’ indicates complete absence of the gene. ‘ΨΨ’ indicates two pseudo-copies of the gene. (DOCX 18 kb)

Plastid tRNA and rRNA gene distribution among Campanulaceae species. ‘+’ indicates presence of the gene, and ‘-’ indicates complete absence of the gene. ‘ΨΨ’ indicates two pseudo-copies of the gene. The number of ‘+’ indicates the copy number of the gene. (DOCX 16 kb)

Cytidine (C) to uridine (U) editing sites in the chloroplast genome of Platycodon validated by RNA-Seq data from leaf, root, stem, seed, petal, pistil, sepal, and stamen. (DOCX 21Â kb)