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Risk management has become crucial for organizations in the current era. Therefore, this study assesses the impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) on an organization’s performance and examines how knowledge management and technology adoption mediate this impact, along with the moderating effect of supply chain resilience based on the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory. Utilizing a questionnaire-based survey, data were collected from 297 respondents in Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, and Dong Nai, Vietnam, by cluster random sampling. The data were statistically analyzed using the partial least squares method. The results indicated a positive effect of ERM on financial performance, while the association with non-financial performance lacked significance. Knowledge management and technology adoption fully mediated the positive impact of ERM on non-financial performance and partially mediated its relationship with financial performance. Furthermore, supply chain resilience strengthened the positive link between ERM and financial performance. In conclusion, these findings contribute to advancing the comprehension of the mechanisms and dynamics involved in knowledge management and technology adoption as mediators and supply chain resilience as a moderator, regarding an emerging country. The study enriches the risk management literature and significantly contributes to enhancing firm effectiveness.

The investigation in three groups of pomelo trees (good, average, bad) was conducted. Each group included 15 orchards. The number of soil samples collected for analysis is 15 samples × 2 depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) × 3 groups of plants = 90 soil samples. The results indicated that the soil texture of the good pomelo orchard group and the average pomelo orchard group is silty clay loam, and the bad pomelo orchard group has a silty clay. The average pH value in the bad pomelo orchard group is lower than the average pomelo orchard group and the good pomelo orchard group at both soil depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The soil EC of the three groups of pomelo orchards is not different at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm and does not affect the plants. The average organic matter content at both soil depths 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm of the good pomelo orchard group shows the highest organic matter value. Soil bulk density in the group of bad pomelo orchards had the highest value at both depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The porosity of the good pomelo orchard group has the highest value at two depths, 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. Field capacity of good pomelo orchards have the highest values at both depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The K sat at a depth of 0–15 cm of the good pomelo orchard group is quite slow, while the average pomelo orchard group and the bad pomelo orchard group are at a slow level. The bad physical and chemical properties had negative effects on pomelo growth.

Teacher professional development (TPD) is an important component of enhancing student learning and school education quality. Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training is reforming education, including curricula, teaching methods, and textbooks. Many requirements have to been done to effectively implement the reform, and TPD is considered a significant contribution. Using data from an in-depth interview with the principal, teacher questionnaires, and school policy-related documents, this qualitative case-study research in a selected high school for gifted students in Central Vietnam aimed to find out how TPD had been implemented in response to education reforms in Vietnamese high schools. TPD was widely perceived and respected by the principal and teachers in this case study, and these positive perspectives were transferred into practice with numerous effectively employed TPD strategies at this high school for students' enhanced learning and achievements.

Background: Refractory anaphylaxis poses an ongoing, lethal hypersensitivity response that unpredictably involves multiple organs despite appropriate intramuscular (IM) adrenaline injections. Studies on the association of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) concerning anaphylactic severity have yet to be carried out. The study aimed to evaluate the association between blood PLR and NLR levels and refractory anaphylaxis. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study in which medical records of patients with anaphylaxis who sought urgent care at the Emergency Department (ED) of Tertiary Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, were evaluated. Based on the United Kingdom Resuscitation Council guidelines in 2021, patients were classified as refractory anaphylaxis if they needed more than two appropriate doses of intramuscular adrenaline for anaphylactic symptoms resolution. Clinical data and laboratory results were obtained in the medical records. Logistic regression analysis determined the association between contributing factors and refractory anaphylaxis. Results: One-hundred eighteen adults (age 51.80 ± 18.25 years) were analyzed, including 38 refractory anaphylaxis patients (32.2%). Refractory anaphylaxis patients exhibited notably elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (P = 0.006) and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P

