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Four Yunohamella species are reported from Hubei Province, China, including two new species: Y. gutenbergi R. Zhong, J. Liu & Hu, sp. nov. (♂) and Y. mohorovicici R. Zhong, J. Liu & Hu, sp. nov. (♂). Yunohamella jiugongensis (Liu & Zhong, 2023), comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Cryptachaea Archer, 1946, and Y. lyrica (Walckenaer, 1841) is newly recorded from Hubei Province and is considered as a senior synonym of Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906).

Although deep learning models dominate time series forecasting, they still struggle with long-sequence processing due to the challenges of extracting dynamic fluctuations and pattern features as input length increases. To address this challenge, we propose a framework – LG-MSMixer—to enhance long-term time series forecasting through three key steps: multi-scale dual decomposition, local-global information extraction, and fusion prediction. Specifically, we first conduct multi-scale dual decomposition of the long input sequence to derive a seasonal-trend component combination. To capture a more comprehensive effective information within the components, we then utilize a customized patch-based triple attention local-global information extractor that models both temporal feature information and variable dependencies, alongside an MLP-based feature interaction iterator facilitating interactions among multi-scale information to guide macro-level predictions. Finally, we integrate the predictions from the multi-scale sequences to leverage their complementary advantages. In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of LG-MSMixer across various real-world long-term forecasting tasks, significantly outperforming previous baselines.

Abstract Background The study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, the variations in their immune status, and mortality risk among HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors (LTNP). Methods Eligible LTNP and typical progressors (TP) were recruited in Guangxi by December 2018. Participants were followed up until December 2022, monitoring ART status, CD4+ T cell counts, and survival/death outcomes. Multivariate logistic, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier method were employed to scrutinize associated factors and mortality risk of LTNP. Results A total of 212 LTNP and 390 TP were included. LTNP cohort predominantly comprised males (84.43%), those diagnosed with HIV at age ≤ 40 years (93.87%), and those infected through injection drug use (59.91%). The mortality rate of LTNP were lower than TP (12.74% vs. 27.18%). TP had a higher mortality risk compared to LTNP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.051, 95% CI: 2.284–7.186, P

Abstract Background It is known that genomic instability contributes to cancer development. Mitotically associated long non-coding RNA (MANCR) has been reported to promote genomic stability, suggesting its involvement in cancers. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of MANCR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods After NSCLC (n = 60) and control (healthy subjects, n = 60) plasma samples, as well as NSCLC and paired non-tumor tissues from patients were collected, the levels of MANCR expression in plasma and tissues was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then the correlations of MANCR expression with clinical stages were confirmed. The diagnostic values of MANCR in both plasma and tissue samples for stage I/II NSCLC were analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. All NSCLC patients were monitored for 5 years to investigate the role of MANCR in the prediction of patients’ survival. Results MANCR expression was downregulated in both NSCLC plasma and tissue of NSCLC patients compared to controls (P 0.05). Additionally, stage I/II NSCLC patients were separated from controls using MANCR in plasma and tumor tissues as biomarkers. Lower MANCR levels in plasma and tumor were closely correlated with patients’ higher mortality rate. Conclusion MANCR is down-expressed in NSCLC patients and may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.

The pH-sensitive Tannic acid@ Benzotriazole@ Poly (hydroxypropyl acrylate-triethoxyvinylsilane -acrylic acid)/polyethyl enimide (TBP) gels loaded with corrosion inhibitors and the modified TBP composite coatings (TBP/EP coatings) were prepared innovatively. The TBP gels possessed excellent pH-sensitive properties and compatibility with epoxy coatings. Furthermore, the protective performance of the TBP/EP coatings was improved by the addition of TBP gels, which was attributed to the TBP gels filling the defects of the coatings after expansion of water absorption, and the released corrosion inhibitors formed the corrosion inhibitor films and the iron tannate films on the metal surface, respectively. Following the 181d immersion test, the TBP/EP coatings sustained an impedance value of 2.36 × 107 Ω cm2. In contrast, the impedance value of the epoxy coatings decreased to 6.86 × 104 Ω cm2. In comparison to epoxy coatings, the TBP/EP coatings demonstrated a notable enhancement in original adhesion and wet adhesion, with increases of 18.21% and 74.7%, respectively. In the end, the TBP/EP coatings corrosion inhibition functions were innovatively introduced.

In this study, Aermet100 high-strength steel was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. The influence of various process parameters on the surface quality and relative density of the samples was systematically examined. Additionally, the effects of the heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material was investigated. The results indicate that the specimens were well-formed, achieving a relative density of 99.99% through an optimal combination of process parameters: a laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 1000 mm/s, scanning rotation of 67°, and hatch spacing of 0.07 mm.The additively manufactured Aermet100 specimens exhibited ultrafine grains with an average size of 0.4 μm. Tempering of the as-built specimens at 482 °C for 2 h resulted in the highest strength and hardness. Grain refinement is identified as the primary factor contributing to the excellent combination of strength and ductility. Moreover, precipitation of secondary strengthening phases is attributed to hindering the movement of dislocations. The combined effects of fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and precipitation strengthening ultimately result in significant improvements in strength, reaching a maximum of 2064 MPa and an elongation of 8%.

Abstract Bioorthogonal chemistry-mediated self-assembly holds great promise for dynamic molecular imaging in living organisms. However, existing approaches are limited to nanoaggregates with ‘always-on’ signals, suffering from high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and compromised detection sensitivity. Herein we report a nitrile-aminothiol (NAT) bioorthogonal fluorogenic probe (CyNA P -SS-FK) for ultrasensitive diagnosis of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. This probe comprises a nitrile-substituted hemicyanine scaffold with a cysteine tail dually locked with biomarker-responsive moieties. Upon dual cleavage by tumor-specific cathepsin B and biothiols, the 1,2-aminothiol residue is exposed and spontaneously reacts with nitrile group for in situ intramolecular macrocyclization, enabling near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) turn-on as well as self-assembly. In living male mice, such ‘cleavage-click-assembly’ regimen allows for real-time and ultrasensitive detection of small cancerous lesions (~2 mm in diameter) with improved SBR (~5) and extended detection window (~36 h), outperforming conventional clinical assays. This study not only presents NAT click reaction-based fluorogenic probes but also highlights a generic dual-locked design of these probes.

