234 results on '"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie"'
Search Results
2. Genetic Evolution of Arboviruses in New Caledonia Between 1995 and 2024 and Impact of Wolbachia (DENWOLUTION)
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Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie and Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie
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- 2024
3. Household Transmission Investigation Study for COVID-19 in Tropical Regions (EPI-COVID-19)
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Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon de Cayenne, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Centre Hospitalier de la Guadeloupe, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie
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- 2022
4. Assessment of fitness and vector competence of a New Caledonia wMel Aedes aegypti strain before field-release
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Kevin Lucien, Sylvie Laumond, Marine Minier, Cameron P. Simmons, Nadège Rossi, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Olivia O’Connor, Nicolas Pocquet, Tristan Derycke, Frédéric Touzain, Sylvie Russet, Elodie Chalus, Heather A. Flores, David J. Hooker, Florie Cheilan, Catherine Inizan, Jordan Tutagata, Morgane Pol, Johanna M. Duyvestyn, Daniela da Silva Gonçalves, Etiene C. Pacidônio, Dominique Girault, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Monash University [Melbourne], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Mairie de Nouméa [Nouvelle-Calédonie], Direction des Affaires sanitaires et sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie [Nouméa] (DASS [Nouméa]), Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), University of Oxford [Oxford], This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, the New Caledonia government, the Nouméa City Council , the University of Monash, and the Fonds de coopération économique, sociale et culturelle pour le Pacifique (grant number UO 209DRP0457)., and We are grateful to the Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, the Mairie de Nouméa, the Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and the University of Monash for their contribution to the implementation of this project in Noumea, New Caledonia. We would like to thank all the staff from Centre de Don du Sang et Service de Transfusion Sanguine from Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret, Nouvelle-Calédonie, for their involvement and support. We warmly thank the Clinical Research Department of the Centre for Translational Research at Institut Pasteur in Paris for their support in ethic procedures. DENV isolates were obtained from the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses. Roy Hall kindly provided the 4G2 antibody used in TCID50 experiments. We would like to thank Jaana Wenham and Mason Mason for technical assistance. We would like to thank Sosiasi Kilama and Sophie Hagen for technical support. We deeply thank Marc Jouan, Vincent Richard, and Jean-Paul Grangeon for their unshakeable support in the implementation of the project in Noumea, New Caledonia.
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RNA viruses ,Insecticides ,Mosquito Control ,Physiology ,Eggs ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,RC955-962 ,Dengue virus ,Disease Vectors ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Mosquitoes ,Dengue fever ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Animal Wings ,Reproductive Physiology ,Aedes ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Chikungunya ,Animal Anatomy ,0303 health sciences ,Chikungunya Virus ,biology ,Eukaryota ,virus diseases ,Agriculture ,Fecundity ,Bird Eggs ,3. Good health ,Insects ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Wolbachia ,Pathogens ,Anatomy ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Agrochemicals ,Cytoplasmic incompatibility ,Research Article ,Arthropoda ,Alphaviruses ,030231 tropical medicine ,Aedes aegypti ,Mosquito Vectors ,Aedes Aegypti ,Microbiology ,Togaviruses ,03 medical and health sciences ,New Caledonia ,medicine ,Animals ,Pest Control, Biological ,Microbial Pathogens ,030304 developmental biology ,Bacteria ,Flaviviruses ,fungi ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Zika Virus ,Dengue Virus ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Invertebrates ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Zoology ,Entomology - Abstract
Background Biological control programs involving Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti are currently deployed in different epidemiological settings. New Caledonia (NC) is an ideal location for the implementation and evaluation of such a strategy as the only proven vector for dengue virus (DENV) is Ae. aegypti and dengue outbreaks frequency and severity are increasing. We report the generation of a NC Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti strain and the results of experiments to assess the vector competence and fitness of this strain for future implementation as a disease control strategy in Noumea, NC. Methods/principal findings The NC Wolbachia strain (NC-wMel) was obtained by backcrossing Australian AUS-wMel females with New Caledonian Wild-Type (NC-WT) males. Blocking of DENV, chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses were evaluated via mosquito oral feeding experiments and intrathoracic DENV challenge. Significant reduction in infection rates were observed for NC-wMel Ae. aegypti compared to WT Ae. aegypti. No transmission was observed for NC-wMel Ae. aegypti. Maternal transmission, cytoplasmic incompatibility, fertility, fecundity, wing length, and insecticide resistance were also assessed in laboratory experiments. Ae. aegypti NC-wMel showed complete cytoplasmic incompatibility and a strong maternal transmission. Ae. aegypti NC-wMel fitness seemed to be reduced compared to NC-WT Ae. aegypti and AUS-wMel Ae. aegypti regarding fertility and fecundity. However further experiments are required to assess it accurately. Conclusions/significance Our results demonstrated that the NC-wMel Ae. aegypti strain is a strong inhibitor of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV infection and prevents transmission of infectious viral particles in mosquito saliva. Furthermore, our NC-wMel Ae. aegypti strain induces reproductive cytoplasmic incompatibility with minimal apparent fitness costs and high maternal transmission, supporting field-releases in Noumea, NC., Author summary Dengue represents a risk for almost half of the world’s population, especially throughout the tropics. In New Caledonia, dengue outbreaks have become more frequent in the past decade along with the recent circulation of chikungunya and Zika viruses. The opportunity to use the biocontrol method involving the release of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes has been investigated as an alternative solution to the traditional control methods, like elimination of larval habitats and pyrethroid insecticide application to kill adults, which are becoming insufficient. A local strain of Ae. aegypti carrying Wolbachia (NC-wMel) has been generated and tested to evaluate its pathogen blocking capacity for the four dengue virus serotypes as well as chikungunya and Zika viruses. The fitness of NC-wMel strain has also been assessed to estimate its ability to compete with the wild-type strain in the field. Noumea city, where a third of the population of New Caledonia resides, has been chosen as the first site to implement the method in New Caledonia. As Ae. aegypti is the only proven vector in New Caledonia, we expect a significant impact on dengue outbreaks occurring in Noumea as soon as a high frequency of NC-wMel is established in the population.
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- 2021
5. An Innovative Multiplexed And Flexible Molecular Approach For The Differential Detection Of Arboviruses
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Jean-Charles Brès, Emilie Blanc, Albert Meyer, François Morvan, Robin Reynier, Philippe Van de Perre, Jean-François Cantaloube, Chantal Fournier-Wirth, Fanny Leon, Yannick Simonin, Lilian Bruyère-Ostells, Pierre Gallian, Jean-Jacques Vasseur, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Sara Salinas, Vincent Foulongne, Antoine Biron, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus - Laboratoire coordonnateur : Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale (ERRIT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, Supported by institutional funding from Etablissement Français du Sang (C.F.-W.) and Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (M.D.-R.)., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
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0301 basic medicine ,viruses ,Dengue virus ,Biology ,Nucleic Acid Testing ,medicine.disease_cause ,Genome ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Virus ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Zika virus ,Dengue ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Multiplex ,Chikungunya ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Zika Virus Infection ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,virus diseases ,Zika Virus ,Dengue Virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Patient management ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Molecular Medicine ,Chikungunya Fever ,Chikungunya virus ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - Abstract
International audience; Nucleic acid testing during the preseroconversion viremic phase is required to differentially diagnose arboviral infections. The continuing emergence of arboviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), necessitates the development of a flexible diagnostic approach. Similar clinical signs and the priority to protect pregnant women from ZIKV infection indicate that the differential diagnosis of arboviruses is essential for effective patient management, clinical care, and epidemiologic surveillance. We describe an innovative diagnostic approach that combines generic RT-PCR amplification and identification by hybridization to specific probes. Original tetrathiolated probes were designed for the robust, sensitive, and specific detection of amplified arboviral genomes. The limit of detection using cultured and quantified stocks of whole viruses was 1 TCID50/mL for DENV-1, DENV-3, and CHIKV and 10 TCID50/mL for DENV-2, DENV-4, and ZIKV. The assay had 100% specificity with no false-positive results. The approach was evaluated using 179 human samples that previously tested as positive for the presence of ZIKV, DENV, or CHIKV genomes. Accordingly, the diagnostic sensitivity for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV was 87.88% (n = 58/66), 96.67% (n = 58/60), and 94.34% (n = 50/53), respectively. This method could be easily adapted to include additional molecular targets. Moreover, this approach may also be adapted to develop highly specific, sensitive, and easy to handle platforms dedicated to the multiplex screening and identification of emerging viruses.
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- 2019
6. Leptospirosis Pathophysiology: Into the Storm of Cytokines
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Julie Cagliero, Sharon Yvette Angelina M. Villanueva, Mariko Matsui, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of the Philippines (UP System), and The research position of MM and JC are financed by the Government of New Caledonia. This program is co-funded by the French Ministry of Research and Technology, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Pasteur de Paris.
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mini Review ,susceptible/resistant hosts ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Adaptive Immunity ,Microbiology ,Asymptomatic ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Cellular and Infection Microbiology ,Leptospira ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,immunoparalysis ,medicine ,leptospirosis ,Animals ,Humans ,Pathogen ,Inflammation ,biology ,business.industry ,Zoonosis ,inflammatory response ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Leptospirosis ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Immunity, Innate ,3. Good health ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Infectious Diseases ,Cytokine ,cytokine storm ,Cytokines ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cytokine storm ,Biomarkers - Abstract
International audience; Leptospirosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Infected reservoir animals, typically mice and rats, are asymptomatic, carry the pathogen in their renal tubules, and shed pathogenic spirochetes in their urine, contaminating the environment. Humans are accidental hosts of pathogenic Leptospira. Most human infections are mild or asymptomatic. However, 10% of human leptospirosis cases develop into severe forms, including high leptospiremia, multi-organ injuries, and a dramatically increased mortality rate, which can relate to a sepsis-like phenotype. During infection, the triggering of the inflammatory response, especially through the production of cytokines, is essential for the early elimination of pathogens. However, uncontrolled cytokine production can result in a cytokine storm process, followed by a state of immunoparalysis, which can lead to sepsis and associated organ failures. In this review, the involvement of cytokine storm and subsequent immunoparalysis in the development of severe leptospirosis in susceptible hosts will be discussed. The potential contribution of major pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of tissue lesions and systemic inflammatory response, as well as the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in contributing to the onset of a deleterious immunosuppressive cascade will also be examined. Data from studies comparing susceptible and resistant mouse models will be included. Lastly, a concise discussion on the use of cytokines for therapeutic purposes or as biomarkers of leptospirosis severity will be provided.
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- 2018
7. A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity
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Vanina Guernier, Colleen L. Lau, Jackie Benschop, Cyrille Goarant, James Cook University ( JCU ), World Health Organisation ( WHO ), WHO(OMS), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Massey University, University of New Zeland, Australian National University ( ANU ), CLL was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship (1109035). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., James Cook University (JCU), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Australian National University (ANU)
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Bacterial Diseases ,Disease reservoir ,Topography ,Swine ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Zoonoses ,Epidemiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Dog Diseases ,Mammals ,Leptospira ,Islands ,Swine Diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,biology ,[ SDV.MHEP.ME ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Transmission (medicine) ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Zoonosis ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,[ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Ruminants ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Bacterial Pathogens ,[ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Vertebrates ,Livestock ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Equines ,Zoology ,Cattle Diseases ,Pacific Islands ,Microbiology ,[ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Bovines ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Horses ,Microbial Pathogens ,Disease Reservoirs ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Landforms ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Outbreak ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Geomorphology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical Diseases ,Amniotes ,Earth Sciences ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Cattle ,business - Abstract
Background The Pacific Islands have environmental conditions highly favourable for transmission of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis with highest incidence in the tropics, and Oceania in particular. Recent reports confirm the emergence and outbreaks of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, but the epidemiology and drivers of transmission of human and animal leptospirosis are poorly documented, especially in the more isolated and less developed islands. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis within 25 Pacific Islands (PIs) in Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, as well as Easter Island and Hawaii. We performed a literature search using four international databases for articles published between January 1947 and June 2017. We further included grey literature available on the internet. We identified 148 studies describing leptospirosis epidemiology, but the number of studies varied significantly between PIs. No data were available from four PIs. Human leptospirosis has been reported from 13 PIs, with 63% of all studies conducted in Hawaii, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Animal leptospirosis has been investigated in 19 PIs and from 14 host species, mainly pigs (18% of studies), cattle (16%) and dogs (11%). Only 13 studies provided information on both human and animal leptospirosis from the same location. Serology results were highly diverse in the region, both in humans and animals. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that, as in other tropical regions, leptospirosis is widespread in the PIs while showing some epidemiological heterogeneity. Data are scarce or absent from many PIs. Rodents, cattle, pigs and dogs are all likely to be important carriers, but the relative importance of each animal species in human infection needs to be clarified. Epidemiological surveys with appropriate sampling design, pathogen typing and data analysis are needed to improve our understanding of transmission patterns and to develop effective intervention strategies., Author summary Leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonosis that affects people and animals worldwide. It is common in tropical areas, especially in island ecosystems. Because islands are relatively small, isolated, and have limited health and diagnostic facilities, the disease burden is often underestimated. In this systematic review, we aimed to describe the extent of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, including the diversity of pathogens and animal reservoirs. We identified 148 studies from 21 Pacific islands that described Leptospira infection in humans or animals. In hospitalized febrile patients, leptospirosis was a common cause of the acute febrile illness, but accurate diagnosis was challenging and often delayed because symptoms overlapped with many other infectious diseases, and access to laboratory diagnosis was limited. A wide variety of animal hosts of Leptospira were identified, with rodents, cattle, pigs and dogs reported as important hosts; however, their relative importance in human infection remains unclear. Our review demonstrates that the epidemiology of leptospirosis varies across the Pacific Islands, but information about risk factors and transmission routes is currently limited. We recommend more integrated studies, using an eco-epidemiological approach that includes human, veterinary and environmental factors, and interactions between factors at different ecological scales.
