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1. Synthesis, thermal conductivity, and hydrogen compatibility of a high melt point solid solution uranium carbide, (U0.2Zr0.8)C

Author

E. Kardoulaki, J.T. White, J.K.P. Williams, B. Taylor, A. Croell, J. Rosales, C.A. Taylor, S. Widgeon Paisner, T. Coons, D.D. Byler, M. Volz, and K.J. McClellan

Subjects
Mixed uranium carbides, Nuclear thermal propulsion, Spark plasma sintering, Hot hydrogen compatibility, Advanced fuel concepts, Thermal conductivity, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Uranium-zirconium carbides, (U,Zr)C, have been previously considered for nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) reactors due to their high melting point, low neutron cross section, and good hydrogen compatibility. Fuel in NTP reactors would operate under extreme environments: high temperatures (∼3000 K) and under H2 exposure. Despite (U,Zr)C fuels showing promise for extreme environment operation, very little is known about their thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and their H2 compatibility at temperatures over 2500 K. In this work, phase pure UyZr1-yCz with y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and z = 0.8, 0.85, 0.93 was synthesized and high density (U0.2Zr0.8)C samples were fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal expansion of (U0.2Zr0.8)C were measured, from which the thermal conductivity up to 1473 K was calculated for the first time. Furthermore, (U0.2Zr0.8)C samples with different geometries were exposed to H2 at 2600 K for 3 h using the compact fuel element environmental test facility at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Both samples performed remarkably well under hot hydrogen attack and no macroscopic cracking was identified. The combination of the relatively high thermal conductivity of these fuels, compared to UO2 for example, which increases with temperature, and their remarkable hydrogen compatibility make them excellent candidates for NTP reactors.

Published
2022
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2. Secondary scintillation yield of xenon with sub-percent levels of CO2 additive for rare-event detection

Author

C.A.O. Henriques, E.D.C. Freitas, C.D.R. Azevedo, D. González-Díaz, R.D.P. Mano, M.R. Jorge, L.M.P. Fernandes, C.M.B. Monteiro, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, V. Álvarez, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, F.I.G.M. Borges, A. Botas, S. Cárcel, J.V. Carríon, S. Cebrían, C.A.N. Conde, J. Díaz, M. Diesburg, R. Esteve, R. Felkai, P. Ferrario, A.L. Ferreira, A. Goldschmidt, R.M. Gutiérrez, J. Hauptman, A.I. Hernandez, J.A. Hernando Morata, V. Herrero, B.J.P. Jones, L. Labarga, A. Laing, P. Lebrun, I. Liubarsky, N. López-March, M. Losada, J. Martín-Albo, G. Martínez-Lema, A. Martínez, A.D. McDonald, F. Monrabal, F.J. Mora, L.M. Moutinho, J. Muñoz Vidal, M. Musti, M. Nebot-Guinot, P. Novella, D.R. Nygren, B. Palmeiro, A. Para, J. Pérez, M. Querol, J. Renner, L. Ripoll, J. Rodríguez, L. Rogers, F.P. Santos, J.M.F. dos Santos, A. Simón, C. Sofka, M. Sorel, T. Stiegler, J.F. Toledo, J. Torrent, Z. Tsamalaidze, J.F.C.A. Veloso, R. Webb, J.T. White, and N. Yahlali

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Xe–CO2 mixtures are important alternatives to pure xenon in Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification with applications in the important field of rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The addition of CO2 to pure xenon at the level of 0.05–0.1% can reduce significantly the scale of electron diffusion from 10 mm/m to 2.5 mm/m, with high impact on the discrimination efficiency of the events through pattern recognition of the topology of primary ionization trails. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe–CO2 mixtures, with sub-percent CO2 concentrations. We demonstrate that the EL production is still high in these mixtures, 70% and 35% relative to that produced in pure xenon, for CO2 concentrations around 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively. The contribution of the statistical fluctuations in EL production to the energy resolution increases with increasing CO2 concentration, being smaller than the contribution of the Fano factor for concentrations below 0.1% CO2. Keywords: Double beta decay, Neutrino, Rare event detection, Electroluminescence, Secondary scintillation, Xenon

Published
2017
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3. Thermophysical Properties of Mixtures of Thorium and Uranium Nitride

Author

J.T. White, S. Newman, A. J. Fallgren, and S. Parker

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, General Engineering, Thorium, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, Nitride, Miscibility, Modeling and simulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Heat pipe, Lattice constant, chemistry, General Materials Science, Uranium nitride
Abstract

The miscibility, lattice parameter, and thermophysical properties of (Th0.2U0.8)N and (Th0.5U0.5)N have been investigated. It is shown that additions of thorium nitride (ThN) to uranium nitride (UN) increases the thermophysical performance of the mixed nitride fuel form in comparison to reference UN. In the more dilute limit, additions of ThN serve as a burnable neutronic poison and reduces the change in keff over the lifecycle of the fuel. At higher concentrations, additions of ThN serve as a significant fertile source of 233U. Where appropriate, comparisons to previous work on UN + PuN mixtures are made, as this is a comparable fuel form for potential fast reactor concepts, and a suitable point of contrast in the possible design space afforded by mixed (ThxU1 − x)N fuel forms. The data from this work are the input parameters for finite element modeling of the temperature distribution in a compact reactor. The results of modeling and simulation of this core design are shown for the case of steady-state operation and during double, adjacent heat pipe failure.

Published
2021

4. Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay searches

Author

R. Guenette, L. Ripoll, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, B. J. P. Jones, P. Lebrun, A. Laing, C. Adams, N. Byrnes, A. Martínez, L.M.P. Fernandes, Javier Pérez, Iván Rivilla, F. Monrabal, I. J. Arnquist, N. López-March, J.M.R. Teixeira, Javier Rodríguez, F.I.G.M. Borges, M. Kekic, T. Contreras, A.D. McDonald, Celia Rogero, M. Losada, S. Cebrián, C. Newhouse, A.A. Denisenko, C.A.N. Conde, R.D.P. Mano, B. Palmeiro, J.A. Hernando Morata, L. Rogers, C. Romo-Luque, G. Díaz, A. Simón, Z. E. Meziani, R. Felkai, Zoraida Freixa, A. Goldschmidt, A. Usón, L. Labarga, E. Church, J. Hauptman, J.M.F. dos Santos, Kevin Bailey, C.M.B. Monteiro, J. Torrent, F.P. Santos, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, P. Herrero, R. Weiss-Babai, Diego González-Díaz, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, D.R. Nygren, Paola Ferrario, J. Ho, J. Renner, T.T. Vuong, Víctor H. Alvarez, J.T. White, A. Redwine, F.J. Mora, Y. Ifergan, Lior Arazi, V. Herrero, C.A.O. Henriques, E. Oblak, N. Yahlali, G. Martínez-Lema, K. Hafidi, M. Querol, A. Para, R. González, Romain Esteve, Roberto Gutiérrez, M. Sorel, C. Stanford, J. Escada, J. Haefner, A.L. Ferreira, J.V. Carrión, B. Romeo, F. Ballester, Frank W. Foss, C.D.R. Azevedo, S. Gosh, P. Thapa, R. C. Webb, J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. Muñoz Vidal, J. S. Díaz, M. Martínez-Vara, K. Woodruff, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J. Generowicz, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundación 'la Caixa', and Department of Energy (US)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, QC770-798, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Particle and Plasma Physics, Double beta decay, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), Nuclear, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Raigs beta -- Desintegració, Detector, Molecular, Detectors, Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Beta rays -- Decay, Neutrino, Tonne, Order of magnitude
Abstract

The NEXT collaboration: et al., The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 136Xe using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of 0νββ decay better than 1027 years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond., The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) under the Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-2014-0398 and CEX2018-000867-S, and the María de Maeztu Program MDM2016-0692; the Generalitat Valenciana of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and under projects UID/FIS/04559/2020 to fund the activities of LIBPhys-UC; the Pazy Foundation (Israel) under grants 877040 and 877041; the US Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory), DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223 / DE-SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. JM-A acknowledges support from Fundación Bancaria la Caixa (ID 100010434), grant code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690012, and from the Plan GenT program of the Generalitat Valenciana, grant code CIDEGENT/2019/049.

Published
2021

5. Reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of PTFE coated with TPB at visible, UV, and VUV as a function of thickness

Author

J. Haefner, A. Fahs, J. Ho, C. Stanford, R. Guenette, C. Adams, H. Almazán, V. Álvarez, B. Aparicio, A.I. Aranburu, L. Arazi, I.J. Arnquist, F. Auria-Luna, S. Ayet, C.D.R. Azevedo, K. Bailey, F. Ballester, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, F.I.G.M. Borges, S. Bounasser, N. Byrnes, S. Cárcel, J.V. Carrión, S. Cebrián, E. Church, C.A.N. Conde, T. Contreras, F.P. Cossío, A.A. Denisenko, E. Dey, G. Díaz, T. Dickel, J. Escada, R. Esteve, R. Felkai, L.M.P. Fernandes, P. Ferrario, A.L. Ferreira, F.W. Foss, E.D.C. Freitas, Z. Freixa, J. Generowicz, A. Goldschmidt, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, R. González, J. Grocott, K. Hafidi, J. Hauptman, C.A.O. Henriques, J.A. Hernando Morata, P. Herrero-Gómez, V. Herrero, P. Ho, Y. Ifergan, B.J.P. Jones, M. Kekic, L. Labarga, L. Larizgoitia, P. Lebrun, D. Lopez Gutierrez, N. López-March, R. Madigan, R.D.P. Mano, J. Martín-Albo, G. Martínez-Lema, M. Martínez-Vara, A.P. Marques, Z.E. Meziani, R. Miller, K. Mistry, J. Molina-Canteras, F. Monrabal, C.M.B. Monteiro, F.J. Mora, J. Muñoz Vidal, K. Navarro, P. Novella, A. Nuñez, D.R. Nygren, E. Oblak, M. Odriozola-Gimeno, B. Palmeiro, A. Para, M. Querol, A.B. Redwine, J. Renner, I. Rivilla, J. Rodríguez, C. Rogero, L. Rogers, B. Romeo, C. Romo-Luque, F.P. Santos, J.M.F. dos Santos, A. Simón, M. Sorel, J.M.R. Teixeira, J.F. Toledo, J. Torrent, A. Usón, J.F.C.A. Veloso, T.T. Vuong, J. Waiton, and J.T. White

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Optics (physics.optics), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. In noble element systems, it is often coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) to allow detection of vacuum ultraviolet scintillation light. In this work this dependence is investigated for PTFE coated with TPB in air for light of wavelengths of 200 nm, 260 nm, and 450 nm. The results show that TPB-coated PTFE has a reflectance of approximately 92% for thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm at 450 nm, with negligible variation as a function of thickness within this range. A cross-check of these results using an argon chamber supports the conclusion that the change in thickness from 5 mm to 10 mm does not affect significantly the light response at 128 nm. Our results indicate that pieces of TPB-coated PTFE thinner than the typical 10 mm can be used in particle physics detectors without compromising the light signal.

Published
2023

6. Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

Author

T. Contreras, Z. E. Meziani, R. Weiss-Babai, I. J. Arnquist, J.V. Carrión, J. Renner, N. López-March, L. Rogers, F.J. Mora, J. Generowicz, T.M. Stiegler, Vicente Herrero, F.P. Santos, G. Martínez-Lema, C.M.B. Monteiro, R.D.P. Mano, L.M.P. Fernandes, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, P. Herrero, C. Adams, N. Byrnes, B. Palmeiro, J.A. Hernando Morata, N. Yahlali, D. González-Díaz, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, J. S. Díaz, M. Martínez-Vara, P. Novella, F.I.G.M. Borges, Romain Esteve, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, J. Martin-Albo, M. Del Tutto, A. Usón, R. Guenette, F. Monrabal, Roberto Gutiérrez, A.D. McDonald, C.D.R. Azevedo, J.T. White, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, M. Diesburg, E. Church, A. Laing, Kevin Bailey, J. Rodríguez, M. Kekic, A.B. Redwine, C.A.O. Henriques, J. Escada, L. Ripoll, J. Torrent, Lior Arazi, B. J. P. Jones, Víctor H. Alvarez, J. Haefner, B. Romeo, R. Felkai, M. Losada, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, K. Woodruff, L. Labarga, Y. Ifergan, J.M.F. dos Santos, C. Romo-Luque, Javier Pérez, S. Cebrián, Sudip Ghosh, R. C. Webb, G. Díaz, F. Ballester, Paola Ferrario, D.R. Nygren, A.F.M. Fernandes, M. Querol, C. Sofka, A. Para, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, K. Hafidi, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J. Muñoz Vidal, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Calibration (statistics), Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation, Nuclear physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Topology (electrical circuits), 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, Atomic, Partícules (Física nuclear), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Interaccions electró-positró, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), Nuclear, Nuclear Matrix, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Electron-positron interactions, Mathematical Physics, Particles (Nuclear physics), Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Event (computing), Network on, SIGNAL (programming language), Molecular, Física, Pattern recognition, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Beta Decay, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Doble desintegració beta, Identification (information), lcsh:QC770-798, Física nuclear, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

[EN] Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high-energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Xe-136. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6 MeV gamma rays from a Th-228 calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offers significant improvement in signal efficiency and background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses, This study used computing resources from Artemisa, co-funded by the European Union through the 2014-2020 FEDER Operative Programme of the Comunitat Valenciana, project DIFEDER/2018/048. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The NEXT collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: Xunta de Galicia (Centro singularde investigacion de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022), by European Union ERDF, and by the "Maria de Maeztu" Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692 and the Spanish Research State Agency"; the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-20140398 and CEX2018-000867-S; the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and under projects UID/FIS/04559/2020 to fund the activities of LIBPhys-UC; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223/DE SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015 18820. JMA acknowledges support from Fundacion Bancaria "la Caixa" (ID 100010434), grant code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690012. We also warmly acknowledge the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) and the Dark Side collaboration for their help with TPB coating of various parts of the NEXT-White TPC. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.

Published
2021

7. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission

Author

Laura Duncanson, James R. Kellner, John Armston, Ralph Dubayah, David M. Minor, Steven Hancock, Sean P. Healey, Paul L. Patterson, Svetlana Saarela, Suzanne Marselis, Carlos E. Silva, Jamis Bruening, Scott J. Goetz, Hao Tang, Michelle Hofton, Bryan Blair, Scott Luthcke, Lola Fatoyinbo, Katharine Abernethy, Alfonso Alonso, Hans-Erik Andersen, Paul Aplin, Timothy R. Baker, Nicolas Barbier, Jean Francois Bastin, Peter Biber, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Luigi Boschetti, Peter Brehm Boucher, Doreen S. Boyd, David F.R.P. Burslem, Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez, Jérôme Chave, Robin L. Chazdon, David B. Clark, Deborah A. Clark, Warren B. Cohen, David A. Coomes, Piermaria Corona, K.C. Cushman, Mark E.J. Cutler, James W. Dalling, Michele Dalponte, Jonathan Dash, Sergio de-Miguel, Songqiu Deng, Peter Woods Ellis, Barend Erasmus, Patrick A. Fekety, Alfredo Fernandez-Landa, Antonio Ferraz, Rico Fischer, Adrian G. Fisher, Antonio García-Abril, Terje Gobakken, Jorg M. Hacker, Marco Heurich, Ross A. Hill, Chris Hopkinson, Huabing Huang, Stephen P. Hubbell, Andrew T. Hudak, Andreas Huth, Benedikt Imbach, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Masato Katoh, Elizabeth Kearsley, David Kenfack, Natascha Kljun, Nikolai Knapp, Kamil Král, Martin Krůček, Nicolas Labrière, Simon L. Lewis, Marcos Longo, Richard M. Lucas, Russell Main, Jose A. Manzanera, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Renaud Mathieu, Herve Memiaghe, Victoria Meyer, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Alessandra Monerris, Paul Montesano, Felix Morsdorf, Erik Næsset, Laven Naidoo, Reuben Nilus, Michael O’Brien, David A. Orwig, Konstantinos Papathanassiou, Geoffrey Parker, Christopher Philipson, Oliver L. Phillips, Jan Pisek, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Christoph Rüdiger, Sassan Saatchi, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Nuria Sanchez-Lopez, Robert Scholes, Carlos A. Silva, Marc Simard, Andrew Skidmore, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Mihai Tanase, Chiara Torresan, Ruben Valbuena, Hans Verbeeck, Tomas Vrska, Konrad Wessels, Joanne C. White, Lee J.T. White, Eliakimu Zahabu, Carlo Zgraggen, Department of Natural Resources, UT-I-ITC-FORAGES, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Brown University, University of Edinburgh, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], and Université de Liège

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, CANOPY STRUCTURE, LiDAR, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Geological & Geomatics Engineering, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, Remote Sensing, ITC-HYBRID, BOREAL FOREST, HEIGHT, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, GEDI, Waveform, Forest, Aboveground biomass, Modeling, ddc:630, INVERSION, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GROUND BIOMASS, Geology, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, REGIONS, ddc, Geomatic Engineering, 13. Climate action, AIRBORNE LIDAR, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS, cavelab, VEGETATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI’s footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for final model selection. The data used to fit our models are from a compilation of globally distributed spatially and temporally coincident field and airborne lidar datasets, whereby we simulated GEDI-like waveforms from airborne lidar to build a calibration database. We used this database to expand the geographic extent of past waveform lidar studies and divided the globe into four broad strata by Plant Functional Type (PFT) and six geographic regions. GEDI’s waveform-to- biomass models take the form of parametric Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models with simulated Relative Height (RH) metrics as predictor variables. From an exhaustive set of candidate models, we selected the best input predictor variables, and data transformations for each geographic stratum in the GEDI domain to produce a set of comprehensive predictive footprint-level models. We found that model selection frequently favored combinations of RH metrics at the 98th, 90th, 50th, and 10th height above ground-level percentiles (RH98, RH90, RH50, and RH10, respectively), but that inclusion of lower RH metrics (e.g., RH10) did not markedly improve model performance. Second, forced inclusion of RH98 in all models was important and did not degrade model performance, and the best performing models were parsimonious, typically having only 1-3 predictors. Third, stratification by geographic domain (PFT, geographic region) improved model performance in comparison to global models without stratification. Fourth, for the vast majority of strata, the best performing models were fit using square root transformation of field AGBD and/or height metrics. There was considerable variability in model performance across geographic strata, and areas with sparse training data and/or high AGBD values had the poorest performance. These models are used to produce global predictions of AGBD, but will be improved in the future as more and better training data become available.