Potassium (K) is immobilized within the clay minerals, making it unavailable for plant use. Therefore, the current study aimed to (i) select isolates of purple nonsulfur bacteria that can dissolve K (K-PNSB) and (ii) evaluate the production of plant-growth-promoting substances by the K-PNSB isolates. The results revealed that from in-dyked alluvial soils in hybrid maize fields, 61 K-PNSB isolates were obtained under the pH 5.50 conditions. The total dissolved K content (Kdis) by the 61 K-PNSB isolates fluctuated from 56.2 to 98.6 mg L−1. Therein, three isolates, including M-Sl-09, M-So-11, and M-So-14 had Kdis of 48.1–48.8 mg L−1 under aerobic dark condition (ADC) and 47.6–49.7 mg L−1 under microaerobic light condition (MLC). Moreover, these three isolates can also fix nitrogen (19.1–21.5 mg L−1 and 2.64–7.24 mg L−1), solubilize Ca-P (44.3–46.8 mg L−1 and 0.737–6.965 mg L−1), produce indole-3-acetic acid (5.34–7.13 and 2.40–3.23 mg L−1), 5-aminolevulinic acid (1.85–2.39 and 1.53–2.47 mg L−1), siderophores (1.06–1.52 and 0.92–1.26 mg L−1), and exopolymeric substances (18.1–18.8 and 52.0–56.0%), respectively, under ADC and MLC. The bacteria were identified according to their 16S rDNA as Cereibacter sphaeroides M-Sl-09, Rhodopseudomonas thermotolerans M-So-11, and Rhodospeudomonas palustris M-So-14. These potential bacteria should be further investigated as a plant-growth-promoting biofertilizer.

We have previously demonstrated the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy of flavokawain A (FKA), a novel chalcone from the kava plant, in prostate carcinogenesis models. However, the mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic effects of FKA remain largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of FKA on prostate tumor spheroid formation by prostate cancer stem cells, which were sorted out from CD44+/CD133+ prostate cancer cells 22Rv1 and DU145. FKA treatment significantly decreased both the size and numbers of the tumor spheroids over different generations of spheroid passages. In addition, the dietary feeding of FKA-formulated food to Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice bearing CD44+/CD133+ 22Rv1 xenograft tumors resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth compared to those fed with vehicle control food-fed mice. Furthermore, the expression of stem cell markers, such as Nanog, Oct4, and CD44, were markedly downregulated in both tumor spheroids and tumor tissues. We also observed that FKA inhibits Ubc12 neddylation, c-Myc, and keratin-8 expression in both CD44+/CD133+ prostate tumor spheroids and xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that FKA can reduce the tumor-initiating properties and stemness of prostate cancer, which provides a new mechanism for the chemoprevention efficacy of FKA.

The aim of the current study was to assess the potency of the exopolymeric substances (EPS)-secreting purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) on rice plants on acidic salt-affected soil under greenhouse conditions. A two-factor experiment was conducted following a completely randomized block design. The first factor was the salinity of the irrigation, and the other factor was the application of the EPS producing PNSB (Luteovulum sphaeroides EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54), with four replicates. The result illustrated that irrigation of salt water at 3–4‰ resulted in an increase in the Na+ accumulation in soil, resulting in a lower rice grain yield by 12.9–22.2% in comparison with the 0‰ salinity case. Supplying the mixture of L. sphaeroides EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54 increased pH by 0.13, NH4+ by 2.30 mg NH4+ kg−1, and available P by 8.80 mg P kg−1, and decreased Na+ by 0.348 meq Na+ 100 g−1, resulting in improvements in N, P, and K uptake and reductions in Na uptake, in comparison with the treatment without bacteria. Thus, the treatments supplied with the mixture of L. sphaeroides EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54 resulted in greater yield by 27.7% than the control treatment.

This study aimed to explore the spatial interaction between search flow and house price levels. It utilized migration flow data from 2011 and house price data from the same year in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. The methodology included Chi-square tests and a series of visual maps to explore and visualize the relationship between current areas and search areas. The study examined five house price ranges with matches and mismatches between search patterns and current patterns and tried to illuminate the underlying causes. The research results could prove beneficial for policymakers and planners in discerning distinct migratory patterns and geographical regions, thereby facilitating the formulation of well-informed decisions.