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- 2018
8. Assessing the performance of remotely-sensed flooding indicators and their potential contribution to early warning for leptospirosis in Cambodia
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Philippe Buchy, Arnaud Tarantola, Sopheak Hem, Sopheak Sorn, Julien Ledien, Julien Cappelle, Rekol Huy, Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, National Center of Parasitology ( CNM ), National Malaria Center [Phnom Penh], Vaccines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques ( Agirs ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Rongeurs Sauvages – Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, INRA, VetAgro Sup ( USC1233/RS2GP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Center of Parasitology (CNM), Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (Cirad-Bios-UPR 22 AGIRs), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Rongeurs Sauvages, Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations - UR 1233 (RS2GP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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MESH: Remote Sensing Technology ,Epidemiology ,MESH: Risk Assessment ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,MESH : Leptospirosis ,Chi Square Tests ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental protection ,MESH: Early Diagnosis ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Analyse du risque ,Odds Ratio ,South east asia ,lcsh:Science ,MESH: Models, Theoretical ,Leptospira ,Warning system ,MESH: Floods ,Inondation ,MESH: Leptospirosis ,Leptospirosis ,Bacterial Pathogens ,[ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Geography ,Medical Microbiology ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Modèle mathématique ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Leptospirose ,Disease Surveillance ,Microbiology ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Humans ,Surveillance épidémiologique ,Statistical Methods ,Microbial Pathogens ,Statistical Hypothesis Testing ,MESH: Humans ,Bacteria ,MESH : Seasons ,[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MESH : Cambodia ,lcsh:R ,MESH : Humans ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Modèle de simulation ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Tropical Diseases ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Early Diagnosis ,Relative risk ,Remote Sensing Technology ,lcsh:Q ,Regression tree model ,Mathematics ,Bacterial Diseases ,Identification ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,lcsh:Medicine ,Fevers ,[ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,MESH : Early Diagnosis ,Remote Sensing ,Geographical Locations ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Flooding ,Zoonoses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH : Risk Assessment ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Flooding (psychology) ,Infectious Diseases ,Seasons ,Pathogens ,indicateur ,Cambodia ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Wet season ,Asia ,Infectious Disease Control ,Télédétection ,030231 tropical medicine ,Research and Analysis Methods ,MESH : Remote Sensing Technology ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Environmental health ,medicine ,MESH : Models, Theoretical ,MESH: Cambodia ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH : Floods ,MESH: Odds Ratio ,Floods ,13. Climate action ,Infectious Disease Surveillance ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,MESH : Odds Ratio ,Hydrology ,MESH: Seasons - Abstract
International audience; Remote sensing can contribute to early warning for diseases with environmental drivers, such as flooding for leptospirosis. In this study we assessed whether and which remotely-sensed flooding indicator could be used in Cambodia to study any disease for which flooding has already been identified as an important driver, using leptospirosis as a case study. The performance of six potential flooding indicators was assessed by ground truthing. The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was used to estimate the Risk Ratio (RR) of being infected by leptospirosis when exposed to floods it detected, in particular during the rainy season. Chi-square tests were also calculated. Another variable-the time elapsed since the first flooding of the year-was created using MNDWI values and was also included as explanatory variable in a generalized linear model (GLM) and in a boosted regression tree model (BRT) of leptospirosis infections, along with other explanatory variables. Interestingly, MNDWI thresholds for both detecting water and predicting the risk of leptospirosis seroconversion were independently evaluated at -0.3. Value of MNDWI greater than -0.3 was significantly related to leptospirosis infection (RR = 1.61 [1.10-1.52]; χ2 = 5.64, p-value = 0.02, especially during the rainy season (RR = 2.03 [1.25-3.28]; χ2 = 8.15, p-value = 0.004). Time since the first flooding of the year was a significant risk factor in our GLM model (p-value = 0.042). These results suggest that MNDWI may be useful as a risk indicator in an early warning remote sensing tool for flood-driven diseases like leptospirosis in South East Asia.
- Published
- 2017
9. Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of dengue transmission in an urban setting: An ecological study in Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Marc Despinoy, Morgan Mangeas, Alizé Mercier, Christophe E. Menkès, Birgit Nikolay, Magali Teurlai, Jorge Cano, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, François Taglioni, Raphaël M. Zellweger, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Recherche en Géographie de l'Université de La Réunion (CREGUR), Océan Indien : Espaces et Sociétés (OIES), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by Grant Ministere des Outre Mer, French State, subvention no 12-02412-D to MM and FT and an EU Grant Leonardo da Vinci to AM., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Zellweger, Raphaël M., Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Centre de Recherche en Géographie de l'Université de La Réunion ( CREGUR ), Océan Indien : Espaces et Sociétés ( OIES ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique ( PRODIG ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs ( PEPS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
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Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,Dengue virus ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,Incidence ,contexte socioéconomique ,Spatial epidemiology ,[ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,3. Good health ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Physical Sciences ,Cements ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Materials Science ,Environment ,Human Geography ,Microbiology ,[ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Population Metrics ,transmission de virus ,Binders ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Humans ,education ,Microbial Pathogens ,Socioeconomic status ,Materials by Attribute ,Survey Research ,Flaviviruses ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Ecological study ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,dengue ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,People and places ,RNA viruses ,Disease Vectors ,[INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE] ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mosquitoes ,Dengue fever ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,condition environnementale ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,infections à arbovirus ,Insects ,Infectious Diseases ,Research Design ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,Viruses ,Neighborhoods ,Topography, Medical ,Pathogens ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,Research Article ,Adult ,Census ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Arthropoda ,Oceania ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Research and Analysis Methods ,modèle mathématique ,New Caledonia ,Urbanization ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Animals ,Cities ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Population Biology ,arbovirus ,Socioeconomic Factors ,virus dengue type 2 ,Earth Sciences ,nouvelle calédonie ,Population density ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes extensive morbidity and economic loss in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Often present in cities, dengue virus is rapidly spreading due to urbanization, climate change and increased human movements. Dengue cases are often heterogeneously distributed throughout cities, suggesting that small-scale determinants influence dengue urban transmission. A better understanding of these determinants is crucial to efficiently target prevention measures such as vector control and education. The aim of this study was to determine which socioeconomic and environmental determinants were associated with dengue incidence in an urban setting in the Pacific. Methodology An ecological study was performed using data summarized by neighborhood (i.e. the neighborhood is the unit of analysis) from two dengue epidemics (2008–2009 and 2012–2013) in the city of Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia. Spatial patterns and hotspots of dengue transmission were assessed using global and local Moran’s I statistics. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association between dengue incidence and various socioeconomic and environmental factors throughout the city. Principal findings The 2008–2009 epidemic was spatially structured, with clusters of high and low incidence neighborhoods. In 2012–2013, dengue incidence rates were more homogeneous throughout the city. In all models tested, higher dengue incidence rates were consistently associated with lower socioeconomic status (higher unemployment, lower revenue or higher percentage of population born in the Pacific, which are interrelated). A higher percentage of apartments was associated with lower dengue incidence rates during both epidemics in all models but one. A link between vegetation coverage and dengue incidence rates was also detected, but the link varied depending on the model used. Conclusions This study demonstrates a robust spatial association between dengue incidence rates and socioeconomic status across the different neighborhoods of the city of Nouméa. Our findings provide useful information to guide policy and help target dengue prevention efforts where they are needed most., Author summary Dengue virus is rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, possibly aided by environmental change, urbanization and/or increase in human mobility. Already present in 120 countries, dengue virus causes extensive disease burden and generates large economic costs. As dengue is mosquito-borne, its transmission pattern is strongly influenced by climate. However, dengue cases are not always distributed evenly throughout cities, where climate can be assumed to be homogenous. This suggests that other factors which are heterogeneously distributed in cities could play a role in dengue transmission, such as socioeconomic status and environmental factors (both natural and built). Identifying those factors is crucial to develop and target dengue prevention interventions, such as mosquito control and education. Our study uses dengue incidence statistics from two large epidemics in Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, to investigate which socioeconomic or environmental factors correlate with dengue incidence in an urban setting. Dengue incidence was consistently higher in neighborhoods where socioeconomic status was lower (i.e. lower revenue or higher unemployment) and often higher where the proportion of single-family houses in all buildings was higher. Our data suggest that, if resources are limited, prevention measures should be targeted in priority towards neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status.
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- 2017
10. Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Kidneys during Chronic Leptospirosis in Reservoir and Susceptible Animal Models
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Michel Huerre, Cyrille Goarant, Didier Monchy, Sophie Geroult, Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert, Mariko Matsui, Louise Roche, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Département de Pathologie [Curie], Institut Curie [Paris], The research position of M.M. is financed by the Government of New Caledonia. This program is co-funded by the French Ministry of Researchand Technology, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Pasteur de Paris, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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0301 basic medicine ,Bacterial Diseases ,Chemokine ,Pathology ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Kidney ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Mice ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Zoonoses ,Immune Physiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Immune Response ,Mammals ,Leptospira ,Innate Immune System ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemotaxis ,Acute kidney injury ,Animal Models ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Cell Motility ,Infectious Diseases ,Vertebrates ,Hamsters ,Cytokines ,Anatomy ,Chemokines ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Hamster ,Mouse Models ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Rodents ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Inflammation ,Mesocricetus ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Kidneys ,Renal System ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Development ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical Diseases ,Fibrosis ,Bacterial Load ,Chronic infection ,Disease Models, Animal ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immune System ,Amniotes ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Kidney disease ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
International audience; Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans can be infected after exposure to contaminated urine of reservoir animals, usually rodents, regarded as typical asymptomatic carriers of leptospires. In contrast, accidental hosts may present an acute form of leptospirosis with a range of clinical symptoms including the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered as a possible AKI-residual sequela but little is known about the renal pathophysiology consequent to leptospirosis infection. Herein, we studied the renal morphological alterations in relation with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, comparing two experimental models of chronic leptospirosis, the golden Syrian hamster that survived the infection, becoming carrier of virulent leptospires, and the OF1 mouse, a usual reservoir of the bacteria. Animals were monitored until 28 days after injection with a virulent L. borgpetersenii serogroup Ballum to assess chronic infection. Hamsters developed morphological alterations in the kidneys with tubulointerstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Grading of lesions revealed higher scores in hamsters compared to the slight alterations observed in the mouse kidneys, irrespective of the bacterial load. Interestingly, pro-fibrotic TGF-β was downregulated in mouse kidneys. Moreover, cytokines IL-1β and IL-10, and chemokines MIP-1α/CCL3 and IP-10/CXCL-10 were significantly upregulated in hamster kidneys compared to mice. These results suggest a possible maintenance of inflammatory processes in the hamster kidneys with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in response to bacterial carriage, resulting in alterations of renal tissues. In contrast, lower expression levels in mouse kidneys indicated a better regulation of the inflammatory response and possible resolution processes likely related to resistance mechanisms.
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- 2016
11. Time trends and geographic variations for thyroid cancer in New Caledonia, a very high incidence area (1985–1999)
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Laurent Orsi, Thérèse Truong, Yannick Rougier, Denis Hémon, Dominique Dubourdieu, Chantal Guihenneuc-Jouyaux, Pascal Guénel, Epidémiologie environnementale des cancers, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytopathologie, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Secretariat, U754, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytopathologie [CHT Gaston-Bourret], Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Age Distribution ,0302 clinical medicine ,New Caledonia ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Medicine ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,Thyroid cancer ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Time trends ,Histological type ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Thyroid ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,[ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Carcinoma, Papillary ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,High incidence ,business ,Developed country ,Demography - Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence in New Caledonia is the highest reported in the world and is approximately 10-fold higher than in most developed countries. We describe the incidence patterns in this country according to histological and sociodemographic characteristics to give clues about potential etiologic factors. Another objective is to see whether the incidence figures are related to enhanced detection of small size carcinomas. The study included all 498 cases of thyroid cancer diagnosed in 1985-1999. Pathology reports were systematically reviewed to determine the histological type of the tumor and the size of the cancerous nodules. The incidence of carcinomas < or =10 mm was taken as an indicator of enhanced detection due to improved screening procedures. The age-standardized incidence rates in 1985-1999 were exceptionally high in Melanesian women (71.4/100,000) and men (10.4/100,000). The incidence increased three-fold in women from 1995 onwards. The increase in incidence was more striking for papillary carcinomas < or =10 mm than for large size carcinomas, but an increased incidence of carcinomas >10 mm was also observed among women. The analysis by municipality of residence in Melanesian women showed that the incidence was twice as high in 1995-1999 in the Loyalty Islands as in the rest of the country. The sharp increase of thyroid cancer incidence in 1985-1999 in New Caledonia was partly related to enhanced detection of small size carcinomas. The elevated incidence of thyroid cancers, as well as the ethnic and geographic disparities, may result from common environmental or lifestyle risk factors that need to be identified.