Published
2022

8. Gabon's green gold: a bibliographical review of thirty years of research on okoume (Aucoumea klaineana Pierre)

Author

Jean-Louis Doucet, Ludivine Lassois, Lee J.T. White, Patrick du Jardin, and Quentin Guidosse

Subjects
vulnerable species, sustainable management, IUCN, Geography, Planning and Development, Forestry, silviculture, Plant Science, forest ecology, rhizosphere, Agronomy and Crop Science, anastomoses, Biotechnology
Abstract

Introduction. Aucoumea klaineana Pierre is the most harvested timber species in Central Africa and plays a key role in the economy of Gabon. This tree is considered “Vulnerable” for more than three decades by the IUCN because its population is assumed to have been reduced by at least 50% as a result of logging. The objective of this review is to synthesize recent and relevant knowledge in order to update this status. It focuses more specifically on ecology, population dynamics, silviculture and impacts of logging. Literature. Its natural range mainly covers Gabon. It is a light-demanding and gregarious species that forms root anastomoses. It principally establishes itself in abandoned fields and savannahs. In mature forest its regeneration is rare and limited to large gaps. Selective logging only allows significant regeneration along roads. However, at the scale of Gabon, the species is abundant and its renewal is ensured. Legal logging does not threaten the species. However, after decades of logging focusing on best shaped trees, a production of lower quality is feared. The implementation of a thoughtful silviculture could be a solution. Conclusions. Aucoumea klaineana is not vulnerable under IUCN A1 criterion. However, the maintenance of a high-quality production over the long term calls for the implementation of silviculture based on a thorough knowledge of the factors affecting stand dynamics, especially the role of the rhizosphere. Although long described, the functioning of root anastomoses has never been studied in depth.

Published
2022

9. Boosting background suppression in the NEXT experiment through Richardson-Lucy deconvolution

Author

Javier Pérez, Javier Rodríguez, T. Contreras, C. Newhouse, Marta Losada, T.T. Vuong, L. Rogers, A.A. Denisenko, K. Woodruff, S. Cebrián, N. López-March, K. Hafidi, R. C. Webb, J.V. Carrión, J. Torrent, J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, L. Ripoll, J.T. White, P. Lebrun, B. J. P. Jones, J. Muñoz Vidal, R.D.P. Mano, Iván Rivilla, F. Monrabal, B. Aparicio, A.B. Redwine, Y. Ifergan, C.A.O. Henriques, F.P. Cossío, I.J. Arnquist, J. Ho, R. Guenette, Z.-E. Meziani, J.F. Toledo, B. Palmeiro, Kevin Bailey, C. Adams, A.D. McDonald, N. Byrnes, S. Cárcel, R. Felkai, A.I. Aranburu, J.A. Hernando Morata, J. S. Díaz, M. Martínez-Vara, P. Novella, L.M.P. Fernandes, J.M.R. Teixeira, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, C. Stanford, J. Escada, F.P. Santos, C.D.R. Azevedo, F.I.G.M. Borges, E. Oblak, A. Para, A. Usón, R. González, M. Querol, P. Herrero, M. Sorel, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, C.M.B. Monteiro, A.L. Ferreira, H. Almazán, Zoraida Freixa, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, Ana Martínez, Diego González-Díaz, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, J.M.F. dos Santos, J. Haefner, Víctor H. Alvarez, Lior Arazi, Frank W. Foss, Roberto Gutiérrez, V. Herrero, E. Church, N. Yahlali, C. Romo-Luque, Romain Esteve, F. Ballester, S. Gosh, Paola Ferrario, D. R. Nygren, M. Kekic, A. Laing, M. Odriozola-Gimeno, P. Thapa, J. Generowicz, R. Weiss-Babai, J. Renner, G. Díaz, G. Martínez-Lema, B. Romeo, F.J. Mora, Celia Rogero, A. Simón, and European Commission

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Ionization, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Ionització, FOS: Physical sciences, double beta decay, Richardson–Lucy deconvolution, Bragg peak, Electron, QC770-798, 01 natural sciences, Signal, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Double beta decay, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, gas, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Raigs beta -- Desintegració, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational physics, dark matter and double beta decay (experiments), Beta rays -- Decay, Deconvolution, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The NEXT collaboration: et al., Next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments aim for half-life sensitivities of ∼ 1027 yr, requiring suppressing backgrounds to < 1 count/tonne/yr. For this, any extra background rejection handle, beyond excellent energy resolution and the use of extremely radiopure materials, is of utmost importance. The NEXT experiment exploits differences in the spatial ionization patterns of double beta decay and single-electron events to discriminate signal from background. While the former display two Bragg peak dense ionization regions at the opposite ends of the track, the latter typically have only one such feature. Thus, comparing the energies at the track extremes provides an additional rejection tool. The unique combination of the topology-based background discrimination and excellent energy resolution (1% FWHM at the Q-value of the decay) is the distinguishing feature of NEXT. Previous studies demonstrated a topological background rejection factor of ∼ 5 when reconstructing electron-positron pairs in the 208Tl 1.6 MeV double escape peak (with Compton events as background), recorded in the NEXT-White demonstrator at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, with 72% signal efficiency. This was recently improved through the use of a deep convolutional neural network to yield a background rejection factor of ∼ 10 with 65% signal efficiency. Here, we present a new reconstruction method, based on the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm, which allows reversing the blurring induced by electron diffusion and electroluminescence light production in the NEXT TPC. The new method yields highly refined 3D images of reconstructed events, and, as a result, significantly improves the topological background discrimination. When applied to real-data 1.6 MeV e−e+ pairs, it leads to a background rejection factor of 27 at 57% signal efficiency.

Published
2021

10. Experimental and computational assessment of U Si N ternary phases

Author

J.T. White, Emily E. Moore, Antoine Claisse, Andrew T. Nelson, Tashiema L. Wilson, Denise Adorno Lopes, E. Sooby Wood, Simon C. Middleburgh, Theodore M. Besmann, and Vancho Kocevski

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Solid-state chemistry, Materials science, Rietveld refinement, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Soft modes, Crystal structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Melting point, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry), Ternary operation
Abstract

Uranium nitride-silicide composites are being considered as a high-density and high thermal conductivity fuel option for light water reactors. During development, chemical interactions were observed near the silicide melting point which resulted in formation of an unknown U Si N ternary phase. In the present work, U Si N composite samples were produced by arc-melting U3Si2 under an argon-nitrogen atmosphere to form the ternary phase. The resulting samples were characterized by SEM/EDS-EPMA and XRD, and demonstrated an equilibrium between U3Si2, UN, USi and a U Si N phase with a distinct crystallographic structure. Rietveld refinement of the ternary structure was performed, considering the ternary structures existent in the analogue U Si C system, and a good fit was obtained for the hexagonal U20Si16N3 phase. DFT + U calculations were performed in parallel to evaluate the thermodynamic and dynamic stability of the ternaries U20Si16N3 and U3Si2N2. The calculated enthalpy of formation and phonon dispersion support the existence of stable U20Si16N3 and U3Si2N2, although some soft modes in the U20Si16N3 phase phonons are observed. The results presented here thus demonstrate the occurrence of at least one ternary phase in the U Si N system.

Published
2019

11. Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture

Author

C.M.B. Monteiro, J.F.C.A. Veloso, G. Díaz, E.D.C. Freitas, B. Palmeiro, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, R. Weiss-Babai, J. Muñoz Vidal, F.P. Santos, Saunab Ghosh, Sandra K. Johnston, J.T. White, F. Ballester, J. Renner, Lior Arazi, J. Generowicz, A.B. Redwine, P. Herrero, V. Herrero, G. Martínez-Lema, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, Paola Ferrario, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, J. S. Díaz, M. Martínez-Vara, P. Novella, F. Monrabal, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, I.J. Arnquist, N. López-March, C.D.R. Azevedo, Kevin Bailey, A.D. McDonald, C. Adams, N. Byrnes, J. Torrent, Jose Repond, M. Kekic, S. Riordan, E. Church, R.D.P. Mano, T. Contreras, M. Querol, Javier Pérez, J.V. Carrión, C. Romo-Luque, L.M.P. Fernandes, B. Romeo, C. Sofka, C.A.O. Henriques, F.J. Mora, J.A. Hernando Morata, K. Woodruff, Jose A. Rodriguez, D. González-Díaz, L. Rogers, A. Usón, Marta Losada, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, T.M. Stiegler, A. Para, Víctor H. Alvarez, D. R. Nygren, F.I.G.M. Borges, A. Laing, J. Haefner, A. Simón, N. Yahlali, M. Sorel, A.F.M. Fernandes, P. Lebrun, S. Cebrián, Ana Martínez, A.L. Ferreira, Romain Esteve, R. C. Webb, M. Diesburg, R. Guenette, J. Escada, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, K. Hafidi, J.M.F. dos Santos, Y. Ifergan, R. Felkai, Roberto Gutiérrez, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Electron capture, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay, Extrapolation, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrons, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Particle and Plasma Physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Matrix, Nuclear, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Raigs beta -- Desintegració, Detector, Física, Molecular, Detectors, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Beta Decay, Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Beta rays -- Decay
Abstract

[EN] Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite di erent, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in 78Kr, 130Ba and, recently, 124Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to 124Xe 2 ECEC and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the 2 ECEC signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with 124Xe-depleted gas as background, we de ne an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of 124Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the two-neutroni double electron capture half-life of 6x10exp22 years (at 90% con dence level) or better can be reached., The NEXT collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-2014-0398 and CEX2018-000867-S, and the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM-2016-0692; the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014, under project UID/FIS/04559/2013 to fund the activities of LIBPhys, and under grants PD/BD/105921/2014, SFRH/BPD/109180/2015 and SFRH/BPD/76842/2011; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory), DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223/DE-SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. We also warmly acknowledge the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) and the Dark Side collaboration for their help with TPB coating of various parts of the NEXT-White TPC. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment

Published
2021

12. Dependence of polytetrafluoroethylene reflectance on thickness at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths in air

Author

B. J. P. Jones, A. Usón, Víctor H. Alvarez, G. Martínez-Lema, R. Weiss-Babai, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, A.B. Redwine, J. Renner, F. Ballester, Kevin Bailey, A.D. McDonald, K. Hafidi, J. Torrent, J. S. Díaz, M. Martínez-Vara, P. Novella, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, P. Herrero, D. R. Nygren, L.M.P. Fernandes, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, Paola Ferrario, Y. Ifergan, N. Yahlali, T. Contreras, B. Romeo, L. Rogers, K. Woodruff, D. González-Díaz, Saunab Ghosh, Marta Losada, E. Church, X. Li, Lior Arazi, J.M.F. dos Santos, Romain Esteve, Javier Pérez, J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, F.J. Mora, G. Díaz, S. Riordan, J. Haefner, C. Romo-Luque, C.A.O. Henriques, F.P. Santos, Jose Repond, R. Felkai, A. Simón, J. Muñoz Vidal, P. Lebrun, J.V. Carrión, C.D.R. Azevedo, A.F.M. Fernandes, M. Diesburg, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, F. Monrabal, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, T.M. Stiegler, J. Escada, N. López-March, B. Palmeiro, C. Burch, A. Laing, R. Guenette, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, Roberto Gutiérrez, R.D.P. Mano, A. Para, S. Cebrián, Ana Martínez, F.I.G.M. Borges, M. Sorel, I.J. Arnquist, J.A. Hernando Morata, A.L. Ferreira, M. Querol, C. Adams, N. Byrnes, R. C. Webb, A. Loya Villalpando, V. Herrero, M. Kekic, J.T. White, C.M.B. Monteiro, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, and L. Ripoll

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Synthetic materials, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Political science, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Instrumentation, Ultraviolet radiation, Mathematical Physics, media_common, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, European research, Time projection Chambers (TPC), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Visible radiation, Double-beta decay detectors, Reflectivity, Detector design and construction technologies and materials, National laboratory
Abstract

[EN] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. However, the reflectance of PTFE is a function of its thickness. In this work, we investigate this dependence in air for light of wavelengths 260 nm and 450 nm using two complementary methods. We find that PTFE reflectance for thicknesses from 5 mm to 10 mm ranges from 92.5% to 94.5% at 450 nm, and from 90.0% to 92.0% at 260 nm We also see that the reflectance of PIFE of a given thickness can vary by as much as 2.7% within the same piece of material. Finally, we show that placing a specular reflector behind the PTFE can recover the loss of reflectance in the visible without introducing a specular component in the reflectance., The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-2014-0398 and CEX2018-000867-S, and the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM-2016-0692; the Generalitat Valenciana under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and under projects UID/04559/2020 to fund the activities of LIBPhys-UC; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory), DE-AC0207CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223/DE-SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington (USA). DGD acknowledges Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC2015-18820. JM-A acknowledges support from Fundacion Bancaria "la Caixa" (ID 100010434), grant code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690012. Finally, we thank Brendon Bullard, Paolo Giromini and Neeraj Tata for helpful discussions and assistance with preliminary measurements.

Published
2020

13. Radio frequency and DC high voltage breakdown of high pressure helium, argon, and xenon

Author

C.D.R. Azevedo, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, R. Guenette, A. Para, Sandra K. Johnston, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, F.P. Santos, F.J. Mora, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, G. Martínez-Lema, P. Lebrun, M. Sorel, Jose A. Rodriguez, A. Martínez, Roberto Gutiérrez, T.M. Stiegler, A. Usón, A.L. Ferreira, Saunab Ghosh, Jose Repond, J.V. Carrión, Víctor H. Alvarez, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, Lior Arazi, T. Contreras, A.A. Denisenko, A. Simón, J.M.F. dos Santos, B. Romeo, M. Querol, S. Riordan, F.I.G.M. Borges, E. Church, J.T. White, L. Norman, J. Muñoz Vidal, D. González-Díaz, C.A.O. Henriques, J. Haefner, Kevin Bailey, J. Baeza-Rubio, L.M.P. Fernandes, G. Díaz, A.D. McDonald, S. Cebrián, L. Ripoll, N. López-March, B. J. P. Jones, D. Huerta, R. C. Webb, Frank W. Foss, Marta Losada, M. Diesburg, A.F.M. Fernandes, C. Sofka, L. Rogers, M. Kekic, F. Monrabal, J. Escada, K. Hafidi, J. Torrent, R.D.P. Mano, C.M.B. Monteiro, R. Felkai, Javier Pérez, A. Goldschmidt, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, J. Hauptman, K. Woodruff, P. Herrero, J.A. Hernando Morata, I.J. Arnquist, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, C. Adams, N. Byrnes, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, B. Palmeiro, V. Herrero, N. Yahlali, Romain Esteve, A. Laing, D. R. Nygren, J. Generowicz, F. Ballester, Paola Ferrario, P. Thapa, C. Romo-Luque, R. Weiss-Babai, and J. Renner

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, 03 medical and health sciences, Gaseous detectors, 0302 clinical medicine, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Helium, Argon, Dielectric strength, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High voltage, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors, chemistry, Radio frequency, Atomic physics, Voltage
Abstract

Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure xenon gas. This would require carpet functionality in regimes at higher pressures than have been previously reported, implying correspondingly larger electrode voltages than in existing systems. This mode of operation appears plausible for contemporary RF-carpet geometries due to the higher predicted breakdown strength of high pressure xenon relative to low pressure helium, the working medium in most existing RF carpet devices. In this paper we present the first measurements of the high voltage dielectric strength of xenon gas at high pressure and at the relevant RF frequencies for ion transport (in the 10 MHz range), as well as new DC and RF measurements of the dielectric strengths of high pressure argon and helium gases at small gap sizes. We find breakdown voltages that are compatible with stable RF carpet operation given the gas, pressure, voltage, materials and geometry of interest.

