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1. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolate with the TR34/L98H mutation in both a fungicide-sprayed field and the lung of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with invasive aspergillosis

Author

Gabriel Reboux, Laurence Millon, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Etienne Daguindau, Steffi Rocchi, Eric Deconinck, Frédéric Grenouillet, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Stéphane Bretagne, service de parasitologie mycologie CHU Jean Minjoz BESANCON, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon) - hopital Jean Minjoz, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (HOTE GREFFON), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté]), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -hopital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Azoles, Male, Antifungal Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Mycology, medicine.disease_cause, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Fungal Proteins, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, medicine, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, skin and connective tissue diseases, Lung, Voriconazole, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Mutation, biology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Transplant Recipients, Fungicides, Industrial, Fungicide, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Azole, medicine.drug
Abstract

A French farmer developed invasive aspergillosis with azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus with the TR34/L98H mutation following a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He had worked in fungicide-sprayed fields where a non-genetically related A. fumigatus TR34/L98H isolate was collected. If azole resistance detection increases, voriconazole as first-line therapy might be questioned in agricultural areas.

Published
2014

2. Populations at risk for alveolar echinococcosis, France

Author

Piarroux, Martine, Piarroux, Renaud, Knapp, Jenny, Bardonnet, Karine, Dumortier, Jérôme, Watelet, Jérôme, Gerard, Alain, Beytout, Jean, Abergel, Armand, Bresson-Hadni, Solange, Gaudart, Jean, Surveillance Network, Francechino, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Hospices Civiles de Lyon-Hôpital Edouard Heriault, Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'hépatologie, CHU Etaing, Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -ORS PACA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux ( I2M ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU) - ORS PACA - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Hospices Civiles de Lyon - Hôpital Edouard Heriault, Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Arts et Métiers ParisTech - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand - Hôpital d'Estaing, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Veterinary medicine, communicable disease prevention and control, MESH : Retrospective Studies, MESH : Anthelmintics, Alveolar echinococcosis, 0302 clinical medicine, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], MESH: Rural Population, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Public Health and Epidemiology, Medicine, MESH: Animals, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Anthelmintics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, 3. Good health, MESH: Anthelmintics, agricultural workers diseases, alveolar echinococcosis, MESH : Endemic Diseases, Microbiology (medical), MESH : Albendazole, medicine.medical_specialty, Echinococcus multilocularis. epidemiology, Echinococcus multilocularis, Albendazole, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Risk factor, MESH : Mebendazole, Retrospective Studies, MESH : Foxes, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, lcsh:R, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Odds ratio, zoonoses, Relative risk, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, MESH: Female, Demography, MESH: Liver, Endemic Diseases, MESH: Registries, Foxes, lcsh:Medicine, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Epidemiology, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Female, Registries, rural health, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], biology, Rural health, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, MESH : Risk Factors, Mebendazole, Infectious Diseases, Liver, MESH: Endemic Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, epidemiology, France, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Adult, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, [MATH.MATH-DS] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], parasites, MESH: Mebendazole, Echinococcosis, MESH: Albendazole, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, MESH : France, MESH: Foxes, business.industry, Research, MESH : Liver, Retrospective cohort study, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH : Rural Population, MESH: France, Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Animals, business, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH : Registries
Abstract

International audience; During 1982-2007, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) was diagnosed in 407 patients in France, a country previously known to register half of all European patients. To better define high-risk groups in France, we conducted a national registry-based study to identify areas where persons were at risk and spatial clusters of cases. We interviewed 180 AE patients about their way of life and compared responses to those of 517 controls. We found that almost all AE patients lived in 22 départements in eastern and central France (relative risk 78.63, 95% CI 52.84-117.02). Classification and regression tree analysis showed that the main risk factor was living in AE-endemic areas. There, most at-risk populations lived in rural settings (odds ratio [OR] 66.67, 95% CI 6.21-464.51 for farmers and OR 6.98, 95% CI 2.88-18.25 for other persons) or gardened in nonrural settings (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.82-10.91). These findings can help sensitization campaigns focus on specific groups.

Published
2013

3. Multiple banking relationships: do SMEs mistrust their banks?

Author

Catherine Refait-Alexandre, Stéphanie Serve, Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recherche en Gestion (IRG), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre de sociologie des organisations ( CSO ), Sciences Po-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine, Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE), Théorie économique, modélisation et applications ( THEMA ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Ouest, Nanterre, CRESE, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Gestion ( IRG ), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Centre de sociologie des organisations (CSO), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Serve, Stéphanie, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Théorie économique, modélisation et applications (THEMA), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Béal, Sylvain

Subjects
[QFIN.GN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/General Finance [q-fin.GN], Exploit, media_common.quotation_subject, Sample (statistics), Financial system, Context (language use), IRG_AXE1, [QFIN.RM]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Risk Management [q-fin.RM], Trust, banking relationship, [ QFIN.GN ] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/General Finance [q-fin.GN], JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G21 - Banks • Depository Institutions • Micro Finance Institutions • Mortgages, Credit rationing, 0502 economics and business, [QFIN.RM] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Risk Management [q-fin.RM], Quality (business), multiple banking relationships, 050207 economics, [ SHS.GESTION ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Small business, [ QFIN.RM ] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Risk Management [q-fin.RM], [QFIN.GN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/General Finance [q-fin.GN], Actuarial science, Banking relationships, business.industry, financial crisis, JEL : G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G32 - Financing Policy • Financial Risk and Risk Management • Capital and Ownership Structure • Value of Firms • Goodwill, 05 social sciences, JEL : G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G21 - Banks • Depository Institutions • Micro Finance Institutions • Mortgages, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G32 - Financing Policy • Financial Risk and Risk Management • Capital and Ownership Structure • Value of Firms • Goodwill, Financial crisis, Retail banking, Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous), [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 050211 marketing, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, business, Explanatory power, Finance, 050203 business & management
Abstract

This article focuses on the use of multiple banking relationships by SMEs, a key issue given their strong dependence on bank financing in a context of increasing financial constraints and higher risk of credit rationing since the crisis. We investigate whether the use of multiple banking relationships is explained by firms’ characteristics or by the quality of the banking relationship. We exploit the results of an original survey conducted on a sample of French SMEs in December 2012. According to the traditional theoretical framework of multiple banking, we find that older, bigger, and better-performing firms are more likely to access multiple banking relationships. We further find that innovative firms are more likely to engage in multiple banking relationships. We also highlight the explanatory power of an alternative model based on the quality of banking relationship: when the manager trusts its main bank, or when he is closer to his loan officer, the firm will be less likely to engage in multiple banking relationships.

Published
2020

4. Trace metals from historical mining sites and past metallurgical activity remain bioavailable to wildlife today

Author

Paul Alibert, Rémi Losno, Renaud Scheifler, Guillaume Delivet, Carmela Chateau, Estelle Camizuli, Caroline Lachiche, Gilles Hamm, Fabrice Monna, Stéphane Garnier, Claude Gourault, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement (Université de Bourgogne) (UFR SVTE), Université de Bourgogne (UB), The FEDER (No. 34328), the Regional Council of Burgundy (No. 2010-9201AAO050S04040), the University of Burgundy (No. 2010-BQR-068), the Cévennes National Park and Bibracte., Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement (Université de Bourgogne) ( UFR SVTE ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecosystem ecology, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Kidney, 01 natural sciences, Environmental impact, Mice, Soil, Environmental monitoring, Soil Pollutants, Trace metal, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Cadmium, Multidisciplinary, biology, Biota, Zinc, Environmental chemistry, Metallurgy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Pollution, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Wildlife, chemistry.chemical_element, Animals, Wild, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Mining, Animals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:R, Environmental Exposure, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Trace Elements, Wood mouse, chemistry, Lead, 13. Climate action, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Environmental Pollution, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Copper
Abstract

11 pages; International audience; Throughout history, ancient human societies exploited mineral resources all over the world, even in areas that are now protected and considered to be relatively pristine. Here, we show that past mining still has an impact on wildlife in some French protected areas. We measured cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in topsoils and wood mouse kidneys from sites located in the Cévennes and the Morvan. The maximum levels of metals in these topsoils are one or two orders of magnitude greater than their commonly reported mean values in European topsoils. The transfer to biota was effective, as the lead concentration (and to a lesser extent, cadmium) in wood mouse kidneys increased with soil concentration, unlike copper and zinc, providing direct evidence that lead emitted in the environment several centuries ago is still bioavailable to free-ranging mammals. The negative correlation between kidney lead concentration and animal body condition suggests that historical mining activity may continue to play a role in the complex relationships between trace metal pollution and body indices. Ancient mining sites could therefore be used to assess the long-term fate of trace metals in soils and the subsequent risks to human health and the environment. The first evidence of extractive metallurgy dates from the 6 th millennium BC in the Near East 1,2. Since then, mining and smelting activities have developed almost everywhere that humans have settled 3,4 , resulting in the emission of unexpectedly large amounts of metals into the environment, e.g., during the Roman Empire 5,6. Deleterious consequences on human health were observed as early as the 1 st century BC, with Lucretius, for instance, pointing out "the ill effects in the miners' complexions" and writing "How deadly are the exhalations of gold mines!" (De natura rerum, 4, 808 7). Negative impacts of mining and smelting activities on animals and the environment were also recognized long ago. During the 1 st century BC, Vitruvius wrote that springs coming from mining areas were very harmful (De Architectura, 8, 5 8), while Pliny the Elder, during the 1 st century AD, noticed how silver mine emissions affect all animals (Naturalis Historia, 33, 31 9). With geographical shifts of human settlements over time, some mining and/or smelting sites may have vanished from collective memory 10-12. For instance, in the Morvan and Cévennes massifs (France), the older sites remain difficult to identify in the field, particularly in forested areas. Because of their outstanding landscapes and biodiversity, both the Morvan and the Cévennes are recognized as nature parks, considered to be pristine areas, relatively free from anthropogenic impact. These areas have nonetheless experienced several phases of mining and smelting, starting as early as the Bronze Age for the Morvan 13-15 and at least from the Iron Age for the Cévennes 16 .

Published
2018

5. Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?

Author

Loïc Bollache, Clément Lagrue, Matthias Galipaud, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sympatry, Species complex, Cryptic diversity, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Gammarus roeseli, lcsh:Zoology, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, lcsh:QL1-991, Acanthocephalan parasites, Parasite-induced mortality, education, Gammarus fossarum/Gammarus pulex species complex, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Introduction, education.field_of_study, Host (biology), [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Sympatric speciation, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Infection levels, Biological invasion, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Shared parasites can strongly influence the outcome of competition between congeneric, sympatric hosts, and thus host population dynamics. Parasite-mediated competition is commonly hypothesized as an important factor in biological invasion success; invasive species often experience lower infection levels and/or parasite-induced mortality than native congeneric hosts. However, variation in infection levels among sympatric hosts can be due to contrasting abilities to avoid infection or different parasite-induced mortality rates following infection. Low parasite infection levels in a specific host can be due to either factor but have drastically different implications in interaction outcomes between sympatric hosts. We assessed acanthocephalan infection levels (prevalence and abundance) among cryptic molecular taxonomic units (MOTU) of the native G. pulex/G. fossarum species complex from multiple populations where they occur in sympatry. We concomitantly estimated the same parameters in the invasive Gammarus roeseli commonly found in sympatry with G. pulex/G. fossarum MOTUs. We then tested for potential differences in parasite-induced mortality among these alternative hosts. As expected, the invasive G. roeseli showed relatively low infection level and was not subject to parasite-induced mortality. We also found that both acanthocephalan infection levels and parasite-induced mortality varied greatly among cryptic MOTUs of the native amphipods. Contrary to expectations, some native MOTUs displayed levels of resistance to their local parasites similar to those observed in the invasive G. roeseli. Overall, cryptic diversity in native amphipods coupled with high levels of variability in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality documented here may strongly influence inter-MOTU interactions and native population dynamics as well as invasion success and population dynamics of the congeneric invasive G. roeseli., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Parasite-mediated competition is an important factor in interspecific interactions. • Acanthocephalan infection levels in native and invasive amphipods were assessed. • Native amphipods also comprised sympatric, cryptic lineages. • Infection levels and host mortality varied greatly among native cryptic host lineages. • Some native amphipod lineages were also as resistant to parasites as invasive hosts.

Published
2017

6. Usefulness of à la carte antigens for bird fancier’s lung serodiagnosis: total dropping extract and/or dropping’s microflora antigens

Author

Sandrine Roussel, Audrey Laboissière, Benoît Valot, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Adeline Rouzet, Paul De Vuyst, Gabriel Reboux, Laurence Millon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France., Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service de Pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

Subjects
diagnosis, MESH : Antigens, serology, Serology, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Bird fancier's lung, antigens, Flora (microbiology), MESH : Bird Fancier's Lung, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, microorganisms, MESH: Bird Fancier's Lung, MESH : Allergens, Immunoassay, biology, MESH: Feces, General Medicine, Enterobacter, MESH : Immunoassay, MESH : Serologic Tests, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Birds, MESH: Antigens, Antibody, medicine.symptom, MESH: Immunoassay, MESH: Fungi, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Allergens, droppings, Microbiology, Asymptomatic, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, medicine, Animals, Humans, Serologic Tests, MESH : Bacteria, MESH : Birds, MESH : Fungi, bird fancier's lung, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, Lung, Bacteria, MESH: Serologic Tests, MESH : Humans, Fungi, MESH : Feces, Allergens, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Bacteria, 030228 respiratory system, Immunology, biology.protein, MESH : Animals, [ SDV.MHEP.PSR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract
Abstract

International audience; Bird fancier's lung (BFL) is a pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of avian proteins. The involvement of the microorganisms of droppings has been assumed in the past and this idea still persists today. Our study aimed to compare by immunoprecipitation assay the detection of antibodies against both droppings and microorganisms in the sera of patients (n=15) and asymptomatic exposed controls (n=18). We found that 14/15 BFL patients had negative serological results for isolated microorganisms of the droppings, only one positive against Enterobacter sakasakii. Serological arguments were in accordance with diagnosis in 87 % of cases by testing à la carte antigens from each bird dropping versus 20 % using the standard antigenic panel. Otherwise, the microorganisms antigens issued from dropping flora were negative in 93 % of cases. Consequently, it's preferable to use the total extract from the patient's bird droppings to establish the serodiagnosis of the disease.