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- 2007
12. Modeling present and future climate risk of dengue outbreak, a case study in New Caledonia
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Noé Ochida, Morgan Mangeas, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Cyril Dutheil, Carole Forfait, Alexandre Peltier, Elodie Descloux, Christophe Menkes, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Direction des Affaires sanitaires et sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie [Nouméa] (DASS [Nouméa]), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale de la Nouvelle Calédonie (DIRNC), Météo-France, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Dumbea] (CHT), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], This study has received funding from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant n°ANR-19-CE35-0001) and from the French government’s The Pacific Fund., and ANR-19-CE35-0001,DenWolution,Dengue et Wolbachia: impacts sur l'évolution génétique virale et le profil épidémiologique(2019)
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[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,MESH: Dengue ,effective reproduction number ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,New Caledonia ,Humans ,MESH: Weather ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,Weather ,030304 developmental biology ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,0303 health sciences ,MESH: Humans ,Research ,MESH: Climate Change ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,prediction ,MESH: New Caledonia ,dengue ,Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,RC963-969 ,climate change ,13. Climate action ,disease outbreaks ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background Dengue dynamics result from the complex interactions between the virus, the host and the vector, all being under the influence of the environment. Several studies explored the link between weather and dengue dynamics and some investigated the impact of climate change on these dynamics. Most attempted to predict incidence rate at a country scale or assess the environmental suitability at a global or regional scale. Here, we propose a new approach which consists in modeling the risk of dengue outbreak at a local scale according to climate conditions and study the evolution of this risk taking climate change into account. We apply this approach in New Caledonia, where high quality data are available. Methods We used a statistical estimation of the effective reproduction number (Rt) based on case counts to create a categorical target variable : epidemic week/non-epidemic week. A machine learning classifier has been trained using relevant climate indicators in order to estimate the probability for a week to be epidemic under current climate data and this probability was then estimated under climate change scenarios. Results Weekly probability of dengue outbreak was best predicted with the number of days when maximal temperature exceeded 30.8°C and the mean of daily precipitation over 80 and 60 days prior to the predicted week respectively. According to scenario RCP8.5, climate will allow dengue outbreak every year in New Caledonia if the epidemiological and entomological contexts remain the same. Conclusion We identified locally relevant climatic factor driving dengue outbreaks in New Caledonia and assessed the inter-annual and seasonal risk of dengue outbreak under different climate change scenarios up to the year 2100. We introduced a new modeling approach to estimate the risk of dengue outbreak depending on climate conditions. This approach is easily reproducible in other countries provided that reliable epidemiological and climate data are available.
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- 2022
13. The emm-cluster typing system for group A Streptococcus identifies epidemiologic similarities across the Pacific region
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Ciara A Baker, Olivia O’Connor, Pierre R. Smeesters, Nathalie Amédéo, Barakat Ali Alsuwayyid, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Eric D'Ortenzio, Noémie Baroux, Andrew C Steer, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Group A Streptococcus Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie Bactérienne, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, and This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and the University of Melbourne.
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,Adolescent ,invasive diseases ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Group A ,emm cluster ,Young Adult ,New Caledonia ,Emm type ,Streptococcal Infections ,vaccine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Typing ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Disease burden ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Streptococcus ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant, Newborn ,typing ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Molecular Typing ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Carrier Proteins ,Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - Abstract
Background. Group A Streptococcus (GAS)–related disease is responsible for high mortality and morbidity in the Pacific region. The high diversity of circulating strains in this region has hindered vaccine development due to apparently low vaccine coverage of type-specific vaccines. Method. Prospective passive surveillance of all GAS isolates in New Caledonia was undertaken in 2012 using emm typing and emm-cluster typing. Molecular data were compared with the results from a prior study undertaken in the same country and with data from 2 other Pacific countries, Fiji and Australia. Results. A high incidence of invasive infection was demonstrated at 43 cases per 100 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval, 35–52 cases per 100 000 inhabitants). Three hundred eighteen GAS isolates belonging to 47 different emm types were collected. In Noumea, only 30% of the isolates recovered in 2012 belonged to an emm type that was present in the same city in 2006, whereas 69% of the isolates collected in 2012 belonged to an emm cluster present in 2006. When comparing New Caledonian, Australian, and Fijian data, very few common emm types were found, but 79%–86% of the isolates from each country belonged to an emm cluster present in all 3 countries. Avaccine that could protect against the 10 most frequent emm clusters in the Pacific region would potentially provide coverage ranging from 83% to 92%. Conclusions. This study confirms the high disease burden of GAS infection in New Caledonia and supports the added value of the emm-cluster typing system to analyze GAS epidemiology and to help inform global GAS vaccine formulation.
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- 2014
14. Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project
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Thomas Obadia, Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo, Veasna Duong, Ana I. Nuñez, Rosilainy S. Fernandes, Basile Kamgang, Liza Hery, Yann Gomard, Sandra R. Abbo, Davy Jiolle, Uros Glavinic, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Célestine M. Atyame, Nicolas Pocquet, Sébastien Boyer, Catherine Dauga, Marie Vazeille, André Yébakima, Michael T. White, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Patrick Mavingui, Anubis Vega-Rua, Eva Veronesi, Gorben P. Pijlman, Christophe Paupy, Núria Busquets, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Xavier De Lamballerie, Anna-Bella Failloux, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Epidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses - Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, VECCOTRA, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tis study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under ZIKAlliance grant agreement no. 734548., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Obadia, Thomas, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, University of Zurich, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal
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10078 Institute of Parasitology ,Laboratory of Virology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,610 Medicine & health ,1600 General Chemistry ,Genetics and Molecular Biology ,MESH: Zika Virus ,Mosquito Vectors ,Virus-host interactions ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Disease Outbreaks ,Laboratorium voor Virologie ,MESH: Zika Virus Infection ,1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Aedes ,600 Technology ,Life Science ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals ,Laboratory of Entomology ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,MESH: Humans ,Multidisciplinary ,Zika Virus Infection ,Virus–host interactions ,MESH: Infant, Newborn ,Infant, Newborn ,Zika Virus ,MESH: Aedes ,General Chemistry ,PE&RC ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,General Biochemistry ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,MESH: Mosquito Vectors ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Entomology - Abstract
First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika. Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of virus-induced brain damage in newborns, is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus. Here, Obadia et al. characterize ZIKV vector competence of 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 different countries to inform about epidemic risk. They find that African ZIKV strain shows higher transmission efficiency compared to American and Asian ZIKV strains and that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have highest susceptibility to infections, while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible.
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- 2022
15. Determinants of poor adherence to secondary antibiotic prophylaxis for rheumatic fever recurrence on Lifou, New Caledonia: a retrospective cohort study
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Noémie Baroux, Bernard Rouchon, Isabelle de Frémicourt, Brunelle Gasse, Eric D'Ortenzio, Jean-Michel Meunier, Centre médical de Wé, Circonscription médico-sociale de Drehu, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Agence Sanitaire et Sociale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Cellule du Rhumatisme Articulaire Aigu, Cabinet de Cardiologie, Direction de l'Action Communautaire et de l'Action Sanitaire de la Province des Iles, and This work was supported by Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie and Direction de l'Action Communautaire et de l'Action Sanitaire de la Province des Iles, Nouvelle-Calédonie
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Penicillins ,Insurance Coverage ,Young Adult ,New Caledonia ,Risk Factors ,Epidemiology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Public Health and Epidemiology ,Secondary Prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Medical history ,Antibiotic prophylaxis ,Medical History Taking ,education ,Rheumatic heart disease ,Retrospective Studies ,Family Characteristics ,education.field_of_study ,Insurance, Health ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Retrospective cohort study ,Patient compliance ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Acute rheumatic fever ,Rheumatic fever ,Female ,Melanesia ,Rheumatic Fever ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
BackgroundIncidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the Pacific region, including New Caledonia, are amongst the highest in the world. The main priority of long-term management of ARF or RHD is to ensure secondary prophylaxis is adhered to. The objectives of this study were to evaluate rates of adherence in people receiving antibiotic prophylaxis by intramuscular injections of penicillin in Lifou and to determine the factors associated with a poor adherence in this population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study and we included 70 patients receiving injections of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent ARF recurrence on the island of Lifou. Patients were classified as “good-adherent” when the rate of adherence was ≥80% of the expected injections and as “poor-adherent” when it was ResultsOur study showed that 46% of patients from Lifou receiving antibiotic prophylaxis for ARF or RHD had a rate of adherence ConclusionsTo improve adherence to secondary prophylaxis in Lifou, we therefore propose the following recommendations arising from the results of this study: i) identifying patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis without medical history of ARF to strengthen their therapeutic education and ii) improving the medical coverage in patients with ARF or RHD. We also recommend that the nurse designated for the ARF prevention program in Lifou coordinate an active recall system based on an updated local register. But the key point to improve adherence among Melanesian patients is probably to give appropriate information regarding the disease and the treatment, taking into account the Melanesian perceptions of the disease.
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- 2013
16. Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) in southwestern Pacific countries, with a first report from the Kingdom of Tonga
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Laurent Guillaumot, Francis Schaffner, Reynold Ofanoa, Narendra Singh, Lucien Swillen, Hervé Bossin, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ministry of Health, Retired WHO Technical Officer, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Institut Louis Malardé, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), the Government of New Caledonia, the Government of French Polynesia, the Environment Agency of Wallis and Futuna, the Ministry of Health of Cook Islands, the Ministry of Health of Tonga, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, and the French Development Agency., Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Zurich, and Guillaumot, L
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Male ,10078 Institute of Parasitology ,Entomology ,Aedes albopictus ,030231 tropical medicine ,Short Report ,2405 Parasitology ,Distribution (economics) ,610 Medicine & health ,Distribution ,Biology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aedes ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,600 Technology ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030304 developmental biology ,Introduction ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Tonga ,fungi ,Pacific islands ,virus diseases ,New guinea ,2725 Infectious Diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Phylogeography ,Infectious Diseases ,American samoa ,Vector (epidemiology) ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Female ,Parasitology ,Vector ,business - Abstract
Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is currently one of the most notorious globally invasive mosquito species. Its medical importance is well documented, and its fast expansion throughout most continents is being monitored with concern. It is generally assumed that its expansion through the Western Pacific island countries has not progressed since its establishment in Fiji in 1989. However, the current status of Ae. albopictus in the Pacific region is largely unknown. Findings According to data from the literature and our own observations, Ae. albopictus is currently present in the following countries of the southern Pacific region: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, and the Kingdom of Tonga, where it was first detected in July 2011. It is absent from New Caledonia and French Polynesia where routine entomological surveillance is carried out, and was not detected during entomological work in 2007, either on the Cook Islands or on the Wallis and Futuna Islands. The species was not reported from American Samoa in 2004, but it is mentioned as probably present in Vanuatu. This is the first report of Ae. albopictus in Tonga. Conclusions The introduction and establishment of Ae. albopictus in Tonga was expected due to the geographical proximity of this country to Fiji where the species is strongly established. The pathway of introduction is unknown. The expansion of Ae. albopictus in the Pacific region poses an increasing threat to public health given the role this mosquito plays as primary vector of emerging infectious diseases such as Chikungunya fever.
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- 2012
17. Rodent abundance dynamics and leptospirosis carriage in an area of hyper-endemicity in New Caledonia
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Julie Perez, Fabrice Brescia, Carine Mauron, Cyrille Goarant, Jérôme Becam, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactériologie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and This study was co-funded by the French Ministry of Research and Technology, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien and the Government of New Caledonia through the Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie
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Bacterial Diseases ,Male ,Disease reservoir ,Rodent ,Meteorological Concepts ,Epidemiology ,Applied Microbiology ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Abundance (ecology) ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Leptospira ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Leptospirosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Community Ecology ,Carrier State ,Medicine ,Female ,Public Health ,Seasons ,Leptospira interrogans ,Research Article ,Disease Ecology ,DNA, Bacterial ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Infectious Disease Control ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Zoology ,Ecological Risk ,Rodentia ,Microbiology ,Environmental Epidemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,New Caledonia ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Biology ,Disease Reservoirs ,030306 microbiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,Tropics ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Rats ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,13. Climate action - Abstract
Background Widespread but particularly incident in the tropics, leptospirosis is transmitted to humans directly or indirectly by virtually any Mammal species. However, rodents are recognized as the most important reservoir. In endemic regions, seasonal outbreaks are observed during hot rainy periods. In such regions, hot spots can be evidenced, where leptospirosis is “hyper-endemic”, its incidence reaching 500 annual cases per 100,000. A better knowledge of how rodent populations and their Leptospira prevalence respond to seasonal and meteorological fluctuations might help implement relevant control measures. Methodology/Principal Findings In two tribes in New Caledonia with hyper-endemic leptospirosis, rodent abundance and Leptospira prevalence was studied twice a year, in hot and cool seasons for two consecutive years. Highly contrasted meteorological situations, particularly rainfall intensities, were noted between the two hot seasons studied. Our results show that during a hot and rainy period, both the rodent populations and their Leptospira carriage were higher. This pattern was more salient in commensal rodents than in the sylvatic rats. Conclusions/Significance The dynamics of rodents and their Leptospira carriage changed during the survey, probably under the influence of meteorology. Rodents were both more numerous and more frequently carrying (therefore disseminating) leptospires during a hot rainy period, also corresponding to a flooding period with higher risks of human exposure to waters and watered soils. The outbreaks of leptospirosis in hyper-endemic areas could arise from meteorological conditions leading to both an increased risk of exposure of humans and an increased volume of the rodent reservoir. Rodent control measures would therefore be most effective during cool and dry seasons, when rodent populations and leptospirosis incidence are low., Author Summary In this study, we surveyed rodents and their Leptospira carriage in an area where human leptospirosis is hyper-endemic. We evidenced the well-known associations between specific rodent species and particular leptospires in both mice and rats. Overall, the observed Leptospira prevalence was in the range 18–47% depending on species, similar to other descriptions. However, significant variations were observed both in the abundance of rodents and their Leptospira carriage, one hot period with heavy rain being associated with both a highest abundance and an increased prevalence. Similar meteorological conditions could lead to increased leptospires dispersal by the rodent reservoir and increased exposure of humans to risk situations (e.g. flood, mud). Because rodent control measures were demonstrated elsewhere to be cost-effective if correctly planned and implemented, this contribution to a better knowledge of rodent and leptospires dynamics provides useful information and may in turn allow to develop relevant rodent control actions aimed at reducing the burden of human leptospirosis.
