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The paper analyzes the results obtained during the last 50 years on studying of the fauna, biology, ecology and maintenance in captivity of venomous snakes in order to obtain and use of snake venom. Scientific and practical directions for the production and study of snake venom in Azerbaijan are also given in the paper.

Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been one of the major advances in the treatment of a variety of advanced or metastatic tumors in recent years. Therefore, ICI-therapy is already approved in first-line therapy for multiple tumors, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy. However, there are relevant differences in approval among different tumor entities, especially with respect to PD-L1 testing. Different response to ICI-therapy has been observed in the pivotal trials, so PD-L1 diagnostic testing is used for patient selection. In addition to PD-L1 testing of tumor tissue, liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive way to monitor disease in cancer patients and identify those who would benefit most from ICI-therapy. This overview focuses on the use of ICI-therapy and how it relates to common and potential future biomarkers for patient-directed treatment planning.

Objective Data related to the existence of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities in normo-functional bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is scarce. Also, the impact of afterload and the involved mechanisms are unclear. In this work, we study the relationship between LV function assessed with myocardial work index (MWI) and arterial stiffness in a cohort of normo-functioning BAV patients. Methods In this study, we included a total of 38 consecutive patients with isolated BAV and 44 age- and gender-matched control subjects with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to assess conventional parameters, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and MW by non-invasive left ventricular pressure–strain loop (LV-PSL) method. The aortic pulse wave velocity(PWV) was used to determine arterial stiffnessand wave reflection was evaluated by applanation tonometry. Results The mean aortic PWV was significantly higher in BAV patients (6.4 ± 0.80, 7.02 ± .1.2, p = 0.01, respectively). The statistical difference was not significant for the parameters linked to LV-MW, such as global work index (GWI) and global constructive work (GCW) between the BAV and control groups (1969 ± 259 and 2014 ± 278, p = 0.45; 2299 ± 290 and 2359 ± 345, p = 0.39 respectively). In contrast, the BAV and control groups were significantly different in terms of global work efficiency (GWE) (96.26 ± 1.69 and 97.05 ± 1.27, p = 0.02) and global wasted work (GWW) ; (78.2 ± 32.1 and 61.8 ± 24.4, p = 0.01,). Multivariable ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis for predicting GWW demonstrated that BAV increased GWW (ß=8.4; 95% CI: 1.5–15.3; p = 0.04) and PWV increased GWW (ß=5.6; 95% CI: 0.7–10.5; p = 0.01). Conclusion The results of the MW analysis in this study revealed that the GWE values were lower and the GWW values were higher. Also, PWV had a significant impact on MW and it was independently associated with GWW. The association between aortic PWV and GWW may help to explain the documented mechanism of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in isolated BAV patients.

The article presents information about the study of pumps used in drilling wells, cementing protective belts, pumping clay into wells while drilling, developing productive horizons, as well as their operation, their sealing units. During piston pump operation, the seal assemblies are subjected to fluid pressure from both sides of the piston. Liquid and slurry handling equipment operates under high loads such as erosion, corrosion, cavitation and abrasion. Such cases have a significant impact on the degradation of pump performance, corrosion of the pump sliding surfaces, leading to a decrease in FIE, an increase in power consumption, and an increase in the overall service life for calculations. Failure to address these issues will jeopardize the integrity of the pumping equipment and result in equipment failure. Keywords: piston pump, valve pair, valve seat, valve plate, valve seal, plunger.

Resumo Fundamentos A determinação precisa do colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) é importante para se alcançar concentrações de LDL-C recomendadas por diretrizes e para reduzir resultados cardiovasculares adversos em pacientes diabéticos. A equação de Friedewald comumente usada (LDL-Cf) produz resultados imprecisos em pacientes diabéticos devido a dislipidemia diabética associada. Recentemente, duas novas equações – Martin/Hopkins (LDL-CMH) e Sampson (LDL-Cs) – foram desenvolvidas para melhorar a precisão da estimativa de LDL-C, mas os dados são insuficientes para sugerir a superioridade de uma equação sobre a outra. Objetivos O presente estudo comparou a precisão e a utilidade clínica das novas equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson em pacientes diabéticos. Método Foram incluídos no estudo quatrocentos e dois (402) pacientes com diabetes. O risco cardiovascular dos pacientes e as metas de LDL-C foram calculadas por diretrizes europeias. As concentrações de LDL-Cmh, LDL-Cs, e LDL-Cf calculadas foram comparadas à concentração de LDL-C direto (LDL-Cd) para testar a concordância entre essas equações e LDL-Cd. Um P valor 400 mg/dl, a concordância com o LDL-Cd foi ruim, independentemente do método usado. Conclusão As equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson mostram uma precisão similar para o cálculo de concentrações de LDL-C nos pacientes com diabetes, e ambas as equações são ligeiramente melhores que a equação de Friedewald.