Published
2017

7. Discriminating uniparental and biparental breeding strategies by monitoring nest temperature

Author

Niels Martin Schmidt, Jeroen Reneerkens, Glenn Yannic, Olivier Gilg, Lucie Perroud, Jérôme Moreau, Maria Teixeira, Loïc Bollache, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences ( GELIFES ), Research supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV, program 1036 ‘Interactions’), the Conseil Regional de Bourgogne, the Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA) and the University of Bourgogne., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), and Piersma group

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, nest temperature, parental care, Zoology, nest attendance, shorebirds, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Predation, food, discriminant function, Nest, arctic, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Calidris alba, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, thermologger, Ecology, incubation strategy, incubation behaviour, incubation, Sanderling, Calidris, incubation system, Animal Science and Zoology, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paternal care, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

10 pages; International audience; Birds exhibit a wide diversity of breeding strategies. During incubation or chick-rearing, parental care can be either uniparental, by either the male or the female, or biparental. Understanding the selective pressures that drive these different strategies represents an exciting challenge for ecologists. In this context, assigning the type of parental care at the nest (e.g. biparental or uniparental incubation strategy) is often a prerequisite to answering questions in evolutionary ecology. The aim of this study was to produce a standardized method unequivocally to assign an incubation strategy to any Sanderling Calidris alba nest found in the field by monitoring nest temperature profiles. Using drops of >3 °C in nest temperature (recorded with thermistors) to distinguish incubation and recess periods, we showed that the number of recesses and the total duration of these recesses from 09:00 to 17:00 h UTC allowed us reliably (99.1% after 24 h and 100% when monitoring the nest for at least 4 days) to assign the incubation strategy at the nest for 21 breeding adults (14 nests). Monitoring nest temperature for at least 24 h is an effective method to assign an incubation strategy without having to re-visit nests, thereby saving time in the field and minimizing both disturbance and related increase in predation risk of clutches. Given the advantages of our method, we suggest that it should be used more widely in studies that aim to document incubation strategies and patterns in regions where ambient temperatures are at least 3 °C below the median nest temperature.

Published
2017

8. Sediment quality and possible uses of dredged materials: the Ria de Aveiro lagoon mouth area (Portugal)

Author

Lazaro Laut, Denise Terroso, Cristina Sequeira, Maria Virgínia Alves Martins, Fernando Rocha, Assane Luis Pena, Noureddine Zaaboub, Wânia Duleba, Maria Antonieta da Conceição Rodrigues, Lotfi Aleya, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade de Aveiro, GeoBioTec, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Universidade Pedagógica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades ( EACH ), Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Pollution, Dredging Regulation, media_common.quotation_subject, Harbours management, Deposition (geology), Dredging, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Contamination, Trace metals, lcsh:Stratigraphy, 14. Life underwater, media_common, lcsh:QE640-699, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Environmental engineering, Sediment, Enrichment factor, 6. Clean water, lcsh:Geology, PORTOS, 13. Climate action, Aquatic environment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Channel (geography)
Abstract

International audience; Dredging is a common and important activity to maintain or improve/extend navigable depths in many ports and harbours. Dredging sometimes occur in areas where the sediments are contaminated material and is subject to consent and licensing according to the national regulations. This work shows the general pattern of distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, in surface sediments of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon mouth area (Portugal). The work is based on textural, mineralogical and geochemical analysis of 137 surface sediment (first centimetre) samples. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) was used to evaluate the overall enrichment of these elements and the enrichment factor (EF) was determined to assess the degree of anthropogenic input of taking into account the characteristics of the receiving environment and its legitimate use; and one station (29) as slightly contaminated dredged material (Class 3) that may be used for embankments or in the case of soaking requires a thorough study of the place of deposition and subsequent PTEs. Portuguese Ministerial Order n.° 1450/2007 was used as reference to classify dredging and elimination or application of dredging materials. Results evidence that the study area, which is highly anthropized, the concentration of PTEs is largely controlled by the hydrodynamics. The PLI index values show the highest enrichment of metals in the western side of Mira Channel entrance. The EF values indicate that eighty-three stations have significant enrichment of metals particularly Pb and Cr being the significant enrichment by Cr much more common and by Pb punctually. According to the Portuguese regulation most of the sites can be classified as clean dredged material (Class 1), sixteen sites as dredged material with trace contamination (Class 2) that may be immersed in the aquatic environment monitoring. In addition, sediments have an important ecological value.

Published
2017

9. Genetic variation of mitochondrial genes among Echinococcus multilocularis isolates collected in western China

Author

Yingmei Shao, Wenbao Zhang, Hui Wang, Haining Fan, Patrick Giraudoux, Bo Ran, Baoping Guo, Jun Li, Canlin Zhou, Zhang Wei, Hao Wen, Jenny Knapp, Ling Kuang, Chuanchuan Wu, Clinic Medicine Research Institute, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Veterinary medicine, China, Genotype, 030231 tropical medicine, Molecular Sequence Data, Echinococcus multilocularis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, nad2, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, Genetic variation, Parasite hosting, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Phylogeny, Genetics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Base Sequence, Arvicolinae, Research, Alveolar echinococcosis, Haplotype, cob, Helminth Proteins, Mitochondrial genes, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Mitochondrial, Parasitology, GenBank, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening human disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis transmitted between rodents and dogs/foxes in the Northern Hemisphere. The study aims to identify the genetic variation of the parasite in AE patients from China. Methods E. multilocularis isolates were collected from wild small mammals (n = 6) and AE patients (n = 56) from western China. Genomic DNA was extracted from different tissue samples including paraffin tissue blocks, ethanol fixed tissues and frozen tissues surgically removed. Two mitochondrial gene fragments (526 bp for cob and 474 bp for nad2) of E. multilocularis were amplified and sequenced. Results The parasite fragment sequences of cob fragments from AE patients showed two haplotypes, and nad2 gene fragment sequences had four haplotypes. The gene sequences from Microtus sp. were 100% identical to the sequences of some isolates from AE patients. These haplotypes were distributed in both Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces. Alignment analysis with the sequences from the GenBank databases showed five genotypes including three Asian genotypes, one from Europe and one from North America. Conclusions Most AE patients harbored the Asian genotype 1 which may be an indication of its relative frequency in the definitive hosts and the environment or of its pathogenicity to humans, which calls for further research.

Published
2017

10. Sirtuin-1 Activation Controls Tumor Growth by Impeding Th17 Differentiation via STAT3 Deacetylation

Author

Romain Euvrard, Cédric Rébé, François Ghiringhelli, Hélène Berger, Emeric Limagne, Dominique Delmas, Frédérique Végan, Valentin Derangère, Marion Thibaudin, Lionel Apetoh, Sylvain Ladoire, Pauline Chalons, Etienne Humblin, Romain Boidot, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département d'oncologie médicale [Centre Georges-François Leclerc], Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Plateforme de transfert en biologie cancérologique [Dijon], Centre d'épidémiologie des populations (CEP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre d'épidémiologie des populations ( CEP ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL )

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system diseases, Cellular differentiation, Melanoma, Experimental, Regulator, environment and public health, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, STAT3, Mice, Sirtuin 1, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Acetylation, Cell Differentiation, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3, Metformin, Cell biology, Th17, RORγt, medicine.symptom, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Agonist, medicine.drug_class, Transplantation, Heterologous, Carbazoles, Mice, Nude, Inflammation, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, SIRT1, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, cancer, Molecular biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), biology.protein, Th17 Cells
Abstract

International audience; Sirtuin-1 deacetylates proteins and has emerged as a critical regulator of different cellular processes, particularly inflammation. Basal SIRT1 activity was previously found to limit Th9 and enhance Th17 differentiation in mice, but the effect of pharmacological SIRT1 activation on T cell differentiation and antitumor responses remains unclear. Here, we find that SIRT1 pharmacological agonists selectively impede mouse and human Th17 cell differentiation. SIRT1 activation induces STAT3 deacetylation, thus reducing its ability to translocate into the nucleus, bind to Rorc promoter, and induce its transcription. SIRT1 agonists reduce tumor growth in mice by blocking Th17 cell differentiation. In cancer patients, the SIRT1 agonist metformin reduced the frequency of Th17 cells and STAT3 acetylation levels. Altogether, these data underscore that SIRT1 activation impedes Th17 cell differentiation and thereby limits tumor growth and suggest that SIRT1 activators may directly target IL-17A functions.

Published
2017

11. How could thermal stratification affect horizontal distribution of depth-integrated metazooplankton communities in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia)?

Author

Asma Hamza, Thouraya Ben Ltaief, Zaher Drira, Jean-Luc Devenon, Habib Ayadi, Marc Pagano, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), UR Biodiversité & Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie ( LOB ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô], University of Sfax, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
zooplankton, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, metazooplankton, Thermal stratification, Ecological succession, Stratification (vegetation), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, deep oceanic water, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, trophic conditions, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Horizontal distribution, warm water, shallow water column, Environmental science
Abstract

The spatial and temporal variability of metazooplankton communities in relation to environmental and trophic factors were studied in the Gulf of Gabes during three periods of increasing thermal stratification in June, July and September. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed the time and space succession of three zooplankton communities in relation to the degree of thermal stratification. A co-inertia analysis showed the association between these communities and the trophic conditions (abundance and composition of microplankton) driven by stratification. Three divergent communities were evident. The first, characterized by annelid larvae and coastal copepods, was associated with shallow mixed and microplankton-rich water (June, coastal). The second, characterized by euphausiids, amphipods, doliolids and several deep-water copepods, corresponded to highly stratified microplankton-poor water (September). The third, characterized by the most ubiquitous and abundant species, was linked to intermediate water (June deep and July). Temperature and salinity conditions also explained the distribution of key species. Clausocalanus furcatus, Oithona plumifera and Triconia conifera were clearly associated with warm and highly stratified water (September). Enhanced thermal stratification led to higher surface salinity, explaining the emergence of euryhaline taxa such as Oithona plumifera.

Published
2017

12. Single- and Double-Strand Breaks of Dry DNA Exposed to Protons at Bragg-Peak Energies

Author

Michel Fromm, Dominique Muller, A. Belafrites, Rémi Barillon, Quentin Raffy, Mounir Souici, Talat Tariq Khalil, Christophe Champion, Laboratoire de Physique des Rayonnements et Applications (LPRA), Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia [Jijel] | University of Jijel (UMSBJ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Programme National Exceptionnel (PNE - French Algerian Collaboration program), Université Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia [Jijel], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Rayonnements et Applications ( LPRA ), Université de Jijel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie ( ICube ), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg ( ENGEES ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg ( INSA Strasbourg ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Département Recherches Subatomiques ( DRS-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan ( CENBG ), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
cross-section, Proton, Polyesters, Linear energy transfer, Bragg peak, 7. Clean energy, clustered DNA damage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, damage yield, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Materials Chemistry, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Linear Energy Transfer, DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, radiochemical yield, Double strand, Range (particle radiation), DNA, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Protons, Atomic physics, Plasmids, Bragg-Peak, single and double strand break
Abstract

International audience; Ultrathin layers (

Published
2017

13. Weathering of limestone after several decades in an urban environment

Author

Jean-Didier Mertz, Jean-Pierre Sizun, Aurélie Verney-Carron, Sophie Nowak, Estel Colas, Olivier Rozenbaum, Anne Chabas, Mandana Saheb, Lucile Gentaz, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS (UMR_7086)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry for Culture and Communication, Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques ( LRMH ), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation ( CRC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes ( ITODYS UMR7086 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Materials science, Gypsum, XRD, General Chemical Engineering, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, education, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Weathering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Texture (geology), [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric corrosion, Stonework, 021105 building & construction, 11. Sustainability, General Materials Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Chemistry, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, [ SHS.MUSEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Carbon, Urban environment
Abstract

International audience; The alteration of “Saint-Maximin Roche fine” limestones exposed to the Parisian urban environment during more than 60 years has been studied. It leads to changes of the texture and morphology, to the neo-formation of gypsum on the subsurface and to the deposition of carbon containing phases on the surface. Depending on the location of the blocks on the monuments, the alteration states are different related to different water activities that could influence the further alteration processes. The multiscale characterization has enabled to correlate the macrometric properties to the mesoscopic behavior, what is essential to understand the alteration mechanisms.

Published
2016

14. Archaeological occurrences and historical review of the human amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica, over the past 6000years

Author

Céline Maicher, Benjamin Dufour, Matthieu Le Bailly, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, History, Paleoparasitology, Current distribution, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Parasite hosting, Carbon Radioisotopes, Amoeba, History, Ancient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Microscopy, Entamoebiasis, biology, Human migration, Ecology, Entamoeba histolytica, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Archaeology, Human, Microbiology (medical), [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Old World, food.ingredient, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human Migration, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Antigens, Protozoan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microbiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, Amoeba (genus), Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Genetics, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, business.industry, Paleontology, Mummies, biology.organism_classification, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Americas, business
Abstract

Understanding parasite history and the evolution of host/parasite relationships is one of the most important aspects of paleoparasitology. Within the framework of this research topic, this paper focuses on the human pathogenic amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica. The compilation of all the available archaeological data concerning this parasite leads to a first glimpse of the history of this parasite of current medical importance. Paleoparasitological investigation into this parasite uses immunological techniques and shows that the modern strain of E. histolytica has been present in Western Europe since at least the Neolithic period (3700yearsBCE), and could have originated in the Old World. The appearance of the modern amoeba strain in the pre-Columbian Americas and the Middle East around the 12th century CE gives rise to hypotheses as to how human migrations (Atlantic or Pacific routes) contributed to the diffusion of this pathogen, resulting in its current distribution. This compilation proves that parasites are valuable proxies for studying past human and animal migrations, and should be given more consideration in the future.