Abstract Purpose We sought to investigate the expression of MALAT1, plasma brain natriuretic peptide, and Tei index in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Methods The current retrospective analysis focused on 146 sepsis patients admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to March 2023. Based on the presence or absence of myocardial injury, the patients were divided into two groups: the sepsis group (n = 80) and the sepsis-induced myocardial injury group (n = 66). Based on the 28-day mortality status of the patients, they were also divided into a survival group of 143 cases and a death group of 3 cases. The study compared the levels of MALAT1, plasma brain natriuretic peptide, and Tei index between the sepsis group and sepsis-induced myocardial injury group, as well as the comparison of two sets of ultrasound indicators. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of sepsis-induced myocardial injury, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the influencing factors of such condition. MALAT1, plasma brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac Tei index between the survival and death groups were compared and Pearson correlation analysis was conduct to assess their correlations. Results In terms of general information, there were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, respiratory rate, oxygenation index, basic diseases and infection site between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in heart rate, SOFA score, and APACHE II score between the two groups (P

Sea topography information holds significant importance in oceanic research and the climate change detection. Radar imaging altimetry has emerged as the leading approach for global ocean observation, employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry to enhance the spatial resolution of Sea topography. Nevertheless, current payload capacity and satellite hardware limitations prevent the extension of the interferometric baseline by enlarging the physical antenna size. This constraint hinders achieving centimeter-level accuracy in interferometric altimetry. To address this challenge, we conducted a numerical simulation to assess the viability of a large baseline interferometric imaging altimeter (LB-IIA). By controlling the baseline within the range of 600–1000 m through spiral orbit design in two satellites and mitigating baseline de-correlation with the carrier frequency shift (CFS) technique, we aimed to overcome the above limitations. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of the CFS technique in compensating for baseline decoherence, elevating coherence from less than 0.1 to over 0.85. Concurrently. The height difference accuracy between neighboring sea surfaces reaches 1 cm within a 1 km resolution. This study is anticipated to serve as a foundational reference for future interferometric imaging altimeter development, catering to the demand for high-precision sea topography data in accurate global bathymetry inversion.

Abstract Family caregivers play a vital role during the home care of urostomy patients by providing direct care and support. The role of family caregivers may extend to several years, even over ten years, in certain cases. In this process, the caregivers are impacted in various ways due to the patient’s conditions and may not be able to identify and address their own needs, which often get ignored and remain unfulfilled. The present study aimed to explore the supportive care needs of such family caregivers of urostomy patients. The method of qualitative research with the aid of purposive sampling was adopted in the present study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 family caregivers of urostomy patients. Each interview lasted 60 min. Data analysis was conducted by employing the NVivo software for qualitative research and using a thematic approach. Four themes were identified: (i) Strong psychological and physical needs; (ii) Eagerness for information regarding the patient’s diseases; (iii) Need for social support; (iv) Necessity of spiritual support. Further, within these four themes, eight sub-themes were constructed using coders. The respondents reported that they felt equally under pressure as the urostomy patients they were caring for, although the medical staff appeared to be paying little attention to them. The medical staff paid greater attention to the patients, while the caregivers also required their help and support. The need for supportive care is quite common among the family caregivers of patients with urostomy. Medical staff should comprehensively understand the needs of the family caregivers of urostomy patients and then actively provide targeted psychological/physical/information/social/spiritual support to these caregivers. This would result in enhanced caregiving skills and reduced burden among these caregivers.

Abstract Background Currently, serum PSA is the most commonly used screening tool in clinical practice. However, PSA levels in the range of 4–10 ng/ml are considered the ‘grey zone’ of prostate cancer screening. Patients within this range need to be further evaluated using additional parameters such as PSA ratio, PSA density, and other indices to determine the necessity of prostate biopsy (PBx). Despite this, patients in the ‘grey zone’ still have a low rate of positive biopsy results. Neutrophils have been found to be associated with tumor development and inflammation. Based on this, we combined PSA and absolute neutrophil counts to calculate the total PSA to absolute neutrophil ratio (PNR), which is higher in patients with prostate cancer and lower in those with benign conditions. PNR is elevated in prostate cancer patients compared to those with prostate enlargement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic efficacy of PNR for prostate cancer across different PSA intervals and to provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and screening strategies for prostate cancer. Objective In this study, we explored the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, with a view to further improving the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer. Methods Patients were grouped in three different divisions of PSA 4–10 ng/ml, 10–20 ng/ml, > 20 ng/ml, We grouped the patients and compared the test data such as age, PSA, PSA-density (PSAD), and prostate-specific antigen-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) between the two groups of patients who had puncture results of prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer at the same time using Log regression test to verify the diagnostic value of PNR. Results When PSA levels are in the range of 4–10 ng/ml, an elevated PNR is an independent risk factor for prostate cancer. In this range, the diagnostic value of f/t PSA and PSAD for prostate cancer is limited. However, the use of PNR can significantly enhance the diagnostic efficacy for prostate cancer and thereby effectively reduce the incidence of unnecessary prostate biopsies.

Abstract Purpose Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), exhibiting dual roles across various cancer types. Depending on the context, TAMs can either suppress tumor progression and weaken drug sensitivity or facilitate tumor growth and drive therapeutic resistance. This study explores whether targeting TAMs can suppress the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Methods Bioinformatics analyses were performed to evaluate TAMs infiltration levels in HNSCC tumor tissues and examine their associations with patients’ clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure the expression of key macrophage markers and assess apoptosis following treatment with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors (BLZ945, PLX3397). Additionally, immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD68 and CD8 expression. In vivo, the antitumor efficacy of CSF1R inhibitors was tested in mouse HNSCC tumor model, both as monotherapy and in combination with cisplatin, to evaluate potential synergistic effects. Results Bioinformatic analysis identified TAMs as the predominant infiltrating immune cells in the TME of HNSCC, with significantly higher infiltration levels in tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. High TAMs infiltration was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, and advanced disease stages. The TAMs-related genes prediction model demonstrated high prognostic accuracy. CSF1R is primarily expressed in TAMs, where high CSF1R expression may suppress antigen binding and activation. In vitro experiments showed that CSF1R inhibitors induce TAMs apoptosis, enhance their phagocytic activity, and reduce CD206 expression and IL-10 secretion, thereby diminishing their immunosuppressive function. In vivo experiments revealed that while CSF1R inhibitors alone had limited efficacy in suppressing tumor growth, their combination with cisplatin significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy, as evidenced by increased CD8+ T cells infiltration within the TME. Conclusion Targeting TAMs via CSF1R inhibition enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in HNSCC. These findings suggest that CSF1R inhibitors hold promise as a component of combination therapy for HNSCC. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background Hearing loss significantly affects children’s lives; however, the health-related quality of life (QoL) of children with this disability is not well measured. We sought to develop a reliable and valid measure of health-related QoL in children with hearing loss. Methods We constructed a conceptual framework to assess the QoL of children with hearing loss based on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 child quality of life scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version disability general version. The item pool was generated through two rounds of the Delphi method and subsequent group discussions. Subsequently, both a pre-survey and a formal survey were administered across eight hospitals and nine special education schools located in Shanxi and Hebei Province, China. The process of selecting items was grounded in classical test theory and item response theory. Ultimately, we assessed the reliability and validity of the QoL Scale designed for children with hearing loss in China.x` Results The final health-related QoL scale for children with hearing loss (HRQOL-CHL) included 37 items, 6 domains, and 8 subdomains. Reliability assessment encompassed Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, and retest reliability measures. Specifically, for the entire scale, Cronbach’s alpha yielded a coefficient of 0.755, binary reliability of 0.796, and retest reliability of 0. 931. The validity findings indicated that the scale performed as anticipated. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that this multidimensional scale was well-suited for assessing children with hearing loss, demonstrating a superior fit. Conclusions The HRQOL-CHL exhibits positive reliability, validity, and feasibility, which makes it an efficient QoL assessment tool for children with hearing loss in China.