Due to the fact that the optical and magneto-optical parameters during reflection are determined in different experimental installations, each time it is necessary to adjust the studied sample. This leads to various errors and wastes time. Therefore, it was decided to combine the two installations into one whole and by automating the processes to determine the parameters with the same adjustment. For automation, a unit for automation of measurement modes and a stepper motor control device were developed and introduced into the experimental setup.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has gained increasing popularity in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. However, the increase in the frequency of this procedure also increases the risk of complications. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has serious and general complications in terms of device and technique at puncture and dilatation sites. In this case, we describe the easy and practical management of deflating an undeflated ballon in the right superficial femoral artery.

Poster-Abstract

Poster-Abstract

Resumo Fundamentos A determinação precisa do colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) é importante para se alcançar concentrações de LDL-C recomendadas por diretrizes e para reduzir resultados cardiovasculares adversos em pacientes diabéticos. A equação de Friedewald comumente usada (LDL-Cf) produz resultados imprecisos em pacientes diabéticos devido a dislipidemia diabética associada. Recentemente, duas novas equações – Martin/Hopkins (LDL-CMH) e Sampson (LDL-Cs) – foram desenvolvidas para melhorar a precisão da estimativa de LDL-C, mas os dados são insuficientes para sugerir a superioridade de uma equação sobre a outra. Objetivos O presente estudo comparou a precisão e a utilidade clínica das novas equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson em pacientes diabéticos. Método Foram incluídos no estudo quatrocentos e dois (402) pacientes com diabetes. O risco cardiovascular dos pacientes e as metas de LDL-C foram calculadas por diretrizes europeias. As concentrações de LDL-Cmh, LDL-Cs, e LDL-Cf calculadas foram comparadas à concentração de LDL-C direto (LDL-Cd) para testar a concordância entre essas equações e LDL-Cd. Um P valor 400 mg/dl, a concordância com o LDL-Cd foi ruim, independentemente do método usado. Conclusão As equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson mostram uma precisão similar para o cálculo de concentrações de LDL-C nos pacientes com diabetes, e ambas as equações são ligeiramente melhores que a equação de Friedewald. Abstract Background The accurate determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C concentrations and to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. The commonly used Friedewald equation (LDL-Cf), gives inaccurate results in diabetic patients due to accompanying diabetic dyslipidemia. Recently two new equations – Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh) and Sampson (LDL-Cs) – were developed to improve the accuracy of LDL-C estimation, but data are insufficient to suggest the superiority of one equation over the other one. Objective The present study compared the accuracy and clinical usefulness of novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson equations in diabetic patients. Methods This study included 402 patients with diabetes. Patients’ cardiovascular risk and LDL-C targets were calculated per European guidelines. Calculated LDL-Cmh, LDL-Cs, and LDL-Cf concentrations were compared with direct LDL-C concentration (LDL-Cd) to test agreement between these equations and LDL-Cd. A p-value 400 mg/dl, agreement with LDL-Cd was poor, regardless of the method used. Conclusion Martin/Hopkins and Sampson’s equations show a similar accuracy for calculating LDL-C concentrations in patients with diabetes, and both equations were marginally better than the Friedewald equation.