Published
2020

14. Helium–Xenon mixtures to improve the topological signature in high pressure gas xenon TPCs

Author

F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, S. Riordan, A. Laing, F.I.G.M. Borges, R. Felkai, G. Martínez-Lema, J. Renner, A.D. McDonald, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, J. Muñoz Vidal, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, L.M. Moutinho, J. Torrent, Javier Rodríguez, L.M.P. Fernandes, F. Monrabal, Jose Repond, Víctor H. Alvarez, B. Palmeiro, J.V. Carrión, C.A.N. Conde, Paola Ferrario, A. Simón, S. Cebrián, M. Musti, L. Rogers, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, Lior Arazi, A. Para, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Losada, R. C. Webb, N. López-March, M. Sorel, C. Romo-Luque, K. Hafidi, C.D.R. Azevedo, C. Adams, V. Herrero, D.R. Nygren, A.L. Ferreira, A. Botas, Roberto Gutiérrez, N. Yahlali, J.A. Hernando Morata, A.I. Hernandez, Z. Tsamalaidze, M. Nebot-Guinot, Romain Esteve, L. Labarga, F.P. Santos, C.A.O. Henriques, J.F. Toledo, C. Sofka, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, M. Diesburg, J. Escada, M. Querol, Sandra K. Johnston, J.T. White, C.M.B. Monteiro, Diego González-Díaz, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, J.M.F. dos Santos, Javier Pérez, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, and R. Guenette

Subjects
Enginyeria -- Instruments, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Electroluminescence, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Engineering instruments, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Detectors de radiació, Helium, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, chemistry, Nuclear counters, Electroluminescència, Atomic physics
Abstract

Within the framework of xenon-based double beta decay experiments, we propose the possibility to improve the background rejection of an electroluminescent Time Projection Chamber (EL TPC) by reducing the diffusion of the drifting electrons while keeping nearly intact the energy resolution of a pure xenon EL TPC. Based on state-of-the-art microscopic simulations, a substantial addition of helium, around 10 or 15~\%, may reduce drastically the transverse diffusion down to 2.5~mm/$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}$ from the 10.5~mm/$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}$ of pure xenon. The longitudinal diffusion remains around 4~mm/$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}$. Light production studies have been performed as well. They show that the relative variation in energy resolution introduced by such a change does not exceed a few percent, which leaves the energy resolution practically unchanged. The technical caveats of using photomultipliers close to an helium atmosphere are also discussed in detail., 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2018

15. U3Si2 behavior in H2O: Part I, flowing steam and the effect of hydrogen

Author

Andrew T. Nelson, J.T. White, E. Sooby Wood, and Christopher John Grote

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Degradation (geology), General Materials Science, Light-water reactor, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Recent interest in U3Si2 as an advanced light water reactor fuel has driven assessment of numerous properties, but characterization of its response to H2O environments is absent from the literature. The behavior of U3Si2 in H2O containing atmospheres is investigated and presented in a two-part series of articles aimed to understand the degradation mechanism of U3Si2 in H2O. Reported here are thermogravimetric data for U3Si2 exposed to flowing steam at 250–470 °C. Additionally the response of U3Si2 to flowing Ar-6% H2 from 350 to 400 °C is presented. Microstructural degradation is observed following hours of exposure at 350 °C in steam. U3Si2 undergoes pulverization on the timescale of minutes when temperatures are increased above 400 °C. This mechanism is accelerated in flowing Ar-H2 at the same temperatures.

Published
2018

16. Determination of elastic properties of polycrystalline U3Si2 using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy

Author

U. Carvajal-Nunez, J.T. White, Tarik A. Saleh, Boris Maiorov, and Andrew T. Nelson

Subjects
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Bulk modulus, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Light-water reactor, Crystallite, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The elastic properties of U3Si2 at room temperature have been measured via resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Results show that the average value of Young's and the bulk modulus for U3Si2 are 130.4 ± 0.5 and 68.3 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively. Further, a numerical model to assess thermal stress in an operating fuel is evaluated. The thermal stress evolved in U3Si2 is compared to UO2 to facilitate an estimation of the probability of crack formation in U3Si2 under representative light water reactor operating conditions.

Published
2018

17. Mechanical Properties of Uranium Silicides by Nanoindentation and Finite Elements Modeling

Author

J.T. White, Andrew T. Nelson, U. Carvajal-Nunez, Mohamed Elbakhshwan, and Nathan A. Mara

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, General Engineering, Stiffness, Modulus, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nanoindentation, Uranium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Finite element method, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Content (measure theory), medicine, General Materials Science, Composite material, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Three methods were used to measure the mechanical properties of $${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Si}}$$ , $${\text{U}}_3{\text{Si}}_{2}$$ , and USi. Quasi-static and continuous stiffness measurement nanoindentation were used to determine hardness and Young’s modulus, and microindentation was used to evaluate the bulk hardness. Hardness and Young’s modulus of the three U-Si compounds were both observed to increase with Si content. Finally, finite elements modelling was used to validate the nanoindentation data calculated for $${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Si}}_{2}$$ and estimate its yield strength.

Published
2017

18. Oxidation Kinetics of Ferritic Alloys in High-Temperature Steam Environments

Author

J.T. White, Andrew T. Nelson, S. Parker, and Peter Hosemann

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Cladding (metalworking), Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Kinetics, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Engineering, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric temperature range, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Kinetic energy, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Isothermal process, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Light-water reactor, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

High-temperature isothermal steam oxidation kinetic parameters of several ferritic alloys were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The oxidation kinetic constant (k) was measured as a function of temperature from 900°C to 1200°C. The results show a marked increase in oxidation resistance compared to reference Zircaloy-2, with kinetic constants 3–5 orders of magnitude lower across the experimental temperature range. The results of this investigation supplement previous findings on the properties of ferritic alloys for use as candidate cladding materials and extend kinetic parameter measurements to high-temperature steam environments suitable for assessing accident tolerance for light water reactor applications.

Published
2017

19. The effect of aluminum additions on the oxidation resistance of U3Si2

Author

J.T. White, Andrew T. Nelson, and E. Sooby Wood

Subjects
Diffraction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Nuclear fuel, Scanning electron microscope, Metallurgy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Metal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Aluminium, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The effect of aluminum additions to U 3 Si 2 is investigated as a means to improve the oxidation resistance of this nuclear fuel form. Four U-Si-Al compositions have been synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The onsets of breakaway oxidation are identified in air thermal ramp tests using thermogravimetric analysis. The final oxidation products following 1000° C air exposure are identified using x-ray diffraction and compared to those of UO 2 and U metal oxidized in the same manner. Thermogravimetric data acquired in this study indicates that increasing amounts of Al in U 3 Si 2 further delays the onset of breakaway oxidation, providing enhanced oxidation resistance in air. Al 2 O 3 formation on U 3 Al 2 Si 3 is observed following a heat treatment performed at 500° C in air, demonstrating the potential of Al additions to improve the oxidation resistance of U 3 Si 2 .

Published
2017

20. Oxidation behavior of U-Si compounds in air from 25 to 1000 C

Author

Andrew T. Nelson, J.T. White, and E. Sooby Wood

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermogravimetric analysis, Chemical substance, Chemistry, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Uranium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Isothermal process, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Metal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Magazine, Chemical engineering, law, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Science, technology and society
Abstract

The air oxidation behavior of U3Si2, USi, and U3Si5 is studied from room temperature to 1000 C. The onsets of breakaway oxidation for each compound are identified during synthetic air ramps to 1000 C using thermogravimetric analysis. Isothermal air oxidation tests are performed below and above the breakaway oxidation onset to discern the oxidation kinetic behavior of these candidate accident tolerant fuel forms. Uranium metal is tested in the same manner to provide a reference for the oxidation behavior. Thermogravimetric, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis are presented here along with a discussion of the oxidation behavior of these materials and the impact of the lack of oxidation resistance to their deployment as accident tolerant nuclear fuels.

Published
2017

21. Electron drift and longitudinal diffusion in high pressure xenon-helium gas mixtures

Author

Jose Repond, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, J. Pérez, I. J. Arnquist, C. Romo-Luque, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, C.M.B. Monteiro, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, K. Hafidi, M. Kekic, A. Para, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, D. González-Díaz, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, A.D. McDonald, G. Díaz, N. Yahlali, M. Querol, M. Losada, J. Muñoz Vidal, Sandra K. Johnston, D.R. Nygren, Romain Esteve, B. Al Atoum, B. Palmeiro, E. Church, C.D.R. Azevedo, G. Martínez-Lema, C. Sofka, J. Generowicz, F.I.G.M. Borges, M. Diesburg, K. Woodruff, L. Ripoll, J.T. White, V. Herrero, B. J. P. Jones, J. Haefner, J. Escada, B. Romeo, R. Felkai, F. Ballester, Roberto Gutiérrez, R. Weiss-Babai, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Renner, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, L.M.P. Fernandes, R. Guenette, P. Herrero, A. Laing, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, S. Riordan, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, S. Cebrián, R. C. Webb, J.M.F. dos Santos, Paola Ferrario, C.A.O. Henriques, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, J. Torrent, K. Bailey, F.P. Santos, Javier Rodríguez, L. Rogers, A. Usón, Víctor H. Alvarez, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, Lior Arazi, F. Monrabal, J. V. Carrión, N. López-March, R.D.P. Mano, J.A. Hernando Morata, C. Adams, A.F.M. Fernandes, L. Labarga, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, and Generalitat Valenciana

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Drift velocity, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Extrapolation, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Xenon, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Diffusion (business), Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Helium, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Atomic physics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

We report new measurements of the drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficients of electrons in pure xenon gas and in xenon-helium gas mixtures at 1-9 bar and electric field strengths of 50-300 V/cm. In pure xenon we find excellent agreement with world data at all $E/P$, for both drift velocity and diffusion coefficients. However, a larger value of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient than theoretical predictions is found at low $E/P$ in pure xenon, below the range of reduced fields usually probed by TPC experiments. A similar effect is observed in xenon-helium gas mixtures at somewhat larger $E/P$. Drift velocities in xenon-helium mixtures are found to be theoretically well predicted. Although longitudinal diffusion in xenon-helium mixtures is found to be larger than anticipated, extrapolation based on the measured longitudinal diffusion coefficients suggest that the use of helium additives to reduce transverse diffusion in xenon gas remains a promising prospect.

Published
2019

22. Electroluminescence TPCs at the thermal diffusion limit

Author

A. Laing, M. Losada, C. Romo-Luque, F. Ballester, Paola Ferrario, Javier Rodríguez, N. López-March, J.M.F. dos Santos, D. González-Díaz, L. Rogers, Sandra K. Johnston, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, R.D.P. Mano, A. Para, R. Felkai, Jose Repond, J.A. Hernando Morata, M. Sorel, J.V. Carrión, D.R. Nygren, F.I.G.M. Borges, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, A.L. Ferreira, J.T. White, Roberto Gutiérrez, G. Martínez-Lema, M. Nebot-Guinot, S. Cebrián, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, Víctor H. Alvarez, R. C. Webb, Lior Arazi, J. Generowicz, Javier Pérez, R. Guenette, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, C.M.B. Monteiro, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, J. Muñoz Vidal, L. Labarga, A. Botas, F.P. Santos, M. R. Jorge, M. Diesburg, J. Escada, C. Adams, C. Sofka, J. Torrent, A.F.M. Fernandes, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, F. Monrabal, M. Querol, C.D.R. Azevedo, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, M. Musti, S. Riordan, K. Hafidi, C.A.O. Henriques, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, Kevin Bailey, A.D. McDonald, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, L.M.P. Fernandes, F. Psihas, A.I. Hernandez, J. Renner, M. Kekic, N. Yahlali, Romain Esteve, B. Palmeiro, V. Herrero, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, European Commission, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Electroluminiscència, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Mathematical Sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), Nuclear, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Molecular, Física, Nuclear energy, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Particle correlations and fluctuations, 85-05, Electroluminescence, chemistry, Rare decay, Yield (chemistry), Photon production, Physical Sciences, Scintillation counter, Energia nuclear, lcsh:QC770-798, Atomic physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, The NEXT experiment aims at searching for the hypothetical neutrinoless double-beta decay from the 136Xe isotope using a high-purity xenon TPC. Efficient discrimination of the events through pattern recognition of the topology of primary ionisation tracks is a major requirement for the experiment. However, it is limited by the diffusion of electrons. It is known that the addition of a small fraction of a molecular gas to xenon reduces electron diffusion. On the other hand, the electroluminescence (EL) yield drops and the achievable energy resolution may be compromised. We have studied the effect of adding several molecular gases to xenon (CO2, CH4 and CF4) on the EL yield and energy resolution obtained in a small prototype of driftless gas proportional scintillation counter. We have compared our results on the scintillation characteristics (EL yield and energy resolution) with a microscopic simulation, obtaining the diffusion coefficients in those conditions as well. Accordingly, electron diffusion may be reduced from about 10 mm/m for pure xenon down to 2.5 mm/m using additive concentrations of about 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.02% for CO2, CH4 and CF4, respectively. Our results show that CF4 admixtures present the highest EL yield in those conditions, but very poor energy resolution as a result of huge fluctuations observed in the EL formation. CH4 presents the best energy resolution despite the EL yield being the lowest. The results obtained with xenon admixtures are extrapolated to the operational conditions of the NEXT-100 TPC. CO2 and CH4 show potential as molecular additives in a large xenon TPC. While CO2 has some operational constraints, making it difficult to be used in a large TPC, CH4 shows the best performance and stability as molecular additive to be used in the NEXT-100 TPC, with an extrapolated energy resolution of 0.4% at 2.45 MeV for concentrations below 0.4%, which is only slightly worse than the one obtained for pure xenon. We demonstrate the possibility to have an electroluminescence TPC operating very close to the thermal diffusion limit without jeopardizing the TPC performance, if CO2 or CH4 are chosen as additives.[Figure not available: see fulltext.], The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No.674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398 and the María de Maetzu Program MDM-2016-0692;the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014, under project UID/FIS/04559/2013 to fund the activities of LIBPhys, and under grants PD/BD/105921/2014, SFRH/BPD/109180/2015 and SFRH/BPD/76842/2011; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020(Texas A&M) and DE-SC0017721 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. We also warmly acknowledge the Laboratori Nazionalidel Gran Sasso (LNGS) and the Dark Side collaboration for their help with TPB coatingof various parts of the NEXT-White TPC.

Published
2019

23. The Next White (NEW) detector

Author

Jose Repond, J.V. Carrión, Sandra K. Johnston, M. Kekic, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, A. Botas, R. Felkai, S. Riordan, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, J. Torrent, J. Generowicz, K. Hafidi, A. Laing, C.M.B. Monteiro, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, K. Bailey, L. Labarga, S. Cebrián, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, Roberto Gutiérrez, M. Musti, R. C. Webb, F. Monrabal, Javier Rodríguez, D. González-Díaz, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, J.T. White, M. Diesburg, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, Javier Pérez, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, J. Escada, L. Rogers, D.R. Nygren, G. Martínez-Lema, C.A.O. Henriques, Lior Arazi, C. Sofka, Paola Ferrario, J.M.F. dos Santos, M. Losada, N. López-March, A. Para, M. Sorel, C.D.R. Azevedo, C. Romo-Luque, A.L. Ferreira, R.D.P. Mano, M. Nebot-Guinot, J.A. Hernando Morata, Víctor H. Alvarez, F.P. Santos, A.I. Hernandez, J. Muñoz Vidal, A.D. McDonald, F.I.G.M. Borges, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, R. Guenette, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, L.M.P. Fernandes, J. Renner, B. Palmeiro, V. Herrero, N. Yahlali, Romain Esteve, M. Querol, C. Adams, and A.F.M. Fernandes

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Xenon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, European research, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High-pressure xenon chambers, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, Time Projection Chamber (TPC), Political science, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Neutrinoless double beta decay, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, media_common, NEXT-100 experiment
Abstract

[EN] Conceived to host 5 kg of xenón at a pressure of 15 bar in the ¿ducial volume,the NEXTWhite (NEW)apparatus is currently the largest high pressure xenon gas TPC using electroluminescent ampli¿cation in the world. It is also a 1:2 scale model of the NEXT-100 detector scheduled to start searching for ßß0¿ decays in 136Xe in 2019. Both detectors measure the energy of the event using a plane of photomultipliers located behind a transparent cathode. They can also reconstruct the trajectories of charged tracks in the dense gas of the TPC with the help of a plane of silicon photomultipliers located behind the anode. A sophisticated gas system, common to both detectors, allows the high gas purity needed to guarantee a long electron lifetime. NEXT-White has been operating since October 2017 at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC), in Spain. This paper describes the detector and associated infrastructures., The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398 and the Maria de Maetzu Program MDM-2016-0692; the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT and FEDER through the program COMPETE, projects PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and UID/FIS/04559/2013; the U.S. Department of Energy under contract numbers DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M), DE-SC0017721 (University of Texas at Arlington), and DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory); and the University of Texas at Arlington. We also warmly acknowledge the Laboratorio Nazionale di Gran Sasso (LNGS) and the Dark Side collaboration for their help with TPB coating of various parts of the NEXT-White TPC. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.