In petroleum engineering, the performance of drilling fluid is the key factor affecting the drilling success. Drilling fluid rheology can be measured by tube measurement. Fluid pulsation will cause measurement deviation of differential pressure and flow velocity data during measurement, and it accumulates when the flow curve is drawn. Finally, the accuracy of drilling fluid rheological pipe measurement is seriously affected. In view of the problem of fluid pulsation can seriously affect the accuracy of tube measurement. This paper proposed an algorithm based on Filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS). First, the active control strategy is studied, the mathematical model of electric regulating valve control is established, the FxLMS algorithm of variable step length is studied, the simulation model of the control system is established, and the control effect of different algorithms is compared. The dynamic experimental platform of fluid pulse active control for drilling fluid rheological pipe measurement is designed and built. The experimental data show that: after active control, the average relative error of drilling fluid shear force decreased by 179.6%, the average relative error of plastic viscosity decreased by 78.1%, and the average relative error of the apparent viscosity decreased by 25.5%. It proves that the active control algorithm can improve the accuracy of tube measurement more effectively.

Abstract Background Outpatient training is crucial for the standardized residency training of General Practitioners (GPs) in China. However, there is concern that General Practice (GP) preceptors may lack the willingness and capacities to teach residents in outpatient settings. Understanding how GP preceptors practice routine outpatient training and their views is essential for designing strategies; however, this issue has not been well studied. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the extent of GP preceptors’ engagement in teaching residents in outpatient settings and to identify the factors associated with their practice of providing guidance in China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we distributed a self-administered questionnaire to 417 GP preceptors. Participants were selected from 142 hospitals across 24 provinces and had participated in the National GP Preceptor Training Program in early May 2024 in Hangzhou, China. A descriptive analysis was used to assess the extent of GP preceptors teaching residents in outpatient settings and their perceptions of outpatient training. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated factors of GP preceptors’ engagement in teaching residents in outpatient settings. Results Of the 297 participants included in the final analysis, 64.3% were female, with a mean age of 41.8 years (range: 29–56). A majority (63%) of GP preceptors expressed confidence in their ability to conduct outpatient training, and 68.7% indicated a willingness to increase their teaching efforts. While over 70% reported “always” or “often” providing helpful guidance to residents, only about a third consistently encouraged residents to take medical histories, perform physical examinations, and make preliminary clinical decisions. Logistic regression analysis shows that GP preceptors’ frequent outpatient training, more medical experience, longer preceptorship, and confidence and determination were positively correlated with offering helpful guidance to residents, whereas concerns about reduced consultation efficiency and income were negatively associated with this guidance. Conclusion Although most GP preceptors in China report a strong willingness to engage in outpatient training, their actual teaching practice falls short of expectations in some respects and is correlated with their prior experiences and perceptions of such training. Strategic interventions that offer incentives, support, and increased opportunities for engagement in outpatient training are essential to enhance teaching practices.

Abstract The emerging field of cancer phenomics provides comprehensive insights into tumor heterogeneity, promoting advances in personalized oncology. This study explores current research hotspots and future development trends in cancer phenomics through a bibliometric analysis of research from 2000 to 2023. Using data from the Web of Science Core Collection, we analyzed 1260 publications to identify global contributions and collaborative networks. Employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools, we examined research trends, highlighting disease progression, multi-omics integration, and phenotypic drug discovery as major focus areas. Key findings reveal that the United States, China, and the United Kingdom are leading contributors, with top institutions such as Harvard Medical School advancing research and fostering international collaboration. Additionally, the analysis underscores the prominence of double-positive (DP) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in cancer immunology, showcasing their potential roles in phenotypic screening and cancer therapeutics. Despite advancements, the study notes ongoing challenges in translating phenomics research to clinical applications, suggesting that enhanced global partnerships and technological integration are essential. This analysis offers valuable perspectives for future research and highlights phenomics' transformative potential in precision oncology, advocating for its role in advancing cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Abstract Objective To examine the effects of Jintiange on enhancing the healing of osteoporotic fractures in aged rats. Methods An osteoporotic fracture model of femur was established using 70 SD rats (aged > 12 months), which were randomly numbered and divided into an experimental group and a control group, each with an equal sample size (n = 35). The experimental group received Jintiange capsule ingredients via intragastric administration, while the control group received an equal volume of saline via the same method. X-ray examinations were conducted at the 4th and 12th weeks to evaluate fracture healing in the rats. After 12 weeks, micro-CT scanning was employed to assess the microstructure of the healthy femurs, and the parameters of the experimental and control groups were compared. Results After 4 weeks, the mean fracture healing scores were 0.78 ± 0.43 in the experimental group and 0.56 ± 0.51 in the control group. After 12 weeks, the mean scores were 1.50 ± 0.71 in the experimental group and 0.96 ± 0.68 in the control group. The scores in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P

Abstract The composition and function of animal gut microbiota are shaped by various factors, among which diet is one of the major factors. Diet is affected by seasonal shifts and geographical differences, which in turn impact the host’s nutritional levels. To adapt to these environmental changes, the gut microbiome often produces matching responses. Understanding the relationships among the environment, diet, host and the gut microbiome is helpful for exploring the environmental adaptation of wildlife. Here, we chose wild sika deer (Cervus nippon), which is composed natural allopatric populations, to explore how the environment shapes the gut microbiome and affects the relationship between microbiota composition and function and the mutual adaptation of the seasonal living environment to seasonal dietary changes. To this purpose we used DNA metabarcoding, 16S RNA gene amplification sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing and nutritional analyses to comprehensively examine the relationships among the forage plant, nutrient status and host gut microbiome. Our analyses showed spatiotemporal differences in diet between the Tiebu and Hunchun regions, which ultimately led to varying intakes of protein, cellulose, and soluble sugar. The microbiome composition and function showed unique characteristics in each group, and significant differences were detected at the gene level for the protein absorption and metabolism pathway, the carbohydrate metabolic absorption pathway, and cellulase enzyme function, which are related to nutrition. We also found differences in the pathogenic bacteria and resistance mechanisms genes of the gut microbiota in different groups. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of allopatric populations adapts to changes in food composition and nutrition in different seasons and areas to help the host cope with spatiotemporal changes in the living environment. At the same time, varying levels of human activity can have potential health impacts on wild animals.