Published
2016

15. High susceptibility of MDR and XDR Gram-negative pathogens to biphenyl-diacetylene-based difluoromethyl-allo-threonyl-hydroxamate LpxC inhibitors

Author

Jean-Marie Pagès, René Courcol, Pei Zhou, Marie Titecat, Nadine Lemaître, Thierry Lambert, Eric J. Toone, Audrey Charlet, Florent Sebbane, Didier Hocquet, Chul-Jin Lee, Xiaofei Liang, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 ( CIIL ), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR142-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Duke university [Durham], Department of Biochemistry, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Unité Bactéries, Pathogènes et Santé ( UBaPS ), Université Paris-Sud 11 - Faculté de médecine ( UP11 UFR Médecine ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Transporteurs membranaires, chimioresistance et drug-design ( TMCD2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Duke University [Durham], Duke University Medical Center, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bactéries, Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Transporteurs membranaires, chimioresistance et drug-design (TMCD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Acinetobacter baumannii, Threonine, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Klebsiella pneumoniae, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Hydroxamic Acids, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, Amidohydrolases, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Escherichia coli, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Enzyme Inhibitors, Original Research, Pharmacology, biology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Antimicrobial, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Ciprofloxacin, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Amikacin, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Inhibitors of uridine diphosphate-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC, which catalyses the first, irreversible step in lipid A biosynthesis) are a promising new class of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) compare the antibiotic activities of three LpxC inhibitors (LPC-058, LPC-011 and LPC-087) and the reference inhibitor CHIR-090 against Gram-negative bacilli (including MDR and XDR isolates); and (ii) investigate the effect of combining these inhibitors with conventional antibiotics.MethodsMICs were determined for 369 clinical isolates (234 Enterobacteriaceae and 135 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli). Time–kill assays with LPC-058 were performed on four MDR/XDR strains, including Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii producing KPC-2, VIM-1 and OXA-23 carbapenemases, respectively.ResultsLPC-058 was the most potent antibiotic and displayed the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with MIC90 values for Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and A. baumannii of 0.12, 0.5, 1 and 1 mg/L, respectively. LPC-058 was bactericidal at 1× or 2× MIC against CTX-M-15, KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing strains and bacteriostatic at ≤4× MIC against OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii. Combinations of LPC-058 with β-lactams, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were synergistic against these strains, albeit in a species-dependent manner. LPC-058's high efficacy was attributed to the presence of the difluoromethyl-allo-threonyl head group and a linear biphenyl-diacetylene tail group.ConclusionsThese in vitro data highlight the therapeutic potential of the new LpxC inhibitor LPC-058 against MDR/XDR strains and set the stage for subsequent in vivo studies.

Published
2016

16. Development of a Real-Time PCR for a Sensitive One-Step Coprodiagnosis Allowing both the Identification of Carnivore Feces and the Detection of Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus multilocularis

Author

Jenny Knapp, Marie-Lazarine Poulle, Laurence Millon, Gérald Umhang, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'Alimentation, de l'environnement et du Travail ( ANSES ), ANSES, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Projet Interdisciplinaire Ecologie de la Sante grant from the CNRS-INEE, and InVS National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Vulpes, 030231 tropical medicine, Foxes, Zoology, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Echinococcus multilocularis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, Toxocara cati, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Animals, Helminths, media_common.cataloged_instance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Toxocara, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Ecology, biology, Felis, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Canis lupus familiaris, Canis, Cats, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Studying the environmental occurrence of parasites of concern for humans and animals based on coprosamples is an expanding field of work in epidemiology and the ecology of health. Detecting and quantifying Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus multilocularis , two predominant zoonotic helminths circulating in European carnivores, in feces may help to better target measures for prevention. A rapid, sensitive, and one-step quantitative PCR (qPCR) allowing detection of E. multilocularis and Toxocara spp. was developed in the present study, combined with a host fecal test based on the identification of three carnivores (red fox, dog, and cat) involved in the life cycles of these parasites. A total of 68 coprosamples were collected from identified specimens from Vulpes vulpes , Canis lupus familiaris , Canis lupus , Felis silvestris catus , Meles meles , Martes foina , and Martes martes . With DNA coprosamples, real-time PCR was performed in duplex with a qPCR inhibitor control specifically designed for this study. All the coprosample host identifications were confirmed by qPCR combined with sequencing, and parasites were detected and confirmed ( E. multilocularis in red foxes and Toxocara cati in cats; 16% of samples presented inhibition). By combining parasite detection and quantification, the host fecal test, and a new qPCR inhibitor control, we created a technique with a high sensitivity that may considerably improve environmental studies of pathogens.

Published
2016

17. Vertical micro-distribution of microbial communities living in Sphagnum fallax

Author

Donghui Wu, Daniel Gilbert, Lihong Song, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), IDIAP Research Institute, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0106 biological sciences, Microbial food web, Peat, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Distribution (economics), Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sphagnum, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sphagnum fallax, Botany, Environmental science, business, Testate amoebae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

18. Multiproxy assessment of Holocene relative sea-level changes in the western Mediterranean: Sea-level variability and improvements in the definition of the isostatic signal

Author

Nick Marriner, Alessandro Fontana, Alessio Rovere, Christophe Morhange, Matteo Vacchi, Giorgio Spada, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), MARUM, Universität Bremen Postfach, Vacchi, Matteo, Marriner, Nick, Morhange, Christophe, SPADA, GIORGIO, Fontana, Alessandro, and Rovere, Alessio

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Isostasy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Antarctic ice sheet, Context (language use), Sea-level database, Sea level, Isostasy, Mediterranean Sea, Holocene, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Isostatic adjustment, Settore GEO/04 - Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia, Mediterranean Sea, Sea level, Holocene, Sea-level proxy, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Beachrock, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Oceanography, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial variability, Geology
Abstract

A review of 917 relative sea-level (RSL) data-points has resulted in the first quality-controlled database constraining the Holocene sea-level histories of the western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Malta and Tunisia). We reviewed and standardized the geological RSL data-points using a new multi-proxy methodology based on: (1) modern taxa assemblages in Mediterranean lagoons and marshes; (2) beachrock characteristics (cement fabric and chemistry, sedimentary structures); and (3) the modern distribution of Mediterranean fixed biological indicators. These RSL data-points were coupled with the large number of archaeological RSL indicators available for the western Mediterranean. We assessed the spatial variability of RSL histories for 22 regions and compared these with the ICE-5G (VM2) GIA model. In the western Mediterranean, RSL rose continuously for the whole Holocene with a sudden slowdown at ~ 7.5 ka BP and a further deceleration during the last ~ 4.0 ka BP, after which time observed RSL changes are mainly related to variability in isostatic adjustment. The sole exception is southern Tunisia, where data show evidence of a mid-Holocene high-stand compatible with the isostatic impacts of the melting history of the remote Antarctic ice sheet. Our results indicate that late-Holocene sea-level rise was significantly slower than the current one. First estimates of GIA contribution indicate that, at least in the northwestern sector, it accounts at least for the 25–30% of the ongoing sea-level rise recorded by Mediterranean tidal gauges. Such contribution is less constrained at lower latitudes due to the lower quality of the late Holocene index points. Future applications of spatio-temporal statistical techniques are required to better quantify the gradient of the isostatic contribution and to provide improved context for the assessment of 20th century acceleration of Mediterranean sea-level rise.

Published
2016

19. Organic matter quantity and quality, metals availability and foraminiferal assemblages as environmental proxy applied to the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia)

Author

Noureddine Zaaboub, Monia El Bour, Leandro Nogueira, Egberto Pereira, Maria Virgínia Alves Martins, Paulo Miranda, Fabrizio Frontalini, Helena Antunes Portela, Mohamed Amine Helali, Iara Clemente, Imen Boukef-BenOmrane, Darlly Reis, Lotfi Aleya, Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UERJ), Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Faculdade de Geologia, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Geologic Sediments, Chlorophyll a, Tunisia, Foraminifera, Environment, Sulfides, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Biopolymer concentrations, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acid volatile sulfides, Seawater, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, TOC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, chemistry.chemical_classification, Bacteria, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Simultaneously extracted metals, biology.organism_classification, Living benthic foraminifera, Oxygen isotopes, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Cassidulina, chemistry, Metals, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; This study analyzes the benthic trophic state of Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia) based on the total organic matter and the bioavailability of biopolymeric carbon including proteins (PTN), carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP), chlorophyll a, as well as bacteria counts. The overall simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), and acid volatile sulfides (AVS) as well as the SEM/AVS ratio indicative of the toxicity of the sediments also were analyzed aiming to study their impact in the dimension, composition and structure of both dead and living benthic foraminiferal assemblages.In the studied sites TOC content is relatively high and the PTN/CHO values indicate that they can be considered as meso-eutrophic environments. The CHO/TOC and C/N values suggest that the OM which accumulated on the sediments surface has mainly natural origin despite the introduction of municipal and industrial effluents in the lagoon and the large bacterial pool.The living assemblages of benthic foraminifera of Bizerte Lagoon are quite different to other Mediterranean transitional systems studied until now. They are composed of typical lagoonal species but also include several marine and opportunistic species including significant numbers of bolivinids, buliminids, Nonionella/Nonionoides spp. and Cassidulina/Globocassidulina spp. These assemblages seem to benefitfrom the physicochemical parameters and the sediment stability. They may however face environmental stress in the lagoon related to the AVS production as a result of the organic matter degradation and toxicity in some areas due to the available concentrations of metals. Nonetheless statistical results evidence that the structure and dimension of assemblages are being controlled mostly by OM quantity and quality related mainly to the availability of PTN, CHO and chlorophyll a. Results of this work support the importance of considering OM quantity and quality in studies of environmental impact in coastal systems.

Published
2016

20. Recent changes in mountain grasslands: a vegetation resampling study

Author

Arnaud Mouly, François Gillet, Pierre-Marie Badot, Leslie Mauchamp, thèmeTCS, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ) -Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Conseil Régional Franche-Comté, CIGC, BioGEcoP, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques (ECOS), and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, diachronic survey, ecological indicator values, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grazing pressure, Grassland, Jura Mountains, CSR strategies, resampling vegetation plots, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Anthropogenic changes, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, vegetation dynamics, food and beverages, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, community diversity, Ecological indicator, Geography, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Indicator value, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, grassland
Abstract

International audience; Understanding how land-use changes affect different facets of plant biodiversity in seminatural European grasslands is of particular importance for biodiversity conservation. As conclusions of previous experimental or synchronic observational studies did not converge toward a general agreement, assessing the recent trends in vegetation change in various grassland systems using a diachronic approach is needed. In this resurvey study, we investigated the recent changes in grassland vegetation of the French Jura Mountains, a region with a long tradition of pastoralism. We compared the floristic composition of 150 grassland plots recorded between 1990 and 2000 with new relevés made in 2012 on the same plots. We considered taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity as well as ecological characteristics of the plant communities derived from ecological indicator values and life strategies of the species. PCA of the floristic composition revealed a significant general trend linked to the sampling year. Wilcoxon paired tests showed that contemporary communities were generally more dominated by grass species and presented a higher tolerance to defoliation, a higher pastoral value, and a higher nutrient indicator value. Comparisons revealed a decrease in phylogenetic and functional diversity. By contrast, local species richness has slightly increased. The intensity of change in species composition, measured by Hellinger distance between pairs of relevés, was dependent on neither the time lag between the two surveys, the author of the first relevé nor its location or elevation. The most important changes were observed in grasslands that previously presented low pastoral value, low grass cover, low tolerance to defoliation, and high proportion of stress-tolerant species. This trend was likely linked to the intensification of grassland management reported in the region, with a parallel increase in mowing frequency, grazing pressure, and fertilization level. More restrictive specifications should be applied to agricultural practices to avoid overexploitation of mountain species-rich grasslands and its negative consequences on their biodiversity and resilience.