Yüksek SYNTAX skorlu olgulara genellikle cerrahi revaskülarizasyon önerilmektedir ve cerrahi riski yüksek olgularda güvenilir bir “B planı”nın olması girişimsel kardiologların en büyük arzusudur. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda kronik koroner sendrom (KKS)’lu SYNTAX skoru ≥33 olan olgularda tek başına medikal tedavi(MT), cerrahi-medikal tedavi(CABG) ve perkütan-medikal tedavi(PCI) kollarını karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Gözlemsel kayıt çalışmamıza KKS’li çok damar hastası ve SYNTAX skoru ≥33 olan olgular dahil edildi. Her üç tedavi kolundaki olguların hem kısa (30 günlük) hem de uzun dönem sonlanımları değerlendirildi. Birincil sonlanım noktası kardiyak ve tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalite iken, ikincil sonlanım noktası akut miyokart infarktüsü(AMİ), ilave revaskülarizasyon, serebrovasküler olay( SVO) olarak belirlendi. 33 hasta MT, 24 hasta PCI, 79 hasta ise CABG kolunda istatistiksel analize dahil edildi. Ortalama takip süresi 48,25±26,37 ay olarak saptandı. Uzun dönemde CABG kardiyak ve tüm nedenlere bağlı ölüm açısından MT ve PCI kollarına üstün olduğu görüldü(sırasıyla CABG vs MT p=0,001, CABG vs PCI p=0,001; CABG vs MT p=0,002, CABG vs PCI p=0,002). Bu bağlamda MT ve PCI kolları arasında fark görülmedi (sırasıyla p=0,085, p=0,065). AMİ ve SVO sonlanım noktalarında da CABG kolunun superior olduğu saptandı(sırasıyla CABG vs MT p=, Generally, surgical revascularization recommended for patients who have high SYNTAX scores, but it is the greatest desire of invasive cardiologists to have a reliable “Plan B” in cases with high surgery risk. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to compare medical treatment alone, surgical-medical treatment, and percutaneous-medical treatment options in CCS cases with a SYNTAX score of ≥33. In an observational registry study, we included patients with multivessel disease and SYNTAX score of ≥33. Both short (30-day) and long-term outcomes of subjects in all three treatment arms were evaluated. The primary outcome was allcause and cardiac mortality. Myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke constituted our secondary outcomes. 33 patients in the MT arm, 24 in the PCI arm, and 79 in the CABG arm were included in the analyses. Mean follow-up was 48.25±26.37 months. CABG arm was superior to both arms in terms of cardiac death (CABG vs MT p=0.001, CABG vs PCI p=0.001) and PCI and MT did were similar (p=0.085), CABG was superior in allcause detah (CABG vs MT p=0.002, CABG vs PCI p=0.002) again no statistical differences were detected between MT and PCI arms (p=0.065) in long term follow-up. In terms of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) (CABG vs MT p=

The accurate determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C concentrations and to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. The commonly used Friedewald equation (LDL-Cf), gives inaccurate results in diabetic patients due to accompanying diabetic dyslipidemia. Recently two new equations - Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh) and Sampson (LDL-Cs) - were developed to improve the accuracy of LDL-C estimation, but data are insufficient to suggest the superiority of one equation over the other one.The present study compared the accuracy and clinical usefulness of novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson equations in diabetic patients.This study included 402 patients with diabetes. Patients' cardiovascular risk and LDL-C targets were calculated per European guidelines. Calculated LDL-Cmh, LDL-Cs, and LDL-Cf concentrations were compared with direct LDL-C concentration (LDL-Cd) to test agreement between these equations and LDL-Cd. A p-value0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.Both LDL-Cmh and LDL-Cs had a better agreement with LDL-Cd as compared to LDL-Cf, but no statistical differences were found among novel equations for agreement with LDL-Cd (Cronbach's alpha 0.955 for both, p=1). Likewise, LDL-Cmh and LDL-Cs showed a similar degree of agreement with LDL-Cd in determining whether a patient was in a guideline-recommended LDL-C target (96.3% for LDL-Cmh and 96.0% for LDL-Cs), which were marginally better than LDL-Cf (94.6%). In patients with a triglyceride concentration400 mg/dl, agreement with LDL-Cd was poor, regardless of the method used.Martin/Hopkins and Sampson's equations show a similar accuracy for calculating LDL-C concentrations in patients with diabetes, and both equations were marginally better than the Friedewald equation.A determinação precisa do colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) é importante para se alcançar concentrações de LDL-C recomendadas por diretrizes e para reduzir resultados cardiovasculares adversos em pacientes diabéticos. A equação de Friedewald comumente usada (LDL-Cf) produz resultados imprecisos em pacientes diabéticos devido a dislipidemia diabética associada. Recentemente, duas novas equações – Martin/Hopkins (LDL-CMH) e Sampson (LDL-Cs) – foram desenvolvidas para melhorar a precisão da estimativa de LDL-C, mas os dados são insuficientes para sugerir a superioridade de uma equação sobre a outra.O presente estudo comparou a precisão e a utilidade clínica das novas equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson em pacientes diabéticos.Foram incluídos no estudo quatrocentos e dois (402) pacientes com diabetes. O risco cardiovascular dos pacientes e as metas de LDL-C foram calculadas por diretrizes europeias. As concentrações de LDL-Cmh, LDL-Cs, e LDL-Cf calculadas foram comparadas à concentração de LDL-C direto (LDL-Cd) para testar a concordância entre essas equações e LDL-Cd. Um P valor0,05 foi aceito como estatisticamente significativo.A LDL-CMH e a LDL-Cs tiveram concordância melhor com o LDL-Cd em comparação com a LDL-Cf, mas não houve diferenças estatísticas entre as novas equações para concordância com o LDL-Cd (Alfa de Cronbach de 0,955 para ambos, p=1). Da mesma forma, a LDL-CMH e a LDL-Cs tinham um grau semelhante de concordância com o LDL-Cd para determinar se o paciente estava dentro da meta de LDL-C (96,3% para LDL-Cmh e 96,0% para LDL-Cs), que eram ligeiramente melhores que a LDL-Cf (94,6%). Em pacientes com uma concentração de triglicérides400 mg/dl, a concordância com o LDL-Cd foi ruim, independentemente do método usado.As equações de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson mostram uma precisão similar para o cálculo de concentrações de LDL-C nos pacientes com diabetes, e ambas as equações são ligeiramente melhores que a equação de Friedewald.