Abstract Background California’s relatively low smoking rate (10.1% in 2019–2020) (About CHIS, UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2024) masks deep disparities among low-income populations, where smoking rates are nearly double that of their middle- to upper-income peers. Low-income smokers report a similar desire to quit and similar rates of recent quit attempts as smokers from other groups; yet, they often face barriers in accessing effective resources to facilitate successful cessation. Methods Our team will conduct a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster, randomized controlled trial of Enhanced Multicomponent Proactive Navigator-Assisted Cessation of Tobacco Use (EMPACT-Us), a suite of tobacco cessation services supported by patient navigators, designed in close partnership with patients, providers, and community stakeholders. The study will take place at Family Health Centers of San Diego (FHCSD), the largest federally qualified health center (FQHC) in San Diego. Eight primary care clinics are included, where 70% (n = 13,496) of smokers at FHCSD receive care. Discussion We hypothesize that multiple points of engagement and integration of navigation services into the workflow of existing staff will improve utilization and cessation success. This study will examine if the enhanced suite of services offers insights on how to best integrate evidence-based tobacco treatment services into usual care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05750537, Registered on March 1, 2023. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05750537 .

Abstract Model‐free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is regarded as an effective approach for multi‐target cognitive electronic reconnaissance (MCER) missions. However, DRL networks with poor generalisation can significantly reduce mission completion rates when parameters such as reconnaissance area size, target number, and platform speed vary slightly. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel scene reconstruction method for MCER missions and a mission group adaptive transfer deep reinforcement learning (MTDRL) algorithm. The algorithm enables quick adaptation of reconnaissance strategies for varied mission scenes by transferring strategy templates and compressing multi‐target perception states. To validate the method, the authors developed a transfer learning model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) MCER. Three sets of experiments are conducted by varying the reconnaissance area size, the target number, and the platform speed. The results show that the MTDRL algorithm outperforms two commonly used DRL algorithms, with an 18% increase in mission completion rate and a 5.49 h reduction in training time. Furthermore, the mission completion rate of the MTDRL algorithm is much higher than that of a typical non‐DRL algorithm. The UAV demonstrates stable hovering and repeat reconnaissance behaviours at the radar detection boundary, ensuring flight safety during missions.

Abstract Despite the growing adoption of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), there is no scoring system available designed to evaluate its surgical complexity. This paper aims to introduce a novel difficulty scoring system (DSS), designated as the Wei-DSS, exclusively tailored to assess the surgical difficulty of pure LH for ICC. We retrospectively collected clinical data from ICC patients who underwent pure LH at our institution, spanning from November 2018 to May 2024. Patients were categorized into two levels of Wei-DSS scores (low-difficulty [5–6], and high-difficulty [7–10]) determined by tumor characteristics, liver texture, resection extent and tumor marker levels. A total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study including a low-difficulty (LD) group comprising 47 patients and a high-difficulty (HD) group comprising 57 patients. Perioperative comparisons indicated that the HD group was significantly associated with a longer operation time (318.14 ± 125.89 min vs. 222.83 ± 119.03 min, P

Based on the excellent radionuclide properties of 18F，amino acids labeled with radioactive nuclide 18F have shown its unique advantages in brain tumor imaging. A liquid target system with niobium as the target material and 18O(p，n)18F isotope was developed based on the 14 MeV cyclotron of the cyclotron research group of the Department of Nuclear Technology and Application，China Institute of Atomic Energy. In order to solve the problems of complicated structure and poor cooling effect of liquid target system cooled by helium，a liquid target system with direct water cooling is designed. The structure design process and material selection of liquid target are introduced in detail，and the stability of its transport system and control system is tested. The analysis results show that the liquid target system produced by this isotope has good stability. Under the irradiation of 20 μA beam intensity for 2 h，the yield of the product is 1.5 Ci. At present，it has been applied in Peking University，the system has good stability and repeatability，and has been highly praised by users.

We propose interest-driven progressive visual analytics. The core idea is to filter samples with features of interest to analysts from the given dataset for analysis. The approach relies on a generative model (GM) trained using the given dataset as the training set. The GM characteristics make it convenient to find ideal generated samples from its latent space. Then, we filter the original samples similar to the ideal generated ones to explore patterns. Our research involves two methods for achieving and applying the idea. First, we give a method to explore ideal samples from a GM’s latent space. Second, we integrate the method into a system to form an embedding-based analytical workflow. Patterns found on open datasets in case studies, results of quantitative experiments, and positive feedback from experts illustrate the general usability and effectiveness of the approach.

Abstract Steady degradation (SD) prediction is crucial for the intelligent operation and maintenance of ship power system (SPS). Addressing the challenge of predicting the SD process, this study introduces the YC2Model, a system‐level predictive method that integrates encoding time slice data to images (ETSD2I) with a convolutional neural network and Transformer. Incorporating the Transformer, in particular, enables the YC2Model to predict the SD state of SPS over extended periods more effectively. Compared to baseline models, YC2Model demonstrates superior performance on key performance indicators, including the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.960717, and the lowest symmetric mean absolute percentage error of 0.015500, mean square error of 0.707211 × 10−4, root mean square error of 0.008410, and mean absolute error of 0.006519, proving its superior predictive accuracy. The correlation between model performance variations and degradation mechanisms is validated through statistical analysis of the YC2Model's performance in different stages of the SD process. During the SD process, YC2Model exhibits high predictive accuracy, an ability to capture changes in degradation mechanisms and robust adaptability to degradation trends. This model can provide precise and reliable SD state predictions for the intelligent operation and maintenance of SPS.

Abstract The anomaly detection and predictive replacement of the degradation decay state coefficient (Desc) of ship power system (SPS) are crucial for ensuring their operational safety and maintenance efficiency. This study introduces the YC3Model, a model based on a dynamic triple sliding window mechanism, and Gaussian process regression) to address this challenge. It combines the temporal variation characteristics of the decay state coefficient's original data, first‐order, and second‐order differential data in both normal and abnormal trend intervals. The model calculates three local statistical measures within each sliding window and employs the Z‐score method for anomaly detection. The combination of three sliding windows reduces false positives and negatives, enhancing the precision of anomaly detection. For detected anomalies, Gaussian process regression is used for prediction and replacement, providing confidence intervals to increase the reliability of the predicted values. Experimental results demonstrate that the YC3Model exhibits superior anomaly detection accuracy and adaptability in the degradation process of SPS, surpassing traditional methods across a range of evaluation metrics. This confirms the potential of YC3Model in health monitoring and predictive maintenance of SPS, offering reliable data input for the intelligent operation and maintenance (IO&M) of SPS.