Published
2016

21. Chemical mass transfer in shear zones and metacarbonate xenoliths: a comparison of four mass balance approaches

Author

Emilien Oliot, Didier Marquer, Cyril Durand, Jean-Pierre Sizun, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - EA 4515 ( LGCgE ), Université d'Artois ( UA ) -Université de Lille-IMT Lille Douai, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai ( IMT Lille Douai ) -Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai ( IMT Lille Douai ), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dylbas, Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg ( IPGS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Dynamique de la lithosphère et des bassins sédimentaires (IPGS) (IPGS-Dylbas), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Field (physics), Quérigut Massif, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, Soil science, mass balance calculation, Chemical element, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mass transfer, exoskarn, Xenolith, Metasomatism, [ SDU.STU.MI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Balance (metaphysics), metasomatism, Aar Massif, ductile shear zone, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Volume (thermodynamics), chemical mass transfer, Shear zone, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; Mass balance calculations have been performed through a comparison of published graphical and statistical approaches applied to two contrasted geological settings: (i) the development of a greenschist-facies ductile shear-zone that recorded a weak volume change but significant mass transfers, and (ii) the formation of exoskarns in metacarbonate xenoliths that recorded a large volume decrease related to huge mass transfers. The comparison of the four mass-balance approaches shows that, if uncertainties are ignored, (1) they yield similar results concerning the mobile vs immobile behaviour of many components; (2) they yield similar mass-change values on bulk rock and on individual chemical elements (bulk-rock mass-change values differ by a maximum of ca. 15 % between graphical and statistical treatments of the metacarbonate xenolith evolution). The main difference concerns the uncertainties on mass changes (for bulk rocks and individual elements), which are much larger with the graphical than with the statistical approaches when uncertainties on chemical elements are taken into account, as they should be.The main advantage of the graphical methods is their rapid implementation and the clarity of the diagrams. Their main disadvantages are that uncertainties on each chemical element and bulk compositions are not taken into account and the difficulty in choosing an accurate immobility field to precisely define errors. Graphical methods need to be completed by a statistical treatment that gives absolute mass transfer results. The statistical approaches have the advantage of taking into account the chemical heterogeneities of the compared populations, in conjunction to a precise data treatment. The statistical treatment is an important and necessary step to decipher and to be pertinent in interpreting mobility/immobility of chemical elements, and, thus, in the absolute quantification of mass and volume changes.

Published
2015

22. Blood parameters as biomarkers of cadmium and lead exposure and effects in wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) living along a pollution gradient

Author

Eve Afonso, Ghada Bouguerra, Renaud Scheifler, Nicolas Tête, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Conseil Régional de Franche-Comté and the ADEME (Agence De l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )

Subjects
risk to wildlife, Male, Aging, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Physiology, Hematocrit, Kidney, Toxicology, Mice, Soil Pollutants, Tissue Distribution, Trace metal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cadmium, Hematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, hematology, General Medicine, trace metal, Pollution, Zinc, Liver, Apodemus, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, France, nonlethal approach, Environmental Monitoring, medicine.medical_specialty, Environmental Engineering, Anemia, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, persistent pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Oxygen transport, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Trace Elements, Lead, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Murinae, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Small mammal populations living on contaminated sites are exposed to various chemicals. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), two well-known nonessential trace metals, accumulate in different organs and are known to cause multiple adverse effects. To develop nonlethal markers in ecotoxicology, the present work aimed to study the relationships between blood parameters (hematocrit, leukocyte levels and granulated erythrocyte levels) and Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil and in the liver and kidneys of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Individuals were trapped along a pollution gradient with high levels of Cd, Pb and zinc (Zn) contamination. The results indicated that hematological parameters were independent of individual characteristics (age and gender). Blood parameters varied along the pollution gradient, following a pattern similar to the accumulation of Cd in the organs of the wood mice. No relationship was found between the blood parameters studied and Pb concentrations in the organs or in the environment. The hematocrit and leukocyte number decreased with increasing concentrations of Cd in the kidneys and/or in the liver. Moreover, the hematocrit was lower in the animals that were above the thresholds (LOAELs) for Cd concentrations in the liver. These responses were interpreted as a warning of potential negative effects of Cd exposure on the oxygen transport capacity of the blood (e.g., anemia). The present results suggest that blood parameters, notably hematocrit, may offer a minimally invasive biomarker for the evaluation of Cd exposure in further ecotoxicological studies.

Published
2015

23. Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in southern Italy: the case of Lago Trifoglietti

Author

Sébastien Joannin, Boris Vannière, Odile Peyron, Elisabetha Brugiapaglia, Michel Magny, Liliana Bernardo, Simon Goring, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Dpt of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] ( Unical ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, pollen, palaeoclimatic reconstruction, holocene vegetation, Altitude, lcsh:Environmental pollution, law, Pollen, medicine, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Radiocarbon dating, Holocene, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Boreal, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology, Chronology
Abstract

A high-resolution pollen record from Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria (southern Italy) provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes which characterise the Holocene period in the southern Italy. The chronology is based on 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial organic material. The Holocene history of the vegetation cover shows the persistence of an important and relatively stable Fagus forest present over that entire period, offering a rare example of a beech woodstand able to withstand climate changes for more than 11 000 yr. Probably in relation with early Holocene dry climate conditions which affected southern Italy, the Trifoglietti pollen record supports a southward delay in thermophyllous forest expansion dated to ca. 13 500 cal BP at Monticchio, ca. 11 000 cal BP at Trifoglietti, and finally ca. 9800 cal BP in Sicily. Regarding the human impact history, the Trifoglietti pollen record shows only poor imprints of agricultural activities and anthopogenic indicators, apart from those indicating pastoralism activities beneath forest cover. The selective exploitation of Abies appears to have been the strongest human impact on the Trifoglietti surroundings. On the basis of (1) a specific ratio between hygrophilous and terrestrial taxa, and (2) the Modern Analogue Technique, the pollen data collected at Lago Trifoglietti led to the establishment of two palaeoclimatic records tracing changes in (1) lake depth and (2) annual precipitation. On a millennial scale, these records give evidence of increasing moisture from ca. 11 000 to ca. 9400 cal BP and maximum humidity from ca. 9400 to ca. 6200 cal BP, prior to a general trend towards the drier climate conditions that have prevailed up to the present. In addition, several successive centennial-scale oscillations appear to have punctuated the entire Holocene. The identification of a cold dry event around 11 300 cal BP, responsible for a marked decline in timberline altitude and possibly equivalent to the PBO, remains to be confirmed by further investigations verifying both chronology and magnitude. Two cold and possibly drier Boreal oscillations developed at ca. 9800 and 9200 cal BP. At Trifoglietti, the 8.2 kyr event corresponds to the onset of cooler and drier climatic conditions which persisted until ca. 7500 cal BP. Finally, the second half of the Holocene was characterised by dry phases at ca. 6100–5200, 4400–3500, and 2500–1800 cal BP, alternating with more humid phases at ca. 5200–4400 and ca. 3500–2500 cal BP. Considered as a whole, these millennial-scale trends and centennial-scale climatic oscillations support contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes recognised between the north- and south-central Mediterranean.

Published
2018

24. Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea

Author

Michel Fontugne, Martine Paterne, Michel Magny, Maxime Debret, Giuseppe Siani, Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Isotopes of oxygen, Foraminifera, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, 14. Life underwater, Tephra, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Paleontology, Sapropel, biology.organism_classification, Salinity, Oceanography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Geology, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

Holocene paleohydrology reconstruction was derived combining planktic and benthic stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Ow) from a high sedimentation core collected in the south Adriatic sea (SAS). Chronology of core is based on 10 AMS 14C measures on planktic foraminifera and tephra markers. Results reveal two contrasted paleohydrological periods that reflect (i) a marked lowering of δ 18Ow/salinity during the early to middle Holocene (11.5 ka to 6.3 ka), including the two-steps sapropel S1 deposition, followed during the middle to upper Holocene by (ii) a prevailed period of increased salinity and enhanced arid conditions in the south Adriatic basin. Superimposed on these trends, short-term centennial-scale hydrological events punctuated the Holocene period in the SAS. During the Early to Middle Holocene, a short-term SST cooling together with a prominent δ 18Ow/salinity lowering, more pronounced than during the sapropel S1 phase, delineates the sapropel S1 interruption. This short interval, coeval to the 8.2 ka event, is also distinguished by a resumption of deep-water convection in the SAS as indicated by stable isotope reconstruction on benthic forminifera. After 6 ka, centennial-scale δ18Ow and G. bulloides δ13C lowering, mostly centered between 3 to 0.6 ka, reflect short term hydrological changes related to a more intensive Po river runoff. These short-term events, even of lesser amplitude compared to the early to middle Holocene period, may have induced a lowering of sea surface density and consequently reduced and/or inhibited the formation of deep bottom waters in the SAS. Comparison of the emerging centennial to millennial-scale hydrological record with previous climatic records from the central Mediterranean area and north of the Alps revealed possible synchronicities (within the radiocarbon-dating uncertainty) between phases of lower salinity in SAS and periods of wetter climatic conditions around the north-central Adriatic Sea. Finally, wavelet analyses provide new clues about the potential origin of climate variability in the SAS confirming the evidence for a mid-Holocene transition in the Central Mediterranean climate and the dominance of a ~ 1700 yr periodicity after 6 ka that reflects a plausible connection with the North Atlantic climate system.

Published
2018

25. Ethnic gaps in educational attainment and labor-market outcomes : evidence from France

Author

Gabin Langevin, Emmanuel Peterle, David Masclet, Fabien Moizeau, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en économie et management ( CREM ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ( CIRANO ), Université du Québec à Montréal ( UQAM ), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), ANR-12-INEG-0002,Strat_Ineq,Interactions Sociales,Stratification et Inégalités ( 2012 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ANR-12-INEG-0002,Strat_Ineq,Interactions Sociales,Stratification et Inégalités(2012), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, decomposition methods, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Ethnic group, Segmented assimilation, Education, 0502 economics and business, Development economics, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, Statistical analysis, Sociology, 050207 economics, second-generation immigrants, 10. No inequality, Citizenship, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, media_common, 4. Education, Family characteristics, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Educational attainment, family background, Labor-market discrimination, educational attainment, 8. Economic growth, Demographic economics
Abstract

International audience; We use data from the Trajectoires et Origines survey to analyze ethnic gaps in education and labor-market outcomes between second-generation immigrants and their French-native counterparts. Our three main findings underscore the importance of family background in explaining lifelong ethnic inequalities. First, second-generation immigrants are on average less likely to experience education success than their native counterparts, with the education gap mainly being rooted in ethnic differences in family backgrounds. Second, while second-generation immigrants have on average a lower probability of employment and lower wages than natives, both gaps are mainly explained by the differences in education. Third, we find considerable heterogeneity across ethnic groups.

Published
2018

26. Trench-parallel spreading ridge subduction and its consequences for the geological evolution of the overriding plate: Insights from analogue models and comparison with the Neogene subduction beneath Patagonia

Author

Joseph Martinod, Benjamin Guillaume, Christian Sue, Matías C. Ghiglione, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, Méline Salze, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Estudios Andinos 'Don Pablo Groeber' (INDEAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), INSU-CNRS, A15-U02, ECOS-Sud, University of Bourgogne–Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre ( ISTerre ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Géosciences Rennes ( GR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INDEAN - Instituto de Estudios Andinos 'Don Pablo Groeber', Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Lithosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geociencias multidisciplinaria, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, SUBDUCTION, Analogue modeling, Asthenosphere, Patagonia, Oceanic ridge, Southernmost Andes, ANALOGUE MODELING, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, SLAB PULL FORCE, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcanic arc, Subduction, Mid-ocean ridge, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, LITHOSPHERE, PATAGONIA, Geophysics, Ridge, Trench, Slab, SOUTHERNMOST ANDES, Slab pull force, OCEANIC RIDGE, Geology, Seismology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

A series of 3-D asthenospheric-scale analogue models have been conducted in the laboratory in order to simulate the arrival of a spreading ridge at the trench and understand its effect on plate kinematics, slab geometry, and on the deformation of the overriding plate. These models are made of a two-layered linearly viscous system simulating the lithosphere and asthenosphere. We reproduce the progressive decrease in thickness of the oceanic lithosphere at the trench. We measure plate kinematics, slab geometry and upper plate deformation. Our experiments reveal that the subduction of a thinning plate beneath a freely moving overriding continent favors a decrease of the subduction velocity and an increase of the oceanic slab dip. When the upper plate motion is imposed by lateral boundary conditions, the evolution of the subducting plate geometry largely differs depending on the velocity of the overriding plate: the larger its trenchward velocity, the smaller the superficial dip of the oceanic slab. A slab flattening episode may occur resulting from the combined effect of the subduction of an increasingly thinner plate and the trenchward motion of a fast overriding plate. Slab flattening would be marked by an increase of the distance between the trench and the volcanic arc in nature. This phenomenon may explain the reported Neogene eastward motion of the volcanic arc in the Southern Patagonia that occurred prior to the subduction of the Chile Ridge. Fil: Salze, Méline. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Martinod, Joseph. Université de Savoie Mont Blanc; Francia Fil: Guillaume, Benjamin. Universite de Rennes I; Francia Fil: Kermarrec, Jean Jacques. Universite de Rennes I; Francia Fil: Ghiglione, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina Fil: Sue, Christian. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia

Published
2018

27. Formation of chlorite during thrust fault reactivation. Record of fluid origin and P-T conditions in the Monte Perdido thrust fault (southern Pyrenees)

Author

Torsten Vennemann, Thierry Adatte, M. Dubois, Pierre Labaume, Delphine Charpentier, Martine Buatier, Anna Travé, Brice Lacroix, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Minéralogie et Géochimie [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departament de Geodinàmica i Geofísica [Barcelona], Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Processus et bilan des domaines sédimentaires (PBDS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut de Minéralogie et Géochimie, Université de Lausanne, Université du Québec, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Processus et bilan des domaines sédimentaires ( PBDS ), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
hermometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphic rock, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, engineering.material, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Veins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Thrust fault, Chlorite, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, P-T conditions, Authigenic, Stable isotope, Clay minerals, Geophysics, chemistry, Shear (geology), Illite, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract

The chemical and isotopic compositions of clay minerals such as illite and chlorite are commonly used to quantify diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions, an approach that is also used in the present study of the Monte Perdido thrust fault from the South Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. The Monte Perdido thrust fault is a shallow thrust juxtaposing upper Cretaceous-Paleocene platform carbonates and Lower Eocene marls and turbidites from the Jaca basin. The core zone of the fault, about 6 m thick, consists of intensely deformed clay-bearing rocks bounded by major shear surfaces. Illite and chlorite are the main hydrous minerals in the fault zone. Illite is oriented along cleavage planes while chlorite formed along shear veins (< 50 mu m in thickness). Authigenic chlorite provides essential information about the origin of fluids and their temperature. delta O-18 and delta D values of newly formed chlorite support equilibration with sedimentary interstitial water, directly derived from the local hanging wall and footwall during deformation. Given the absence of large-scale fluid flow, the mineralization observed in the thrust faults records the P-T conditions of thrust activity. Temperatures of chlorite formation of about 240A degrees C are obtained via two independent methods: chlorite compositional thermometers and oxygen isotope fractionation between cogenetic chlorite and quartz. Burial depth conditions of 7 km are determined for the Monte Perdido thrust reactivation, coupling calculated temperature and fluid inclusion isochores. The present study demonstrates that both isotopic and thermodynamic methods applied to clay minerals formed in thrust fault are useful to help constrain diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions.