Published
2018

24. Fabrication and thermophysical properties of UO2-UB2 and UO2-UB4 composites sintered via spark plasma sintering

Author

Jie Lian, Kenneth J. McClellan, U. Carvajal, J.T. White, Bowen Gong, Darrin D. Byler, David Frazer, Andrew T. Nelson, Tiankai Yao, E. Kardoulaki, and Tarik A. Saleh

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Uranium dioxide, Spark plasma sintering, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Laser flash analysis, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thermal conductivity, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Phase (matter), Boride, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Uranium dioxide (UO2) composites with uranium diboride (UB2) and uranium tetraboride (UB4) have been proposed as advanced fuel candidates due to their high thermal conductivity, high melting point, high fissile density and their ability to incorporate a built-in burnable poison by tailoring the targeted 10B/11B ratio. As such, it is important to assess the fabrication, and thermal and micromechanical properties of such composites. In this work, UO2-UB2 and UO2-UB4 samples with boride phase fractions of 5, 15 and 30 wt% were fabricated to high densities (above 95% theoretical density) via spark plasma sintering (SPS). This enabled sintering at relatively low temperatures and short timescales. SPS also aided in maintaining the target phase fractions of the samples as reactions between the constituent phases were suppressed due to the short timescales and reducing environment during sintering. Thermal diffusivity measurements from 299 to 1273 K were conducted through laser flash analysis (LFA). The diffusivity increased as a function of boride weight fraction, and UB2 additions increased the thermal diffusivity of the composites more than UB4 additions. Assessment of the LFA results indicated that in-situ reactions between the UO2 and boride phases that suppress the thermal diffusivity occur above 800 K for all samples. Oxidation of the boride phase was proposed as the underlying reaction. This was supported by thermodynamic assessments from the literature, as well as microstructural, crystallographic, and nanoindentation characterization performed on these samples.

Published
2021

25. Thermophysical properties of high-density, sintered monoliths of yttrium dihydride in the range 373–773 K

Author

Holly R. Trellue, Sven C. Vogel, Joseph R. Wermer, Vedant Mehta, Erik P. Luther, J.T. White, Michael W.D. Cooper, Tarik A. Saleh, and Aditya Shivprasad

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Neutron diffraction, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Yttrium, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Laser flash analysis, Thermal expansion, 0104 chemical sciences, Thermal conductivity, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Powder metallurgy, Materials Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Yttrium dihydride is a promising nuclear reactor moderator for high-temperature, thermal micro-reactors due to its ability to retain hydrogen to high temperatures while having a relatively low impact on neutron economy. However, it is difficult to fabricate yttrium dihydride in high-density, near net-shape monoliths for moderator applications due to challenges associated with the hydrogen absorption process. In this study, high-density monoliths of yttrium dihydride were prepared by powder metallurgical methods. The lattice strain and thermal expansion coefficient were measured using neutron diffraction of powders of directly-hydrided yttrium, while the molar heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of sintered yttrium dihydride were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and laser flash analysis (LFA), respectively. The molar heat capacity of yttrium dihydride was also calculated using density functional theory (DFT) for comparison. These parameters were used to then calculate the thermal conductivity and resistivity of yttrium dihydride as a function of temperature. The thermophysical properties of materials produced by both methods were observed to be consistent with the values from literature for yttrium dihydride. Due to the novelty of producing yttrium dihydride by powder metallurgical methods, this result indicated that the sintered monoliths were of high quality and that powder metallurgy is a viable method for large-scale production of yttrium dihydride monoliths for nuclear reactor moderator applications.

Published
2021

26. Thermophysical properties of USi to 1673 K

Author

J.T. White, Andrew T. Nelson, Darrin D. Byler, Kenneth J. McClellan, and J.T. Dunwoody

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Uranium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Thermal expansion, Laser flash analysis, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thermal conductivity, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Silicide, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Energy source
Abstract

Consideration of uranium silicide compounds as candidate nuclear reactor fuels requires the accurate knowledge of their thermophysical properties as a function of temperature. Stoichiometric USi has received little attention in the literature with regard to property characterization. This absence of data prevents modeling and simulation communities from predicting performance of uranium silicide fuels that are either nominally USi itself, or are designed with other uranium silicide phases but may include appreciable fractions of USi introduced as a result of the fuel synthesis or fabrication process. This study was undertaken to quantify the thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of USi from ambient conditions to just below the peritectic decomposition of the compound. Stoichiometric samples that were prepared by arc melting and powder metallurgical routes for thermophysical property measurements exhibited 94% USi phase, with the balance being U 3 Si 5 phase that likely formed during the solidification process. An energetic phase transformation was observed at 723 K, which is attributed to the inclusion of the secondary U 3 Si 5 phase.

Published
2016

27. Thermodynamic assessment of the oxygen rich U–Ce–O system

Author

Kiichi Suzuki, B.W. Slone, J.T. White, Masato Kato, Kenneth J. McClellan, Takashi Murakami, Stewart L Voit, Shun Hirooka, Andrew T. Nelson, Jacob W. McMurray, and Theodore M. Besmann

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermogravimetric analysis, Chemistry, Ionic bonding, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, Fluorite, Oxygen, Cerium, Materials Science(all), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, General Materials Science, Ternary operation, CALPHAD, MOX fuel, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

A thermodynamic assessment of the U–Ce–O system was performed by combining the existing Calphad assessments of the U–O and Ce–O binaries. A compound energy formalism representation for the fluorite U1−yCeyO2±x and a partially ionic two-sublattice liquid model for U–Ce–O melt were developed to describe the ternary solutions. Oxygen potentials for U1−yCeyO2±x for 0.05, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.50 Ce metal fractions were measured from thermogravimetric analysis and used, along with other thermodynamic data reported in the literature, to optimize the adjustable parameters of the models for U1−yCeyO2±x and the U–Ce–O ternary liquid. In addition, the thermochemical behavior of U1−yCeyO2±x and U1−yPuyO2±x was compared in order to assess the suitability of using Ce as a surrogate for Pu in MOX fuel.

Published
2015

28. High-pressure structural behavior and elastic properties of U3Si5: A combined synchrotron XRD and DFT study

Author

Tashiema Ulrich, Enrique R. Batista, Gaoxue Wang, Jason Baker, J.T. White, Hongwu Xu, Changyong Park, Ping Yang, and Robert Roback

Subjects
Diffraction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Bulk modulus, Materials science, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Diamond anvil cell, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Compressibility, General Materials Science, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy
Abstract

We present an integrated experimental and theoretical study of the structural behavior of U3Si5 at high-pressure conditions using angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On increasing pressure, the ambient hexagonal structure of U3Si5 with space group P6/mmm remains stable up to 16.7 GPa, the maximum pressure tested with DAC. The bulk modulus and the a- and c-axial moduli of U3Si5 were experimentally determined to be 126 ± 4 GPa, 173 ± 8 GPa and 79.7 ± 4.3 GPa, respectively. Thus an anisotropy in the axial compressibility of U3Si5 is observed with its c-axis being more compressible than the a-axis. Our DFT calculation results are in general agreement with the experimental values, including reproducing the compressibility anisotropy. A comparison of the bulk modulus of U3Si5 to those of other U–Si compounds reveals a general trend that the bulk modulus of U–Si decreases with increasing U/(U + Si) ratio.

Published
2020

29. Elastic moduli of high-density, sintered monoliths of yttrium dihydride

Author

Dasari V. Rao, Tarik A. Saleh, Vedant Mehta, Michael W.D. Cooper, Erik P. Luther, Aditya Shivprasad, Joseph R. Wermer, J.T. White, and David Frazer

Subjects
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, Materials science, Hydrogen, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Yttrium, Nanoindentation, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Powder metallurgy, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Material properties, Elastic modulus, Single crystal
Abstract

Yttrium dihydride has been considered as potential nuclear reactor moderator for micro-reactors operating in the thermal energy spectrum due to their ability to retain hydrogen to high temperatures while having a relatively low impact on neutron economy. Despite these advantages, it is difficult to prepare yttrium dihydride in high-density, near net-shape monoliths for moderator applications due to volume expansion upon hydriding and the pyrophoric nature of the material. In this work, high-density monoliths of yttrium dihydride were prepared by direct hydriding and using powder metallurgical methods. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was used to measure the elastic moduli of the sintered monoliths, while nanoindentation was used to determine the Young’s modulus and hardness of the directly-hydrided yttrium and the sintered monoliths. Single crystal elastic constants and related properties of yttrium dihydride were also determined using density functional theory (DFT) for comparison. Mechanical properties of materials produced by both methods were observed to be consistent with the values from literature for yttrium dihydride. Due to the novelty of producing yttrium dihydride by powder metallurgy, this result indicated that the monoliths produced by powder metallurgy were of high quality. To that end, powder metallurgy is believed to be a viable method for large-scale production of yttrium dihydride monoliths for nuclear reactor moderator applications.

Published
2020

30. Thermophysical and mechanical property assessment of UB2 and UB4 sintered via spark plasma sintering

Author

Jie Lian, Tiankai Yao, Bowen Gong, Darrin D. Byler, Tarik A. Saleh, Aditya Shivprasad, E. Kardoulaki, David Frazer, J.T. White, and Kenneth J. McClellan

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, Spark plasma sintering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Nanoindentation, Uranium, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Thermal expansion, 0104 chemical sciences, Thermal conductivity, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Impurity, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Uranium diboride (UB2) and uranium tetraboride (UB4) are candidate constituents for multi-phase accident tolerant fuel due to their anticipated high thermal conductivity. These fuels have high uranium density that contributes to fission, and by tailoring the ratio of 10B/11B, can also act as an integrated burnable poison. Understanding the thermophysical and mechanical properties of uranium borides, for which only limited data are available in the literature, is of importance to determine their accident tolerance. In this work UB2 and UB4 have been synthesized via arc melting and sintered to high densities via spark plasma sintering (SPS). High density samples, >90% theoretical density, were used to measure the thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of UB2 and UB4 and, in conjunction with specific heat literature data, their thermal conductivities were calculated from 298 to 1773 K. Additionally, resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) and nanoindentation were performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the uranium borides. Our results are discussed in the context of available literature. Both UB2 and UB4 exhibit thermal conductivities higher than that of UO2, with UB2 having the highest. The thermal conductivity of UB2 increases with temperature above 874 K, while for UB4 there is a linear increase over the entire measured range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that impurity phases were present in the fabricated materials, which could explain why literature density functional theory (DFT) results predict higher values. This suggests that if impurity phases or any microstructural defects can be eliminated then the thermal conductivity can be further increased.

Published
2020

31. Initial results on energy resolution of the NEXT-White detector

Author

L. Labarga, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, N. Yahlali, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, F. Ballester, G. Martínez-Lema, Romain Esteve, S. Cebrián, Jose Repond, R. C. Webb, Sandra K. Johnston, Paola Ferrario, L. Rogers, J.V. Carrión, R. Guenette, N. López-March, M. Losada, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, C. Sofka, P. Lebrun, R.D.P. Mano, A. Martínez, F.P. Santos, Jose A. Rodriguez, Kevin Bailey, A.D. McDonald, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, M. Kekic, J.A. Hernando Morata, C. Romo-Luque, C.M.B. Monteiro, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, J. Muñoz Vidal, Víctor H. Alvarez, A.I. Hernandez, F. Psihas, Diego González-Díaz, A. Laing, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, B. Palmeiro, Lior Arazi, C.A.O. Henriques, R. Felkai, C.D.R. Azevedo, M. Diesburg, F.I.G.M. Borges, A. Botas, S. Riordan, A. Para, J. Escada, M. Sorel, L.M.P. Fernandes, F. Monrabal, D.R. Nygren, A.L. Ferreira, K. Hafidi, V. Herrero, M. Nebot-Guinot, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, J.M.F. dos Santos, C.A.N. Conde, Javier Pérez, A. Simón, J. Renner, M. Musti, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, J. Torrent, J. Generowicz, Roberto Gutiérrez, M. Querol, C. Adams, A.F.M. Fernandes, and J.T. White

Subjects
High energy, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chambers, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Xenon, Optics, Engineering, Affordable and Clean Energy, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Large detector-systems performance, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Linearity, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Double-beta decay detectors, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Full width at half maximum, chemistry, High pressure, Physical Sciences, Analysis and statistical methods, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

One of the major goals of the NEXT-White (NEW) detector is to demonstrate the energy resolution that an electroluminescent high pressure xenon TPC can achieve for high energy tracks. For this purpose, energy calibrations with 137Cs and 232Th sources have been carried out as a part of the long run taken with the detector during most of 2017. This paper describes the initial results obtained with those calibrations, showing excellent linearity and an energy resolution that extrapolates to approximately 1% FWHM at Q$_{\beta\beta}$., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in JINST

Published
2018

32. Measurement of radon-induced backgrounds in the NEXT double beta decay experiment

Author

G. Martínez-Lema, Javier Pérez, R. Guenette, J.F. Toledo, F. Monrabal, M. Diesburg, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, J. Escada, A. Para, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, A. Martínez, M. Nebot-Guinot, C.D.R. Azevedo, L. Labarga, F. Ballester, Paola Ferrario, M. Losada, Sandra K. Johnston, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, N. López-March, J. Torrent, F.P. Santos, C. Romo-Luque, J.M.F. dos Santos, K. Bailey, S. Riordan, F.I.G.M. Borges, R.D.P. Mano, A.D. McDonald, D.R. Nygren, J.A. Hernando Morata, J.T. White, Vicente Herrero, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, A. Botas, A. Laing, J. Generowicz, F. Psihas, C. Sofka, J. Martíın-Albo, C.A.N. Conde, L. Ripoll, C. Adams, B. J. P. Jones, A. Simón, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, F.J. Mora, A.F.M. Fernandes, M. Musti, Víctor H. Alvarez, T.M. Stiegler, D. González-Díaz, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, C.M.B. Monteiro, Lior Arazi, Roberto Gutiérrez, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, Javier Rodríguez, L.M.P. Fernandes, C.A.O. Henriques, R. Felkai, K. Hafidi, Jose Repond, L. Rogers, J.V. Carrión, M. Querol, J. Muñoz Vidal, S. Cebrián, R. C. Webb, M. Kekic, N. Yahlali, Romain Esteve, B. Palmeiro, A.I. Hernandez, J. Renner, G. Zuzel, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Mathematical Sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Ion, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Cathode, Doble desintegració beta, chemistry, Physical Sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, Física nuclear
Abstract

The measurement of the internal $^{222}$Rn activity in the NEXT-White detector during the so-called Run-II period with $^{136}$Xe-depleted xenon is discussed in detail, together with its implications for double beta decay searches in NEXT. The activity is measured through the alpha production rate induced in the fiducial volume by $^{222}$Rn and its alpha-emitting progeny. The specific activity is measured to be $(38.1\pm 2.2~\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm 5.9~\mathrm{(syst.)})$~mBq/m$^3$. Radon-induced electrons have also been characterized from the decay of the $^{214}$Bi daughter ions plating out on the cathode of the time projection chamber. From our studies, we conclude that radon-induced backgrounds are sufficiently low to enable a successful NEXT-100 physics program, as the projected rate contribution should not exceed 0.1~counts/yr in the neutrinoless double beta decay sample., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables. Version accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2018

33. Electron drift properties in high pressure gaseous xenon

Author

G. Martínez-Lema, C.D.R. Azevedo, Jose Repond, J.V. Carrión, L. Ripoll, M. Kekic, M. Diesburg, J. Escada, Vicente Herrero, B. J. P. Jones, D.R. Nygren, L.M.P. Fernandes, Víctor H. Alvarez, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, L. Labarga, F. Monrabal, Roberto Gutiérrez, N. Yahlali, F. Ballester, Paola Ferrario, R. Guenette, Romain Esteve, J. Muñoz Vidal, M. Querol, M. Losada, N. López-March, Javier Rodríguez, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, B. Palmeiro, Javier Pérez, K. Hafidi, A. Para, D. González-Díaz, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, S. Cebrián, J.M.F. dos Santos, A. Martínez, M. Sorel, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, A.L. Ferreira, C. Romo-Luque, L. Rogers, R. C. Webb, J. Torrent, J. Generowicz, J.A. Hernando Morata, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Bailey, C. Adams, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, M. Musti, F.P. Santos, R. Felkai, F.I.G.M. Borges, Lior Arazi, C.M.B. Monteiro, C. Sofka, S. Riordan, C.A.O. Henriques, A. Botas, A. Laing, J.T. White, Sandra K. Johnston, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, A.D. McDonald, A.I. Hernandez, and J. Renner

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Charge transport, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Electron drift, High Energy Physics - Experiment, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Political science, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, media_common, Charge transport and multiplication in gas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, European research, Multiplication and electroluminescence in rare gases and liquids, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Double-beta decay detectors, Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors, High pressure, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

[EN] Gaseous time projection chambers (TPC) are a very attractive detector technology for particle tracking. Characterization of both drift velocity and di¿usion is of great importance to correctly assess their tracking capabilities. NEXT-White is a High Pressure Xenon gas TPC with electroluminescent ampli¿cation, a 1:2 scale model of the future NEXT-100detector, which will be dedicated to neutrinoless double beta decay searches. NEXT-White has been operating at Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) since December2016. The drift parameters have been measured using 83mKr for a range of reduced drift ¿elds at two di¿erent pressure regimes, namely 7.2 bar and 9.1 bar. Theresults have been compared with Magboltz simulations. Agreement at the 5% level or better has been found for drift velocity, longitudinal di¿usion and transverse di¿usion., The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398 and the Maria de Maetzu Program MDM-2016-0692; the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT and FEDER through the program COMPETE, projects PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and UID/FIS/04559/2013; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and de-sc0017721 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. We also warmly acknowledge the Laboratorio Nazionale di Gran Sasso (LNGS) and the Dark Side collaboration for their help with TPB coating of various parts of the NEXT-White TPC. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.