Abstract Straw return improves soil carbon pool and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics in black soil. Optimal straw return rate is the key to promoting straw return practices in farmland in Northeast China. The experiment was conducted at the Science and Technology Park of China Grain Storage and Northern Corporation in NenJiang, Heilongjiang Province, straw return at 0 kg hm−2, 3000 kg hm−2, 4500 kg hm−2, and 9000 kg hm−2. In the seventh year of the experiment, we used three-dimensional excitation-emission matrices combined with Parallel Factor analysis to characterize the fluorescence characteristics of DOM of black soils. The results showed substantial improvement in soil physical characteristics and soil organic matter (SOM) following straw return, SOM content rises in proportion to the amount of straw returned, and a significant positive correlation coefficient between water-holding capacity (WHC) (p

Abstract Background Children’s physical and emotional health are affected by acute cough. Cough severity and influence on quality of life can be measured with specialized questionnaires. This study aimed to present the Chinese version of the 16-item Parent-proxy Children’s Acute Cough-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QoL16) and examine its validity and reliability. Methods Using independent translations and counter translations, the Chinese version of the PAC-QoL16 was translated, and its suitability was evaluated among the families of five coughing children. Children with acute cough who were hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from October 2022 to June 2023 were included, and the caregivers were invited to complete the questionnaire and two cough-related measures (visual analogue score (VAS) and verbal category descriptive (VCD) score) on the day of admission and on the 5th day of treatment. Additionally, the questionnaire’s internal consistency and concurrent validity were evaluated. Results A total of 148 complete and valid questionnaires were collected. Eighty-one males and 67 females composed the 148 children, whose average age was 4.6 years and ranged from 2 to 12 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the three domains and the whole score ranged from 0.824 to 0.978. The VAS and VCD scores showed a strong correlation with the overall and domain scores of the PAC-QoL16. After therapy, there were significant decreases in the cough VAS and VCD scores, while the overall and domain scores of the PAC-QoL16 improved (P

The 12th annual meeting of China Earthquake Prediction Forum (CEPF), which was co-sponsored by Prediction Committee of China Seismological Society and Hainan Earthquake Agency, was held on Aug. 13—17, 2024 in Haikou City, Hainan Province. More than 130 persons from 17 universities (one from abroad), 7 institutes from Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Earthquake Administration (CEA), 23 Provincial Earthquake Agencies of CEA attended this conference. 13 special topics had been set up for academic exchange. 96 conference articles were collected, where the pier reviewed articles will be published by the journal of South China Earthquake in Supplementary Issue of 2024. During the 2 days room meeting, there were 26 orals and 25 posters presented, where 7 invited key note speakers presented the research current advances and future trend of earthquake prediction practice in China. There were 6 young presenters got excellent poster awards who obtained the permission of oral presentation in the following annual conferences of China Earthquake Prediction Forum. Popular science lectures on 1605 Hainan M7.5 earthquake and the disaster and monitoring techniques of volcano respectively were organized for the one day field training course held in the source area of Hainan M7.5 earthquake and the monitoring station of volcano creator in Hainan after the room meeting of this conference. A short panel discussion on how to enhance the capability of hunting precursors and prediction efficiency in high risk area was conducted. All the attendees enjoyed the successful conference both in scientific exchange and in onsite training courses.

Abstract Cancer stands as a leading global cause of death, with its etiology characterized by complexity and multifaceted factors. Growing research indicates a strong correlation between environmental factors and cancer incidence, underscoring the critical importance of intervening in environmental risk factors to mitigate cancer occurrence. Despite this, specialized research institutions focusing on the intersection of environment and cancer remain scarce, with global investment in cancer prevention significantly trailing behind efforts in diagnosis and treatment. Against the backdrop of rapid global climate change, industrialization, urbanization, aging populations, and the globalization of lifestyles, we proposed the concept of Environmental Oncology (EO) to address these challenges. We discussed the rationale and necessity of developing EO and presented a comprehensive research framework focusing on cancer prevention and treatment. Future EO research will aim to identify cancer causes and implement early prevention strategies using advanced scientific technologies and methods. By emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration and integrating molecular biology at the micro level, EO will explore the relationship between external and internal environments and cancer. EO will identify potential therapeutic targets by studying the pathways through which environmental exposures lead to carcinogenesis. EO will develop early warning systems and disseminate research findings by collecting big data, employing robust statistical models, and establishing research centers.

The screening of novel antiviral agents from marine microorganisms is an important strategy for new drug development. Our previous study found that polyether K-41A and its analog K-41Am, derived from a marine Streptomyces strain, exhibit anti-HIV activity by suppressing the activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and its integrase (IN). Among the K-41A derivatives, two disaccharide-bearing polyethers—K-41B and K-41Bm—were found to have potent anti-HIV-1IIIB activity in vitro. This study aimed to clarify whether K-41B and K-41Bm have inhibitory effects on different HIV-1 strains or whether these two derivatives have mechanisms of action different from that of their precursor, K-41A. An anti-HIV-1 assay indicated that K-41B and K-41Bm have potent anti-HIV-1BaL activity, with low 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) (0.076 and 0.208 μM, respectively) and high selective indexes (SIs) (58.829 and 31.938, respectively) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-HIV-1BaL system. The time-of-addition (TOA) assay indicated that K-41B and K-41Bm may exert antiviral effects by activating multiple stages of HIV-1 replication. A cell protection assay indicated that the pretreatment of cells with K-41B or K-41Bm has almost no inhibitory effect on HIV-1 infection. A virus inactivation assay indicated that pretreatment of the virus with K-41B or K-41Bm inhibits HIV-1 infection by 60%. A cell–cell fusion assay showed that K-41B and K-41Bm blocked the cell fusion mediated by viral envelope proteins. The HIV-1 key enzyme experiment also indicated that both compounds have certain inhibitory effects on HIV-1 IN. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that K-41B and K-41Bm interact with several viral and host proteins, including HIV-1 IN, an envelope protein (gp120), a transmembrane protein (gp41), and cell surface receptors (CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4). Overall, in addition to having a similar anti-HIV-1 mechanism of inhibiting HIV-1 IN like the precursor polyether K-41A, the disaccharide-bearing polyether derivatives K-41B and K-41Bm may also inhibit viral entry. This suggests that they display anti-HIV-1 mechanisms that are different from those of their precursor polyethers.