Published
2018

28. Tertiary tectono-metamorphic evolution of the European margin during Alpine collison: example of the Leventina Nappe (Central Alps, Switzerland)

Author

Alan Bruce Thompson, Roger Rütti, Didier Marquer, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Accretionary wedge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphic rock, Anticline, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Tectonic phase, Geology, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Central Alps, Leventina Nappe, deformation history, P-T evolution, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nappe, Shear (geology), Shear zone, Petrology, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mylonite
Abstract

The Leventina Nappe represents one of the lowermost exposed units in the Alpine nappe stack and corresponds to a slice of the European margin that was entrained into the Alpine continental accretionary prism during the Tertiary tectonic event. This study yields details regarding the tectonic and metamorphic history of the Leventina Nappe, through detailed analysis of structures and shear zone patterns, and the examination of the Si-content of white mica along a north-south profile. The Leventina Nappe underwent three phases of ductile deformation. Foliation S1 is mostly sub-parallel to the regionally dominant structural fabric (the S2 foliation). S2 foliation is penetratively developed in the structurally higher portions of the Leventina Nappe toward the Simano Nappe, while it is only weakly developed in the core of the Leventina Nappe. A 50 to 200 m wide mylonite zone, with a D2 top-to-NW sense of shear marks the boundary to the Simano Nappe. Throughout the Leventina Nappe only small-scale D2 shear bands (mm to cm wide) are observed, showing a top-to-NW sense of shear. Deformation phase D3 locally generated a vertical axial plane foliation (S3) associated with the large-scale D3 Leventina antiform. Microtextural evidence and phengite geobarometry were used to constrain the temperature and pressure conditions of equilibration of the Leventina Gneisses. Highest Si (pfu) values are preserved in the core of phengitic micas and reflect pressure and temperature conditions of around 8 kbar at 550°C and 10 kbar at 650°C in the northern and southern parts of the Leventina Nappe, respectively. Lower Si (pfu) values from the rims of white micas correspond to a metamorphic pressure of ca. 5 kbar during the exhumation of the unit. These metamorphic conditions are related to the underthrusting of the thinned European margin into the continental accretionary prism during late Eocene time. These new data allow us to propose a kinematic model for the Leventina Nappe during the Tertiary Alpine tectonics

Published
2018

29. Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores

Author

Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Thomas Münch, Thomas Laepple, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Alexey Ekaykin, Laurent Arnaud, Christophe Genthon, Alexandra Touzeau, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences, Universita di Trieste, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ( AARI ), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring ( Roshydromet ), Laboratoire Géomatériaux ( DGCB-LGM ), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Università degli studi di Trieste, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Géomatériaux (DGCB-LGM), and École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, human activities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:910
Abstract

International audience; The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition. By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.

Published
2018

30. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus shiquicus in a small mammal community on the eastern Tibetan Plateau: host species composition, molecular prevalence, and epidemiological implications

Author

Xiaohui Sun, Francis Raoul, Philip S. Craig, Belgees Boufana, Patrick Giraudoux, Zhenghuan Wang, Zhiqiang Mu, Jiayu Liu, Qingqiu Zuo, Junyao Wang, Xiaodong Weng, Xu Wang, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University [Shangaï] ( ECNU ), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Salford, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, China, Rodent, Ochotona curzoniae, 030231 tropical medicine, Echinococcus shiquicus, Foxes, Zoology, Rodentia, Tibet, Echinococcus multilocularis, Host Specificity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Small mammal, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, E. shiquicus, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, Tibetan Plateau, lcsh:RC109-216, Pika, Microtus, Phylogeny, Mammals, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Research, Lagomorpha, DNA, Helminth, biology.organism_classification, Echinococcus, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Haplotypes, Parasitology, Vole, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Background\ud The eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is now recognized as an endemic region with the highest reported human infection rates in the world of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Existing epidemiological studies on AE have mainly focused on the synanthropic environment, while basic parasitological and ecological aspects in wildlife host species remain largely unknown, especially for small mammal hosts. Therefore, we examined small mammal host species composition, occurrence, and the prevalence of both E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus in Shiqu County (Sichuan Province, China), eastern Tibetan Plateau.\ud \ud Results\ud In total, 346 small mammals from five rodent and one pika species were trapped from four randomly set 0.25 ha square plots. Two vole species, Lasiopodomys fuscus (n = 144) and Microtus limnophilus (n = 44), and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) (n = 135), were the three most-dominant species trapped. Although protoscoleces of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus were only observed in L. fuscus and O. curzoniae, respectively, cox1 and nad1 gene DNA of E. shiquicus was detected in all the small mammal species except for Neodon irene, whereas E. multilocularis was detected in the three most-dominant species. The overall molecular prevalence of Echinococcus species was 5.8 (95% CI: 3.3–8.2%) ~ 10.7% (95% CI: 7.4–14.0%) (the conservative prevalence to the maximum prevalence with 95% CI in parentheses), whereas for E. multilocularis it was 4.3 (95% CI: 2.2–6.5%) ~ 6.7% (95% CI: 4.0–9.3%), and 1.5 (95% CI: 0.2–2.7%) ~ 4.1% (95% CI: 2.0–6.1%) for E. shiquicus. The prevalence of both E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus, was significantly higher in rodents (mainly voles) than in pikas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Echinococcus haplotypes of cox1 from small mammal hosts were actively involved in the sylvatic and anthropogenic transmission cycles of E. multilocularis in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud In contrast to previous studies, the current results indicated that rodent species, rather than pikas, are probably more important natural intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Thus, understanding interspecific dynamics between rodents and pikas is essential to studies of the echinococcosis transmission mechanism and human echinococcosis prevention in local communities.\ud \ud Keywords:\ud Echinococcus multilocularis, E. shiquicus, Small mammal Prevalence, Tibetan Plateau

Published
2018

31. Nucleotide Sequence Database Comparison for Routine Dermatophyte Identification by Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Genetic Region DNA Barcoding

Author

Renaud Piarroux, Anne-Cécile Normand, Christophe Cassagne, Marijke Hendrickx, Stéphane Ranque, Ann Packeu, Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes ( VITROME ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées ( IRBA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030106 microbiology, Mycology, Biology, computer.software_genre, medicine.disease_cause, DNA barcoding, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, medicine, Cluster Analysis, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Dermatomycoses, Humans, Prospective Studies, Internal transcribed spacer, DNA, Fungal, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Phylogenetic tree, Database, Arthrodermataceae, Nucleic acid sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, chemistry, Dermatophyte, computer, DNA
Abstract

Conventional dermatophyte identification is based on morphological features. However, recent studies have proposed to use the nucleotide sequences of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as an identification barcode of all fungi, including dermatophytes. Several nucleotide databases are available to compare sequences and thus identify isolates; however, these databases often contain mislabeled sequences that impair sequence-based identification. We evaluated five of these databases on a clinical isolate panel. We selected 292 clinical dermatophyte strains that were prospectively subjected to an ITS2 nucleotide sequence analysis. Sequences were analyzed against the databases, and the results were compared to clusters obtained via DNA alignment of sequence segments. The DNA tree served as the identification standard throughout the study. According to the ITS2 sequence identification, the majority of strains (255/292) belonged to the genus Trichophyton , mainly T. rubrum complex ( n = 184), T. interdigitale ( n = 40), T. tonsurans ( n = 26), and T. benhamiae ( n = 5). Other genera included Microsporum (e.g., M. canis [ n = 21], M. audouinii [ n = 10], Nannizzia gypsea [ n = 3], and Epidermophyton [ n = 3]). Species-level identification of T. rubrum complex isolates was an issue. Overall, ITS DNA sequencing is a reliable tool to identify dermatophyte species given that a comprehensive and correctly labeled database is consulted. Since many inaccurate identification results exist in the DNA databases used for this study, reference databases must be verified frequently and amended in line with the current revisions of fungal taxonomy. Before describing a new species or adding a new DNA reference to the available databases, its position in the phylogenetic tree must be verified.

Published
2018

32. Wheezing phenotypes and risk factors in early life: The ELFE cohort

Author

Hallit , Souheil, Leynaert , Bénédicte, Delmas , Marie Christine, Rocchi , Steffi, De Blic , Jacques, Marguet , Christophe, Scherer , Émeline, Dufourg , Marie Noelle, Bois , Corinne, Reboux , Gabriel, Millon , Laurence, Charles , Marie Aline, Raherison , Chantal, Fehrenbach , Heinz, Bordeaux population health ( BPH ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice] ( SPF ), Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] ( ANSP ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de pédiatrie médicale et médecine de l'adolescent [Rouen], CHU Rouen-Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), INSERM-INED U822, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice] (SPF), Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - UFR Sciences du Vivant (UPD7 UFR Sciences du Vivant), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Service de pédiatrie néonatale et réanimation - neuropédiatrie [CHU Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Etude longitudinale française depuis l'enfance (UMS : Ined-Inserm-EFS) (ELFE), Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, and Admin, Oskar

Subjects
Male, Pulmonology, Physiology, Maternal Health, Eczema, lcsh:Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Cohort Studies, Families, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Allergies, Medicine and Health Sciences, Coughing, Longitudinal Studies, lcsh:Science, Children, Rhinitis, Allergic Diseases, Smoking, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Phenotype, Research Design, Maternal Exposure, Female, France, Algorithms, Research Article, Allergic Rhinitis, Immunology, Bronchi, Dermatology, Research and Analysis Methods, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Signs and Symptoms, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Diagnostic Medicine, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Secretion, Respiratory Sounds, Family Health, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Siblings, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, Correction, Rhinology, Respiration Disorders, Asthma, Otorhinolaryngology, Cough, Age Groups, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and Places, Nasal Diseases, Women's Health, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Population Groupings, Clinical Immunology, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Clinical Medicine, Physiological Processes
Abstract

International audience; Objective: Different phenotypes of wheezing have been described to date but not in early life. We aim to describe wheezing phenotypes between the ages of two months and one year, and assess risk factors associated with these wheezing phenotypes in a large birth cohort.Methods: We studied 18,041 infants from the ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children) birth cohort. Parents reported wheezing and respiratory symptoms at two and 12 months, and answered a complete questionnaire (exposure during pregnancy, parental allergy).Results: Children with no symptoms (controls) accounted for 77.2%, 2.1% had had wheezing at two months but no wheezing at one year (intermittent), 2.4% had persistent wheezing, while 18.3% had incident wheezing at one year. Comparing persistent wheezing to controls showed that having one sibling (ORa = 2.19) or 2 siblings (ORa = 2.23) compared to none, nocturnal cough (OR = 5.2), respiratory distress (OR = 4.1) and excess bronchial secretions (OR = 3.47) at two months, reflux in the child at 2 months (OR = 1.55), maternal history of asthma (OR = 1.46) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.57) were significantly associated with persistent wheezing. These same factors, along with cutaneous rash in the child at 2 months (OR = 1.13) and paternal history of asthma (OR = 1.32) were significantly associated with increased odds of incident wheezing. Having one sibling (ORa = 1.9) compared to none, nocturnal cough at 2 months (OR = 1.76) and excess bronchial secretions at 2 months (OR = 1.65) were significantly associated with persistent compared to intermittent wheezing.Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms (cough, respiratory distress, and excessive bronchial secretion) were significantly associated with a high risk of persistent wheezing at one year. Smoking exposure during pregnancy was also a risk factor for persistent and incident wheezing

Published
2018

33. Modelling vegetation dynamics in managed grasslands: Responses to drivers depend on species richness

Author

Antoine Perasso, François Gillet, Thibault Moulin, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratory of Ecological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Grassland model, Ecological succession, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Grassland, Plant succession, Multivariate regression trees, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Biomass (ecology), [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Species pool, Species diversity, food and beverages, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species evenness, Environmental science, Species richness, Soil fertility, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sensitivity analysis, Dynamic trees
Abstract

International audience; In mathematical grassland models, plant communities may be represented by a various number of state vari- ables, describing biomass compartments of some dominant species or plant functional types. The size of the initial species pool could have consequences on the outcome of the simulated ecosystem dynamics in terms of grassland productivity, diversity, and stability. This choice could also influence the model sensitivity to forcing parameters.To address these issues, we developed a dynamic grassland model, DynaGraM, designed to simulate seasonal changes in both aboveground biomass production and species composition of managed permanent grasslands under various soil, climate and management conditions. We compared simulation results from alternative in- stances of DynaGraM that only differ by the identity and number of state variables describing the green biomass, here plant species. We assessed the sensitivity of each instance of the model to key forcing parameters for climate, soil fertility, and defoliation disturbances, using univariate and multivariate regression trees and dy- namic trees.Results of 10-year simulations under various climate, fertility and defoliation conditions showed that the final total biomass was tending to increase with the size of the species pool, while species evenness and the proportion of surviving species was tending to decrease. We found a positive correlation between the species survival ratio and the defoliation intensity, and this correlation increased with the initial species richness. The sensitivity to forcing parameters of community structure and species evenness differed markedly among alternative models, showing a progressive shift from high importance of soil fertility (fertilisation level, mineralization rate) to high importance of defoliation (mowing frequency, grazing intensity) as the size of the species pool increased. By contrast, the key drivers of total biomass production were independent of species richness and only linked to resource supply (nitrogen and water).These results highlight the need to take into account the role of species diversity to explain the behaviour of grassland models.