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- 2011
18. Pathogenic Leptospires Limit Dendritic Cell Activation Through Avoidance of TLR4 and TRIF Signaling
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Cagliero, Julie, Vernel-Pauillac, Frédérique, Murray, Gerald, Adler, Ben, Matsui, Mariko, Werts, Catherine, Bonhomme, Delphine, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Monash University [Melbourne]
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Leptospira ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Mammals ,Immunology ,Mice, Transgenic ,Dendritic Cells ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,DC SIGN ,Toll-Like Receptor 4 ,Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ,Mice ,CD40 ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Leptospirosis ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,MHC-II ,TRIF ,[SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Immune Evasion - Abstract
Leptospira interrogans is a bacterial species responsible for leptospirosis, a neglected worldwide zoonosis. Mice and rats are resistant and can become asymptomatic carriers, whereas humans and some other mammals may develop severe forms of leptospirosis. Uncommon among spirochetes, leptospires contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their outer membrane. LPS is highly immunogenic and forms the basis for a large number of serovars. Vaccination with inactivated leptospires elicits a protective immunity, restricted to serovars with related LPS. This protection that lasts in mice, is not long lasting in humans and requires annual boosts. Leptospires are stealth pathogens that evade the complement system and some pattern recognition receptors from the Toll-like (TLR) and Nod-Like families, therefore limiting antibacterial defense. In macrophages, leptospires totally escape recognition by human TLR4, and escape the TRIF arm of the mouse TLR4 pathway. However, very little is known about the recognition and processing of leptospires by dendritic cells (DCs), although they are crucial cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. Here we tested the activation of primary DCs derived from human monocytes (MO-DCs) and mouse bone marrow (BM-DCs) 24h after stimulation with saprophytic or different pathogenic virulent or avirulent L. interrogans. We measured by flow cytometry the expression of DC-SIGN, a lectin involved in T-cell activation, co-stimulation molecules and MHC-II markers, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. We found that exposure to leptospires, live or heat-killed, activated dendritic cells. However, pathogenic L. interrogans, especially from the Icterohaemorraghiae Verdun strain, triggered less marker upregulation and less cytokine production than the saprophytic Leptospira biflexa. In addition, we showed a better activation with avirulent leptospires, when compared to the virulent parental strains in murine BM-DCs. We did not observe this difference in human MO-DCs, suggesting a role for TLR4 in DC stimulation. Accordingly, using BM-DCs from transgenic deficient mice, we showed that virulent Icterohaemorraghiae and Manilae serovars dampened DC activation, at least partly, through the TLR4 and TRIF pathways. This work shows a novel bacterial immune evasion mechanism to limit DC activation and further illustrates the role of the leptospiral LPS as a virulence factor.
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- 2022
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19. MALDI-TOF MS: An effective tool for a global surveillance of dengue vector species
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Antsa Rakotonirina, Morgane Pol, Fara Nantenaina Raharimalala, Valentine Ballan, Malia Kainiu, Sébastien Boyer, Sosiasi Kilama, Sébastien Marcombe, Sylvie Russet, Emilie Barsac, Rama Vineshwaran, Malia Kaleméli Selemago, Vincent Jessop, Geneviève Robic, Romain Girod, Paul T. Brey, Julien Colot, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Vincent Richard, Nicolas Pocquet, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Écologie et Émergence des Pathogènes Transmis par les Arthropodes / Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur du Laos, Ministry of Health [Fiji], Agence de Santé des îles Wallis & Futuna, Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and The project leading to this publication received funding from the French Fund for Economic, Social, Cultural and Scientific Cooperation in the Pacific ('Pacific Fund') and the and the Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia. AR obtained a scholarship from the Institut Pasteur International Network (Bourse Calmette & Yersin).
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[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,Dengue ,Multidisciplinary ,Internationality ,Aedes ,Zika Virus Infection ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Commerce ,Humans ,Animals ,Mosquito Vectors ,Zika Virus ,Arboviruses - Abstract
Dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses cause significant human public health burdens in the world. These arboviruses are transmitted by vector mosquito species notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In the Pacific region, more vector species of arboviruses belonging to the Scutellaris Group are present. Due to the expansion of human travel and international trade, the threat of their dispersal in other world regions is on the rise. Strengthening of entomological surveillance ensuring rapid detection of introduced vector species is therefore required in order to avoid their establishment and the risk of arbovirus outbreaks. This surveillance relies on accurate species identification. The aim of this study was to assess the use of the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a tool for an international identification and surveillance of these mosquito vectors of arboviruses. Field-mosquitoes belonging to 8 species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Aedes polynesiensis, Aedes scutellaris, Aedes pseudoscutellaris, Aedes malayensis, Aedes futunae and Culex quinquefasciatus) from 6 countries in the Pacific, Asian and Madagascar, were included in this study. Analysis provided evidence that a MALDI-TOF database created using mosquitoes from the Pacific region allowed suitable identification of mosquito species from the other regions. This technic was as efficient as the DNA sequencing method in identifying mosquito species. Indeed, with the exception of two Ae. pseudoscutellaris, an exact species identification was obtained for all individual mosquitoes. These findings highlight that the MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool that could be used for a global comprehensive arbovirus vector surveillance.
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- 2022
20. Viral evolution sustains a dengue outbreak of enhanced severity
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Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Marie-Amélie Goujart, Sylvie Laumond, Antoine Biron, Ingrid Marois, Arnaud Tarantola, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Elodie Descloux, Catherine Inizan, Marine Minier, Carole Forfait, Matthieu Prot, Olivia O’Connor, Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Dumbea] (CHT), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (CNRS-UMR2000), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidemiology - Epidémiologie [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], The current work was supported by an internal seed-funding from the Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia as well as the Arbo-VIRTUESS project funded by the Actions Concertées Interpasteuriennes (project number ACIP 2014-053). ESL acknowledges funding from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (INCEPTION program, Investissements d'Avenir grant ANR-16-CONV-0005). This study has received funding from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Investissement d'Avenir program for the Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n°ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., We warmly thank the Clinical Research Department of the Centre for Translational Research at Institut Pasteur in Paris for their support in ethic procedures. We thank Fabiana Gámbaro and Deborah Delaune for their contribution to whole-genome sequencing. We thank Ludivine Grzelak for her support in the implementation of in vitro replication kinetics., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS)
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0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,Virus Replication ,Severity of Illness Index ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Disease Outbreaks ,Dengue fever ,Dengue ,Drug Discovery ,hepatitis ,Phylogeny ,Severe dengue ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,whole-genome sequencing ,Viral evolution ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,RNA, Viral ,Research Article ,Genotype ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,viral fitness ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,New Caledonia ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hepatitis ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Genetic Variation ,Outbreak ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,Dengue Virus ,medicine.disease ,Dengue outbreak ,030104 developmental biology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Mutation ,Viral fitness ,Parasitology - Abstract
Compared to the previous 2013–2014 outbreak, dengue 2016–2017 outbreak in New Caledonia was characterized by an increased number of severe forms associated with hepatic presentations. In this study, we assessed the virological factors associated with this enhanced severity. Whole-genome sequences were retrieved from dengue virus (DENV)-1 strains collected in 2013–2014 and from severe and non-severe patients in 2016–2017. Fitness, hepatic tropism and cytopathogenicity of DENV 2016–2017 strains were compared to those of 2013–2014 strains using replication kinetics in the human hepatic cell line HuH7. Whole-genome sequencing identified four amino acid substitutions specific to 2016–2017 strains and absent from 2013–2014 strains. Three of these mutations occurred in predicted T cell epitopes, among which one was also a B cell epitope. Strains retrieved from severe forms did not exhibit specific genetic features. DENV strains from 2016–2017 exhibited a trend towards reduced replicative fitness and cytopathogenicity in vitro compared to strains from 2013–2014. Overall, the 2016–2017 dengue outbreak in New Caledonia was associated with a viral genetic evolution which had limited impact on DENV hepatic tropism and cytopathogenicity. These mutations, however, may have modified DENV strains antigenicity, altering the anti-DENV immune response in some patients, in turn favoring the development of severe forms. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04615364.
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- 2021
21. Clinical Evaluation of the Modified Faine Criteria in Patients Admitted with Suspected Leptospirosis to the Territorial Hospital, New Caledonia, 2018 to 2019
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Hélène Guibreteau, Arnaud Tarantola, Cyrille Goarant, Shirley Gervolino, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Julien Colot, Cécile Cazorla, Elise Klement-Frutos, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
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Adult ,Male ,030231 tropical medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,3. Good health ,Tertiary Care Centers ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,New Caledonia ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Case-Control Studies ,Virology ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Female ,Leptospirosis ,Parasitology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Symptom Assessment ,Research Article ,Aged - Abstract
Leptospirosis is endemic in New Caledonia. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and its evolution can be fatal. Leptospirosis requires specific management before biological confirmation. Modified Faine criteria (Faine Score) have been suggested to diagnose leptospirosis on epidemiological (parts A and B) and biological (part C) criteria. The main objective of our study was to assess the relevance of the epidemiological–clinical modified Faine score, parts A and B (MF A + B), in patients with suspected leptospirosis in New Caledonia. A monocentric case–control study was conducted in suspect patients for whom a Leptospira polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done within the first 7 days of signs onset at the tertiary hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. Cases and control subjects were matched 1:2 in the gender and age categories. Bivariate, and then multivariable, analyses studied the association between the MF A + B score and a positive Leptospira PCR test, adjusted on the variables retained. In all, 35 cases and 70 control subjects matched for age and gender were analyzed. Multivariable analysis by logistic regression found a significant association between an MF A + B score taken from the categories “possible leptospirosis” (score, 20–25) and “presumed leptospirosis” (score, > 26), and the case or control subject status (P < 0.0001). Model performance was high, with an area under the curve value of 99.27%, 93.55% sensitivity, and 96.36% specificity, which classified subjects correctly in 95.35% of cases. Our study suggests using the MF A + B score to identify possible cases of leptospirosis and initiate antibiotic therapy before biological confirmation in New Caledonia. This score should be evaluated in areas where more differential diagnoses exist and where PCR is not widely available.
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- 2022
22. BioRssay : an R package for analyses of bioassays and probit graphs
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Pierrick Labbé, Pascal Milesi, Nicolas Pocquet, Piyal Karunarathne, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IMBIM/NBIS/SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, This study was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-20-CE34-0007. Open access funding provided by Uppsala University., and ANR-20-CE34-0007,ArchR,Architecture genetique de la résistance aux insecticides: de la génomique à la transmission vectorielle(2020)
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Lethal exposure ,Short Report ,Probit ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Biostatistics ,Bioassays ,Lethal Dose 50 ,Statistics ,Lethal dose ,Animals ,Humans ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Probit analysis ,Mathematics ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Exposure-response ,Miljövetenskap ,Exposure–response ,Dose-response ,R package ,Biological Assay ,Public Health ,Dose–response ,Software ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Dose-response relationships reflect the effects of a substance on organisms, and are widely used in broad research areas, from medicine and physiology, to vector control and pest management in agronomy. Furthermore, reporting on the response of organisms to stressors is an essential component of many public policies (e.g. public health, environment), and assessment of xenobiotic responses is an integral part of the World Health Organization recommendations. Building upon an R script that we previously made available, and considering its popularity, we have now developed a software package in the R environment, BioRssay, to efficiently analyze dose-response relationships. It has more user-friendly functions, more flexibility, and proposes an easy interpretation of the results. The functions in the BioRssay package are built on robust statistical analyses to compare the dose/exposure-response of various bioassays and effectively visualize them in probit-graphs.