Background: Early diagnosis of depression is crucial for effective treatment and suicide prevention. Traditional methods rely on self-report questionnaires and clinical assessments, lacking objective biomarkers. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with artificial intelligence can enhance depression diagnosis using neuroimaging indicators, but depression-specific fMRI datasets are often small and imbalanced, posing challenges for classification models. New Method: We propose the Spatio-Temporal Aggregation Network (STANet) for diagnosing depression by integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) to capture both temporal and spatial features of brain activity. STANet comprises the following steps: (1) Aggregate spatio-temporal information via independent component analysis (ICA). (2) Utilize multi-scale deep convolution to capture detailed features. (3) Balance data using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to generate new samples for minority classes. (4) Employ the attention-Fourier gate recurrent unit (AFGRU) classifier to capture long-term dependencies, with an adaptive weight assignment mechanism to enhance model generalization. Results: STANet achieves superior depression diagnostic performance, with 82.38% accuracy and a 90.72% AUC. The Spatio-Temporal Feature Aggregation module enhances classification by capturing deeper features at multiple scales. The AFGRU classifier, with adaptive weights and a stacked Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), attains higher accuracy and AUC. SMOTE outperforms other oversampling methods. Additionally, spatio-temporal aggregated features achieve better performance compared to using only temporal or spatial features. Comparison with existing methods: STANet significantly outperforms traditional classifiers, deep learning classifiers, and functional connectivity-based classifiers. Conclusions: The successful performance of STANet contributes to enhancing the diagnosis and treatment assessment of depression in clinical settings on imbalanced and small fMRI.

This investigation delves into the thermal deformation behavior of TC9 titanium alloy. Compression tests at isothermal conditions were performed on a Gleeble thermal simulator under conditions spanning 700–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1. The true stress-true strain curves indicated that stress increases with rising strain rate and decreasing temperatures. The softening mechanisms in the biphasic and monophasic regions were discussed. By correcting errors caused by friction, the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive equation, which accurately describes the flow behavior of TC9 titanium alloy, has been established. A processing map at a strain of 0.7 was constructed based on the power dissipation factor, revealing an unstable region at 700–800 °C/0.01–1 s−1 and 800–900 °C/0.1–1 s−1, where microcrack defects were observed, suggesting that processing should be avoided in this region. Efficiency values as high as 60–70 % indicate superplasticity deformation, with corresponding m values within this efficiency range of approximately 0.4–0.5, reaching the strain rate sensitivity index range of superplasticity titanium alloys. Tensile tests conducted at 900 °C and a deformation rate of 0.001 s−1 showed elongation exceeding 100 %. The sample compressed at 900 °C and 0.001 s−1 exhibits small grain size, uniform orientation, the lowest dislocation density, and a uniform two-phase mixture. These microstructural features indicate the material's good machinability.

Polyimide with surface microstructures have a significant applications in fields such as electronics and aerospace. Appropriate processing methods playing a crucial role in achieving high-quality microstructures to meet the above application requirements. In this study, rectangular microstructures were fabricated on polyimide surfaces using ultra-precision ordinary planing (UPOP), ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC), and utra-precision fly-cutting (UPFC) methods, and both theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted. The characteristics of the three processing methods were analyzed, establishing the relationship between the chips, and evaluating the surface quality of the microstructures, cutting forces, and chip morphology. The results indicate that, compared to UPOP, UEVC can improve the processing quality of microstructures. At a cutting depth of 35 μm, the edge defects of microstructure grooves processed by UEVC are 39 μm smaller, and the burr height is approximately 5 μm lower than that of UPOP. However, when the cutting depth is greater than or equal to 70 μm, the burr height for UEVC is higher than that for UPOP, with the maximum difference being around 15 μm. The UPFC method achieves the best surface quality for microstructures and demonstrates significant effectiveness in suppressing burr formation. Burr height is only measured to be approximately 4 μm at a cutting depth of 35 μm, and burrs are virtually undetectable at larger cutting depths. The maximum cutting force of UPOP is 4.81 N, while the maximum cutting force of UPFC is only 0.021 N, making the cutting force of UPOP 229 times that of UPFC. The chips produced by UPOP are primarily serrated, whereas the chips produced by UPFC consistently exhibit a slender, elongated shape. A small material removal rate and high slope can prevent chip interactions, thereby enabling the use of UPFC to manufacture high-quality PI microstructures.

Abstract The high-altitude Duku Highway is characterized by complex terrain changes and frequent geological hazards, which severely impact the lives of local residents and the sustainable development of the regional economy. The lack of understanding of terrain deformation, coupled with scarce foundational observation data, makes it challenging to apply mainstream susceptibility assessment methods such as slope modeling and causality analysis. Consequently, this study utilizes Sentinel-1 A data and employs the SBAS-InSAR technique to extract and analyze the deformation characteristics of 184 hazard areas along the Duku Highway over nearly three years. Furthermore, the Correlation Clustering Evaluation Model is proposed, attributing hazard properties to unsupervised spatial clustering results, thus enabling the study of hazard susceptibility in data-scarce regions without prior knowledge. The results indicate that the SBAS-InSAR coherence is 0.64, with a validation accuracy of 85%. The high, relatively-high, and moderate susceptibility areas account for 24.7%, 17.1%, and 32.6% of the total area, respectively. The rapid uplift of terrain due to plate compression is a major factor leading to frequent hazards in high and relatively-high susceptibility areas. These regions may spontaneously experience cyclic hazards (minimum of 2 months) without extreme external factors. The research findings offer new insights into regional hazards and provide a basis for the sustainable management of highways.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands for a prevailing gastrointestinal neoplasm, concomitant with considerable occurrence and lethality rate. Butorphanol, a synthetic opioid analgesic medication targeting the opiate receptor, has been recently reckoned to harbor anti-oncogenic properties. This study proposes to delineate the impacts of butorphanol on CRC and the interrelated response mechanism. In sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1)-overexpressing CRC cells treated by varying concentrations of butorphanol, the functional experiments including CCK-8 method, EDU staining, wound healing and transwell assays severally appraised the capabilities for CRC cells to proliferate, migrate as well as invade. TUNEL staining assayed the cellular apoptotic level. The expressions of proteins implicated in proliferation, metastasis as well as apoptosis were ascertained by Western blot. CB-Dock2 server predicated butorphanol-SIGMAR1 interaction and Western blot also examined SIGMAR1 expression. Noticeably, butorphanol profoundly eliminated the capabilities of CRC cells to proliferate, migrate and invade whilst intensified the cellular apoptotic level with the ascending doses. Butorphanol was identified to possess an interrelation with SIGMAR1 and concentration-dependently lowered SIGMAR1 expression. Elevation of SIGMAR1 partially blunted the affection of butorphanol on the biological events of CRC cells. To sum up, butorphanol may extenuate the aggressive cellular behaviors to produce tumor-suppressing activity on CRC via binding with SIGMAR1.