Published
2018
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34. Calibration of the NEXT-White detector using 83m Kr decays

Author

N. Yahlali, R. Felkai, C.D.R. Azevedo, Sandra K. Johnston, J. Renner, D. González-Díaz, Romain Esteve, A. Botas, C. Adams, A.F.M. Fernandes, J.T. White, J. Generowicz, M. Querol, S. Riordan, R. Guenette, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, J. Torrent, Roberto Gutiérrez, P. Lebrun, A.D. McDonald, A. Martínez, C. Sofka, C.A.N. Conde, C.M.B. Monteiro, L.M.P. Fernandes, A. Simón, K. Bailey, A. Goldschmidt, J. Muñoz Vidal, J. Rodríguez, A. Para, J. Hauptman, Víctor H. Alvarez, C. Romo-Luque, M. Sorel, V. Herrero, F.P. Santos, A.L. Ferreira, B. Palmeiro, D.R. Nygren, M. Kekic, F.J. Mora, M. Diesburg, F. Monrabal, F.I.G.M. Borges, T.M. Stiegler, J. Escada, G. Martínez-Lema, J. Pérez, C.A.O. Henriques, J. V. Carrión, L. Rogers, S. Cebrián, R. C. Webb, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, K. Hafidi, M. Nebot-Guinot, Jose Repond, F. Ballester, M. Musti, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J.M.F. dos Santos, L. Ripoll, B. J. P. Jones, L. Labarga, M. Losada, N. López-March, R.D.P. Mano, J.A. Hernando Morata, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, A. Laing, Lior Arazi, Paola Ferrario, and A.I. Hernandez

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Krypton, Detector, Solid angle, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The NEXT-White (NEW) detector is currently the largest radio-pure high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber with electroluminescent readout in the world. It has been operating at Laboratorio Subterr'aneo de Canfranc (LSC) since October 2016. This paper describes the calibrations performed using 83mKr decays during a long run taken from March to November 2017 (Run II). Krypton calibrations are used to correct for the finite drift-electron lifetime as well as for the dependence of the measured energy on the event transverse position which is caused by variations in solid angle coverage both for direct and reflected light and edge effects. After producing calibration maps to correct for both effects we measure an excellent energy resolution for 41.5 keV point-like deposits of (4.553 ± 0.010 (stat) ± 0.324 (sys))% FWHM in the full chamber and (3.804 ± 0.013 (stat) ± 0.112 (sys))% FWHM in a restricted fiducial volume. Using naive 1/E scaling, these values translate into resolutions of (0.5916 ± 0.0014 (stat) ± 0.0421 (sys))% FWHM and (0.4943 ± 0.0017 (stat) ± 0.0146 (sys))% FWHM at the Qββ energy of xenon double beta decay (2458 keV), well within range of our target value of 1%.

Published
2018
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35. Thermophysical properties of U3Si5 to 1773 K

Author

Darrin D. Byler, J.T. Dunwoody, Kenneth J. McClellan, D. J. Safarik, Andrew T. Nelson, and J.T. White

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, Uranium, Thermal diffusivity, Heat capacity, Thermal expansion, Thermal conductivity, Materials Science(all), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Impurity, Phase (matter), General Materials Science, Phase diagram
Abstract

Possible use of U 3 Si 5 as a nuclear reactor fuel requires knowledge of its thermophysical properties as a function of temperature. While limited data is available for U–Si compounds containing higher uranium densities, no investigations of U 3 Si 5 have been presented in the literature to date. High purity U 3 Si 5 was fabricated to facilitate a set of experiments to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity from room temperature to 1773 K. Each measurement on nearly stoichiometric U 3 Si 5 showed the existence of a phase transformation at 723 K, which is not consistent with the most recently published phase diagram.

Published
2015

36. Radiopurity assessment of the energy readout for the NEXT double beta decay experiment

Author

J. Martin-Albo, F. Monrabal, B. Palmeiro, D. González-Díaz, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, L.M.P. Fernandes, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, I. C. Bandac, C.A.O. Henriques, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, M. Musti, A. Botas, A.D. McDonald, J.F.C.A. Veloso, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, R. Felkai, E.D.C. Freitas, L.M. Moutinho, J. Torrent, N. Yahlali, A.I. Hernandez, J.M.F. dos Santos, S. Cebrián, F.I.G.M. Borges, M. Querol, Javier Pérez, A. Para, R. C. Webb, Romain Esteve, J. Muñoz Vidal, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, Z. Tsamalaidze, A. Laing, F.J. Mora, T.M. Stiegler, M. Nebot-Guinot, D.R. Nygren, Roberto Gutiérrez, S. Cárcel, I. Liubarsky, P. Lebrun, p J. F. Toledo, A. Martínez, G. Martínez-Lema, J. Renner, C. Sofka, F.P. Santos, Paola Ferrario, o J. Rodríguez, M. Losada, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, N. López-March, L. Rogers, Vicente Herrero, C.M.B. Monteiro, J.A. Hernando Morata, L. Ripoll, L. Labarga, B. J. P. Jones, M. Diesburg, J. Escada, J.T. White, C.D.R. Azevedo, José Villar, J.V. Carrión, and Víctor H. Alvarez

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chambers, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPG, HgI etc), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Double-beta decay detectors, chemistry, Search for radioactive and fissile materials, Neutrino, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

[EN] The "Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time-Projection Chamber" (NEXT) experiment intends to investigate the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe, and therefore requires a severe suppression of potential backgrounds. An extensive material screening and selection process was undertaken to quantify the radioactivity of the materials used in the experiment. Separate energy and tracking readout planes using different sensors allow us to combine the measurement of the topological signature of the event for background discrimination with the energy resolution optimization. The design of radiopure readout planes, in direct contact with the gas detector medium, was especially challenging since the required components typically have activities too large for experiments demanding ultra-low background conditions. After studying the tracking plane, here the radiopurity control of the energy plane is presented, mainly based on gamma-ray spectroscopy using ultra-low background germanium detectors at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (Spain). All the available units of the selected model of photomultiplier have been screened together with most of the components for the bases, enclosures and windows. According to these results for the activity of the relevant radioisotopes, the selected components of the energy plane would give a contribution to the overall background level in the region of interest of at most 2.4 × 10¿4 counts per keV, kg and year, satisfying the sensitivity requirements of the NEXT experiment., Special thanks are due to LSC directorate and staff for their strong support for performing the measurements at the LSC Radiopurity Service. We are really grateful to Grzegorz Zuzel for the radon emanation measurements. The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04 and the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398; the GVA of Spain under grant PROMETEO/2016/120; the Portuguese FCT and FEDER through the program COMPETE, project PTDC/FIS/103860/2008; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) and DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A & and the University of Texas at Arlington.

Published
2017

37. Microscopic simulation of xenon-based optical TPCs in the presence of molecular additives

Author

J. Muñoz Vidal, Roberto Gutiérrez, I. Liubarsky, L.M.P. Fernandes, N. Yahlali, J.V. Carrión, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, L. Ripoll, A. Para, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, B. J. P. Jones, A. Goldschmidt, Romain Esteve, J. Martin-Albo, J. Hauptman, M. Nebot-Guinot, C.D.R. Azevedo, A.D. McDonald, S. Biagi, Javier Rodríguez, F. Monrabal, D. Shuman, L.M. Moutinho, Luis M. Serra, J. Torrent, Carlos R. Oliveira, B. Palmeiro, J Pérez, N. López-March, L. Rogers, C. Sofka, C.M.B. Monteiro, Diego González-Díaz, J.A. Hernando Morata, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, C.A.O. Henriques, A.I. Hernandez, J.M.F. dos Santos, J.T. White, F.P. Santos, V. Herrero, J. S. Díaz, L. Labarga, S. Cebrián, R. Felkai, P. Novella, R. C. Webb, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J. Renner, F.I.G.M. Borges, F.J. Mora, Víctor H. Alvarez, T.M. Stiegler, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, A. Botas, M. Diesburg, J. Escada, A. Laing, Paola Ferrario, M. Losada, D.R. Nygren, G. Martínez-Lema, Z. Tsamalaidze, M. Querol, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, M. Musti, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi/Fizik Bölümü., and Biagi, Stephen F.

Subjects
Xenon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear science & technology, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Electron cooling, Electron, Microscopic simulation, Rate constans, 01 natural sciences, Optical TPCs, Molecular additives, Radiative transfer, Physics, nuclear, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Xenon scintillation, Scintillation, Detectors de radiació, Physics, Quenching, Range (particle radiation), Gaseous electronics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear physics -- Instruments, Cascade, Nuclear counters, Gas, Excited state, Collisional deactivation, Physics, particles & fields, Atomic physics, Instruments & instrumentation, Secondary scintillation yield, Electronic cooling, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Atoms, Reaction rates, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Física nuclear -- Instruments, Electrons, Molecular quenchers, Energy-transfer, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, Emission, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Resonance radiation, Argon, 010306 general physics, High-pressure xenon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Beta Decay, Molecules, High pressure, chemistry, Electroluminescence
Abstract

[EN] We introduce a simulation framework for the transport of high and low energy electrons in xenon-based optical time projection chambers (OTPCs). The simulation relies on elementary cross sections (electron-atom and electron-molecule) and incorporates, in order to compute the gas scintillation, the reaction/quenching rates (atom-atom and atom-molecule) of the first 41 excited states of xenon and the relevant associated excimers, together with their radiative cascade. The results compare positively with observations made in pure xenon and its mixtures with CO2 and CF4 in a range of pressures from 0.1 to 10 bar. This work sheds some light on the elementary processes responsible for the primary and secondary xenon-scintillation mechanisms in the presence of additives, that are of interest to the OTPC technology., DGD is supported by the Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. The authors want to acknowledge the RD51 collaboration for encouragement and support during the elaboration of this work, and in particular discussions with F. Resnati, A. Milov, V. Peskov, M. Suzuki and A. F. Borghesani. The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04 and the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398; the GVA of Spain under grant PROM-ETEO/2016/120; the Portuguese FCT and FEDER through the program COMPETE, project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and UID/FIS/04559/2013; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) and DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A& and the University of Texas at Arlington.

Published
2017

38. Secondary scintillation yield of xenon with sub-percent levels of CO2 additive for rare-event detection

Author

A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, J.T. White, F.P. Santos, M. Querol, C.A.N. Conde, A. Simón, C.M.B. Monteiro, Diego González-Díaz, D.R. Nygren, M. Musti, J. S. Díaz, P. Novella, J. Martín-Albo, N. Yahlali, F.I.G.M. Borges, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, Javier Rodríguez, C.A.O. Henriques, Romain Esteve, G. Martínez-Lema, A. Para, N. López-March, R. Felkai, L. Rogers, L. Ripoll, Javier Pérez, B. J. P. Jones, B. Palmeiro, M. R. Jorge, J.V. Carrión, A. Botas, F. Monrabal, M. Sorel, A.L. Ferreira, A.D. McDonald, V. Herrero, M. Nebot-Guinot, R.D.P. Mano, J. Muñoz Vidal, Roberto Gutiérrez, C.D.R. Azevedo, I. Liubarsky, L.M. Moutinho, J. Torrent, J.A. Hernando Morata, F.J. Mora, J.M.F. dos Santos, J.F. Toledo, T.M. Stiegler, S. Cárcel, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, P. Lebrun, A. Martínez, C. Sofka, A.I. Hernandez, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, S. Cebrián, R. C. Webb, M. Diesburg, L. Labarga, Víctor H. Alvarez, A. Laing, M. Losada, J. Renner, Paola Ferrario, Z. Tsamalaidze, and L.M.P. Fernandes

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fano factor, Ionization, Xenon, Ionització, Electron capture, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, Secondary scintillation, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Rare event detection, Molecular, Double beta decay, Nuclear & Particles Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry, Electroluminescence, Yield (chemistry), Radioactive decay, Astronomical and Space Sciences, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

[EN] Xe-CO2 mixtures are important alternatives to pure xenon in Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification with applications in the important field of rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The addition of CO2 to pure xenon at the level of 0.05-0.1% can reduce significantly the scale of electron diffusion from 10 mm/root m to 2.5 mm/root m, with high impact on the discrimination of the events through pattern recognition of the topology of primary ionization trails. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe-CO2 mixtures, with sub-percent CO2 concentrations. We demonstrate that the EL production is still high in these mixtures, 70% and 35% relative to that produced in pure xenon, for CO2 concentrations around 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively. The contribution of the statistical fluctuations in EL production to the energy resolution increases with increasing CO2 concentration, being smaller than the contribution of the Fano factor for concentrations below 0.1% CO2. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V., The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04 and the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398; the GVA of Spain under grant PROMETEO/2016/120; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014; the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) and DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A & the University of Texas at Arlington. C.A.O.H., E.D.C.F., C.M.B.M. and C.D.R.A. acknowledge FCT under grants PD/BD/105921/2014, SFRH/BPD/109180/2015, SFRH/BPD/76842/2011 and SFRH/BPD/79163/2011, respectively.