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- 2022
23. Unraveling the invisible leptospirosis in mainland Southeast Asia and its fate under climate change
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Douchet, Léa, Goarant, Cyrille, Mangeas, Morgan, Menkes, Christophe, Hinjoy, Soawapak, Herbreteau, Vincent, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Public Health [Thailand], This work was funded by the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), in the framework of the ECOMORE II project (http://ecomore.org/), coordinated by Institut Pasteur., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
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[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Spatial modelling ,Climate Change ,Temperature ,Environment ,Waterborne ,Zoonosis ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Regional scale ,Humans ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Leptospirosis ,[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology ,Global change ,Asia, Southeastern ,Forecasting - Abstract
International audience; Leptospirosis is a neglected waterborne zoonosis of growing concern in tropical and low-income regions. Endemic in Southeast Asia, its distribution and environmental factors such as climate controlling its dynamics remain poorly documented. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the current and future leptospirosis burden at a local scale in mainland Southeast Asia. We adjusted machine-learning models on incidence reports from the Thai surveillance system to identify environmental determinants of leptospirosis. The explanatory variables tested in our models included climate, topographic, land cover and soil variables. The model performing the best in cross-validation was used to estimate the current incidence regionally in Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. It then allowed to predict the spatial distribution of leptospirosis future burden from 2021 to 2100 based on an ensemble of CMIP6 climate model projections and 4 Shared Socio-economics Pathways ranging from the most optimistic to the no-climate policy outcomes (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Leptospirosis incidence was best estimated by 10 environmental variables: four landscape-, four rainfall-, two temperature-related variables. Of all tested scenario, the worst-case scenario of climate change (SSP5-8.5) surprisingly appeared as the best-case scenario for the future of leptospirosis since it would induce a significant global decline in disease incidence in Southeast Asia mainly driven by the increasing temperatures. These global patterns are however contrasted regionally with some regions showing increased incidence in the future. Our work highlights climate and the environment as major drivers of leptospirosis incidence in Southeast Asia. Applying our model to regions where leptospirosis is not routinely monitored suggests an overlooked burden in the region. As our model focuses on leptospirosis responses to environmental drivers only, some other factors, such as poverty, lifestyle or behavioral changes, could further influence these estimated future patterns.
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- 2021
24. Wolbachia detection in Aedes aegypti using MALDI-TOF MS coupled to artificial intelligence
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Valentine Ballan, Antsa Rakotonirina, Nicolas Pocquet, Cédric Caruzzo, Julien Colot, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Vincent Richard, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Marie Marin, Malia Kainiu, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Groupe Bactériologie Expérimentale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), The project leading to this publication received funding from the French Fund for Economic, Social, Cultural and Scientific cooperation in the Pacific ('Pacific Fund') and the Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia. AR obtained a scholarship from the Institut Pasteur International Network (Bourse Calmette & Yersin)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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Mosquito Control ,Desorption ionization ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030231 tropical medicine ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Mosquito Vectors ,Aedes aegypti ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Dengue fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aedes ,Artificial Intelligence ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Chikungunya ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Mass spectrometry ,Biological techniques ,fungi ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Medicine ,Wolbachia ,Genetic techniques - Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of arboviruses like dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Attempts to reduce arboviruses emergence focusing on Ae. aegypti control has proven challenging due to the increase of insecticide resistances. An emerging strategy which consists of releasing Ae. aegypti artificially infected with Wolbachia in natural mosquito populations is currently being developed. The monitoring of Wolbachia-positive Ae. aegypti in the field is performed in order to ensure the program effectiveness. Here, the reliability of the Matrix‑Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization‑Time Of Flight (MALDI‑TOF) coupled with the machine learning methods like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect Wolbachia in field Ae. aegypti was assessed for the first time. For this purpose, laboratory reared and field Ae. aegypti were analyzed. The results showed that the CNN recognized Ae. aegypti spectral patterns associated with Wolbachia-infection. The MALDI-TOF coupled with the CNN (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 99%, accuracy = 97%) was more efficient than the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and as efficient as qPCR for Wolbachia detection. It therefore represents an interesting method to evaluate the prevalence of Wolbachia in field Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
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- 2021
25. Flying Fox Hemolytic Fever, Description of a New Zoonosis Caused by Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis
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Denise Desoutter, Julien Colot, Elise Klement-Frutos, Cécile Cazorla, Vincent Bossi, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Malik Oedin, Bernard Davoust, Elodie Descloux, Anthony Levasseur, Sylvie Laumond, Martine Chauvet, Isabelle Mermoud, Didier Raoult, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Oleg Mediannikov, A. Merlet, Fabrice Brescia, Marie-Amélie Goujart, Luca Antonini, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Dumbea] (CHT), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Groupe Bactériologie Expérimentale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires, Alimentaires et Rurales (DAVAR), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Direction des Affaires sanitaires et sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie [Nouméa] (DASS [Nouméa]), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), This work was supported by Public Health Funds from New Caledonia, the Méditerranée-Infection Foundation and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche under reference Investissements d’Avenir Méditerranée Infection 10-IAHU-03, and Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and European funding Fonds européen de développement régional (FEDER) IHUBIOTK., ANR-10-IAHU-0003,Méditerranée Infection,I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection(2010), and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Anemia ,030106 microbiology ,bats ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,MESH: Mycoplasma ,Mycoplasma ,New Caledonia ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Chiroptera ,medicine ,Flying fox (fish) ,Animals ,Humans ,Mycoplasma Infections ,MESH: Animals ,MESH: Phylogeny ,Phylogeny ,autoimmune hemolytic anemia ,Retrospective Studies ,hemophagocytosis ,Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis ,MESH: Humans ,biology ,business.industry ,Zoonosis ,MESH: Chiroptera ,MESH: Retrospective Studies ,MESH: Mycoplasma Infections ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Pteropus ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Nycteribiidae ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Candidatus ,Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ,business - Abstract
Background Hemotropic mycoplasmas, previously classified in the genus Eperythrozoon, have been reported as causing human infections in Brazil, China, Japan, and Spain. Methods In 2017, we detected DNA from Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in the blood of a Melanesian patient from New Caledonia presenting with febrile splenomegaly, weight loss, life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemophagocytosis. The full genome of the bacterium was sequenced from a blood isolate. Subsequently, we retrospectively (2011–2017) and prospectively (2018–2019) tested patients who had been hospitalized with a similar clinico-biological picture. In addition, as these patients had been in contact with frugivorous bats (authorized under conditions for hunting and eating in New Caledonia), we investigated the role of these animals and their biting flies by testing them for hemotropic mycoplasmas. Results There were 15 patients found to be infected by this hemotropic mycoplasma. Among them, 4 (27%) died following splenectomy performed either for spontaneous spleen rupture or to cure refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The bacterium was cultivated from the patient’s blood. The full genome of the Neocaledonian Candidatus M. haemohominis strain differed from that of a recently identified Japanese strain. Of 40 tested Pteropus bats, 40% were positive; 100% of collected bat flies Cyclopodia horsfieldi (Nycteribiidae, Diptera) were positive. Human, bat, and dipteran strains were highly similar. Conclusions The bacterium being widely distributed in bats, Candidatus M. haemohominis, should be regarded as a potential cause of severe infections in humans.
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- 2021
26. HIV-1 hijacks the cell extracellular matrix to spread collectively and efficiently between T lymphocytes
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Frédéric Tangy, Faroudy Boufassa, Alexandre Dufour, Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin, M. Mesel-Lemoine, Gianfranco Pancino, Adeline Mallet, Asier Sáez-Cirión, M.-I. Thoulouze, A. Desrames, Annie David, Olivier Lambotte, Félix A. Rey, M. Caillet, P. Bomme, Hugo Mouquet, C. Inizan, K. Bourdic, Thibault Lagache, Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université (SU), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Microscopie ultrastructurale - Ultrapole (CITECH), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Réponse humorale aux pathogènes, Analyse d'images biologiques - Biological Image Analysis (BIA), Columbia University [New York], This work was funded by grants from l’AgenceNationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hépatites (ANRS), l’Institut Pasteur (PTR-445), as well asby institutional grants from Institut Pasteur and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS). CI was supported by an Allocation de Recherche du Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de laRecherche et de la Technologie and by a bourse from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. MCwas supported by a fellowship from AXA Research fund, AD by a fellowship from l’Institut Pasteur(PTR-445), and TL by a Roux Fellowship (Institut Pasteur). We gratefully acknowledge the financialsupport of the FranceBioImaging infrastructure network supported by the French National ResearchAgency (ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the future and ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and theRégion Ile-de-France (program DIM-Malinf). The support of E. Mottez (Center for HumanImmunology, Institut Pasteur) and A.M. Rey-Cuillé (ANRS) is thankfully acknowledged., ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010)
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Infectivity ,biology ,Cell-Extracellular Matrix ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cell ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cell biology ,Extracellular matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In vivo ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Viral spread ,Antibody - Abstract
Collective transmission via structures containing several virions has recently emerged as a highly efficient mode of viral spread. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 spreads between T lymphocytes in the form of viral particles colonies that are concentrated and sheltered in an extracellular matrix (ECM) lattice enabling their collective transmission upon cell contacts. Intrinsically, ECM-clustered viruses infect T lymphocytes more efficiently than individual viral particles. They preserve HIV-1 transmission from antiretroviral treatment (ArT) and potent broadly neutralizing antibodies. We also show that collagen induced by HIV-1 infection controls the clustering of virions and their collective spread, thereby enhancing infectivity. CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected patients produce and transmit ECM-virus clusters, supporting that they could be involved in vivo. This study provides new insights into modes of HIV-1 transmission and identifies a novel fundamental role for collagen in this process. HIV-1 spread via ECM-virus clusters may have important implications for viral dissemination and persistence, including during therapy.
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- 2021
27. Where Epigenetics Meets Food Intake: Their Interaction in the Development/Severity of Gout and Therapeutic Perspectives
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Philippe T, Georgel, Philippe, Georgel, Marshall University, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Work in PG’s lab is supported by the Strasbourg’s Interdisciplinary Thematic Instsitute (ITI) for Precision Medicine, TRANSPLANTEX NG, as part of the ITI 2021-2028 program of the University of Strasbourg, CNRS and INSERM, funded by IdEx Unistra (ANR-10-IDEX-0002) and SFRI-STRAT’US (ANR-20-SFRI-0012), the INSERM UMR_S 1109, the University of Strasbourg (IDEX UNISTRA), the European regional development fund (European Union) INTERREG V program (project PERSONALIS) and the MSD-Avenir grant AUTOGEN. Work in PTG’s lab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation, Award Number: 1458952 (Proposal Title: RII Track-1: Gravitational Wave Astronomy and the Appalachian Freshwater Initiative), the Marshall University Genomics Core, Bioinformatics Core and the WV-INBRE grant (P20GM103434) NIH/NIGMS., ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), ANR-20-SFRI-0012,STRAT'US,Façonner les talents en formation et en recherche à l'Université de Strasbourg(2020), Matsui, Mariko, Initiative d'excellence - Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg - - UNISTRA2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID, and Façonner les talents en formation et en recherche à l'Université de Strasbourg - - STRAT'US2020 - ANR-20-SFRI-0012 - SFRI - VALID
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Inflammation ,musculoskeletal diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,food intake ,epigenetics ,genetic variants ,Immunology ,trained immunity 2 ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Review ,hyperuricemia ,[SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Diet ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,gout ,[SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system ,[SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,Humans ,[SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity - Abstract
International audience; Gout is the most frequent form of inflammatory arthritis in the world. Its prevalence is particularly elevated in specific geographical areas such as in the Oceania/Pacific region and is rising in the US, Europe, and Asia. Gout is a severe and painful disease, in which co-morbidities are responsible for a significant reduction in life expectancy. However, gout patients remain ostracized because the disease is still considered “self-inflicted”, as a result of unhealthy lifestyle and excessive food and alcohol intake. While the etiology of gout flares is clearly associated with the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits, several major questions remain unanswered, such as the relationships between diet, hyperuricemia and gout flares or the mechanisms by which urate induces inflammation. Recent advances have identified gene variants associated with gout incidence. Nevertheless, genetic origins of gout combined to diet-related possible uric acid overproduction account for the symptoms in only a minor portion of patients. Hence, additional factors must be at play. Here, we review the impact of epigenetic mechanisms in which nutrients (such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and/or dietary-derived metabolites (like urate) trigger anti/pro-inflammatory responses that may participate in gout pathogenesis and severity. We propose that simple dietary regimens may be beneficial to complement therapeutic management or contribute to the prevention of flares in gout patients.
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- 2021
28. Prevention and control of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a Pacific territory: Feedback from New Caledonia between 2004 and 2020
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Camille Cheval, Antoine Biron, Alexandre Bourles, Cécile Cazorla, Frédérique Ducrocq, Caroline Fijalkowski, Claire Fouquet, Cyrille Goarant, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Julien Colot, Sylvie Chevalier, Christine Le Provost, Philippe Saliou, Benoit Marot, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Dumbea] (CHT), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction des Affaires sanitaires et sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie [Nouméa] (DASS [Nouméa]), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multi drug resistant bacteria ,Enterococcus faecium ,Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae ,medicine.disease_cause ,Feedback ,Multi-drug-resistant bacteria ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,New Caledonia ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Infection control ,Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Outbreak ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,3. Good health ,Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,Infectious Diseases ,Vancomycin ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
International audience; ObjectiveCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin (VRE) constitute major threats to public health worldwide. The Pacific area is concerned and has implemented strategies to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, accurate epidemiological data are rarely reported. Our study aimed to present the strategies applied to prevent and control the spread of highly resistant bacteria in the Pacific territory of New Caledonia.Patients and methodsCohort prospective study of all cases of highly resistant bacteria (HRB) isolated in New Caledonia from September 2004 to December 2020. Evaluation of the impact of the infection control measures implemented in healthcare settings: screening strategy, cohorting unit, IT tools and control of antibiotic prescriptions.ResultsA total of 346 patients with HRB were identified. Most of them (63.0%) were infected or colonized by VRE (n = 218) and 128 by CRE. While the number of CREs significantly increased from 2013 to 2020 (P < 0.0001), control procedures have limited their dissemination. Most patients were colonized by IMP-4-CRE (n = 124/128). The incidence density of VRE significantly decreased from 38.52 for 100,000 hospitalisation-days in 2015 to 4.19 for 100,000 hospitalisation-days in 2019 due to systematic screening of patients before sanitary repatriation from Australia and cohorting implementation. The risk of VRE diffusion is now well under control.ConclusionsOur study confirms that it is possible to control the spread of AMR in a circumscribed territory by means of a global control strategy involving screening, cohorting unit, IT tools and antibiotic prescription controls.