In this paper, we review the past and recent works on generating intense terahertz (THz) pulses from photoconductive antennas (PCAs). We will focus on two types of large-aperture photoconductive antenna (LAPCA) that can generate high-intensity THz pulses (a) those with large-aperture dipoles and (b) those with interdigitated electrodes. We will first describe the principles of THz generation from PCAs. The critical parameters for improving the peak intensity of THz radiation from LAPCAs are summarized. We will then describe the saturation and limitation process of LAPCAs along with the advantages and disadvantages of working with wide-bandgap semiconductor substrates. Then, we will explain the evolution of LAPCA with interdigitated electrodes, which allows one to reduce the photoconductive gap size, and thus obtain higher bias fields while applying lower voltages. We will also describe recent achievements in intense THz pulses generated by interdigitated LAPCAs based on wide-bandgap semiconductors driven by amplified lasers. Finally, we will discuss the future perspectives of THz pulse generation using LAPCAs. [Image: see text]

Pseudoeksfoliasyon sendromu (PES) goz ve goz disi pek cok dokuda anormal hucre disi fibriler mataryelin birikimi ile karakterize sistemik bir hastaliktir . Pseudoeksfoliasyon sendromu ile kardiyovaskuler ve serebrovaskuler hastaliklar arasinda ciddi iliskiler bulunmustur. Atriyal fibrilasyonun (AF) da dahil oldugu kardiyak aritmi riskinin PES hastalarinda arttigina dair bazi deliller mevcuttur. Bozulmus atriyal elektromekanik fonksiyon AF gelisiminde onemli bir rol oynar. Bu calisma PES hastalarinda atriyal elektromekanik gecikme (EMG) surelerinin degerlendirilmesini amaclamaktadir. Otuz dort PES hastasi ve PES materyeli olmayan 29 yas ve cinsiyet uyumlu saglikli kontrol calismaya alindi. Aclik kan ornekleri alindi, transtorasik ekokardiyografi ve atriyal EMG surelerini belirlemek icin doku Doppler inceleme yapildi. Septal anulusta S dalga hizi, lateral anulusta S dalga hizi, lateral anulusta izovolumetrik kasilma hizi PES olan grupta kontrol grubuna gore daha dusuktu (sirasiyla p=0.010, 0.025 ve 0.014) . Doppler ekokardiyografi olcumleri atriyal elektromekanik baglama suresi (PA) lateral, septal ve trikuspit’in PES hastalarinda kontrollerden daha fazla oldugunu gosterdi (sirasiyla p