Published
2017

39. Differential cross section for w boson production as a function of transverse momentum in p p̄ collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV

Author

V.M Abazov, B Abbott, A Abdesselam, M Abolins, V Abramov, B.S Acharya, D.L Adams, M Adams, S.N Ahmed, G.D Alexeev, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, M.M Baarmand, V.V Babintsev, L Babukhadia, T.C Bacon, A Baden, B Baldin, P.W Balm, S Banerjee, E Barberis, P Baringer, J Barreto, J.F Bartlett, U Bassler, D Bauer, A Bean, M Begel, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, G Bernardi, I Bertram, A Besson, R Beuselinck, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, G Blazey, S Blessing, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, K Bos, A Brandt, R Breedon, G Briskin, R Brock, G Brooijmans, A Bross, D Buchholz, M Buehler, V Buescher, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, F Canelli, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, K.M Chan, S.V Chekulaev, D.K Cho, S Choi, S Chopra, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, J Cochran, L Coney, B Connolly, W.E Cooper, D Coppage, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, G.A Davis, K Davis, K De, S.J de Jong, K Del Signore, M Demarteau, R Demina, P Demine, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, S Desai, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, G Di Loreto, S Doulas, P Draper, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S Duensing, L Duflot, S.R Dugad, A Dyshkant, D Edmunds, J Ellison, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, J Estrada, H Evans, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, F Filthaut, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, F Fleuret, M Fortner, K.C Frame, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, M Gao, V Gavrilov, R.J Genik II, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, R Gilmartin, G Ginther, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L González Solı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, G Graham, P.D Grannis, J.A Green, H Greenlee, S Grinstein, L Groer, S Grünendahl, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, C Hays, C Hebert, D Hedin, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, T Heuring, M.D Hildreth, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, Y Huang, R Illingworth, A.S Ito, M Jaffré, S Jain, R Jesik, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, M Jones, H Jöstlein, A Juste, S Kahn, E Kajfasz, A.M Kalinin, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, R Kehoe, A Kharchilava, S.K Kim, B Klima, B Knuteson, W Ko, J.M Kohli, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, A.V Kotwal, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, P Krivkova, S Krzywdzinski, M Kubantsev, S Kuleshov, Y Kulik, S Kunori, A Kupco, V.E Kuznetsov, G Landsberg, A Leflat, C Leggett, F Lehner, J Li, Q.Z Li, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, A Lucotte, L Lueking, C Lundstedt, C Luo, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, V.L Malyshev, V Manankov, H.S Mao, T Marshall, M.I Martin, R.D Martin, K.M Mauritz, B May, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, J McDonald, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, C Miao, H Miettinen, D Mihalcea, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, R.W Moore, M Mostafa, H da Motta, E Nagy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, S Negroni, T Nunnemann, D O'Neil, V Oguri, B Olivier, N Oshima, P Padley, L.J Pan, K Papageorgiou, A Para, N Parashar, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, A Patwa, B Pawlik, J Perkins, M Peters, O Peters, P Pétroff, R Piegaia, H Piekarz, B.G Pope, E Popkov, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, J Qian, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, E Ramberg, P.A Rapidis, N.W Reay, S Reucroft, J Rha, M Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, T Rockwell, M Roco, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, B.M Sabirov, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, A Schwartzman, N Sen, E Shabalina, R.K Shivpuri, D Shpakov, M Shupe, R.A Sidwell, V Simak, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, P Slattery, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, V Sorı́n, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, K Soustruznik, M Souza, N.R Stanton, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, D.A Stoyanova, M Strauss, M Strovink, L Stutte, A Sznajder, W Taylor, S Tentindo-Repond, S.M Tripathi, T.G Trippe, A.S Turcot, P.M Tuts, P van Gemmeren, V Vaniev, R Van Kooten, N Varelas, L.S Vertogradov, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, H Wang, Z.-M Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, D Whiteson, J.A Wightman, D.A Wijngaarden, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J Womersley, D.R Wood, R Yamada, P Yamin, T Yasuda, Y.A Yatsunenko, K Yip, S Youssef, J Yu, Z Yu, M Zanabria, H Zheng, Z Zhou, M Zielinski, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, V Zutshi, E.G Zverev, and A Zylberstejn

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Tevatron, D0 experiment, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider
Abstract

We report a measurement of the differential cross section for W boson production as a function of its transverse momentum in proton-antiproton collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV. The data were collected by the DØ experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider during 1994-1995 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 85 pb-1. The results are in good agreement with quantum chromodynamics over the entire range of transverse momentum. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

Published
2016

40. Probing hard color-singlet exchange in pp̄ collisions at √s = 630 GeV and 1800 GeV

Author

B Abbott, M Abolins, V Abramov, B.S Acharya, I Adam, D.L Adams, M Adams, S Ahn, H Aihara, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, R Astur, M.M Baarmand, V.V Babintsev, L Babukhadia, A Baden, B Baldin, S Banerjee, J Bantly, E Barberis, P Baringer, J.F Bartlett, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, I Bertram, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, N Biswas, G Blazey, S Blessing, P Bloom, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, C Boswell, A Brandt, R Breedon, R Brock, A Bross, D Buchholz, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, S.-M Chang, S.V Chekulaev, W Chen, S Choi, S Chopra, B.C Choudhary, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, W.G Cobau, J Cochran, L Coney, W.E Cooper, C Cretsinger, D Cullen-Vidal, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, O.I Dahl, K Davis, K De, K Del Signore, M Demarteau, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, G Di Loreto, P Draper, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S.R Dugad, A Dyshkant, D Edmunds, J Ellison, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, M.K Fatyga, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, G Finocchiaro, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, G.E Forden, M Fortner, K.C Frame, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, P Gartung, V Gavrilov, T.L Geld, R.J Genik II, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, B Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L González Solı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, P.D Grannis, D.R Green, H Greenlee, S Grinstein, P Grudberg, S Grünendahl, G Guglielmo, J.A Guida, J.M Guida, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, K.S Hahn, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, D Hedin, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, R Hernández-Montoya, T Heuring, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, J.S Hoftun, F Hsieh, Ting Hu, Tong Hu, A.S Ito, E James, J Jaques, S.A Jerger, R Jesik, T Joffe-Minor, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, M Jones, H Jöstlein, S.Y Jun, C.K Jung, S Kahn, G Kalbfleisch, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, R Kehoe, M.L Kelly, S.K Kim, B Klima, C Klopfenstein, W Ko, J.M Kohli, D Koltick, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, A.V Kotwal, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, S Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, Y Kulik, S Kunori, F Landry, G Landsberg, B Lauer, A Leflat, J Li, Q.Z Li-Demarteau, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, F Lobkowicz, S.C Loken, A Lucotte, L Lueking, A.L Lyon, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, R Madden, L Magaña-Mendoza, V Manankov, S Mani, H.S Mao, R Markeloff, T Marshall, M.I Martin, K.M Mauritz, B May, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, J McDonald, T McKibben, J McKinley, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, C Miao, H Miettinen, A Mincer, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, P Mooney, M Mostafa, H da Motta, C Murphy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, A Narayanan, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, P Nemethy, D Norman, L Oesch, V Oguri, E Oliveira, E Oltman, N Oshima, D Owen, P Padley, A Para, Y.M Park, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, B Pawlik, J Perkins, M Peters, R Piegaia, H Piekarz, Y Pischalnikov, B.G Pope, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, J Qian, P.Z Quintas, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, O Ramirez, S Reucroft, M Rijssenbeek, T Rockwell, M Roco, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, A Sánchez-Hernández, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, J Sculli, E Shabalina, C Shaffer, H.C Shankar, R.K Shivpuri, D Shpakov, M Shupe, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, M Souza, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, M.L Stevenson, D Stewart, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, D.A Stoyanova, M Strauss, K Streets, M Strovink, A Sznajder, P Tamburello, J Tarazi, M Tartaglia, T.L.T Thomas, J Thompson, T.G Trippe, P.M Tuts, V Vaniev, N Varelas, E.W Varnes, D Vititoe, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, G Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, J.A Wightman, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J.V.D Wirjawan, J Womersley, E Won, D.R Wood, Z Wu, R Yamada, P Yamin, T Yasuda, P Yepes, K Yip, C Yoshikawa, S Youssef, J Yu, Y Yu, B Zhang, Y Zhou, Z Zhou, Z.H Zhu, M Zielinski, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, E.G Zverev, and A Zylberstejn

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Transverse plane, Particle physics, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Singlet state, Jet (particle physics), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present results on dijet production via hard color-singlet exchange in proton-antiproton collisions at √s = 630 GeV and 1800 GeV using the DØ detector. The fraction of dijet events produced via color-singlet exchange is measured as a function of jet transverse energy, separation in pseudorapidity between the two highest transverse energy jets, and proton-antiproton center-of-mass energy. The results are consistent with a color-singlet fraction that increases with an increasing fraction of quark-initiated processes and inconsistent with two-gluon models for the hard color-singlet. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

41. Determination of the absolute jet energy scale in the DO calorimeters

Author

B Abbott, M Abolins, B.S Acharya, I Adam, D.L Adams, M Adams, S Ahn, H Aihara, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, R Astur, M.M Baarmand, L Babukhadia, A Baden, V Balamurali, J Balderston, B Baldin, S Banerjee, J Bantly, E Barberis, J.F Bartlett, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, I Bertram, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, N Biswas, G Blazey, S Blessing, P Bloom, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, C Boswell, A Brandt, R Brock, A Bross, D Buchholz, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, S.-M Chang, S.V Chekulaev, L.-P Chen, W Chen, S Choi, S Chopra, B.C Choudhary, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, W.G Cobau, J Cochran, L Coney, W.E Cooper, C Cretsinger, D Cullen-Vidal, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, O.I Dahl, K Davis, K De, K.Del Signore, M Demarteau, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, G.Di Loreto, P Draper, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S.R Dugad, D Edmunds, J Ellison, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, M.K Fatyga, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, G Finocchiaro, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, G.E Forden, M Fortner, K.C Frame, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, P Gartung, V Gavrilov, T.L Geld, R.J.Genik II, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, B Gibbard, S Glenn, B Gobbi, A Goldschmidt, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L GonzálezSolı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, P.D Grannis, D.R Green, H Greenlee, S Grinstein, P Grudberg, S Grünendahl, G Guglielmo, J.A Guida, J.M Guida, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, K.S Hahn, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, D Hedin, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, R Hernández-Montoya, T Heuring, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, J.S Hoftun, F Hsieh, Ting Hu, Tong Hu, T Huehn, A.S Ito, E James, J Jaques, S.A Jerger, R Jesik, J.Z.-Y Jiang, T Joffe-Minor, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, M Jones, H Jöstlein, S.Y Jun, C.K Jung, S Kahn, G Kalbfleisch, J.S Kang, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, R Kehoe, M.L Kelly, C.L Kim, S.K Kim, B Klima, C Klopfenstein, J.M Kohli, D Koltick, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, A.V Kotwal, J Kourlas, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, S Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kunori, F Landry, G Landsberg, B Lauer, A Leflat, H Li, J Li, Q.Z Li-Demarteau, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, Y.C Liu, F Lobkowicz, S.C Loken, S Lökös, L Lueking, A.L Lyon, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, R Madden, L Magaña-Mendoza, V Manankov, S Mani, H.S Mao, R Markeloff, T Marshall, M.I Martin, K.M Mauritz, B May, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, J McDonald, T McKibben, J McKinley, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, H Miettinen, A Mincer, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, P Mooney, H da Motta, C Murphy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, A Narayanan, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, P Nemethy, D Norman, L Oesch, V Oguri, E Oliveira, E Oltman, N Oshima, D Owen, P Padley, A Para, Y.M Park, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, B Pawlik, J Perkins, M Peters, R Piegaia, H Piekarz, Y Pischalnikov, B.G Pope, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, J Qian, P.Z Quintas, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, O Ramirez, L Rasmussen, S Reucroft, M Rijssenbeek, T Rockwell, M Roco, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, A Sánchez-Hernández, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, J Sculli, E Shabalina, C Shaffer, H.C Shankar, R.K Shivpuri, M Shupe, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, W Smart, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, M Souza, A.L Spadafora, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, M.L Stevenson, D Stewart, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, D.A Stoyanova, M Strauss, K Streets, M Strovink, A Sznajder, P Tamburello, J Tarazi, M Tartaglia, T.L.T Thomas, J Thompson, T.G Trippe, P.M Tuts, N Varelas, E.W Varnes, D Vititoe, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, G Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, J.A Wightman, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J.V.D Wirjawan, J Womersley, E Won, D.R Wood, H Xu, R Yamada, P Yamin, J Yang, T Yasuda, P Yepes, C Yoshikawa, S Youssef, J Yu, Y Yu, Z Zhou, Z.H Zhu, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, E.G Zverev, and A Zylberstejn

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Tevatron, FOS: Physical sciences, Jet (particle physics), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Calorimeter, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

The DZERO detector is used to study proton-antiproton collisions at the 1800 GeV and 630 GeV center-of-mass energies available at the Fermilab Tevatron. To measure jets, the detector uses a sampling calorimeter composed of uranium and liquid argon as the passive and active media respectively. Understanding the jet energy calibration is not only crucial for precision tests of QCD, but also for the measurement of particle masses and the determination of physics backgrounds associated with new phenomena. This paper describes the energy calibration of jets observed with the DZERO detector at the two proton-antiproton center-of-mass energies in the transverse energy and pseudorapidity range ET>8 GeV and pseudorapidity, 94 pages with 52 figures (included in the 94 pages)

Published
2016

42. The inclusive jet cross section in p collisions at =1.8 TeV using the k⊥ algorithm

Author

V.M Abazov, B Abbott, A Abdesselam, M Abolins, V Abramov, B.S Acharya, D.L Adams, M Adams, S.N Ahmed, G.D Alexeev, A Alton, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, Y Arnoud, C Avila, M.M Baarmand, V.V Babintsev, L Babukhadia, T.C Bacon, A Baden, B Baldin, P.W Balm, S Banerjee, E Barberis, P Baringer, J Barreto, J.F Bartlett, U Bassler, D Bauer, A Bean, F Beaudette, M Begel, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, G Bernardi, I Bertram, A Besson, R Beuselinck, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, G Blazey, F Blekman, S Blessing, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, K Bos, T Bose, A Brandt, R Breedon, G Briskin, R Brock, G Brooijmans, A Bross, D Buchholz, M Buehler, V Buescher, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, F Canelli, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, K.M Chan, S.V Chekulaev, D.K Cho, S Choi, S Chopra, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, L Coney, B Connolly, W.E Cooper, D Coppage, S Crépé-Renaudin, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, G.A Davis, K Davis, K De, S.J de Jong, K Del Signore, M Demarteau, R Demina, P Demine, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, S Desai, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, S Doulas, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S Duensing, L Duflot, S.R Dugad, A Duperrin, A Dyshkant, D Edmunds, J Ellison, J.T Eltzroth, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, J Estrada, H Evans, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, F Filthaut, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, F Fleuret, M Fortner, H Fox, K.C Frame, S Fu, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, M Gao, V Gavrilov, R.J Genik, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, R Gilmartin, G Ginther, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L González Solı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, G Graham, P.D Grannis, J.A Green, H Greenlee, Z.D Greenwood, S Grinstein, L Groer, S Grünendahl, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, C Hays, C Hebert, D Hedin, J.M Heinmiller, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, M.D Hildreth, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, Y Huang, I Iashvili, R Illingworth, A.S Ito, M Jaffré, S Jain, R Jesik, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, H Jöstlein, A Juste, W Kahl, S Kahn, E Kajfasz, A.M Kalinin, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, R Kehoe, A Khanov, A Kharchilava, S.K Kim, B Klima, B Knuteson, W Ko, J.M Kohli, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, B Kothari, A.V Kotwal, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, P Krivkova, S Krzywdzinski, M Kubantsev, S Kuleshov, Y Kulik, S Kunori, A Kupco, V.E Kuznetsov, G Landsberg, W.M Lee, A Leflat, C Leggett, F Lehner, C Leonidopoulos, J Li, Q.Z Li, X Li, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, A Lucotte, L Lueking, C Lundstedt, C Luo, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, V.L Malyshev, V Manankov, H.S Mao, T Marshall, M.I Martin, K.M Mauritz, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, C Miao, H Miettinen, D Mihalcea, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, R.W Moore, M Mostafa, H da Motta, E Nagy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, N.A Naumann, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, S Negroni, T Nunnemann, D O'Neil, V Oguri, B Olivier, N Oshima, P Padley, L.J Pan, K Papageorgiou, A Para, N Parashar, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, A Patwa, B Pawlik, J Perkins, O Peters, P Pétroff, R Piegaia, B.G Pope, E Popkov, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, M.B Przybycien, J Qian, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, E Ramberg, P.A Rapidis, N.W Reay, S Reucroft, M Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, F Rizatdinova, T Rockwell, M Roco, C Royon, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, B.M Sabirov, G Sajot, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, A Schwartzman, N Sen, E Shabalina, R.K Shivpuri, D Shpakov, M Shupe, R.A Sidwell, V Simak, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, P Slattery, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, Y Song, V Sorı́n, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, K Soustruznik, M Souza, N.R Stanton, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, A Stone, D.A Stoyanova, M.A Strang, M Strauss, M Strovink, L Stutte, A Sznajder, M Talby, W Taylor, S Tentindo-Repond, S.M Tripathi, T.G Trippe, A.S Turcot, P.M Tuts, V Vaniev, R Van Kooten, N Varelas, L.S Vertogradov, F Villeneuve-Seguier, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, H Wang, Z.-M Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, D Whiteson, D.A Wijngaarden, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J Womersley, D.R Wood, Q Xu, R Yamada, P Yamin, T Yasuda, Y.A Yatsunenko, K Yip, S Youssef, J Yu, Z Yu, M Zanabria, X Zhang, H Zheng, B Zhou, Z Zhou, M Zielinski, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, V Zutshi, E.G Zverev, and A Zylberstejn

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Tevatron, Jet (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Cross section (physics), law, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, Collider, Algorithm
Abstract

The central inclusive jet cross section has been measured using a successive-combination algorithm for reconstruction of jets. The measurement uses 87.3 pb^{-1} of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar Collider during 1994-1995. The cross section, reported as a function of transverse momentum (pT>60 GeV) in the central region of pseudorapidity (|\eta

Published
2002

43. Measurement of the ratio of differential cross sections for W and Z boson production as a function of transverse momentum in p collisions at =1.8 TeV