Abstract Ensuring the operational safety of the electric power system critically depends on effective power inspections. However, traditional methods face challenges in detecting minor faults such as cracks and corrosion in electrical equipment. In this thesis, the Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) is introduced into the field of power inspection for the first time. Additionally, the dedicated dataset (BDZ dataset) was developed. This includes a large number of high-resolution images for power line inspection. The primary objective is to enhance the resolution of inspection images, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of defect detection in the power system. Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the SRGAN model outperforms traditional models in the super-resolution reconstruction of power inspection images, particularly in recovering image texture details. Using the BDZ dataset significantly enhances image resolution. When employing the same SRGAN model, PSNR increased by 2.47 dB and SSIM by 4.10% compared to the standard dataset. This research introduces new methodologies for advancing electric power inspection technologies, providing a more robust assurance for the safe and reliable operation of electric power systems.

Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly affects patients’ quality of life; however, the mechanisms, such as its effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover marker (BTM) expression, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationships among OSA, BMD, and (BTMs) in older adults. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 260 participants (114 women; 44.5%). Data of an established system (Alice NightOne) were used to diagnose OSA and analyze nocturnal hypoxia. Participants were divided into four groups according to respiratory event index (REI) (control,

Abstract Aryl thiols have proven to be a useful class of electron donors and hydrogen atom sources in photochemical processes. However, the direct activation and functionalization of C(sp2)–S bonds in aryl thiols remains elusive in the field of photochemistry. Herein, a photochemical carboxylation of C(sp2)–S bonds in aryl thiols with CO2 is reported, providing a synthetic route to important aryl carboxylic acids. Moreover, different kinds of aryl thiol derivatives, benzeneselenol and diphenyl diselenide also show moderate-to-high reactivity in this transformation. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations, suggest that the in situ generated carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2 •−) and disulfide might be the key intermediates, which undergo radical substitution to yield products. This reaction features mild and catalyst-free conditions, good functional group tolerance and wide substrate scope. Furthermore, the efficient degradation of polyphenylene sulfide highlights the usefulness of this methodology.

Abstract The application of neural network model in intelligent diagnosis usually encounters challenges such as continuous adjustment of network parameters and significant cost in training the network facing numerous complex physiological data. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a fuzzy SZGWO-ELM neural network model for medical disease aid diagnosis with fuzzy membership function and ELM network to refine the improved Gray Wolf optimization algorithm. Firstly, the Z-type membership function is introduced as the inertia weight to get a balance for the grey wolf in seeking the optimal solution globally and locally and ensuring fast convergence. Secondly, the S-type membership function is utilized as the adaptive weight to flexibly adjust the grey wolf search step size to facilitate a quick approximation of the optimal solution. Finally, the improved Gray Wolf optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the ELM neural network model, termed as SZGWO-ELM. This method can eliminate the need for extensive network parameter adjustments and quickly locate the optimal solution to the problem using a lightweight neural network. The performance of the SZGWO is assessed by using metrics like convergence, mean, and standard deviation. Multiple experiments reveal that this method shows superior performance. Furthermore, five publicly accessible medical disease datasets from UCI were conducted to evaluate the performance of SZGWO-ELM network model comparing with different classify model, and the results in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy can achieve 99.52%, 94.14%, 99.26% and 96.08%, respectively, which illustrate that the proposed SZGWO-ELM neural network significantly enhance the model’s accuracy, providing better support for doctors in disease diagnosis.

Abstract MDM4 is one of the major regulators of p53. The biological effect of MDM4 on tumor is controversial, its role and molecular mechanism in colon cancer progression and prognosis are still unclear. In this study, we identify that MDM4 is significantly overexpressed in human colon cancer and high MDM4 expression was associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer with mutant p53. MDM4 inhibits the ubiquitination of the ferroptosis marker protein GPX4 at K167 and K191 by upregulating the protein expression level of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, which promotes the polyubiquitination of GPX4 transfer from K48- to K63- linked ubiquitination. Thereby, MDM4 enhances the stability of GPX4 protein, inhibiting ferroptosis, increasing the resistance of colon cancer patients to chemotherapy, and promoting colon cancer progression. These findings elucidate the ferroptosis inhibition effect of MDM4 via regulating TRIM21/GPX4 on p53-mutated colon cancer and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer therapy.

Abstract Background Sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) is a severe complication of sepsis, contributing significantly to mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated autophagy are implicated in SIMI pathogenesis. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 has been associated with various diseases, including sepsis, but its role in SIMI remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA MALAT1 in SIMI, specifically in the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy. Methods A sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy model was established in mice, and the cardiac tissues were analyzed. The expression of lncRNA MALAT1 was modulated and its effects on mitochondrial autophagy, myocardial injury, inflammation, and apoptosis were assessed. Furthermore, the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-146a was explored, as well as the involvement of the TLR4/NF-kB/MAPK signaling pathway. Results Activation of mitochondrial autophagy by urolithin A (UA) alleviated SIMI, inflammation, and cardiac dysfunction. Downregulation of MALAT1 enhanced mitochondrial autophagy, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to improved cell viability and reduced myocardial injury. Furthermore, MALAT1 interacted with miR-146a, and their modulation influenced mitochondrial autophagy, myocardial injury, and inflammation. The TLR4/NF-kB/MAPK signaling pathway was implicated in these processes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that lncRNA MALAT1 plays a crucial role in SIMI by modulating miR-146a-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and the TLR4/NF-kB/MAPK signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SIMI and potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract The breakthrough in electrolyte technology stands as a pivotal factor driving the battery revolution forward. The colloidal electrolytes, as one of the emerging electrolytes, will arise gushing research interest due to their complex colloidal behaviors and mechanistic actions at different conditions (aqueous/nonaqueous solvents, salt concentrations etc.). Herein, we show “beyond aqueous” colloidal electrolytes with ultralow salt concentration and inherent low freezing points to investigate its underlying mechanistic principles to stabilize cryogenic Zn metal batteries. Impressively, the “seemingly undesired” concentration polarization at the interface would disrupt the coalescence stability of the electrolyte, leading to a mechanically rigid interphase of colloidal particle-rich layer, positively inhibiting side reactions on either side of the electrodes. Importantly, the multi-layered pouch cells with cathode loading of 10 mg cm–2 exhibit undecayed capacity at various temperatures, and a relatively high capacity of 50 mAh g–1 could be well maintained at −80 °C.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that overall sleep quality among Chinese nurses is relatively low, with a sleep disorder prevalence rate of approximately 66.4%. Against the backdrop of healthcare reforms, China has been striving to improve the mental health and sleep quality of nurses. Stress mindset can influence how individuals respond to stress, but there is limited research on how stress mindset affects nurses’ sleep quality. This study aims to explore the impact of stress mindset on sleep quality among nurses, as well as the mediating roles of stress overload and anxiety in this relationship. Methods The study was conducted online using a questionnaire from February 18 to February 22, 2024. It utilized the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM), the Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to survey 441 nurses in three regions of China: Chongqing, Hunan, and Shandong (M = 34.39, SD = 7.82, 95.7% female). A chain mediation model was employed to examine the mediating roles of stress overload and anxiety in the relationship between stress mindset and sleep quality. Results The participants’ average sleep quality score was 7.18 ± 3.47. Nurses’ stress mindset was significantly negatively correlated with both stress overload and anxiety, and significantly positively correlated with sleep quality. Stress overload was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality. Anxiety was also significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality. The direct effect of nurses’ stress mindset on sleep quality was significant (effect size = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.01), as were the indirect effects through stress overload (effect size = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.01) and anxiety (effect size = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.05), along with their chain mediation effect (effect size = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.06). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that a higher level of nurses’ stress mindset is associated with better sleep quality, with stress overload and anxiety mediating this relationship. A positive stress mindset helps nurses cope more effectively with professional challenges and reduces anxiety, leading to improved sleep quality. Healthcare institutions should therefore prioritize fostering positive stress mindsets in nurses, encouraging regular psychological training and workshops to support the development of effective coping strategies.