Profound technological changes and high network levels have triggered competitive innovations and leadership style among firms. However, few studies have explored the leadership style needed to innovate within the duality of coopetition capabilities and in-learning. Therefore, the authors explore how leadership style affects innovation performance in the context of financial service firms. Using a PLS analytical approach and dynamic capability perspective (DCP), the authors find that coopetition capability positively mediates the relationship between leadership style and innovation performance. The finding also indicates that in-learning negatively moderates the relationship between coopetition capability and innovation performance.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against wild pathogen Fusarium oxysporum F.28.1A, which causes wilt disease on sesame. Twenty-six isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated from soil samples were tested to control F. oxysporum F.28.1A. Prescreening showed that five isolates were T-02B1, T-18B2, T-20B1, T-28B1, and T-29A1, based on the lowest values of colony radius of F. oxysporum F.28.1A. The selected isolates were identified by their ITS region as T. yunnanense T-02B1, T. lentiforme T-18B2, T. asperellum T-20B1, T. hamatum T-28B1, and T. hamatum T-29A1, with similarities around 96–100%. The isolates selected were able to produce enzymes including chitinase, exo-β-1,3-glucanase, and endo-β-1,3-glucanase at levels of 0.34–0.44, 0.017–0.034, and 0.032–0.121 UI · ml –1, respectively, which were considered to be a mechanism to prevent the growth of F. oxysporum F.28.1A. The isolates tested were applied in soil pots to prevent damage from F. oxysporum F.28.1A as a following experiment. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments, including a negative control, application of only F. oxysporum F.28.1A, application of both F. oxysporum F.28.1A and fungicide chemicals, application of both F. oxysporum F.28.1A and Trichoderma spp. DHCT, application of T. yunnanense T-02B1, application of T. lentiforme T-18B2, application of T. asperellum T-20B1, application of T. hamatum T-28B1, application of T. hamatum T-29A1 and a mixture of the five selected isolates of Trichoderma spp. with their total population equal to that in individual strain application. The results showed that the five mixed isolates of Trichoderma had a synergistic effect on the reduction of the disease’s prevalence by 35% compared to the negative control treatment.

Gartanin, a 4-prenylated xanthone, has been identified from the purple mangosteen fruit as a potent growth inhibitor of various cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer. However, much of Gartanin's anticancer mechanism remains unknown. We have discovered that Gartanin docked onto the regulatory subunit of the precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8)-activating enzyme (NAE) complex and next to the NEDD8 binding complex, which leads to inhibit NEDD8 conjugations to both Cullin1 and Ubc12 in prostate cancer cell lines and Ubc12 NEDDylation in an in vitro assay. The S phase kinase-associated protein (Skp2) and F-box and WD-repeat domain-containing 2 (FBXW2), the NEDD8 family members of E3 ubiqutin ligases, were also downregulated and upregulated by Gartainin, respectively. Knock-down of NEDD8 expression by short harpin (Sh) RNAs blocked or attenuated these effects of Gartainin. Finally, Gartanin demonstrated its ability to inhibit growth of prostate cancer lines via autophagy initiation. Our data support that Gartanin is a naturally occurring NEDDylation inhibitor and deserves further investigation for prostate cancer prevention and treatment.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine how the leadership competencies of frontline managers influence the organizational commitment of their subordinates. The study further examines the relationship between the dominant (strongest) competency and organizational commitment and how this relationship is mediated by leadership consistency. Design - Data were collected from employees in seven hotels in two cities using a multilevel scale for competencies and standardized scales for leadership consistency and commitment. Construct validity of the hospitality leadership competency model (HLCM) was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. A stepwise analysis was run to identify dominant competencies (predictors). Finally, a moderated mediation model was tested. Methodology - This research adopted a quantitative approach to collect and analyse the data. Findings - All competencies were highly and positively related to organizational commitment, with team leadership being the dominant competency and predictor. A moderated mediation mechanism analysis shows that leadership consistency mediated the relationship between team leadership and organizational commitment, but this relationship was slightly attenuated by team size. Originality - The study contributes to (1) validating the HLCM at the frontline level and from the employees’ perspective, (2) quantifying the relationships between organizational commitment and leadership competencies, especially team leadership under the mediating effect of leadership consistency, and (3) creating several evidence-based implications for hospitality educators, employers, and managers.