Author

V.M Abazov, B Abbott, A Abdesselam, M Abolins, V Abramov, B.S Acharya, D.L Adams, M Adams, S.N Ahmed, G.D Alexeev, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, Y Arnoud, M.M Baarmand, V.V Babintsev, L Babukhadia, T.C Bacon, A Baden, B Baldin, P.W Balm, S Banerjee, E Barberis, P Baringer, J Barreto, J.F Bartlett, U Bassler, D Bauer, A Bean, F Beaudette, M Begel, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, G Bernardi, I Bertram, A Besson, R Beuselinck, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, G Blazey, S Blessing, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, K Bos, A Brandt, R Breedon, G Briskin, R Brock, G Brooijmans, A Bross, D Buchholz, M Buehler, V Buescher, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, F Canelli, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, K.M Chan, S.V Chekulaev, D.K Cho, S Choi, S Chopra, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, J Cochran, L Coney, B Connolly, W.E Cooper, D Coppage, S Crépé-Renaudin, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, G.A Davis, K Davis, K De, S.J de Jong, K Del Signore, M Demarteau, R Demina, P Demine, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, S Desai, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, S Doulas, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S Duensing, L Duflot, S.R Dugad, A Duperrin, A Dyshkant, D Edmunds, J Ellison, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, J Estrada, H Evans, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, F Filthaut, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, F Fleuret, M Fortner, H Fox, K.C Frame, S Fu, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, M Gao, V Gavrilov, R.J Genik, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, R Gilmartin, G Ginther, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L González Solı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, G Graham, P.D Grannis, J.A Green, H Greenlee, Z.D Greenwood, S Grinstein, L Groer, S Grünendahl, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, C Hays, C Hebert, D Hedin, J.M Heinmiller, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, T Heuring, M.D Hildreth, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, Y Huang, R Illingworth, A.S Ito, M Jaffré, S Jain, R Jesik, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, M Jones, H Jöstlein, A Juste, W Kahl, S Kahn, E Kajfasz, A.M Kalinin, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, Z Ke, R Kehoe, A Khanov, A Kharchilava, S.K Kim, B Klima, B Knuteson, W Ko, J.M Kohli, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, B Kothari, A.V Kotwal, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, P Krivkova, S Krzywdzinski, M Kubantsev, S Kuleshov, Y Kulik, S Kunori, A Kupco, V.E Kuznetsov, G Landsberg, W.M Lee, A Leflat, C Leggett, F Lehner, J Li, Q.Z Li, X Li, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, A Lucotte, L Lueking, C Lundstedt, C Luo, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, V.L Malyshev, V Manankov, H.S Mao, T Marshall, M.I Martin, K.M Mauritz, B May, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, C Miao, H Miettinen, D Mihalcea, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, R.W Moore, M Mostafa, H da Motta, E Nagy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, S Negroni, T Nunnemann, D O'Neil, V Oguri, B Olivier, N Oshima, P Padley, L.J Pan, K Papageorgiou, A Para, N Parashar, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, A Patwa, B Pawlik, J Perkins, M Peters, O Peters, P Pétroff, R Piegaia, B.G Pope, E Popkov, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, J Qian, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, E Ramberg, P.A Rapidis, N.W Reay, S Reucroft, M Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, F Rizatdinova, T Rockwell, M Roco, C Royon, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, B.M Sabirov, G Sajot, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, A Schwartzman, N Sen, E Shabalina, R.K Shivpuri, D Shpakov, M Shupe, R.A Sidwell, V Simak, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, P Slattery, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, V Sorı́n, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, K Soustruznik, M Souza, N.R Stanton, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, A Stone, D.A Stoyanova, M Strauss, M Strovink, L Stutte, A Sznajder, M Talby, W Taylor, S Tentindo-Repond, S.M Tripathi, T.G Trippe, A.S Turcot, P.M Tuts, V Vaniev, R Van Kooten, N Varelas, L.S Vertogradov, F Villeneuve-Seguier, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, H Wang, Z.-M Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, D Whiteson, J.A Wightman, D.A Wijngaarden, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J Womersley, D.R Wood, Q Xu, R Yamada, P Yamin, T Yasuda, Y.A Yatsunenko, K Yip, S Youssef, J Yu, Z Yu, M Zanabria, X Zhang, H Zheng, B Zhou, Z Zhou, M Zielinski, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, V Zutshi, E.G Zverev, A Zylberstejn, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), D0, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Perturbative QCD, Observable, Function (mathematics), 16. Peace & justice, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Differential (mathematics)
Abstract

We report on a measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections for W and Z boson production as a function of transverse momentum in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. This measurement uses data recorded by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron in 1994-1995. It represents the first investigation of a proposal that ratios between W and Z observables can be calculated reliably using perturbative QCD, even when the individual observables are not. Using the ratio of differential cross sections reduces both experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and can therefore provide smaller overall uncertainties in the measured mass and width of the W boson than current methods used at hadron colliders., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Physics Letters B

Published
2001

44. The b production cross section and angular correlations in p collisions at =

Author

B Abbott, M Abolins, V Abramov, B.S Acharya, D.L Adams, M Adams, V Akimov, G.A Alves, N Amos, E.W Anderson, M.M Baarmand, V.V Babintsev, L Babukhadia, A Baden, B Baldin, S Banerjee, J Bantly, E Barberis, P Baringer, J.F Bartlett, U Bassler, A Bean, A Belyaev, S.B Beri, G Bernardi, I Bertram, V.A Bezzubov, P.C Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, G Blazey, S Blessing, A Boehnlein, N.I Bojko, F Borcherding, A Brandt, R Breedon, G Briskin, R Brock, G Brooijmans, A Bross, D Buchholz, M Buehler, V Buescher, V.S Burtovoi, J.M Butler, F Canelli, W Carvalho, D Casey, Z Casilum, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, K.M Chan, S.V Chekulaev, D.K Cho, S Choi, S Chopra, B.C Choudhary, J.H Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, A.R Clark, J Cochran, L Coney, B Connolly, W.E Cooper, D Coppage, D Cullen-Vidal, M.A.C Cummings, D Cutts, O.I Dahl, K Davis, K De, K Del Signore, M Demarteau, D Denisov, S.P Denisov, H.T Diehl, M Diesburg, G Di Loreto, S Doulas, P Draper, Y Ducros, L.V Dudko, S.R Dugad, A Dyshkant, D Edmunds, J Ellison, V.D Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, O.V Eroshin, J Estrada, H Evans, V.N Evdokimov, T Fahland, S Feher, D Fein, T Ferbel, H.E Fisk, Y Fisyak, E Flattum, F Fleuret, M Fortner, K.C Frame, S Fuess, E Gallas, A.N Galyaev, P Gartung, V Gavrilov, R.J Genik II, K Genser, C.E Gerber, Y Gershtein, B Gibbard, R Gilmartin, G Ginther, B Gómez, G Gómez, P.I Goncharov, J.L González Solı́s, H Gordon, L.T Goss, K Gounder, A Goussiou, N Graf, P.D Grannis, J.A Green, H Greenlee, S Grinstein, P Grudberg, S Grünendahl, G Guglielmo, A Gupta, S.N Gurzhiev, G Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, N.J Hadley, H Haggerty, S Hagopian, V Hagopian, K.S Hahn, R.E Hall, P Hanlet, S Hansen, J.M Hauptman, C Hays, C Hebert, D Hedin, A.P Heinson, U Heintz, T Heuring, R Hirosky, J.D Hobbs, B Hoeneisen, J.S Hoftun, A.S Ito, S.A Jerger, R Jesik, T Joffe-Minor, K Johns, M Johnson, A Jonckheere, M Jones, H Jöstlein, A Juste, S Kahn, E Kajfasz, D Karmanov, D Karmgard, R Kehoe, S.K Kim, B Klima, C Klopfenstein, B Knuteson, W Ko, J.M Kohli, A.V Kostritskiy, J Kotcher, A.V Kotwal, A.V Kozelov, E.A Kozlovsky, J Krane, M.R Krishnaswamy, S Krzywdzinski, M Kubantsev, S Kuleshov, Y Kulik, S Kunori, G Landsberg, A Leflat, F Lehner, J Li, Q.Z Li, J.G.R Lima, D Lincoln, S.L Linn, J Linnemann, R Lipton, J.G Lu, A Lucotte, L Lueking, C Lundstedt, A.K.A Maciel, R.J Madaras, V Manankov, S Mani, H.S Mao, T Marshall, M.I Martin, R.D Martin, K.M Mauritz, B May, A.A Mayorov, R McCarthy, J McDonald, T McMahon, H.L Melanson, X.C Meng, M Merkin, K.W Merritt, C Miao, H Miettinen, D Mihalcea, A Mincer, C.S Mishra, N Mokhov, N.K Mondal, H.E Montgomery, M Mostafa, H da Motta, E Nagy, F Nang, M Narain, V.S Narasimham, H.A Neal, J.P Negret, S Negroni, D Norman, L Oesch, V Oguri, B Olivier, N Oshima, P Padley, L.J Pan, A Para, N Parashar, R Partridge, N Parua, M Paterno, A Patwa, B Pawlik, J Perkins, M Peters, R Piegaia, H Piekarz, B.G Pope, E Popkov, H.B Prosper, S Protopopescu, J Qian, P.Z Quintas, R Raja, S Rajagopalan, N.W Reay, S Reucroft, M Rijssenbeek, T Rockwell, M Roco, P Rubinov, R Ruchti, J Rutherfoord, A Santoro, L Sawyer, R.D Schamberger, H Schellman, A Schwartzman, J Sculli, N Sen, E Shabalina, H.C Shankar, R.K Shivpuri, D Shpakov, M Shupe, R.A Sidwell, V Simak, H Singh, J.B Singh, V Sirotenko, P Slattery, E Smith, R.P Smith, R Snihur, G.R Snow, J Snow, S Snyder, J Solomon, X.F Song, V Sorı́n, M Sosebee, N Sotnikova, K Soustruznik, M Souza, N.R Stanton, G Steinbrück, R.W Stephens, M.L Stevenson, F Stichelbaut, D Stoker, V Stolin, D.A Stoyanova, M Strauss, K Streets, M Strovink, L Stutte, A Sznajder, W Taylor, S Tentindo-Repond, T.L.T Thomas, J Thompson, D Toback, T.G Trippe, A.S Turcot, P.M Tuts, P van Gemmeren, V Vaniev, R Van Kooten, N Varelas, A.A Volkov, A.P Vorobiev, H.D Wahl, H Wang, J Warchol, G Watts, M Wayne, H Weerts, A White, J.T White, D Whiteson, J.A Wightman, S Willis, S.J Wimpenny, J.V.D Wirjawan, J Womersley, D.R Wood, R Yamada, P Yamin, T Yasuda, K Yip, S Youssef, J Yu, Z Yu, M Zanabria, H Zheng, Z Zhou, Z.H Zhu, M Zielinski, D Zieminska, A Zieminski, V Zutshi, E.G Zverev, and A Zylberstejn

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Tevatron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Bottom quark, law.invention, Cross section (physics), law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider
Abstract

We present measurements of the b-bbar production cross section and angular correlations using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p-pbar Collider operating at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. The b quark production cross section for |y(b)| 6 GeV/c is extracted from single muon and dimuon data samples. The results agree in shape with the next-to-leading order QCD calculation of heavy flavor production but are greater than the central values of these predictions. The angular correlations between b and bbar quarks, measured from the azimuthal opening angle between their decay muons, also agree in shape with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction.

Published
2000

45. Search for the decay b→Xμ+μ−

Author

B. Abbott, M. Abolins, B.S. Acharya, I. Adam, D.L. Adams, M. Adams, S. Ahn, H. Aihara, G.A. Alves, N. Amos, E.W. Anderson, R. Astur, M.M. Baarmand, A. Baden, V. Balamurali, J. Balderston, B. Baldin, S. Banerjee, J. Bantly, E. Barberis, J.F. Bartlett, K. Bazizi, A. Belyaev, S.B. Beri, I. Bertram, V.A. Bezzubov, P.C. Bhat, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, N. Biswas, G. Blazey, S. Blessing, P. Bloom, A. Boehnlein, N.I. Bojko, F. Borcherding, C. Boswell, A. Brandt, R. Brock, A. Bross, D. Buchholz, V.S. Burtovoi, J.M. Butler, W. Carvalho, D. Casey, Z. Casilum, H. Castilla-Valdez, D. Chakraborty, S.-M. Chang, S.V. Chekulaev, L.-P. Chen, W. Chen, S. Choi, S. Chopra, B.C. Choudhary, J.H. Christenson, M. Chung, D. Claes, A.R. Clark, W.G. Cobau, J. Cochran, L. Coney, W.E. Cooper, C. Cretsinger, D. Cullen-Vidal, M.A.C. Cummings, D. Cutts, O.I. Dahl, K. Davis, K. De, K. Del Signore, M. Demarteau, D. Denisov, S.P. Denisov, H.T. Diehl, M. Diesburg, G. Di Loreto, P. Draper, Y. Ducros, L.V. Dudko, S.R. Dugad, D. Edmunds, J. Ellison, V.D. Elvira, R. Engelmann, S. Eno, G. Eppley, P. Ermolov, O.V. Eroshin, V.N. Evdokimov, T. Fahland, M.K. Fatyga, S. Feher, D. Fein, T. Ferbel, G. Finocchiaro, H.E. Fisk, Y. Fisyak, E. Flattum, G.E. Forden, M. Fortner, K.C. Frame, S. Fuess, E. Gallas, A.N. Galyaev, P. Gartung, T.L. Geld, R.J. Genik II, K. Genser, C.E. Gerber, B. Gibbard, S. Glenn, B. Gobbi, A. Goldschmidt, B. Gómez, G. Gómez, P.I. Goncharov, J.L. González Solı́s, H. Gordon, L.T. Goss, K. Gounder, A. Goussiou, N. Graf, P.D. Grannis, D.R. Green, H. Greenlee, G. Grim, S. Grinstein, N. Grossman, P. Grudberg, S. Grünendahl, G. Guglielmo, J.A. Guida, J.M. Guida, A. Gupta, S.N. Gurzhiev, P. Gutierrez, Y.E. Gutnikov, N.J. Hadley, H. Haggerty, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.S. Hahn, R.E. Hall, P. Hanlet, S. Hansen, J.M. Hauptman, D. Hedin, A.P. Heinson, U. Heintz, R. Hernández-Montoya, T. Heuring, R. Hirosky, J.D. Hobbs, B. Hoeneisen, J.S. Hoftun, F. Hsieh, Ting Hu, Tong Hu, T. Huehn, A.S. Ito, E. James, J. Jaques, S.A. Jerger, R. Jesik, J.Z.-Y. Jiang, T. Joffe-Minor, K. Johns, M. Johnson, A. Jonckheere, M. Jones, H. Jöstlein, S.Y. Jun, C.K. Jung, S. Kahn, G. Kalbfleisch, J.S. Kang, D. Karmanov, D. Karmgard, R. Kehoe, M.L. Kelly, C.L. Kim, S.K. Kim, A. Klatchko, B. Klima, C. Klopfenstein, V.I. Klyukhin, V.I. Kochetkov, J.M. Kohli, D. Koltick, A.V. Kostritskiy, J. Kotcher, A.V. Kotwal, J. Kourlas, A.V. Kozelov, E.A. Kozlovski, J. Krane, M.R. Krishnaswamy, S. Krzywdzinski, S. Kunori, S. Lami, R. Lander, F. Landry, G. Landsberg, B. Lauer, A. Leflat, H. Li, J. Li, Q.Z. Li-Demarteau, J.G.R. Lima, D. Lincoln, S.L. Linn, J. Linnemann, R. Lipton, Y.C. Liu, F. Lobkowicz, S.C. Loken, S. Lökös, L. Lueking, A.L. Lyon, A.K.A. Maciel, R.J. Madaras, R. Madden, L. Magaña-Mendoza, V. Manankov, S. Mani, H.S. Mao, R. Markeloff, T. Marshall, M.I. Martin, K.M. Mauritz, B. May, A.A. Mayorov, R. McCarthy, J. McDonald, T. McKibben, J. McKinley, T. McMahon, H.L. Melanson, M. Merkin, K.W. Merritt, H. Miettinen, A. Mincer, C.S. Mishra, N. Mokhov, N.K. Mondal, H.E. Montgomery, P. Mooney, H. da Motta, C. Murphy, F. Nang, M. Narain, V.S. Narasimham, A. Narayanan, H.A. Neal, J.P. Negret, P. Nemethy, D. Norman, L. Oesch, V. Oguri, E. Oliveira, E. Oltman, N. Oshima, D. Owen, P. Padley, A. Para, Y.M. Park, R. Partridge, N. Parua, M. Paterno, B. Pawlik, J. Perkins, M. Peters, R. Piegaia, H. Piekarz, Y. Pischalnikov, V.M. Podstavkov, B.G. Pope, H.B. Prosper, S. Protopopescu, J. Qian, P.Z. Quintas, R. Raja, S. Rajagopalan, O. Ramirez, L. Rasmussen, S. Reucroft, M. Rijssenbeek, T. Rockwell, M. Roco, N.A. Roe, P. Rubinov, R. Ruchti, J. Rutherfoord, A. Sánchez-Hernández, A. Santoro, L. Sawyer, R.D. Schamberger, H. Schellman, J. Sculli, E. Shabalina, C. Shaffer, H.C. Shankar, R.K. Shivpuri, M. Shupe, H. Singh, J.B. Singh, V. Sirotenko, W. Smart, E. Smith, R.P. Smith, R. Snihur, G.R. Snow, J. Snow, S. Snyder, J. Solomon, P.M. Sood, M. Sosebee, N. Sotnikova, M. Souza, A.L. Spadafora, G. Steinbrück, R.W. Stephens, M.L. Stevenson, D. Stewart, F. Stichelbaut, D.A. Stoianova, D. Stoker, M. Strauss, K. Streets, M. Strovink, A. Sznajder, P. Tamburello, J. Tarazi, M. Tartaglia, T.L.T. Thomas, J. Thompson, T.G. Trippe, P.M. Tuts, N. Varelas, E.W. Varnes, D. Vititoe, A.A. Volkov, A.P. Vorobiev, H.D. Wahl, G. Wang, J. Warchol, G. Watts, M. Wayne, H. Weerts, A. White, J.T. White, J.A. Wightman, S. Willis, S.J. Wimpenny, J.V.D. Wirjawan, J. Womersley, E. Won, D.R. Wood, H. Xu, R. Yamada, P. Yamin, J. Yang, T. Yasuda, P. Yepes, C. Yoshikawa, S. Youssef, J. Yu, Y. Yu, Z.H. Zhu, D. Zieminska, A. Zieminski, E.G. Zverev, and A. Zylberstejn

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Neutral current, Branching fraction, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Limit (mathematics)
Abstract

We have searched for the flavor-changing neutral current decay b -> s mu+ mu- in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV with the DO detector at Fermilab. We determine the 90% confidence level limit for the branching fraction to be B(b -> X_s mu+ mu-) < 3.2 x 10^{-4}. We argue that this limit is more stringent than the best published limit on this decay rate.