Published
2018

34. Effects of sodium chloride salinity on ecophysiological and biochemical parameters of oak seedlings (Quercus robur L.) from use of de-icing salts for winter road maintenance

Author

Lotfi Aleya, Pascale Bourgeade, Mohamed Bourioug, Laurence Alaoui-Sehmer, Xavier Laffray, Badr Alaoui-Sossé, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture - Meknès, Ecole Nationale d?Agriculture - Meknès, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Salinity, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, Taproot, Sodium Chloride, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Vermiculite, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Chloride, Quercus robur, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Quercus, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, Dry weight, medicine, Soil Pollutants, Biomass, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, biology, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Food, Seedlings, Seedling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Potassium, Seasons, Environmental Monitoring, 010606 plant biology & botany, medicine.drug
Abstract

Salt is widely used to melt snow on roads especially in mountain regions. Whether as rock salt or aerosols, spread or sprayed over road surfaces, salt may result in increased salt concentrations in soils, which, in turn, affect natural vegetation, especially tree seedlings already subjected to various other types of abiotic stress. The authors investigated the effects of salt treatment-related stress on seedling growth and certain biochemical parameters in Quercus robur to determine ion concentrations in root tips. Seedlings growing in a quartz sand/vermiculite mixture were subjected to NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, or 100 mM for 5 weeks. The results showed that high NaCl concentrations caused a marked reduction in total leaf biomass 55 and 75% for 50 and 100 mM treatments, respectively, in dry weight of stems (84%) and roots (175%) for 100 mM treatment and modified root architecture, whereas no changes appeared in leaf number. A non-significant decrease in relative water content, with changes in ion balance was recorded. Comparison of stressed to control plants show an increase in sodium (3.5–8-fold), potassium (0.6-fold), and chloride (9.5–14-fold) concentrations in the root tips while the K+/Na+ ratio decreased. In taproots, no significant biochemical differences were observed between the salt-treated and the control plants for acid invertase activity, reducing sugars, sucrose, or soluble protein contents. The significance of ion and sugar accumulations in relation to osmotic adjustment and the ability of oak seedlings to cope with salt stress are discussed.

Published
2018

35. Male Gammarus roeseli provide smaller ejaculates to females infected with vertically transmitted microsporidian parasites

Author

François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Loïc Bollache, Thierry Rigaud, Christelle Couchoux, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), ANR-15-CE32-0006-01,CytoSexDet, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ANR-15-CE32-0006,CytoSexDet,Bases génétiques et conséquences évolutives de la détermination du sexe induite par les symbiotes(2015), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [ SDV.BDLR.RS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Biology, Insemination, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nosema granulosis, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, sperm investment, Gammarus roeseli, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, mate choice, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, mate guarding, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reproductive success, urogenital system, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, Dictyocoela, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Mate choice, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproductive value, Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

7 pages; International audience; The effects of parasites on the reproduction of their hosts are widespread, but studies investigating the effect of female parasitic status on sperm allocation in males, a form of postcopulatory mate choice, remain scarce. Because males are often sperm limited, strategic sperm investment, in which females of low reproductive value receive fewer sperm, is predicted to occur to maximize long-term male reproductive success. In this study based on pairs collected in natura, we investigated how Gammarus roeseli (Crustacea: Amphipoda) males allocated sperm when paired with females infected with the vertically transmitted, sex ratio-distorting, microsporidian parasites, Nosema granulosis or Dictyocoela sp. Since infected females had similar fecundity to uninfected ones, and offspring of females infected with N. granulosis showed a higher survival rate, we predicted equivalent or even larger sperm investment from males paired with infected females. Contrary to our predictions, males paired with infected females had a lower sperm count before insemination and provided smaller ejaculates than those paired with uninfected females. This pattern suggests either a strategic sperm investment as a function of the female's parasitic status, or that males in good condition had a higher probability of pairing with uninfected females than those in poor condition.

Published
2018

36. Constitutive activation of MexT by amino acid substitutions results in MexEF-OprN overproduction in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author

Patrick Plésiat, Catherine Llanes, Christophe Bordi, Isabelle Broutin, Paulo Juarez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques ( LCRB - UMR 8015 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires ( LISM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques (LCRB - UMR 8015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and ANR-17-CE11-0028,MISTEC,Systèmes d'efflux minimaux pour l'étude fonctionnelle des complexes tripartites de la paroi bactérienne(2017)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Downregulation and upregulation, Mechanisms of Resistance, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Overproduction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Regulator gene, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chloramphenicol, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Amino acid, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Amino Acid Substitution, Mutation, Efflux, medicine.drug
Abstract

When overproduced, the multidrug efflux system MexEF-OprN increases the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. In this work, we demonstrate that gain-of-function mutations in the regulatory gene mexT result in oligomerization of the LysR regulator MexT, constitutive upregulation of the efflux pump, and increased resistance in clinical isolates.

Published
2018

37. Tumor shape pulmonary mucormycosis associated with sinonasal aspergillosis in a diabetic patient

Author

Emilie Catherinot, Chantal Raherison, Fanny Lanternier, Frédéric Gabriel, Hugues Begueret, Elodie Blanchard, Sophie Point, Jacques Jougon, Manal Abdel Fattah, Frédéric Grenouillet, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Institut d'Histoire de la Pensée Classique ( IHPC ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d’Anatomo-Pathologie [CHU Pessac], CHU Pessac, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Inserm U1219, Institut Agronomique néo Calédonien, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Fungal infection, Posaconazole, Pathology, BAL, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, raft Versus Host disease, Case Report, Aspergillosis, Gastroenterology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diabetic ketoacidosis, PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction, GVH, raft Versus Host disease, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pulmonary mucormycosis, lcsh:R5-920, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, PCR, GVH, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.drug, Mucorales, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Sinusal aspergillosis, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, BAL, business.industry, Mucormycosis, Bronchial obstruction, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Bronchoalveolar lavage, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), Caspofungin, business
Abstract

International audience; Mucormycosis is a rare and life-threatening fungal infection of the Mucorales order occurring mainly in immunosuppressed patients. The most common forms are rhinocerebral but pulmonary or disseminated forms may occur. We report the case of a 61-year-old patient in whom pulmonary mucormycosis was diagnosed during his first-ever episode of diabetic ketoacidosis. While receiving liposomal amphotericin B, a sinusal aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus occurred. Evolution was slowly favorable under antifungal tritherapy by liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole and caspofungin.

Published
2018

38. Similar outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation after myeloablative and sequential conditioning regimen in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: A study from the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellula

Author

Mauricette Michallet, Justine Decroocq, Florence Beckerich, Felipe Suarez, Yves Beguin, Yosr Hicheri, Charlotte Jubert, Laurence Clement, Raphael Itzykson, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Nathalie Dhedin, Jean-Henri Bourhis, Didier Blaise, Martin Carre, Patrice Chevallier, Mélanie Mercier, Stephane Vigouroux, Charles Dauriac, Eric Deconinck, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Marie-Pierre Ledoux, Natacha Maillard, Jérôme Cornillon, Nathalie Contentin, Stephanie Nguyen-Quoc, Mohamad Mohty, Régis Peffault de Latour, Amandine Charbonnier, Anne Huynh, Nicole Raus, Gaelle Guillerm, Hématopoïèse normale et pathologique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dpt hématologie [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hematology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UAM Allogreffes de CSH, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire d'Hématologie [Purpan], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratory of molecular mechanisms of hematologic disorders and therapeutic implications (ERL 8254 - Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service d'Hématologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire d'hématologie (Labo Hémato - BREST), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hôpital de la Milétrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service d'hématologie [Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service d'Hématologie, Université de Liège, Département d'hématologie [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service Hématologie, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias (CHELTER), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Hôpital JeanMinjoz, Service d'hématologie [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Greffe de Moelle - Unité AJA, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Laboratoire d'hématologie ( ERL 8254 ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Service d'Hématologie Clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Laboratoire d'hématologie ( Labo Hémato - BREST ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne ( CHU de Saint-Etienne ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), CHU de Poitiers, CHU Angers, Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias - Clermont Auvergne ( CHELTER ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Institut Paoli Calmettes, Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), IFR Saint-Louis, institut d'hématologie ( ISLIH ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Male, Transplantation Conditioning, medicine.medical_treatment, Graft vs Host Disease, Salvage therapy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Medicine, [ SDV.MHEP.HEM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Cumulative incidence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Hematology, Middle Aged, Allografts, Donor Lymphocytes, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Treatment Outcome, Lymphocyte Transfusion, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Whole-Body Irradiation, Adult, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Disease-Free Survival, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, Survival rate, Retrospective Studies, Salvage Therapy, business.industry, Myeloablative Agonists, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Regimen, Graft-versus-host disease, business, Follow-Up Studies, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in relapse or refractory to induction therapy have a dismal prognosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option. In these patients, we aimed to compare the results of a myeloablative transplant versus a sequential approach consisting in a cytoreductive chemotherapy followed by a reduced intensity conditioning regimen and prophylactic donor lymphocytes infusions. We retrospectively analyzed 99 patients aged 18-50 years, transplanted for a refractory (52%) or a relapsed AML not in remission (48%). Fifty-eight patients received a sequential approach and 41 patients a myeloablative conditioning regimen. Only 6 patients received prophylactic donor lymphocytes infusions. With a median follow-up of 48 months, 2-year overall survival was 39%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (24-53) in the myeloablative group versus 33%, 95% CI (21-45) in the sequential groups (P = .39), and 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 57% versus 50% respectively (P = .99). Nonrelapse mortality was not higher in the myeloablative group (17% versus 15%, P = .44). In multivariate analysis, overall survival, CIR and nonrelapse mortality remained similar between the two groups. However, in multivariate analysis, sequential conditioning led to fewer acute grade II-IV graft versus host disease (GVHD) (HR for sequential approach = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21-0.65; P < .001) without a significant impact on chronic GVHD (all grades and extensive). In young patients with refractory or relapsed AML, myeloablative transplant and sequential approach offer similar outcomes except for a lower incidence of acute GvHD after a sequential transplant.

Published
2018

39. Continental weathering as a driver of Late Cretaceous cooling: new insights from clay mineralogy of Campanian sediments from the southern Tethyan margin to the Boreal realm

Author

Pierre Pellenard, Nicolas Thibault, Elise Chenot, Jean-François Deconinck, Lars Stemmerik, Myriam Boussaha, Michel Guiraud, Théophile Cocquerez, Jean-Pierre Sizun, Ian Jarvis, Mohammad Javad Razmjooei, Maxime Jaubert, James Richard, Ludovic Bruneau, Emmanuelle Pucéat, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University [London], IGN, IT University of Copenhagen, Department of Geology, Shahid Beheshti University, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Natural History Museum, Work supported by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)., ANR-12-BS06-0011,Anox-Sea,Rôle de la configuration des continents dans le développement d'anoxies globales dans l'océan profond. ( 2012 ), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and ANR-12-BS06-0011,Anox-Sea,Rôle de la configuration des continents dans le développement d'anoxies globales dans l'océan profond.(2012)

Subjects
Campanian, 010506 paleontology, Geochemistry, Late Cretaceous cooling, Continental weathering, Weathering, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, geography, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Climatic belt, Chlorite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Terrigenous sediment, Carbon isotope stratigraphy, 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Silicate, Cretaceous, Clay minerals, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Illite, engineering, Geology
Abstract

21 pages; International audience; New clay mineralogical analyses have been performed on Campanian sediments from the Tethyan and Boreal realms along a palaeolatitudinal transect from 45° to 20°N (Danish Basin, North Sea, Paris Basin, Mons Basin, Aquitaine Basin, Umbria-Marche Basin and Tunisian Atlas). Significant terrigenous inputs are evidenced by increasing proportions of detrital clay minerals such as illite, kaolinite and chlorite at various levels in the mid- to upper Campanian, while smectitic minerals predominate and represented the background of the Late Cretaceous clay sedimentation. Our new results highlight a distinct latitudinal distribution of clay minerals, with the occurrence of kaolinite in southern sections and an almost total absence of this mineral in northern areas. This latitudinal trend points to an at least partial climatic control on clay mineral sedimentation, with a humid zone developed between 20° and 35°N. The association and co-evolution of illite, chlorite and kaolinite in most sections suggest a reworking of these minerals from basement rocks weathered by hydrolysis, which we link to the formation of relief around the Tethys due to compression associated with incipient Tethyan closure. Diachronism in the occurrence of detrital minerals between sections, with detrital input starting earlier during the Santonian in the south than in the north, highlights the northward progression of the deformation related to the anticlockwise rotation of Africa. Increasing continental weathering and erosion, evidenced by our clay mineralogical data through the Campanian, may have resulted in enhanced CO2 consumption by silicate weathering, thereby contributing to Late Cretaceous climatic cooling.