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- 2021
29. Ending the Neglect of Treatable Bacterial Zoonoses Responsible for Non-Malaria Fevers
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Cyrille Goarant, Dellagi, Koussay, Picardeau, Mathieu, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Leptospirose - Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (UREL), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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Bacterial Zoonoses ,tropical countries ,Bacteria ,Fever ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,leptospirosis ,neglected tropical diseases ,Brucellosis ,antibiotics ,Perspectives - Abstract
International audience; Bacterial zoonotic diseases such as leptospirosis, Q fever, melioidosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and brucellosis are increasingly recognized causes of non-malaria acute fevers. However, though readily treatable with antibiotics, these diseases are commonly misdiagnosed resulting in poor outcomes in patients. There is a considerable deficit in the understanding of basic aspects of the epidemiology of these neglected diseases and diagnostic tests for these zoonotic bacterial pathogens are not always available in resource-poor settings. Raising awareness about these emerging bacterial zoonoses is directly beneficial to the patients by allowing a test-and-treat approach and is essential to control these life-threatening diseases.
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- 2021
30. Potential role of vector-mediated natural selection in dengue virus genotype/lineage replacements in two epidemiologically contrasted settings
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Sebastian Lequime, Saraden In, Thavry Hoem, Louis Lambrechts, Nicolas Pocquet, Veasna Duong, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Marine Minier, Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna, Tey Putita Ou, Fabien Aubry, Sébastien Boyer, Olivia O’Connor, Sylvie Russet, Philippe Dussart, Stéphanie Dabo, Dominique Girault, Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Medical and Veterinary Entomology - Entomologie médciale et vétérinaire [Phnom Penh, Cambodia], Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), This work was funded by the incentive grant, Inter-Pasteurian Concerted Actions (ACIP-06-2016). LL and FA were supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZikaPLAN grant agreement no. 734584 and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., We gratefully thank the Clinical Research Department of the Center for Translational Research in Paris for its support in ethics procedures. We thank Laurent Wantiez and Katie Anders for their helpful discussion on statistical approaches. We also thank Louis Cognet for his contribution to samples handling., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 734584,ZikaPLAN, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0301 basic medicine ,Lineage (genetic) ,Genotype ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Mosquito Vectors ,Aedes aegypti ,Dengue virus ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,competition assay ,Disease Outbreaks ,Dengue ,03 medical and health sciences ,New Caledonia ,Aedes ,Immunity ,genotype/lineage replacement ,Virology ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Selection, Genetic ,Saliva ,Evolutionary dynamics ,Phylogeny ,Genetics ,Natural selection ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,transmission fitness ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Vector (epidemiology) ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Parasitology ,Genetic Fitness ,sense organs ,Cambodia ,Research Article - Abstract
International audience; Dengue virus (DENV) evolutionary dynamics are characterized by frequent DENV genotype/lineage replacements, potentially associated with changes in disease severity and human immunity. New Caledonia (NC) and Cambodia, two contrasted epidemiological settings, respectively experienced a DENV-1 genotype IV to I replacement in 2012 and a DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3 to 4 replacement in 2005-2007, both followed by a massive dengue outbreak. However, their underlying evolutionary drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these genotype/lineage switches reflected a higher transmission fitness of the replacing DENV genotype/lineage in the mosquito vector using in vivo competition experiments. For this purpose, field-derived Aedes aegypti from NC and Cambodia were orally challenged with epidemiologically relevant pairs of four DENV-1 genotype I and IV strains from NC or four DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3 and 4 strains from Cambodia, respectively. The relative transmission fitness of each DENV-1 genotype/lineage was measured by quantitative RT-PCR for infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Results showed a clear transmission fitness advantage of the replacing DENV-1 genotype I from NC within the vector. A similar but more subtle pattern was observed for the DENV-1 lineage 4 replacement in Cambodia. Our results support the hypothesis that vector-driven selection contributed to the DENV-1 genotype/lineage replacements in these two contrasted epidemiological settings, and reinforce the idea that natural selection taking place within the mosquito vector plays an important role in DENV short-term evolutionary dynamics.
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- 2021
31. Non-Invasive versus Invasive Samples for Zika Virus Surveillance: A Comparative Study in New Caledonia and French Guiana in 2015-2016
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Sylvia Broeders, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Morgane Pol, Nancy H. C. Roosens, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Marie-Alice Fraiture, Dominique Rousset, Els Vandermassen, Wim Coucke, Antoine Biron, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, This study was financed by 'International Network Institut Pasteur' thought the project 'Evaluation of the use of non-invasive tests for early screening and survey of arboviruses (Arbo-VIRTUESS)' (ACIP-2014-053)., and The authors would like to thank Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (Institut Pasteur) for their help in the ethical procedures. The authors would like also to thank Julie Peter for her participation.
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,QH301-705.5 ,Arbovirus Infections ,public health concern ,030106 microbiology ,diagnostic ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Arbovirus ,Article ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Virology ,medicine ,TaqMan ,Chikungunya ,Biology (General) ,biology ,business.industry ,RT-qPCR ,Non invasive ,Outbreak ,Serum samples ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,business ,serum ,urine and saliva samples - Abstract
International audience; Zika virus, an arbovirus responsible for major outbreaks, can cause serious health issues, such as neurological diseases. In the present study, different types of samples (serum, saliva, and urine), collected in 2015–2016 in New Caledonia and French Guiana from 53 patients presenting symptoms and clinical signs triggered by arbovirus infections, were analyzed using a recently developed, and in-house validated, 4-plex RT-qPCR TaqMan method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed in order to potentially establish recommendations regarding the choice of samples type to use for an efficient and early stage Zika infection diagnosis. On this basis, the use of only urine samples presented the highest probability to detect viral RNA from Zika virus. Moreover, such a probability was improved using both urine and saliva samples. Consequently, the added value of non-invasive samples, associated with a higher acceptance level for collection among patients, instead of serum samples, for the detection of Zika infections was illustrated.
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- 2021
32. First probable case of congenital Zika syndrome in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
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Souksakhone Viengphouthong, Phommady Vetsaphong, Somphavanh Somlor, Virginie Pommelet, Elodie Calvez, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Paul T. Brey, Thonglakhone Xaybounsou, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Mother and Child Hospital [Vientiane, Laos], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, The work was supported by the Institut Pasteur du Laos., and We thank the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Mother and Child Hospital in Vientiane capital city for their clinical support. We also thank the Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur du Laos for technical support.
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Microcephaly ,Probable Case ,030106 microbiology ,LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ,education ,MESH: Asia, Southeastern ,MESH: Zika Virus ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,MESH: Microcephaly ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lao PDR ,MESH: Pregnancy ,MESH: Zika Virus Infection ,medicine ,ZikV Infection ,MESH: Animals ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,Congenital Zika syndrome ,Aedes ,MESH: Humans ,biology ,MESH: Infant, Newborn ,Outbreak ,MESH: Adult ,General Medicine ,MESH: Aedes ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,MESH: Male ,3. Good health ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,Flavivirus ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,MESH: Laos ,MESH: Female - Abstract
International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and was responsible for a worldwide outbreak between 2013 and 2016. However, no ZIKV outbreak has been described in Southeast Asia since 2017. In this study, we report the first microcephaly case with probable ZIKV infection during pregnancy in Lao People's Democratic Republic.
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- 2021
33. Replication Variance of African and Asian Lineage Zika Virus Strains in Different Cell Lines, Mosquitoes and Mice
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Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Veasna Duong, Sébastien Boyer, Borin Peng, Philippe Dussart, Rithy Choeung, Tey Putita Ou, Heidi Auerswald, Senglong Pang, Saraden In, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Medical and Veterinary Entomology - Entomologie médciale et vétérinaire [Phnom Penh, Cambodia], Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, and This work was supported by Institut Pasteur in Paris in the frame of the Actions Concertées Inter Pasteuriennes (ZikAe project, ACIP A-15-2014) and by the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,African lineage ,Lineage (genetic) ,QH301-705.5 ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Aedes aegypti ,Asian lineage ,Microbiology ,Article ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Biology (General) ,education ,neonatal mouse infection ,education.field_of_study ,vector competence ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,fungi ,Blood meal ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Cell culture ,Vector (epidemiology) ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology - Abstract
Since the epidemic in 2007, studies on vector competence for Zika virus (ZIKV) have intensified, showing that the transmission efficiency varies depending on the vector population, ZIKV strain, and dose of the infectious blood meal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the replication of African and Asian ZIKV strains in vitro and in vivo in order to reveal their phenotypic differences. In addition, we investigated the vector competence of Cambodian Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquitoes (urban and rural) for these ZIKV strains. We observed a significantly higher pathogenicity of the African ZIKV strain in vitro (in mosquito and mammalian cells), and in vivo in both Ae. aegypti and mice. Both mosquito populations were competent to transmit ZIKV as early as 7 days p.i., depending on the population and the ZIKV strain. Ae. aegypti from rural habitats showed significant higher transmission and survival rates than those from urban. We observed the highest transmission efficiency for the African ZIKV isolate (93.3% 14 days p.i.) and for the Cambodian ZIKV isolate (80% 14 days p.i.). Overall, our results highlight the phenotypic differences of the ZIKV lineages and the potential risk of ZIKV transmission by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Further investigations of Cambodian mosquito species and ZIKV specific surveillance in humans is necessary in order to improve the local risk assessment.
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- 2021
34. Development of a bedside score to predict dengue severity
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A. Merlet, Carole Forfait, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Elise Klement-Frutos, Emilie Barsac, Cécile Cazorla, Sylvie Laumond, Daina Aubert, Jean-Paul Grangeon, Anabelle Valiame, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Catherine Inizan, Elodie Descloux, Arnaud Tarantola, Ingrid Marois, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Dumbea] (CHT), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and This work was supported by the government of New Caledonia.
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Male ,Multivariate analysis ,Hospital triage ,MESH: Dengue ,MESH: Hospitalization ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Dengue fever ,Dengue ,Medical microbiology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,MESH: Risk Factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Models, Theoretical ,Severity score ,0303 health sciences ,Univariate analysis ,Area under the curve ,Prognosis ,Predictive value ,MESH: Predictive Value of Tests ,3. Good health ,Hospitalization ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Cohort ,Female ,MESH: Triage ,Research Article ,Operational tool ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Prognosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,New Caledonia ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Retrospective Studies ,030304 developmental biology ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Univariate ,Outbreak ,MESH: Retrospective Studies ,Models, Theoretical ,MESH: New Caledonia ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Male ,Pacific ,Tropical medicine ,Emergency medicine ,Triage ,business ,MESH: Female ,Arboviruses - Abstract
Background In 2017, New Caledonia experienced an outbreak of severe dengue causing high hospital burden (4379 cases, 416 hospital admissions, 15 deaths). We decided to build a local operational model predictive of dengue severity, which was needed to ease the healthcare circuit. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical and biological parameters associated with severe dengue in the cohort of patients hospitalized at the Territorial Hospital between January and July 2017 with confirmed dengue, in order to elaborate a comprehensive patient’s score. Patients were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Predictive models for severity were built using a descending step-wise method. Results Out of 383 included patients, 130 (34%) developed severe dengue and 13 (3.4%) died. Major risk factors identified in univariate analysis were: age, comorbidities, presence of at least one alert sign, platelets count 9/L, prothrombin time 10 N, and previous dengue infection. Severity was not influenced by the infecting dengue serotype nor by previous Zika infection. Two models to predict dengue severity were built according to sex. Best models for females and males had respectively a median Area Under the Curve = 0.80 and 0.88, a sensitivity = 84.5 and 84.5%, a specificity = 78.6 and 95.5%, a positive predictive value = 63.3 and 92.9%, a negative predictive value = 92.8 and 91.3%. Models were secondarily validated on 130 patients hospitalized for dengue in 2018. Conclusion We built robust and efficient models to calculate a bedside score able to predict dengue severity in our setting. We propose the spreadsheet for dengue severity score calculations to health practitioners facing dengue outbreaks of enhanced severity in order to improve patients’ medical management and hospitalization flow.