Published
1998

46. SiPMs coated with TPB: coating protocol and characterization for NEXT

Author

L. Segui, F.I.G.M. Borges, Gabriela Navarro, M. Nebot, V. Herrero, Henk J. Bolink, Zviad Tsamalaidze, A. Tomás, D. Shuman, J. Bayarri, Romain Esteve, Luis M. Serra, M. Batallé, E. Radicioni, E. Velicheva, C.M.B. Monteiro, F.J. Mora, Ana M. Gil, Marta Losada, Paola Ferrario, A. M. Méndez, A. Marí, Hicham Brine, Javier Rodríguez, L.M.P. Fernandes, T.H.V.T. Dias, Ioannis Giomataris, Taisy Silva Weber, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, N. Yahlali, J. Torrent Collell, A. Moisenko, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, Roberto Gutiérrez, D. Lorca, I. Liubarsky, M. Quinto, J. M. Catalá, C. Sofka, D. Domínguez Vázquez, L. Ripoll, S. Cebrián, J.A. Villar, D.C. Herrera, A. Cervera, J. Agramunt, I. G. Irastorza, M. Sorel, G. Luzón, Markus Ball, J.T. White, A.L. Ferreira, P Evtoukhovitch, S. A. García, J. S. Díaz, F.J. Iguaz, T. Dafni, J. Martín-Albo, Alejandra Soriano, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, R. C. Webb, Roberto Palma, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, F.P. Santos, E. Ferrer-Ribas, V. Álvarez, J. M. Carmona, J. Muñoz Vidal, Dave Nygren, K. González, J. Castel, J.M.F. dos Santos, J. A. Hernando-Morata, T. Miller, J. A. M. Lopes, A Rodríguez, J. Ferrando, Javier Pérez, F. Monrabal, José Monzó, Helmuth Spieler, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, Haley Louise Gomez, H. Natal da Luz, E. Gómez, V. Kalinnikov, D. Chan, C. A. B. Oliveira, J. Renner, and J.L. Pérez Aparicio

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Wavelength shifter, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Silicon photomultiplier, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Visible and IR photons (solid-state), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Time projection Chambers (TPC), Física, Detectors, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Gas detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Detectors de gasos, chemistry, Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), engineering, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

[EN] Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are the photon detectors chosen for the tracking readout in NEXT, a neutrinoless \bb decay experiment which uses a high pressure gaseous xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The reconstruction of event track and topology in this gaseous detector is a key handle for background rejection. Among the commercially available sensors that can be used for tracking, SiPMs offer important advantages, mainly high gain, ruggedness, cost-effectiveness and radio-purity. Their main drawback, however, is their non sensitivity in the emission spectrum of the xenon scintillation (peak at 175 nm). This is overcome by coating these sensors with the organic wavelength shifter tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB). In this paper we describe the protocol developed for coating the SiPMs with TPB and the measurements performed for characterizing the coatings as well as the performance of the coated sensors in the UV-VUV range. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA., We acknowledge the Spanish MICINN for the Consolider Ingenio grants under contracts CSD2008-00037, CSD2007-00042 and CSD2007-00010 and for the research grants under contract FPA2008-03456 and FPA2009-13697-C04-01 part of which come from FEDER funds. The Portuguese team acknowledges support from FCT and FEDER through program COMPETE, project PTDC/FIS/103860/2008. J. Renner acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy Stewardship Science Graduate Fellowship, grant number DE-FC52-08NA28752.

Published
2012

47. Collider Physics: SDC/SSC liquified fiber calorimetry. Progress report, 1992

Author

F.R. Huson and J.T. White

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Data acquisition, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Attenuation length, Supersymmetry, Fiber, Fermilab, Calorimetry
Abstract

Most effort was directed toward the D-Zero experiment at Fermilab. Over 3 pb{sup {minus}1} of high-quality physics data have been obtained. Analysis of the results (wino-zino physics, squark physics), D-zero data acquisition systems efforts, and level-1 and level-2 trigger work are described. Other work concerned detector development for use at the SSC. This technology consists of using liquid scintillator-filled tubes as scintillating fibers for a ``calorimeter.`` The key issues were to demonstrate that the liquid fibers were sufficiently rad-hard and to demonstrate that fibers with sufficiently long attenuation length could be found to satisfy the resolution requirements; both constraints could be satisfied.

Published
1992

48. Collider Physics: SDC/SSC liquified fiber calorimetry. [Physics Dept. , Texas A M Univ]

Author

J.T. White and F.R. Huson

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Data acquisition, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Scintillation counter, Attenuation length, Measuring instrument, Fiber, Fermilab, Particle detector
Abstract

Most effort was directed toward the D-Zero experiment at Fermilab. Over 3 pb[sup [minus]1] of high-quality physics data have been obtained. Analysis of the results (wino-zino physics, squark physics), D-zero data acquisition systems efforts, and level-1 and level-2 trigger work are described. Other work concerned detector development for use at the SSC. This technology consists of using liquid scintillator-filled tubes as scintillating fibers for a calorimeter.'' The key issues were to demonstrate that the liquid fibers were sufficiently rad-hard and to demonstrate that fibers with sufficiently long attenuation length could be found to satisfy the resolution requirements; both constraints could be satisfied.

Published
1992

49. Results of the material screening program of the NEXT experiment

Author

G. Martínez-Lema, F.J. Iguaz, Luis M. Serra, D. Lorca, L.M.P. Fernandes, F.I.G.M. Borges, C.M.B. Monteiro, F.J. Mora, N. Yahlali, A. Simón, V. M. Gehman, J.A. Villar, Diego González-Díaz, T. Dafni, V. Álvarez, J. S. Díaz, H. Gómez, J. Martín-Albo, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J.M.F. dos Santos, T. Miller, Alessandro Bettini, A Rodríguez, C.A.N. Conde, Luis Labarga, J.T. White, A. Goldschmidt, J. Hauptman, L.M. Moutinho, J. Torrent, M. Sorel, F. Monrabal, L. Ripoll, Marta Losada, A.L. Ferreira, F.P. Santos, M. Nebot-Guinot, Roberto Gutiérrez, I. Liubarsky, J. A. Hernando Morata, D.C. Herrera, A. Marí, I. C. Bandac, J.F. Toledo, S. Cárcel, C. Sofka, A. Martínez, Javier Rodríguez, Manuel Camargo, M. Monserrate, J. Muñoz Vidal, A. Cervera, D. Shuman, Marcos Fernandez, S. Cebrián, R. C. Webb, Romain Esteve, Javier Pérez, J.F.C.A. Veloso, E.D.C. Freitas, G. Luzón, L. Segui, I. G. Irastorza, Paola Ferrario, D. R. Nygren, A. Laing, Zviad Tsamalaidze, J. Renner, J.L. Pérez Aparicio, and C. A. B. Oliveira

Subjects
MECANICA DE LOS MEDIOS CONTINUOS Y TEORIA DE ESTRUCTURAS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiopurity, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Germanium gamma spectrometry, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Gamma ray spectrometry, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Measurement method, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray spectrometer, Canfranc Underground Laboratory, Espectrometria de raigs gamma, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Neutrino
Abstract

The 'Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT)', intended to investigate neutrinoless double beta decay, requires extremely low background levels. An extensive material screening and selection process to assess the radioactivity of components is underway combining several techniques, including germanium gamma-ray spectrometry performed at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory; recent results of this material screening program are presented here., Proceedings for a poster contribution at ICHEP 2014, Valencia, Spain

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50. Color coherent radiation in multijet events from pp- collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV

Author

B. Abbott, M. Abolins, B.S. Acharya, I. Adam, D.L. Adams, M. Adams, S. Ahn, H. Aihara, G.A. Alves, E. Amidi, N. Amos, E.W. Anderson, R. Astur, M.M. Baarmand, A. Baden, V. Balamurali, J. Balderston, B. Baldin, S. Banerjee, J. Bantly, J.F Bartlett, K. Bazizi, A. Belyaev, S.B. Beri, I. Bertram, V.A. Bezzubov, P.C. Bhat, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, N. Biswas, G. Blazey, S. Blessing, P. Bloom, A. Boehnlein, N.I. Bojko, F. Borcherding, C. Boswell, A. Brandt, R. Brock, A. Bross, D. Buchholz, V.S. Burtovoi, J.M. Butler, W. Carvalho, D. Casey, Z. Casilum, H. Castilla-Valdez, D. Chakraborty, S.-M. Chang, S.V. Chekulaev, L.-P. Chen, W. Chen, S. Choi, S. Chopra, B.C. Choudhary, J.H. Christenson, M. Chung, D. Claes, A.R. Clark, W.G. Cobau, J. Cochran, W.E. Cooper, C. Cretsinger, D. Cullen-Vidal, M.A.C. Cummings, D. Cutts, O.I. Dahl, K. Davis, K. De, K. Del Signore, M. Demarteau, D. Denisov, S.P. Denisov, H.T. Diehl, M. Diesburg, G. Di Loreto, P. Draper, Y. Ducros, L.V. Dudko, S.R. Dugad, D. Edmunds, J. Ellison, V.D. Elvira, R. Engelmann, S. Eno, G. Eppley, P. Ermolov, O.V. Eroshin, V.N. Evdokimov, T. Fahland, M. Fatyga, M.K. Fatyga, S. Feher, D. Fein, T. Ferbel, G. Finocchiaro, H.E. Fisk, Y. Fisyak, E. Flattum, G.E. Forden, M. Fortner, K.C. Frame, S. Fuess, E. Gallas, A.N. Galyaev, P. Gartung, T.L. Geld, R.J. Genik, K. Genser, C.E. Gerber, B. Gibbard, S. Glenn, B. Gobbi, M. Goforth, A. Goldschmidt, B. Gómez, G. Gómez, P.I. Goncharov, J.L. González Solís, H. Gordon, L.T. Goss, K. Gounder, A. Goussiou, N. Graf, P.D. Grannis, D.R. Green, J. Green, H. Greenlee, G. Grim, S. Grinstein, N. Grossman, P. Grudberg, S. Grünendahl, G. Guglielmo, J.A. Guida, J.M. Guida, A. Gupta, S.N. Gurzhiev, P. Gutierrez, Y.E. Gutnikov, N.J. Hadley, H. Haggerty, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.S. Hahn, R.E. Hall, P. Hanlet, S. Hansen, J.M. Hauptman, D. Hedin, A.P. Heinson, U. Heintz, R. Hernández-Montoya, T. Heuring, R. Hirosky, J.D. Hobbs, B. Hoeneisen, J.S. Hoftun, F. Hsieh, Ting Hu, Tong Hu, T. Huehn, A.S. Ito, E. James, J. Jaques, S.A. Jerger, R. Jesik, J.Z.-Y. Jiang, T. Joffe-Minor, K. Johns, M. Johnson, A. Jonckheere, M. Jones, H. Jöstlein, S.Y. Jun, C.K. Jung, S. Kahn, G. Kalbfleisch, J.S. Kang, D. Karmgard, R. Kehoe, M.L. Kelly, C.L. Kim, S.K. Kim, A. Klatchko, B. Klima, C. Klopfenstein, V.I. Klyukhin, V.I. Kochetkov, J.M. Kohli, D. Koltick, A.V. Kostritskiy, J. Kotcher, A.V. Kotwal, J. Kourlas, A.V. Kozelov, E.A. Kozlovski, J. Krane, M.R. Krishnaswamy, S. Krzywdzinski, S. Kunori, S. Lami, H. Lan, R. Lander, F. Landry, G. Landsberg, B. Lauer, A. Leflat, H. Li, J. Li, Q.Z. Li-Demarteau, J.G.R. Lima, D. Lincoln, S.L. Linn, J. Linnemann, R. Lipton, Y.C. Liu, F. Lobkowicz, S.C. Loken, S. Lökös, L. Lueking, A.L. Lyon, A.K.A. Maciel, R.J. Madaras, R. Madden, L. Magaña-Mendoza, S. Mani, H.S. Mao, R. Markeloff, T. Marshall, M.I. Martin, K.M. Mauritz, B. May, A.A. Mayorov, R. McCarthy, J. McDonald, T. McKibben, J. McKinley, T. McMahon, H.L. Melanson, M. Merkin, K.W. Merritt, H. Miettinen, A. Mincer, C.S. Mishra, N. Mokhov, N.K. Mondal, H.E. Montgomery, P. Mooney, H. da Motta, C. Murphy, F. Nang, M. Narain, V.S. Narasimham, A. Narayanan, H.A. Neal, J.P. Negret, P. Nemethy, M. Nicola, D. Norman, L. Oesch, V. Oguri, E. Oltman, N. Oshima, D. Owen, P. Padley, M. Pang, A. Para, Y.M. Park, R. Partridge, N. Parua, M. Paterno, J. Perkins, M. Peters, R. Piegaia, H. Piekarz, Y. Pischalnikov, V.M. Podstavkov, B.G. Pope, H.B. Prosper, S. Protopopescu, J. Qian, P.Z. Quintas, R. Raja, S. Rajagopalan, O. Ramirez, L. Rasmussen, S. Reucroft, M. Rijssenbeek, T. Rockwell, N.A. Roe, P. Rubinov, R. Ruchti, J. Rutherfoord, A. Sánchez-Hernández, A. Santoro, L. Sawyer, R.D. Schamberger, H. Schellman, J. Sculli, E. Shabalina, C. Shaffer, H.C. Shankar, R.K. Shivpuri, M. Shupe, H. Singh, J.B. Singh, V. Sirotenko, W. Smart, R.P. Smith, R. Snihur, G.R. Snow, J. Snow, S. Snyder, J. Solomon, P.M. Sood, M. Sosebee, N. Sotnikova, M. Souza, A.L. Spadafora, R.W. Stephens, M.L. Stevenson, D. Stewart, F. Stichelbaut, D.A. Stoianova, D. Stoker, M. Strauss, K. Streets, M. Strovink, A. Sznajder, P. Tamburello, J. Tarazi, M. Tartaglia, T.L.T. Thomas, J. Thompson, T.G. Trippe, P.M. Tuts, N. Varelas, E.W. Varnes, D. Vititoe, A.A. Volkov, A.P. Vorobiev, H.D. Wahl, G. Wang, J. Warchol, G. Watts, M. Wayne, H. Weerts, A. White, J.T. White, J.A. Wightman, S. Willis, S.J. Wimpenny, J.V.D. Wirjawan, J. Womersley, E. Won, D.R. Wood, H. Xu, R. Yamada, P. Yamin, J. Yang, T. Yasuda, P. Yepes, C. Yoshikawa, S. Youssef, J. Yu, Y. Yu, Z.H. Zhu, D. Zieminska, A. Zieminski, E.G. Zverev, and A. Zylberstejn

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Tevatron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Radiation, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We report on a study of color coherence effects in pp- collisions at a center of mass energy √s = 1.8 TeV. The data were collected with the DØ detector during the 1992-1993 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We observe the presence of initial-to-final state color interference with the spatial correlations between soft and hard jets in multijet events in the central and in forward pseudorapidity regions. The results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to the predictions of script O sign(α3s) QCD calculations. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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