Published
2018

40. Exploring the deviations from scale-invariance of spatial distributions of buildings using a Geographically Weighted Fractal Analysis. An application to twenty French middle-size metropolitan areas

Author

Sémécurbe, François, Tannier, Cécile, Roux, Stephane G., Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager ( ThéMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Tannier, Cécile, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, built textures, suburban fringes, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, scale invariance, fractal analysis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], mainland France, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

In the early twentieth century a handful of French geographers and historians famously suggested that mainland France comprised two agrarian systems: enclosed field systems with scattered settlements in the central and western France, and openfield systems with grouped settlements in eastern France. This division between grouped and scattered settlements can still be found on the outskirts of urban areas. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the shape of urban areas varies with the type of built patterns in their periphery. To this end, we identify and characterise the local and global deviations from scale-invariance of built patterns in metropolitan France. We propose a new method –Geographically Weighted Fractal Analysis – that can characterize built patterns at a fine spatial resolution without making any a priori distinction between urban patterns and suburban or rural patterns. By applying GWFA to the spatial distribution of buildings throughout mainland France we identify six geographically consistent types of built patterns that are distinctive in the way buildings are either concentrated or dispersed across scales. The relationship between the local built textures and the global shape of twenty metropolitan areas is then analysed statistically. It is found that the proportion of dispersed (or concentrated) outer suburban built patterns in metropolitan areas is closely related to the distance threshold that marks the morphological limit of their urban areas.

Published
2018

41. The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead

Author

Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Patrick Mavingui, Gilles Boetsch, Jérôme Boissier, Frédéric Darriet, Priscilla Duboz, Clémentine Fritsch, Patrick Giraudoux, Frédérique Le Roux, Serge Morand, Christine Paillard, Dominique Pontier, Cédric Sueur, Yann Voituron, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle ( UAABC ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins ( LBI2M ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Téssékéré International Human-Environment Observatory Labex DRIIM, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical ( PIMIT ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMI 3189 ESS Environnement, santé, sociétés, ( UMI 3189 ), CNRS and Cheikh Anta Diop University, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes marins, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), UPR ASTRE, CIRAD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LabEx Ecofect, Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (UMI ESS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Giraudoux, Patrick, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, EcoHealth, Environmental pollution, Disease, Review, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, maladie infectieuse, One health, ecotoxicology, infectious disease, interdisciplinary research, multifactorial disease, non-communicable disease, public health, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, 3. Good health, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, One Health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, écotoxicologie, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Public policy, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Globalization, medicine, Environmental planning, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Public health, ACL, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, santé publique, lcsh:SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Over the past decade, a significant increase in the circulation of infectious agents was observed. With the spread and emergence of epizootics, zoonoses, and epidemics, the risks of pandemics became more and more critical. Human and animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and the develop- ment of multifactorial and chronic diseases. This highlighted the increasing globalization of health risks and the importance of the human–animal–ecosystem interface in the evo- lution and emergence of pathogens. A better knowledge of causes and consequences of certain human activities, lifestyles, and behaviors in ecosystems is crucial for a rigor- ous interpretation of disease dynamics and to drive public policies. As a global good, health security must be understood on a global scale and from a global and crosscutting perspective, integrating human health, animal health, plant health, ecosystems health, and biodiversity. In this study, we discuss how crucial it is to consider ecological, evolu- tionary, and environmental sciences in understanding the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and in facing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss the application of the “One Health” concept to non-communicable chronic dis- eases linked to exposure to multiple stresses, including toxic stress, and new lifestyles. Finally, we draw up a list of barriers that need removing and the ambitions that we must nurture for the effective application of the “One Health” concept. We conclude that the success of this One Health concept now requires breaking down the interdisciplinary barriers that still separate human and veterinary medicine from ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. The development of integrative approaches should be pro- moted by linking the study of factors underlying stress responses to their consequences on ecosystem functioning and evolution. This knowledge is required for the development of novel control strategies inspired by environmental mechanisms leading to desired equilibrium and dynamics in healthy ecosystems and must provide in the near future a framework for more integrated operational initiatives.

Published
2018

42. Structural, metamorphic and geochronological insights on the Variscan evolution of the Alpine basement in the Belledonne Massif (France)

Author

Marc Poujol, Olivier Bruguier, Kévin Fréville, Olivier Blein, Wei Lin, Jérémie Melleton, Xian-Hua Li, Pierre Trap, Michel Faure, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Academy of Inspection And Quarantine (CAIQ), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Terre, Temps, Traçage, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISTO, BRGMBRGM, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en Région Centre, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Inspection And Quarantine ( CAIQ ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Rennes ( GR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Metamorphism, Thermobarometry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nappe, Alpine External Crystalline Massifs, Lineation, SIMS and LA-ICP-MS dating, Metamorphic facies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Schist, Orogeny, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Massif, Variscan Belt, Geophysics, Zircon and monazite dating, Geology, Zircon, Belledonne Massif
Abstract

International audience; A structural and petrochronological study was carried out in the southern part of the Belledonne crystalline massif. A first tectonometamorphic event, Dx, corresponds to the eastward thrusting of the Chamrousse ophiolitic complex characterized by a low-temperature–moderate-pressure metamorphism reaching 0.535 ± 0.045 GPa and 427.5 ± 17.5 °C. A subsequent D1 deformation is defined by a penetrative S1 foliation that mostly dips toward the west and displays an E–W- to NE–SW-trending mineral and stretching lineation L1. D1 is associated with a top-to-the east shearing and is responsible for the crustal thickening accommodated by the eastward nappe stacking and the emplacement of the Chamrousse ophiolitic complex upon the Rioupéroux-Livet unit. This event is characterized by an amphibolite facies metamorphism (0.58 GPa ± 0.06; 608 ± 14 °C) that attains partial melting at the base of the nappe pile (0.78 ± 0.07 GPa; 680.5 ± 11.5 °C). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of monazite grains from the mica schists of the Rioupéroux-Livet unit constrain the age of D1 to 337 ± 7 Ma. The D2 tectono-metamorphic event is characterized by NE–SW trending, upright to NE-verging synfolial folding. Folding associated with D2 is pervasively developed in all lithotectonic units with the development of a steeply-dipping S2 foliation. In particular, D2 involves the uppermost weakly metamorphosed Taillefer unit. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating performed on detrital zircon grains shows that the Taillefer conglomerates was deposited during the Visean. A zircon SIMS U-Pb age of 352 ± 1 Ma from a plagioglase-rich leucocratic sill of the Rioupéroux-Livet unit is interpreted as the age of magmatic emplacement. Our results suggest that the D2 event took place between 330 Ma and 310 Ma. We propose a new interpretation of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the southern part of the Belledonne massif, focusing on the Middle Carboniferous stages of the Variscan orogeny.

Published
2018

43. Anthraco-typology as a key approach to past firewood exploitation and woodland management reconstructions. Dendrological reference dataset modelling with dendro-anthracological tools

Author

Jean-Luc Dupouey, Dominique Marguerie, Michel Lemoine, Olivier Girardclos, Noémie Nocus, Sylvie Coubray, Alexa Dufraisse, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, centre archéologique de Pantin (Inrap, Pantin), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR JCJC 200101, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-10-JCJC-2001,DENDRAC,Développement d'outils dendrométriques appliqués à l'anthracologie : étude des relations homme-ressources-environnement(2010), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de rcherches archéologiques de Pantin (Inrap, Pantin), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap, Pantin ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR (ANR JCJC 200101)

Subjects
anthraco-typology, dendro-anthracological tools, 010506 paleontology, deciduous oak 45 46, firewood management, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Forest management, Context (language use), Woodland, Firewood, 01 natural sciences, Coppicing, 44 anthraco-group, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Anthracology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 060102 archaeology, Forestry, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, High forest, Geography, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Charcoal analysis aims to study different aspects of forest management, techno-economical choices and their specific impact on past landscapes, as well as the impact of climatic events. However, at the present time, charcoal analysis is generally limited to the study of a list of taxa and their relative frequency, as the methods usually employed in dendrochronology to characterize past woodland, based on long tree-ring series, are not suitable for anthracological material. Today, the new challenge for charcoal analysis is thus to develop adapted dendrological tools. In this context, the aim of the ANR DENDRAC project “Development of dendrometrical tools applied to anthracology: study of the interactions between Man, resources and environments” was to characterize modern-day wood stands in accordance with historical woodland practices and convert dendroecological data into parameters adapted to charcoal analysis. The purpose of this study is to define the dendrological features with the help of the anthracological tools without explaining the observed differences between the sampled stands (given the stational variability, age and regeneration modes). The first step consisted in creating dendro-anthracological tools based on morpho-anatomical criteria that help to characterize growth, distinguish heartwood from sapwood and evaluate charcoal-pith distance. The second step involves characterizing three modern-day wood stands (coppice under standard, high forest and young stand formed by a mixture of seeded and coppice trees), defined by their structure, stand density and regeneration modes, using dendrological data measured on fresh wood material and modelled into anthracological data with the dendro-anthracological tools. In this way, anthracological types were defined for each wood stand, forming anthraco-typological models, which area useful for the interpretation of archaeological charcoal assemblages. Finally, an anthracological key is proposed to sort archaeological charcoal fragments in anthraco-groups before data processing.

Published
2018

44. Modelling the distribution and compositional variation of plant communities at the continental scale

Author

Daniel Dítě, Jonathan Lenoir, Xavier Font, Željko Škvorc, Milan Chytrý, Zygmunt Kącki, François Gillet, Joop H.J. Schaminée, Laura Casella, Stephan M. Hennekens, Michal Hájek, Emiliano Agrillo, Florian Jansen, Petra Hájková, Jozef Šibík, Susana Suárez-Seoane, Ute Jandt, John S. Rodwell, Jörg Brunet, Henry Brisse, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ariel Bergamini, Wolfgang Willner, Jose Manuel Álvarez-Martínez, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Lucia Sekulová, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Area de Ecología, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León [León], ALTERRA Wageningen, ALTERRA, Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses ( VINCA ), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, WSL Lausanne, WSL, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Botany & Zoology, Masaryk, Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés ( EDYSAN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), University of Nijmegen, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses (VINCA), Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Laboratory of Ecological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Universitat de Barcelona, Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, generalized dissimilarity modelling, Occupancy, extent of occurrence, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, habitat conservation, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Extrapolation, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geographical distance, vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Plant varieties, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vegetatie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sampling bias, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vegetation, Varietats de plantes, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, community distribution models, Habitat conservation, Species diversity, Plant community, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Ecología. Medio ambiente, plant communities, Habitat, community distribution models, ecosystem properties, extent of occurrence, generalized dissimilarity modelling, habitat conservation, plant communities, vegetation, Environmental science, ecosystem properties, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Physical geography, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Aim. We investigate whether (1) environmental predictors allow to delineate the distribution of discrete community types at the continental scale and (2) how data completeness influences model generalization in relation to the compositional variation of the modelled entities. Location. Europe. Methods. We used comprehensive datasets of two community types of conservation concern in Europe: acidophilous beech forests and base‐rich fens. We computed community distribution models (CDMs) calibrated with environmental predictors to predict the occurrence of both community types, evaluating geographical transferability, interpolation and extrapolation under different scenarios of sampling bias. We used generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) to assess the role of geographical and environmental drivers in compositional variation within the predicted distributions. Results. For the two community types, CDMs computed for the whole study area provided good performance when evaluated by random cross‐validation and external validation. Geographical transferability provided lower but relatively good performance, while model extrapolation performed poorly when compared with interpolation. Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed a predominant effect of geographical distance on compositional variation, complemented with the environmental predictors that also influenced habitat suitability. Main conclusions. Correlative approaches typically used for modelling the distribution of individual species are also useful for delineating the potential area of occupancy of community types at the continental scale, when using consistent definitions of the modelled entity and high data completeness. The combination of CDMs with GDM further improves the understanding of diversity patterns of plant communities, providing spatially explicit information for mapping vegetation diversity and related habitat types at large scales.

Published
2018

45. Spatial Dimensions of the Risks of Rodenticide Use to Non-target Small Mammals and Applications in Spatially Explicit Risk Modeling

Author

Nico W. van den Brink, Patrick Giraudoux, Clémentine Fritsch, Michael Coeurdassier, Marion Jacquot, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), and Fritsch, Clémentine

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), Home range, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Bank vole, Wood mouse, Habitat, CE - Molecular Ecology Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Management, Threatened species, Life Science, Vole, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Water vole, Environmental planning, Toxicologie, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Both target and non-target small mammals are exposed to rodenticides (AR). A better understanding of the drivers controlling this exposure is critical for the conservation of threatened small mammal species but also because they may represent important pathways of poisoning for birds of prey and carnivore mammals. Here, we consider the spatial components involved in the process of small mammal exposure to ARs with the aim to address how these can be used in spatially explicit risk assessment. We present how various drivers operate on multiple spatial scales. On continental and/or regional scales, both biogeographical distribution of small mammals and other species of conservation value and international/national regulations of AR applications (indoor vs outdoor…) could be used to identify some countries or states where exposure is more likely. For application at the local scale (i.e. few km2), we reviewed published studies that analysed the spatial pattern of small mammal exposure to ARs according to species and distance to treatments. We evidence that most of the small mammals exposed to AR are found in the immediate vicinity of treatment areas, i.e., within 100 m. Over 100 m, exposed rodents are rare but can be found until 750 m distance from treatment areas. Species traits related to spatial dimension such as habitat preferences, home range size and mobility also influence exposure. Exposure is variable, in terms of proportion of contaminated individuals and levels of residues, for species showing small home-range size and a limited spatial mobility. The level of exposure depends on whether the main habitat of the given species is similar or not to the one of the target rodent. For instance, exposure of the common vole, a grassland species, is low when ARs are used indoor while it can be highly exposed when bromadiolone is applied outdoor to control the water vole, a sympatric species. For small mammals exhibiting a relatively large home-range size and a high spatial mobility such as the wood mouse and the bank vole, the exposure is commonly reported within a lower range than target species. Although this has not been studied in details, we also address how landscape and/or habitat features may modulate exposure, suggesting that landscape management may help to mitigate the risk of ARs to small mammals. Finally, we discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of statistical, analytical or simulation models to assess potential or actual exposure of NTSM to AR in a spatially explicit way. We conclude that in order to analyse global patterns in usage and exposure risks, large scale statistical modelling should be used while for detailed site specific assessments, simulation models may be more appropriate.