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- 2020
35. Molecular Characterization of Dengue Type 2 Outbreak in Pacific Islands Countries and Territories, 2017–2020
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Onofre Edwin A Merilles, George Worwor, Marine Minier, Daniel Faktaufon, Etienne Simon-Loriere, George Junior Pakoa, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Philippe Guyant, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Olivia O’Connor, Talica Cabemaiwai, Jean-Paul Grangeon, Christelle Lepers, Valentine Ballan, Dominique Girault, Matthieu Prot, Jean-Claude Grignon, Aalisha Sahukhan, Catherine Inizan, Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of health [Vanuatu], Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control [Suva, Fidji], Hôpital de Sia [Wallis], Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, WHO Country Liaison Office [Port Vila, Vanuatu], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Pacific community (SPC), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], This research was funded by an internal seed-funding from the Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia and by Agence Nationale de la Recherche under DENWOLution Grant Agreement no. ANR-19-CE35-0001-01. E.S.-L. acknowledges funding from the INCEPTION program (Investissements d’Avenir grant ANR-16-CONV-0005). Shipment of samples collected in Vanuatu and analysis conducted at Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia were supported by WHO funding for national public health surveillance with support from Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Australia. Shipment and testing of samples collected in Fiji were funded by SPC with support from DFAT., We acknowledge the Vila Central Hospital (VCH) laboratory technicians Sero Kalkie and Leiwia Dick for their contribution to samples collection, processing and shipment in Vanuatu. We thank Senior Public Health Surveillance Officer Vanua Sikon who contributed to the coordination of samples collection between health facilities and the VCH laboratory. We acknowledge the Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network for the implementation of the pipeline for laboratory specimen shipment and testing. We thank Louis Cognet for his contribution to samples handling and preparation for sequencing. We warmly thank Yvon Cavaloc and the sequencing platform at the University in New Caledonia., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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0301 basic medicine ,Genotype ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Zoology ,Context (language use) ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,phylogeny ,Pacific Islands ,Serogroup ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Dengue fever ,Disease Outbreaks ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Type (biology) ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Phylogenetics ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Phylogenetic tree ,Base Sequence ,molecular evolution ,Communication ,Outbreak ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Dengue Virus ,Serum samples ,medicine.disease ,dengue ,Pacific ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,RNA, Viral - Abstract
International audience; Dengue virus (DENV) serotype-2 was detected in the South Pacific region in 2014 for the first time in 15 years. In 2016-2020, DENV-2 re-emerged in French Polynesia, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia, co-circulating with and later replacing DENV-1. In this context, epidemiological and molecular evolution data are paramount to decipher the diffusion route of this DENV-2 in the South Pacific region. In the current work, the E gene from 23 DENV-2 serum samples collected in Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia was sequenced. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed. While all DENV-2 strains sequenced belong to the Cosmopolitan genotype, phylogenetic analysis suggests at least three different DENV-2 introductions in the South Pacific between 2017 and 2020. Strains retrieved in these Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) in 2017-2020 are phylogenetically related, with strong phylogenetic links between strains retrieved from French PICTs. These phylogenetic data substantiate epidemiological data of the DENV-2 diffusion pattern between these countries.
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- 2020
36. Escape of TLR5 Recognition by Leptospira spp.: A Rationale for Atypical Endoflagella
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Marion Holzapfel, Delphine Bonhomme, Julie Cagliero, Frédérique Vernel-Pauillac, Martine Fanton d’Andon, Sophia Bortolussi, Laurence Fiette, Cyrille Goarant, Elsio A. Wunder, Mathieu Picardeau, Albert I. Ko, Dirk Werling, Mariko Matsui, Ivo G. Boneca, Catherine Werts, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ministério da Saúde [Brasília, Brazil], Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, Royal Veterinary College, This study received funding from the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n° ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) to IB. DB received funding from the Ecole Doctorale Frontières de l’Innovation en Recherche et Education (FIRE), Program Bettencourt. JC was supported by a Calmette and Yersin fellowship from Institut Pasteur International network and EW by a NIH fund (R01AI121207)., We thank Brigitte David-Watine for critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to Marie-Estelle Soupe-Gilbert for her participation in the design of primers used for the quantification of flagellar subunits gene expression., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Matsui, Mariko, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Bacterial cell structure ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,NOD1 ,Immunology and Allergy ,TLR5 ,innate immunity ,Original Research ,Mice, Knockout ,Leptospira ,Toll-like receptor ,biology ,Flagella ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Female ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,mouse model ,Immunology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flagelin genes ,Animals ,Humans ,Leptospirosis ,[SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity ,Immune Evasion ,Innate immune system ,Periplasmic space ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Immunity, Innate ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Toll-Like Receptor 5 ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,bacteria ,toll-like receptor ,Cattle ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Flagellin ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Leptospira (L.) interrogans are invasive bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, a worldwide zoonosis. They possess two periplasmic endoflagellae that allow their motility. L. interrogans are stealth pathogens that escape the innate immune recognition of the NOD-like receptors NOD1/2, and the human Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, which senses peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. TLR5 is another receptor of bacterial cell wall components, recognizing flagellin subunits. To study the contribution of TLR5 in the host defense against leptospires, we infected WT and TLR5 deficient mice with pathogenic L. interrogans and tracked the infection by in vivo live imaging of bioluminescent bacteria or by qPCR. We did not identify any protective or inflammatory role of murine TLR5 for controlling pathogenic Leptospira. Likewise, subsequent in vitro experiments showed that infections with different live strains of L. interrogans and L. biflexa did not trigger TLR5 signaling. However, unexpectedly, heat-killed bacteria stimulated human and bovine TLR5, but did not, or barely induced stimulation via murine TLR5. Abolition of TLR5 recognition required extensive boiling time of the bacteria or proteinase K treatment, showing an unusual high stability of the leptospiral flagellins. Interestingly, after using antimicrobial peptides to destabilize live leptospires, we detected TLR5 activity, suggesting that TLR5 could participate in the fight against leptospires in humans or cattle. Using different Leptospira strains with mutations in the flagellin proteins, we further showed that neither FlaA nor Fcp participated in the recognition by TLR5, suggesting a role for the FlaB. FlaB have structural homology to Salmonella FliC, and possess conserved residues important for TLR5 activation, as shown by in silico analyses. Accordingly, we found that leptospires regulate the expression of FlaB mRNA according to the growth phase in vitro, and that infection with L. interrogans in hamsters and in mice downregulated the expression of the FlaB, but not the FlaA subunits. Altogether, in contrast to different bacteria that modify their flagellin sequences to escape TLR5 recognition, our study suggests that the peculiar central localization and stability of the FlaB monomers in the periplasmic endoflagellae, associated with the downregulation of FlaB subunits in hosts, constitute an efficient strategy of leptospires to escape the TLR5 recognition and the induced immune response.
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- 2020
37. Age-specific epidemiology of human leptospirosis in New Caledonia, 2006-2016
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Arnaud Tarantola, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Cyrille Goarant, Ludovic Floury, Elise Klement-Frutos, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], and Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Bacterial Diseases ,Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,Disease ,Geographical locations ,Serology ,Families ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Sociology ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Zoonoses ,Case fatality rate ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Child ,Children ,Aged, 80 and over ,Leptospira ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Adolescent ,Infectious Disease Control ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Oceania ,Context (language use) ,Disease Surveillance ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Serogroup ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,New Caledonia ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genotyping ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Public health ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Tropical Diseases ,Age Groups ,Infectious Disease Surveillance ,Population Groupings ,People and places ,business ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; With over one million cases worldwide annually and a high fatality in symptomatic forms, human leptospirosis is a growing public health concern for the most vulnerable populations, especially in the context of global warming and unplanned urbanization. Although the Asia-Pacific region is particularly affected, accurate epidemiological data are often lacking. We conducted an eleven-year retrospective laboratory-based epidemiological survey of human leptospirosis in New Caledonia. From 2006 to 2016, 904 cases were laboratory-confirmed, including 29 fatalities, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 30.6/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 3.2%. Over the period, there was a major shift from indirect serological diagnosis by MAT to direct diagnosis by real-time PCR, a more specific and sensitive test when performed early in the course of the disease. The systematic implementation of genotyping informed on the variety of the infective strains involved, with a predominance of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pyrogenes. The epidemiological pattern showed a marked seasonality with an annual peak in March-April. Interestingly, the seasonal peak in children of school age was significantly earlier and corresponded to school holidays, suggesting that attending school from February on could protect children from environmentborne leptospirosis.
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- 2020
38. Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and New Caledonia for Three Zika Virus Lineages
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Nicolas Pocquet, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Olivia O’Connor, Maria Ignez Lima Bersot, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Dominique Girault, Marguerite R Dokunengo, Rosilainy Surubi Fernandes, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), National Institut of Health (Grant no. 1UO1 AI115595-01), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement no. 734548, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant no. 312446/2018), Preventing and Combating the Zika Virus MCTIC/FNDCT-CNPq/MEC-CAPES/MS-Decit. (Grant no. 440929/2016-4), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Grants nos. E-26/203.064/2016, E-26/202.431/2019 and E-26/201.335/2016). MRD was supported by 'Cadre Avenir' and 'Vivaldi, South Province', New Caledonia., We thank Jeffrey Powell for the critical review and English editing of the manuscript, Sosiasi Kilama for field sampling, Marine Minier and Jordan Tutagata for mosquito rearing, Iule de Souza Bonelly and Marcelo Quintela Gomes for technical support and Heloisa Diniz for preparing the map., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Aedes albopictus ,viruses ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Aedes aegypti ,Article ,Virus ,susceptibility ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,vector capacity ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,parasitic diseases ,Immunology and Allergy ,Molecular Biology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,virus diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,Culex quinquefasciatus ,3. Good health ,transmission efficiency ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,Mosquito control ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Viral load - Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused severe epidemics in South America beginning in 2015, following its spread through the Pacific. We comparatively assessed the vector competence of ten populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Brazil and two of Ae. aegypti and one of Culex quinquefasciatus from New Caledonia to transmit three ZIKV isolates belonging to African, Asian and American lineages. Recently colonized mosquitoes from eight distinct sites from both countries were orally challenged with the same viral load (107 TCID50/mL) and examined after 7, 14 and 21 days. Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection with all virus strains. In contrast, although competence varied with geographical origin, Brazilian and New Caledonian Ae. aegypti could transmit the three ZIKV lineages, with a strong advantage for the African lineage (the only one reaching saliva one-week after challenge). Brazilian Ae. albopictus populations were less competent than Ae. aegypti populations. Ae. albopictus generally exhibited almost no transmission for Asian and American lineages, but was efficient in transmitting the African ZIKV. Viral surveillance and mosquito control measures must be strengthened to avoid the spread of new ZIKV lineages and minimize the transmission of viruses currently circulating.
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- 2020
39. Eosinophilic meningitis in New Caledonia: The role of Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
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Martine Chauvet, Nicolas Molko, Bénédicte Melot, Gauthier Delvallez, Emilie Huguon, Cécile Cazorla, Cyrille Goarant, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Julien Colot, Yves-Marie Ducrot, Antoine Biron, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa]
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Male ,Pediatrics ,Physiology ,Epidemiology ,Rain ,Snails ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Severity of Illness Index ,Nervous System ,Geographical locations ,Serology ,Diagnostic Radiology ,White Blood Cells ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Animal Cells ,Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Radiology and Imaging ,Eukaryota ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,3. Good health ,Angiostrongylus cantonensis ,Body Fluids ,Infectious Diseases ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Medicine ,Female ,Seasons ,Anatomy ,Cellular Types ,Meningitis ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Eosinophilic Meningitis ,Adolescent ,Imaging Techniques ,Science ,Immune Cells ,Inflammatory Diseases ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Oceania ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Models, Biological ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,New Caledonia ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Aged ,Blood Cells ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Retrospective cohort study ,Cell Biology ,Molluscs ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Eosinophils ,Gastropods ,Etiology ,Angiostrongyliasis ,People and places ,business ,Zoology - Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic meningitis is a rare form of meningitis with sequelae or death occurring in approximately 2–3% of cases. The most frequent etiological agent is the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The aim of this study was to characterize New Caledonian cases and to assess the extent to which of A. cantonensis was involved. Material and methods We performed a retrospective study of all cases of eosinophilic meningitis (EM) admitted to the Territorial Hospital of New Caledonia, from 2004 to 2019. We performed a descriptive and a multivariate analysis to identify association of variables with severe and fatal cases (or cases with sequelae). Conclusion Angiostrongyliasis was confirmed as being responsible for 17 of the 92 reported EM cases in New Caledonia from 2004 to 2019 with most being young adults and non-walking infants, and with two peaks of incidence one during the dry season and one during the rainy season. Considering the high incidence and regularity of cases, the potential reservoirs should be identified to target prevention campaigns.
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- 2020
40. Discrimination of Uranotaenia species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar based on morphology and wing morphometric traits
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Sébastien Boyer, Antsa Rakotonirina, Friederike Woog, Fano José Randrianambinintsoa, Romain Girod, Michaël Luciano Tantely, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Université d'Antananarivo, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, This study was supported by the Institute Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar and the State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart., Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
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0106 biological sciences ,food.ingredient ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,MESH: Wings, Animal ,MESH: Madagascar ,food ,morphology ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Wings, Animal ,MESH: Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Fauna of Madagascar ,wing morphometry ,Wing ,Diptera ,Uranotaenia neireti ,Biodiversity ,Ur. alboabdominalis ,Culicidae ,Taxon ,Ur. mayottensis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,MESH: Culicidae ,Uranotaenia - Abstract
International audience; The genus Uranotaenia (Diptera: Culicidae) has been well documented in Madagascar where it includes 73 species, 89.4% being endemic. However, one problem is that most species are morphologically similar in the adult stage. Here, 713 Uranotaenia specimens collected in the tropical forests of Anorana and Maromizaha between 2008 and 2014 were examined. Using the dichotomous keys for the Uranotaenia fauna of Madagascar published in 2004, three species were identified: Uranotaenia neireti (220), Ur. alboabdominalis (110) and Ur. mayottensis (28). The other specimens (355) were not identifiable and were classified as Uranotaenia sp1. Using wing morphometry, the four taxa were classified into four morphogroups. Within the Uranotaenia sp1 group, specimens from the Anorana forest and those from the Maromizaha forest overlapped. This result suggests that wing morphometric traits could be a good marker to distinguish Uranotaenia species in Madagascar.