Purpose. Saltwater intrusion affected seriously the livelihood of mangosteen growers in Ben Tre, a coastal province in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta in 2016. This study assesses how saltwater intrusion influenced the livelihood vulnerability of the mangosteen households and communities. Methodology / approach. This study used the United Nations’ Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and a similar index from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) using data from 196 interviewed mangosteen growers in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province in 2016 and 2018. A total of twenty-five (25) indicators are applied to calculate the two indices, using data as exposure to saltwater intrusion and natural hazards (5), socio-demographic factors (11), and sensitivity of health, finance, and source of water for domestic use (9). Results. The analysis results show that mangosteen-growing households had a medium vulnerability in 2016 and 2018 based on both indices. However, they were extremely vulnerable due to saltwater intrusion in 2016, and a high household percentage had a moderate value in the vulnerability index. They did not experience how to respond to saltwater intrusion and received a late warning on saltwater intrusion from the local authorities and media. However, mangosteen-growing households had a quick adaptive behavior to shift to new crops to improve their income in 2018. Originality / scientific novelty. The study provides a set of indicators to assess the vulnerability of this low-vulnerable area based on past studies as well as the actual situation of the study area in 2016 and 2018 to determine what factors influenced the main components, LVI and LVI – IPCC. These indicators represented the characteristics of the rural households in Vietnam and other Asian countries. This research also indicated how LVI and LVI – IPCC results differently and when they should be used. The analysis identified the factors influencing the LVI and LVI – IPCC by levels of saltwater intrusion in different years of 2016 and 2018, two different severe and less severe sites, adaptive and non-adaptive households, and their interaction. Practical value / implications. LVI and LVI-IPCC are good indicators for local and regional assessments on how saltwater intrusion and natural hazards affect households’ and communities’ livelihood and thereby how to guide them to respond promptly in such cases.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of boron (B) to obtain the highest growth, yield, and oil content of black sesame. A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. Treatments included foliar application of B at five rates: control, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L−1 at 25 and 35 days after sowing. Results showed that spraying B on leaves increased sesame growth in terms of plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. Moreover, spraying B increased yield components including the number of pods; the highest pods per plant was 46.2 in the B application treatment with 150 mg L−1 compared to the control with 27.2 pods per plant. The grain yield of the B spray treatment produced 1.10–1.32 t ha−1, with the highest yield at the dose of 150 mg L−1 and the lowest yield at no B spray treatment. Spraying B on leaves at optimal concentration also increased the oil content in seeds up to 5.3% compared to the control treatment. The findings of the study suggest that foliar B application with 150 mg L−1 increases the growth, fruit set, seed yield, and oil content in sesame.

Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practice (VietGAP) has been introduced in many provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to enhance the competitive advantage to fruit growers, including Idor longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) growers, to explore the stricter domestic and export markets and increase the income of the fruit growers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This article presents a case study on the impacts of adopting VietGAP on the income of fruit growers (Idor longan) in the Mekong Delta by applying both T-test and Propensity Score Matching of 180 VietGAP and non-VietGAP adopters. The results show that applying VietGAP can reduce production cost, increase revenue, and profit to fruit growers. This is evidence to prove the benefits of adopting VietGAP and encourage the expansion of VietGAP to many fruits and other agricultural sectors in Vietnam.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effects of members of purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB), Rhodopseudomonas palustris strains of VNW02, TLS06, VNW64, and VNS89, mixed with spent rice straw (SRS) from mushroom cultivation as a carrier on promoting sesame growth and yield, and ameliorating the alluvial soil (AS) fertility in dykes. A 4 × 3 factorial experiment consisting of different levels of the solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at 0, 3, 4, and 5 t·ha−1 (0, 1.81 × 108, 2.24 × 108, and 2.68 × 108 cells pot−1, respectively), and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inorganic fertilizer rates (100, 75, and 50 kg·N·ha−1; 60, 45, and 30 kg P2O5·ha−1, respectively) was performed in pots with the sesame variety of ADB1 in the dyked AS. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at at least 3 t·ha−1 significantly enhanced the sesame seed yield by providing higher macronutrients for plants by increasing available N and soluble P concentrations in the soil. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in addition to 75% of the recommended N and P fertilizers produced an equivalent yield in comparison to the utilized 100% of N and P inorganic fertilizers. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in the SRS from the mushroom production reduced at least 25% of N and P chemical fertilizers for gaining the maximal seed yield and enriched soil characteristics for the sustainable black sesame cultivation in the dyked AS.

The trend of the next generation of the internet has already been scrutinized by top analytics enterprises. According to Gartner investigations, it is predicted that, by 2024, 75% of the global population will have their personal data covered under privacy regulations. This alarming statistic necessitates the orchestration of several security components to address the enormous challenges posed by federated and distributed learning environments. Federated learning (FL) is a promising technique that allows multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. However, even though FL is seen as a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning method, recent works have demonstrated that FL is vulnerable to some privacy attacks. Homomorphic encryption (HE) and differential privacy (DP) are two promising techniques that can be used to address these privacy concerns. HE allows secure computations on encrypted data, while DP provides strong privacy guarantees by adding noise to the data. This paper first presents consistent attacks on privacy in federated learning and then provides an overview of HE and DP techniques for secure federated learning in next-generation internet applications. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques in different settings as described in the literature, with a particular focus on the trade-off between privacy and convergence, as well as the computation overheads involved. The objective of this paper is to analyze the challenges associated with each technique and identify potential opportunities and solutions for designing a more robust, privacy-preserving federated learning framework.