Abstract Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) results in aberrant functional connectivity and is significantly linked to cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the network mechanisms influencing neurocognitive function following DAI remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of static and dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) in patients with DAI. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 26 patients with DAI and 27 healthy controls. Resting-state networks were extracted using independent component analysis. We evaluated the connectivity strength through spatial maps and static FNC, and then further dynamic properties were identified using a sliding time-window approach and k-means clustering, and investigated their associations with clinical variables. Patients with DAI showed stronger intra-network spatial maps in the default mode network and subcortical network than healthy controls, but static inter-network functional connectivity remained stable. Furthermore, three recurring states for dynamic connectivity were identified in all participants, and state 1 occurred most frequently in patients with DAI and exhibited higher fractional time, and as well as longer mean dwell time, which was positively associated with MMSE scores. Meanwhile, patients with DAI exhibited mostly increased functional connectivity strength of dynamic FNC in all states, particularly within the default mode network and visual network. These findings suggest that patients with DAI are characterized by altered dynamic FNC and temporal properties, which provide distinct complementary information different from static functional connectivity, and new insights into the neural pathophysiology of DAI associated with cognitive impairment.

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) is an indispensable atomistic-scale computational tool widely-used in various disciplines. In the past decades, nearly all ab initio MD and machine-learning MD have been based on the general-purpose central/graphics processing units (CPU/GPU), which are well-known to suffer from their intrinsic “memory wall” and “power wall” bottlenecks. Consequently, nowadays MD calculations with ab initio accuracy are extremely time-consuming and power-consuming, imposing serious restrictions on the MD simulation size and duration. To solve this problem, here we propose a special-purpose MD processing unit (MDPU), which could reduce MD time and power consumption by about 103 times (109 times) compared to state-of-the-art machine-learning MD (ab initio MD) based on CPU/GPU, while keeping ab initio accuracy. With significantly-enhanced performance, the proposed MDPU may pave a way for the accurate atomistic-scale analysis of large-size and/or long-duration problems which were impossible/impractical to compute before.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterised by a short survival period, high malignancy, strong invasiveness, and high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Due to its unique molecular phenotype, TNBC is insensitive to endocrine therapy or molecular targeted therapy. The conventional treatment approach involves systemic chemotherapy for overall management; however, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has shown poor efficacy as residual lesions can easily lead to tumour recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more effective treatment strategies. Herein, we designed a gold nanocluster coated with a metal-phenol formaldehyde network structure (AuNCs@PDA-Mn) for tumour Photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy (PTT and CDT), which induces systemic immune responses to suppress tumour metastasis. Experimental results show that after continuous irradiation for 10 min under an 808 nm laser (1.0W/cm2), AuNCs@PDA-Mn not only exhibits better tumour inhibition both in vitro and in vivo but also triggers stronger immune effects systemically. Therefore, this combined PTT and CDT treatment approach has great potential and provides a clinically relevant and valuable option for triple-negative breast cancer.

Objectives: Titanium alloys are increasingly widely used in the aerospace field, and their research and development significantly influence the advancement of military aircraft, civil aviation, engines, and other high-tech equipment. However, titanium alloy are challenging to machine due to theri small deformation coefficient, low thermal conductivity, and the high temperatures generated during traditional cutting methods, which leads to tool wear. As a result, parts often have low precision, and surface quality is generally poor. This study proposes a double-sided magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) method using opposing magnetic pole sets with adjustable relative angles to address surface defects—such as bumps, scratches, and microcracks—on the surface of titanium alloy TC4 and to improve its grinding efficiency. Methods: This study compares three types of lined magnets and introduces an involute-lined magnet design. Based on this design, opposing magnetic pole sets are used to generate an initial relative angle between them. The effects of different relative angles on double-sided MAF are tested to determine whether this method can improve the magnetic induction intensity and promote a more uniform distribution of abrasives. The results show that this approach addresses the challenges of poor abrasive fluidity and the inability of abrasives to tumble effectively. Additionally, the simultaneous grinding of both sides of the workpiece enhances processing efficiency, effectively removes the surface defects of the workpiece, and improves the grinding efficiency and surface quality. Results: The application of involute-lined magnets with a relative angle for double-sided MAF yields improved processing results under the following test conditions: magnetic pole group speed of 600 r/min, processing gap of 2 mm, magnetic abrasives size of 150 μm, and a relative angle of 10°. After 30 minutes of grinding, the surface roughness of the front side of the titanium alloy is reduced from Ra 0.458 μm to Ra 0.116 μm, and the surface height variation decreases from 43.3 μm to 7.8 μm. The reverse side also shows improvements, with surface roughness decreasing from Ra 0.434 μm to Ra 0.111 μm, and surface height variation reducing from 44.2 μm to 8.4 μm. Conclusions: The use of involute-lined magnets to create a relative angle for double-sided grinding effectively improves surface defects, such as scratches and grooves, on the workpiece. This method also significantly enhances grinding efficiency compared to single-sided grinding. The involute arrangement of magnets minimizes variations in magnetic induction intensity, which improves grinding efficiency and ensures a more uniform distribution of the magnetic field. This uniformity results in better adsorption of magnetic abrasives and enhanced grinding quality. When grinding at a relative angle of 10°, the magnetic field gradient changes significantly, covering a wider area with stronger magnetic induction. This variation in magnetic field gradient faciliates the tumbling of magnetic abrasives and the timely renewal of cutting edges, ultimately improving processing performance.

Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt (VW), which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum, is a global challenge. Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense. However, few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton. In this study, we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V. dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types. One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) that specifically responds to V. dahliae, GhMYB3D5, was identified. GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions, but it was dramatically induced by V. dahliae stress. We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance. Upon V. dahliae infection, the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1 expression. In addition, GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1. Consequently, the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis (GhPAL, GhC4H, Gh4CL, and GhPOD/GhLAC) in cotton, thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance. Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation, which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.