This article is devoted to an investigation of the TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) diagnostics and self-diagnostics problems. The aim of the current research is to prepare the TCAS system built-in diagnostics aid and to build a model of a device for non-contact monitoring of the TCAS unit operational status. The tasks of the research are the following: to conduct analysis of the features and capabilities of the TCAS diagnostic techniques and aids; to develop a model which can detect the spurious actuation of the system and false decision-making; to prepare techniques which can detect such behavior of the system during a flight; to construct a model of a device for built-in diagnostics based on an non-contact monitoring of the TCAS states. The applied techniques of the researches are the following: application of signs, facts, and heuristic information about faults, implementation of an instrumental approach and diagnostic techniques based on an estimation of measured and monitored parameters. The system state monitoring method was proposed to carry out non-contact diagnostics of the system and to monitor the operating modes. This method is based on operating current variations by means of current measure using non-contact meters. It was proposed to apply the Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil to carry out such diagnostics. The schematic model to monitor the operation of the TCAS receiving and computing unit is developed considering Hall sensors’ capabilities to measure both direct and alternating currents. It was proposed the method and schematics to monitor TCAS system transmitter operating modes due to the fact that Rogowski coil is capable to measure both pulse and HF currents. This promotes to carry out diagnostics of the system proper operation. Several model versions of Rogowski coil are developed. Researches were carried out applying self-contained testing device (АКИП – 3407/2А) and Tektronics TSB digital oscilloscope. Conclusions. The novelty of the carried researches is follows: it is proposed a method for monitoring the variations of operating currents applied by the TCAS basic units for providing the self-contained diagnostics system; it is proposed a method for monitoring the system state according to the operating current variations, based on current measurements applying the Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil to provide the TCAS non-contact diagnostics. The research includes analysis of the laboratory measurements which were performed applying several versions of the Rogowski coil. Functional diagrams of the coil connections to the circuit are developed applying MultiSim14. The logical unit of the TCAS electrical modes built-in monitoring device is developed applying MatLab and MultiSim14

Semptomatik mitral darligi (MD) hastalari perkutan yolla tedavi edilebilmektedir. Bu hastalarda perkutan mitral balon valvulaplasti (PMBV) ile MD ve semptomlari giderilebilmektedir. Bu calismamizda ciddi MD hastalarinda PMBV islemi sirasinda transozofajiyal ekokardiyografi (TEE) kilavuzlugunun islem basarisi ve komplikasyonlar uzerine etkisini arastirmak istedik. Calismaya ciddi MD ile basvuran ve PMBV yapilmasi planlanan 45 hasta alindi. PMBV islemi 23 hastaya TEE kilavuzlugunda (TEE(+)), 22 hastaya ise TEE kilavuzlugu olmadan (TEE(-)) gerceklestirildi. Calismada her iki grubun transseptal ponksiyon (TSP) suresi, septum gecis basarisi, kapak gecis basarisi degerlendirildi. PMBV ile tedavi edilen tum hastalara 24. saat ve 12. haftada transtorasik ekokardiyografi ile degerlendirildi. Calismaya alinan hastalarin TEE(+) grubunda yas ortalamasi 47,9±11,4, TEE(-) grubunda ise 48,5±15 (p=0,88) idi. TEE(-) grubundaki olgularin ortalama boyu 163,1±7,5 cm, TEE(+) grubunda ise 161,7±5,4 cm (p=0,47) olarak gozlendi. TEE(-) grubunda Wilkins skoru 8,5(7,0-10,0), TEE(+) grubunda ise 9,0(7,0-11,0) (p=0,111) olarak gozlendi. TSP suresi TEE(-) grubunda ve TEE(+) grubunda sirasiyla 25,24±5,1 dk. ve 21,86±3,8 dk (p=0,02) olarak tespit edildi. TEE(-) grubunda kapak gecis basarisi %100 iken, TEE(+) grubunda %85,8 olarak bulundu. TEE(+) grubunda mitral kapak gecisi daha basarisizdi ancak istatistiksel anlamli fark yoktu (p=0,072). Komplikasyonlar her iki grupta benzerdi. PBMV esnasinda kullanilan TEE’nin TSP’den dogan komplikasyonlar, TSP basarisi, kapak gecis basarisi, islem basarisi, islem komplikasyonlari uzerine ise herhangi bir etkisinin olmamasina ragmen TSP suresini kisalttigi gosterildi. Hastalarda islem suresini kisaltmak, radyasyon maruziyetini en aza indirmek icin PBMV islemi sirasinda TEE kilavuzlugu konvansiyonel yonteme eklenebilir.

Background and aim: The objective of this study was to assess the potential role of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the release of copeptin in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: The study included 63 patients of whom 33 had functional mild MR (Group 1) and 30 had functional severe MR (Group 2). The functional class of both groups was New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III. Blood samples for the determination of plasma copeptin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were obtained on the same day with the echo-cardiographic examination. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed. Results: Copeptin and BNP levels showed a substantial agreement in the whole study group (Kappa level: 0.607, p < 0.0001). Also, copeptin and BNP showed a strong correlation and were both increased and significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction values were similar in both groups. The study population were divided into two subgroups on the basis of copeptin median level (6.4 ng/mL), and the prevalence of severe MR was significantly higher in the above-median-copeptin subgroup. A linear regression analysis showed that the presence of severe MR was the only independent predictor of high circulating plasma copeptin level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.8–12.1; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Severe MR is an independent predictor of elevated plasma copeptin level in HFREF irrespective of systolic function.