Published
2018

46. Ecologic Features of Plague Outbreak Areas, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2004–2014

Author

Benoit Kebela Ilunga, Georges Diatta, Martine Piarroux, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Jean-Christophe Shako, Jean Gaudart, Bertrand Sudre, Aaron Aruna Abedi, Stomy Karhemere Bi Shamamba, Renaud Piarroux, Bernard Davoust, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa [Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo], Plague Reference Laboratory [Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), National Institute of Biomedical Research [Congo Kinshasa], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases [UMR 7278/INSERM UM 63/IRD 3R-198], HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -ORS PACA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes ( VITROME ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées ( IRBA ), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections ( MEPHI ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Abedi, Aaron Aruna

Subjects
Time Factors, Yersinia pestis, lcsh:Medicine, Forests, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Tropical climate, Epidemiology, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomics, bacteria, biology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, dynamics, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Population Surveillance, rodents, Synopsis, Democratic Republic of the Congo, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, epidemiology, ecology, pneumonic plague, environment, Microbiology (medical), Pneumonic plague, future, medicine.medical_specialty, villages, 030231 tropical medicine, Disease cluster, Plague (disease), Mining, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecologic Features of Plague Outbreak Areas, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2004–2014, uganda, Occupational Exposure, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, emergence, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, lcsh:RC109-216, climate, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Plague, lcsh:R, Tropics, Outbreak, west nile region, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, zoonoses, predictors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

International audience; During 2004–2014, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared 54% of plague cases worldwide. Using national data, we characterized the epidemiology of human plague in DRC for this period. All 4,630 suspected human plague cases and 349 deaths recorded in DRC came from Orientale Province. Pneumonic plague cases (8.8% of total) occurred during 2 major outbreaks in mining camps in the equatorial forest, and some limited outbreaks occurred in the Ituri highlands. Epidemics originated in 5 health zones clustered in Ituri, where sporadic bubonic cases were recorded throughout every year. Classification and regression tree characterized this cluster by the dominance of ecosystem 40 (mountain tropical climate). In conclusion, a small, stable, endemic focus of plague in the highlands of the Ituri tropical region persisted, acting as a source of outbreaks in DRC.

Published
2018

47. Higher third-generation cephalosporin prescription proportion is associated with lower probability of reducing carbapenem use: a nationwide retrospective study

Author

Allison Muller, Xavier Bertrand, Anne-Marie Rogues, Muriel Péfau, Serge Alfandari, Rémy Gauzit, Catherine Dumartin, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, on behalf of the ATB-RAISIN network steering committee, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Service des maladies infectieuses, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation [Hôtel-Dieu], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Bordeaux population health ( BPH ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Unité de Réanimation, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Carbapenem, Multidrug-resistant bacteria, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Acute care, polycyclic compounds, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Practice Patterns, Physicians', Antibiotic stewardship, Cross Infection, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Glycopeptides, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Prescriptions, Antibiotic use, France, medicine.drug, Fluoroquinolones, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Guidelines as Topic, Tazobactam, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Enterobacteriaceae, Intensive care, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Medical prescription, Probability, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Cephalosporins, Logistic Models, ESBL, Carbapenems, Emergency medicine, bacteria, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Piperacillin
Abstract

Background The ongoing extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) pandemic has led to an increasing carbapenem use, requiring release of guidelines for carbapenem usage in France in late 2010. We sought to determine factors associated with changes in carbapenem use in intensive care units (ICUs), medical and surgical wards between 2009 and 2013. Methods This ward-level multicentre retrospective study was based on data from French antibiotic and multidrug-resistant bacteria surveillance networks in healthcare facilities. Antibiotic use was expressed in defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days. Factors associated with the reduction in carbapenem use (yes/no) over the study period were determined from random-effects logistic regression model (493 wards nested within 259 healthcare facilities): ward characteristics (type, size…), ward antibiotic use (initial antibiotic use [i.e., consumption of a given antibiotic in 2009], initial antibiotic prescribing profile [i.e., proportion of a given antibiotic in the overall antibiotic consumption in 2009] and reduction in the use of a given antibiotic between 2009 and 2013) and regional ESBL-PE incidence rate in acute care settings in 2011. Results Over the study period, carbapenem consumption in ICUs (n = 85), medical (n = 227) and surgical wards (n = 181) was equal to 73.4, 6.2 and 5.4 defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days, respectively. Release of guidelines was followed by a significant decrease in carbapenem use within ICUs and medical wards, and a slowdown in use within surgical wards. The following factors were independently associated with a higher probability of reducing carbapenem use: location in Eastern France, higher initial carbapenem prescribing profile and reductions in consumption of fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides and piperacillin/tazobactam. In parallel, factors independently associated with a lower probability of reducing carbapenem use were ICUs, ward size increase, wards of cancer centres, higher initial third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) prescribing profile and location in high-risk regions for ESBL-PE. Conclusions Our study suggests that a decrease in 3GCs in the overall antibiotic use and the continuation of reduction in fluoroquinolone use, could allow reducing carbapenem use, given the well-demonstrated role of 3GCs and fluoroquinolones in the occurrence of ESBL-PE. Thus, antibiotic stewardship programs should target wards with higher 3GC prescription proportions to reduce them.

Published
2018

48. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author

Kees Camphuysen, Jannik Hansen, Tanya Pyk, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Sébastien Descamps, Craig A. Walling, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Johannes Lang, Michael J. Dunn, Olof Olsson, Carolyn Mostello, Paulo Catry, A. G. Wood, Magdalene Langset, Amélie Lescroël, Yutaka Watanuki, David G. Ainley, Phil O'b. Lyver, Børge Moe, Raül Ramos, Walter S. Svagelj, Pete Warzybok, Peter H. Becker, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter G. Ryan, Ian C. T. Nisbet, Jaime Jahncke, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Michael P. Harris, Hugh Drummond, Benoît Sittler, Daniel Oro, T. K. Reiertsen, Francis Daunt, Peter J. Kappes, Grant Ballard, Peter R. Wilson, Robert T. Barrett, William R. Fraser, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, José Pedro Granadeiro, Christopher A. Surman, Mark Newell, Flavio Quintana, Cristina Rodríguez, Zofia M. Burr, Sue Lewis, Sarah Wanless, Nina Dehnhard, Meritxell Genovart, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, Colin Southwell, Katharine Keogan, Henri Weimerskirch, Russell W. Bradley, David Monticelli, Sandra Bouwhuis, Katie M. Dugger, Mark L. Mallory, Ian L. Jones, André Chiaradia, Paula Shannon, April Hedd, Alexander L. Bond, Maud Poisbleau, Kerry J. Barton, Vivian Pattison, George J. Divoky, Jérôme Fort, Lisa W. Nicholson, Philippa Agnew, José Manuel Igual, David Grémillet, Richard J. Cuthbert, Louise Emmerson, Jaime A. Ramos, Loïc Bollache, Jefferson T. Hinke, Tony Diamond, Per-Arvid Berglund, Olivier Gilg, Albert B. Phillimore, Claus Bech, Jacob González-Solís, Watanuki, Yutaka, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ( CEH ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony, H.T. Harvey & Associates, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Point Blue Conservation Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Avian Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], The University Centre in Svalbard ( UNIS ), Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ) -Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ( MARE ), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida ( ISPA ), Phillip Island Nature Parks, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University [Melbourne], Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Norvegian Polar Research Institute ( NPRI ), Norwegian Polar Institute, University of New Brunswick ( UNB ), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Centre for Conservation Biology, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polar Oceans Research Group [USA], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats ( IMEDEA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat i Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town-Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Marine Fisheries Service, Population Ecology Group, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ( JLU ), Biology, Acadia University, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Department of Psychology, Biology and Ocean Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Halfmoon Biosciences, I. C. T. Nisbet & Company, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Population Ecology Group ( IMEDEA ), Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Deakin Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Instituto de Biologia de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Department of Zoology, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Arctic Research Centre, National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program, Chair Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras ( IIMyC ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ) -Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Landcare Research, University of Edinburgh-Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)-Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), University of Antwerp (UA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Population Ecology Group (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos [Chubut] (IBIOMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Universitat de Barcelona, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pelecaniformes, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, SEABIRDS, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, OCEAN SCIENCE, Ecology and Environment, Predation, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, Ciencias Biológicas, biology.animal, Ocells marins, ocean sciences, Canvi climàtic, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Trophic level, Apex predator, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Primary producers, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Physics, Sea birds, Climatic changes, biology.organism_classification, Fenologia, Climatic change, Suliformes, Chemistry, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Phenology, 13. Climate action, Seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Canvis climàtics
Abstract

Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity , and is often sensitive to climatic conditions . Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey . This is of particular concern for highertrophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction5 . Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1 ) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1 ) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources Fil: Keogan, Katharine. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Daunt, Francis. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Wanless, Sarah. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Phillips, Richard A.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Walling, Craig A.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Agnew, Philippa. Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; . Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Ainley, David G.. HT Harvey and Associates; Estados Unidos Fil: Anker-Nilssen, Tycho. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Ballard, Grant. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Barrett, Robert T.. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega Fil: Barton, Kerry J.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Bech, Claus. Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Noruega Fil: Becker, Peter. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Berglund, Per-Arvid. University of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Marine Research, Department of Aquatic Resources; Suecia Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Bond, Alexander L.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Bouwhuis, Sandra. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bradley, Russell W.. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Burr, Zofia M.. The University Centre In Svalbard; Noruega Fil: Camphuysen, Kees. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Catry, Paulo. Ispa - Instituto Universitário; Portugal Fil: Chiaradia, Andre. Monash University; Australia. Phillip Island Nature Park; Australia Fil: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Cuthbert, Richard. Royal Society For The Protection Of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Dehnhard, Nina. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Descamps, Sébastien. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Diamond, Tony. University Of New Brunswick; Canadá Fil: Divoky, George. Friends of Cooper Island; Estados Unidos Fil: Drummond, Hugh. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Dugger, Katie M.. United States Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Dunn, Michael J.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Emmerson, Louise. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Erikstad, Kjell Einar. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Fort, Jérôme. Université de la Rochelle; Francia Fil: Fraser, William. Polar Oceans Research Group; Estados Unidos Fil: Genovart, Meritxell. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia. Groupe de Recherches En Ecologie Arctique; Fil: González-Solís, Jacob. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Granadeiro, José Pedro. Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Grémillet, David. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Hansen, Jannik. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Hanssen, Sveinn A.. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Harris, Mike. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Hedd, April. Environment Canada; Canadá Fil: Hinke, Jefferson. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Igual, José Manuel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Jahncke, Jaime. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Jones, Ian. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Kappes, Peter J.. Oregon Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit; Estados Unidos Fil: Lang, Johannes. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Langset, Magdalene. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lescroël, Amélie. Géosciences Montpellier; Francia Fil: Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lyver, Phil O'B.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Mallory, Mark. Acadia University; Canadá Fil: Moe, Børge. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Montevecchi, William A.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Monticelli, David. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Mostello, Carolyn. Massachusetts Division Of Fisheries And Wildlife; Estados Unidos Fil: Newell, Mark. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Nicholson, Lisa. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Nisbet, Ian. I. C. T. Nisbet & Company; Estados Unidos Fil: Olsson, Olof. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Oro, Daniel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Pattison, Vivian. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society; Canadá Fil: Poisbleau, Maud. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Pyk, Tanya. Deakin University; Australia Fil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramos, Jaime A.. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Ramos, Raül. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Rodríguez, Cristina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Ryan, Peter. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Sanz-Aguilar, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Schmidt, Niels M.. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Shannon, Paula. National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoit. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Southwell, Colin. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Surman, Christopher. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Svagelj, Walter Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Trivelpiece, Wayne. Bolinas; Estados Unidos Fil: Warzybok, Pete. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Watanuki, Yutaka. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Weimerskirch, Henri. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Wilson, Peter R.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Wood, Andrew G.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Phillimore, Albert B.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Lewis, Sue. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido

Published
2018

49. L’utilisation du clou dans l’architecture aux IIe-Ier siècles av. J.-C. : technologie, typologie, conservation, fréquence

Author

Blondel, François, Taillandier, Valérie, Pieters, Maxence, Guillaumet, Jean-Paul, Guillaumet, Jean-Paul, Anne Villard-le-Tiec, Yves Menez, Patrick Maguer, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Blondel F., Taillandier V., Pieters M., Guillaumet J.-P., Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre ardennais de recherche archéologique (CARA), Anne Villard-Le-Tiec, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Archeology, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, earth and wood architecture, Deuxième âge du Fer, architecture terre et bois, Typologie, Artefacts, âge du Fer, Typology, Archéologie, Nagel, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Zweite Eisenzeit, Architecture, Second iron Age, clou, nail, Erd- und Holzarchitektur, Latène D, La Tène D, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Archäologie
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

50. Aging, Metabolic, and Degenerative Disorders: Biomedical Value of Antioxidants

Author

Lotfi Aleya, Nikhat J. Siddiqi, Nadia I. Zakhary, Simona G. Bungǎu, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Raghvendra A. Bohara, Suez Canal University. Ismailia. Egypt, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Oradea, Romania, D.Y. Patil University , Kolhapur, India, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Yokohama City University (YCU), and Yokohama City University

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, Article Subject, Degenerative Disorder, MEDLINE, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolic Diseases, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:QH573-671, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Cytology, business.industry, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cell Biology, General Medicine, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 3. Good health, Oxidative Stress, Editorial, 030104 developmental biology, [ SDV.SP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Value (mathematics), [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Introductory Journal Article
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

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