Stem-end rot disease has been causing damage to the production of pomelos in Vietnam. The cur-rent study aimed to (i) isolate fungal pathogens causing pomelo stem-end rot disease (PSERD) and (ii) discover Trichoderma spp. that had an antagonistic ability against pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungi causing PSERD were isolated from pomelo fruits with symptoms of stem-end rot disease and collected from pomelo farms in Ben Tre province, Vietnam. Moreover, 50 fungal strains of Trichoderma spp. also originated from soils of these pomelo farms in Ben Tre province and were dual-tested with the fungal pathogen on the PDA medium. The results demonstrated that 11 pathogenic fungi causing PSERD were isolated from the fruit and showed mycelial growth of roughly 5.33–8.77 cm diameter at 72 h after inoculation. The two fungi that exhibited the fast-est growth, namely, S-P06 and S-P07, were selected. ITS sequencing of the S-P06 and S-P07 fungi resulted in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. All the 50 Trichoderma spp. strains were allowed to antago-nize against the S-P06 and S-P07 strains under in vitro conditions. The greatest antagonistic effi-ciency was found in Trichoderma spp. T-SP19 at 85.4–86.2% and T-SP32 at 84.7–85.4%. The two antagonists were identified as Trichoderma asperellum T-SP19 and T-SP32. The selected strains of Trichoderma asperellum were potent as a biological control for fruit plants.

Potassium (K) is immobilized within the clay minerals, making it unavailable for plant use. Therefore, the current study aimed to (i) select isolates of purple nonsulfur bacteria that can dissolve K (K-PNSB) and (ii) evaluate the production of plant-growth-promoting substances by the K-PNSB isolates. The results revealed that from in-dyked alluvial soils in hybrid maize fields, 61 K-PNSB isolates were obtained under the pH 5.50 conditions. The total dissolved K content (Kdis) by the 61 K-PNSB isolates fluctuated from 56.2 to 98.6 mg L−1. Therein, three isolates, including M-Sl-09, M-So-11, and M-So-14 had Kdis of 48.1–48.8 mg L−1 under aerobic dark condition (ADC) and 47.6–49.7 mg L−1 under microaerobic light condition (MLC). Moreover, these three isolates can also fix nitrogen (19.1–21.5 mg L−1 and 2.64–7.24 mg L−1), solubilize Ca-P (44.3–46.8 mg L−1 and 0.737–6.965 mg L−1), produce indole-3-acetic acid (5.34–7.13 and 2.40–3.23 mg L−1), 5-aminolevulinic acid (1.85–2.39 and 1.53–2.47 mg L−1), siderophores (1.06–1.52 and 0.92–1.26 mg L−1), and exopolymeric substances (18.1–18.8 and 52.0–56.0%), respectively, under ADC and MLC. The bacteria were identified according to their 16S rDNA as Cereibacter sphaeroides M-Sl-09, Rhodopseudomonas thermotolerans M-So-11, and Rhodospeudomonas palustris M-So-14. These potential bacteria should be further investigated as a plant-growth-promoting biofertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is the main constraint for crop growth worldwide. Selenium reportedly plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to drought stress. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar selenium application on the drought tolerance of sesame. Five selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) were used in the first experiment. Water deficit was triggered 25 days after sowing. The application of 5 or 10 mg/L of selenium maintained the number of leaves and increased the number of capsules. However, higher concentrations induced necrosis. The second experiment aimed to study the effect of selenium concentrations (5 and 10 mg/L) and the number of applications (one to three times). Drought stress was triggered 50 days after sowing, and selenium was sprayed 50, 55, and 60 days after sowing. The results indicated that a one-time foliar selenium application of 5 mg/L was able to maintain the number of leaves and to increase proline accumulation, plant biomass, and grain weight per plant. This finding confirms that selenium can be applied to enhance sesame’s tolerance to drought stress.

The present study aimed to identify the abilities of the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) producing purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB), Luteovulum sphaeroides W22 and W47, to reduce the Na+ concentration, and to ameliorate the soil fertility, nutrients uptake, growth and yield of rice on the salt-contaminated soil. A two-factor experiment was conducted following a completely randomized block design. The factors were the frequency of applying saline irrigation (zero, one, two, three and four times) and the ALA-producing PNSB supplementation (applying only W22, only W47 and mixed W22 + W47). The results revealed that supplying the PNSB mixture not only reduced the proline content but also increased the plant height, number of panicles per pot, percentage of filled seeds, contents of NH4+, PO43−, total N, P uptake and grain yield. The mixed PNSB application also reduced the Na content and the total Na uptake in plants. L. sphaeroides W22 and W47 decreased the proline content by 31.3% and increased the grain yield by 27.2% in the condition of applying 5‰ saline irrigation four times.