The original version of this paper was published with error. The correct spelling of author name is “Orkhan Isgandarov” instead of “Orkhan Isgandrove”. Corresponding author failed to provide a correction during proofing stage. Given in this article is the correct name.

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of monetary policy tools on economic growth in Azerbaijan during 2005-2018 using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Also, different co-integration methods, namely, Johansen, DOLS, FMOLS and CCR were utilized for the robustness test. The outcomes of the different co-integration methods are consistent with one another and confirm the existence of long-run relationships among variables. Furthermore, the estimation results of VECM show that the monetary base and exchange rate have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the long-run, while the discount rate is insignificant. The paper concludes that the monetary base and exchange rate should be promoted by policymakers over other monetary policy tools during monetary policy implementation toward stimulating economic growth.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic disorder characterized bythe accumulation of an abnormal fibrillar material in various ocular andextraocular tissues. Significant associations between PEX and cardiovascular,and cerebrovascular diseases were found. There is some evidence suggesting anincreased risk of cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF) inpatients with PEX. Impaired atrial electromechanical function plays asignificant role in the development of AF. This study aims to evaluate atrialelectromechanical delay (EMD) times in patients with PEX. Thirty-four PEX patients and 29 age-matched and sex-matchedhealthy controls who had no PEX material were included. Fasting blood sampleswere taken, transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging wereperformed to determine atrial EMD times.The S-wave velocity at the septal annulus, the S-wave velocity at thelateral annulus, and the isovolumetric contraction velocity at the lateralannulus were lower in patients with PEX than in controls (p=0.010, 0.025 and0.014, respectively). Tissue Doppler imaging measurements showed that the atrialelectromechanical coupling time (PA) lateral, PA septal, and PA tricuspid werehigher in patients with PEX than in controls (p, Pseudoeksfoliasyonsendromu (PES) göz vegöz dışı pek çok dokuda anormal hücre dışı fibriler mataryelin birikimi ilekarakterize sistemik bir hastalıktır. Pseudoeksfoliasyon sendromu ile kardiyovasküler ve serebrovaskülerhastalıklar arasında ciddi ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Atriyal fibrilasyonun (AF) da dahil olduğu kardiyak aritmi riskininPES hastalarında arttığına dair bazı deliller mevcuttur. Bozulmuş atriyal elektromekanikfonksiyon AF gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışma PES hastalarında atriyalelektromekanik gecikme (EMG) sürelerinin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Otuzdört PES hastası ve PES materyeli olmayan 29 yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu sağlıklıkontrol çalışmaya alındı. Açlık kan örnekleri alındı, transtorasikekokardiyografi ve atriyal EMG sürelerini belirlemek için doku Doppler incelemeyapıldı. Septal anulustaS dalga hızı, lateral anulusta S dalga hızı, lateral anulusta izovolümetrikkasılma hızı PES olan grupta kontrol grubuna göre daha düşüktü (sırasıylap=0.010, 0.025 ve 0.014).Doppler ekokardiyografi ölçümleri atriyal elektromekanik bağlama süresi (PA)lateral, septal ve trikuspit’in PES hastalarında kontrollerden daha fazlaolduğunu gösterdi (sırasıyla p

In this study, we demonstrate intense extreme-ultraviolet optical vortices generated using laser-ablation plume as the nonlinear medium. We used two types of plumes that are known to generate intense high-order harmonics for driving lasers with Gaussian beam profiles, but through different mechanisms, namely, carbon (diatomic carbon molecules) and tin (resonance with the autoionizing state). We find that the harmonic fluxes for diatomic carbon molecules are similar for Gaussian and vortex driving fields. However, for harmonics from the autoionizing state of tin (∼26.3 eV), the enhancement factor of the resonant harmonic intensity decreases by ∼50% when using the vortex driving field. The intense extreme-ultraviolet optical vortices demonstrated in this study will be useful for many applications including a material characterization technique known as optical angular momentum dichroism as well as the spectroscopy of spin-forbidden electronic transitions.