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- 2020
41. Assessing entomological risk factors for arboviral disease transmission in the French Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands
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Elodie Calvez, Nicolas Pocquet, Atoloto Malau, Sosiasi Kilama, Alefosio Taugamoa, Didier Labrousse, Philippe Boussès, Anna-Bella Failloux, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Françoise Mathieu-Daudé, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de l'Environnement - Préfecture des îles Wallis et Futuna, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), This work was funded by the French Ministère des Outre-mer, DGOM (HC/DAIRCL/2180-310) (FMD) and partly supported by the Actions Concertées Inter Pasteuriennes (ZikAe project, ACIP A-15-2014) (ABF and MDR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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RNA viruses ,Topography ,Viral Diseases ,RC955-962 ,Disease Vectors ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Mosquitoes ,Geographical locations ,Aedes ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Islands ,Chikungunya Virus ,Eukaryota ,Insects ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Arboviral Infections ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Female ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Arthropoda ,Alphaviruses ,Oceania ,education ,Mosquito Vectors ,Aedes Aegypti ,Risk Assessment ,Microbiology ,Polynesia ,Togaviruses ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Animals ,Microbial Pathogens ,Ecosystem ,Landforms ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Chikungunya Infection ,Geomorphology ,Wallis and Futuna ,Tropical Diseases ,Invertebrates ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,Earth Sciences ,Chikungunya Fever ,People and places ,Arboviruses - Abstract
Background The French overseas Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands has been affected by several dengue epidemics. Aedes polynesiensis is the main mosquito vector described in this territory. Other Aedes species have been reported, but recent entomological data are missing to infer the presence of other potential arbovirus vectors and to assess the entomological risk factors for transmission of arboviral diseases. Methodology/ Principal findings An entomological prospective study was conducted on the three main islands of the territory to determine the presence and distribution of Aedes spp. Larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes were collected from 54 sampling points in different environments, with a final sampling of 3747 immature stages and 606 adults. The main identified breeding sites were described. Ae. polynesiensis was found in every sampled site in peridomestic and wild habitats. Ae. aegypti was only found on the island of Wallis in peridomestic environments with a limited distribution. Two other Aedes species endemic to the Pacific were recorded, Aedes oceanicus and Aedes futunae. To evaluate the ability of local Ae. polynesiensis to transmit the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), two field populations were analyzed for vector competence using experimental oral exposure of females to CHIKV and infection, dissemination and transmission assays. Results showed that both populations of Ae. polynesiensis were competent for CHIKV (30% at 7 days post-infection). Conclusions/Significance This study showed the ubiquitous distribution and abundance of Ae. polynesiensis on the three islands and demonstrated that local populations were able to transmit CHIKV. Combined with the presence and expansion of Ae. aegypti on the main island of Wallis, these data highlight the risk of transmission of arboviral diseases in the territory of Wallis and Futuna and provide relevant information for entomological surveillance and vector control programs., Author summary The French overseas Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands, located in the South Pacific, has been affected by several dengue epidemics, but did not face Zika or chikungunya outbreaks, unlike other neighboring islands. The near-exclusive presence of the Aedes polynesiensis mosquito in the islands of Wallis and Futuna confirmed the role played by this mosquito as a vector of dengue fever. A local Ae. polynesiensis population was recently shown to be able to transmit the Zika virus under experimental conditions, but its susceptibility to the chikungunya virus was still unknown, and recent data on the presence of other potential arbovirus vectors were missing. Therefore, we investigated the entomological risk factors for the transmission of arboviral diseases in the Wallis and Futuna Islands. We reported the occurrence and distribution of different Aedes species, especially the abundant presence of Ae. polynesiensis across the territory and the spread of Ae. aegypti in the island of Wallis. Our results demonstrated the ability of local Ae. polynesiensis populations to transmit the chikungunya virus. These findings highlight the risk of arbovirus transmission in the Wallis and Futuna Islands and provide relevant data to guide prevention and vector control strategies in the territory.
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- 2020
42. Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri are the dominant Leptospira species causing human leptospirosis in Central Malaysia
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Vasantha Kumari Neela, Leslie Thian Lung Than, Noraini Philip, Siti Norbaya Masri, Pappitha Raja, Muhamad Arif, Elanngovan Nagandran, Siti Nur Alia Ramli, Cyrille Goarant, Zamberi Sekawi, Pukunan Renganathan, Marga G. A. Goris, Norliza Bahtiar Affendy, Muhamad Yazli Yuhana, Niazlin Mohd Taib, Mithra Seganathirajah, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bharathidasan University [Tiruchirappalli, India], School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Clinical Research Centre Unit [Malaysia] (CRC Klang), Hôpital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah [Klang, Malaysia]-Ministry of Health [Malaysia] (MOH), Universiti Teknologi MARA [Shah Alam] (UiTM ), Ministry of Health [Malaysia] (MOH), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), This work was supported by Ministry of Higher Education and Universiti Putra Malaysia through the Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS Phase 2/2014, UPM/700-2/7/LRGS/5526400)., and We acknowledge the Ministry of Health Malaysia for reviewing and approving all the procedures involved in this study. We thank members of GLEAN (Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network) and WHO Reference Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands for guidance throughout the project. Special thanks to all doctors, nurses and staff in Hospital Serdang and Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah in Selangor state and Hospital Teluk Intan in the Perak state that helped us in recruiting the patients. We also take this opportunity to thank all members of this project, for their commitment and contribution during the performance of this study. The authors thank the Director General of Health, Malaysia for his permission to publish this article
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Bacterial Diseases ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,RC955-962 ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Dengue fever ,Serology ,Geographical Locations ,Rodent Diseases ,Database and Informatics Methods ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Zoonoses ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Direct agglutination test ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Mammals ,Leptospira ,biology ,Eukaryota ,Middle Aged ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Medical Microbiology ,Vertebrates ,Female ,Sequence databases ,Pathogens ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Sequence Analysis ,Leptospira interrogans ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,Asia ,Bioinformatics ,030231 tropical medicine ,Rodentia ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Rodents ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Agglutination Tests ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Bacteria ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Malaysia ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Biological Databases ,030104 developmental biology ,Leptospira kirschneri ,Genes, Bacterial ,People and Places ,Amniotes ,Multilocus sequence typing ,bacteria ,Bacterial pathogens ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, commonly known as rat-urine disease, is a global but endemic zoonotic disease in the tropics. Despite the historical report of leptospirosis in Malaysia, the information on human-infecting species is limited. Determining the circulating species is important to understand its epidemiology, thereby to strategize appropriate control measures through public health interventions, diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccine development. Methodology/Principle findings We investigated the human-infecting Leptospira species in blood and serum samples collected from clinically suspected leptospirosis patients admitted to three tertiary care hospitals in Malaysia. From a total of 165 patients, 92 (56%) were confirmed cases of leptospirosis through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) (n = 43; 47%), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (n = 63; 68%) or both MAT and PCR (n = 14; 15%). The infecting Leptospira spp., determined by partial 16S rDNA (rrs) gene sequencing revealed two pathogenic species namely Leptospira interrogans (n = 44, 70%) and Leptospira kirschneri (n = 17, 27%) and one intermediate species Leptospira wolffii (n = 2, 3%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified an isolate of L. interrogans as a novel sequence type (ST 265), suggesting that this human-infecting strain has a unique genetic profile different from similar species isolated from rodents so far. Conclusions/Significance Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri were identified as the dominant Leptospira species causing human leptospirosis in Central Malaysia. The existence of novel clinically important ST 265 (infecting human), that is different from rodent L. interrogans strains cautions reservoir(s) of these Leptospira lineages are yet to be identified., Author summary Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. To date, the genus Leptospira contains 64 species isolated from human, animals and environments. Identification of Leptospira species causing human leptospirosis is important to decipher the epidemiology and transmission pattern of this disease. In our study, we identified Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira kirschneri, and Leptospira wolffii as the human-infecting Leptospira species in Malaysia. These three species have been isolated from rodents and environment in Malaysia earlier, however, these novel isolates are genotypically distinct. The identification of novel clinically important Leptospira interrogans strains in the present study underscores the importance of characterizing more human-infecting strains and search for the potential animal reservoirs.
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- 2020
43. The zoonotic pathogen Leptospira interrogans mitigates environmental stress through cyclic-di-GMP-controlled biofilm production
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Julien Fernandes, Emilie Bierque, Dominique Girault, Malia Kainiu, Mathieu Picardeau, Joëlle Vinh, Nicolas Eskenazi, Anthony Douyère, Heike Bähre, Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert, Roman Thibeaux, Cyrille Goarant, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Leptospirose - Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (UREL), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), BioImagerie Photonique – Photonic BioImaging (UTechS PBI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (USR3149 / FRE2032) (SMBP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, This work was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the AXA Research Fund (reference: 15-AXA-PDOC-037). Lastly, we thank the UTechS Photonic BioImaging facility (Imagopole, C2RT, Institut Pasteur) funded by the French National Research Agency (France BioImaging, ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the Future programme)., The authors thank Johann Peltier, Nadia Benaroudj, Robert Antony Gaultney, Linda Guentas, Arnaud Tarantola and Catherine Inizan for technical assistance and critical discussions. The authors are indebted to Professor Jean-Marc Ghigo for critical discussions and support at the start of this project. We thank Julien Colot and the Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale at Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston Bourret for granting access to their MALDI-TOF facilities. We also thank the CRESICA consortium for granting access to the electron microscopy facilities., ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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Cyclic di-GMP ,Bacterial Zoonoses ,Virulence ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbial ecology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Bacterial Proteins ,Stress, Physiological ,Guanosine monophosphate ,Animals ,Humans ,Cyclic GMP ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Environmental microbiology ,030306 microbiology ,Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Biofilm ,Biofilm matrix ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,3. Good health ,chemistry ,Biofilms ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,lcsh:QR100-130 ,Diguanylate cyclase ,Leptospira interrogans ,Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The zoonotic bacterium Leptospira interrogans is the aetiological agent of leptospirosis, a re-emerging infectious disease that is a growing public health concern. Most human cases of leptospirosis result from environmental infection. Biofilm formation and its contribution to the persistence of virulent leptospires in the environment or in the host have scarcely been addressed. Here, we examined spatial and time-domain changes in biofilm production by L. interrogans. Our observations showed that biofilm formation in L. interrogans is a highly dynamic process and leads to a polarized architecture. We notably found that the biofilm matrix is composed of extracellular DNA, which enhances the biofilm’s cohesiveness. By studying L. interrogans mutants with defective diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase genes, we show that biofilm production is regulated by intracellular levels of bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and underpins the bacterium’s ability to withstand a wide variety of simulated environmental stresses. Our present results show how the c-di-GMP pathway regulates biofilm formation by L. interrogans, provide insights into the environmental persistence of L. interrogans and, more generally, highlight leptospirosis as an environment-borne threat to human health.
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- 2020
44. MALDI-TOF MS: optimization for future uses in entomological surveillance and identification of mosquitoes from New Caledonia
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Rakotonirina, Antsa, Pol, Morgane, Kainiu, Malia, Barsac, Emilie, Tutagata, Jordan, Kilama, Sosiasi, O’Connor, Olivia, Tarantola, Arnaud, Colot, Julien, Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle, Richard, Vincent, Pocquet, Nicolas, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Groupe Bactériologie Expérimentale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Epidemiology - Epidémiologie [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), The project leading to this publication received funding from the French Fund for Economic, Social, Cultural and Scientific Cooperation in the Pacific ('Pacific Fund') and the Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia. AR obtained a scholarship from the Institut Pasteur International Network (Bourse Calmette & Yersin)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,Research ,Mosquitoes’ identification ,MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ,Mosquito Vectors ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Culex ,Culicidae ,New Caledonia ,Aedes ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
International audience; Background: Mosquito vectors cause a significant human public health burden through the transmission of pathogens. Due to the expansion of international travel and trade, the dispersal of these mosquito vectors and the pathogens they carry is on the rise. Entomological surveillance is therefore required which relies on accurate mosquito species identification. This study aimed to optimize the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for mosquito identification.Methods: Aedes aegypti of the Bora-Bora strain and 11 field-sampled mosquito species were used in this study. Analyses were performed to study the impact of the trapping duration on mosquito identification with MALDI-TOF MS. The best preservation methods to use for short, medium and long-term preservation before MALDI-TOF MS analysis were also assessed. In addition, the number of specimens per species required for MALDI-TOF MS database creation was determined. The first MALDI-TOF database of New Caledonian mosquitoes was assembled and the optimal threshold for mosquito species identification according to the sensitivity and specificity of this technique was determined.Results: This study showed that the identification scores decreased as the trapping duration increased. High identification scores were obtained for mosquitoes preserved on silica gel and cotton at room temperature and those frozen at − 20 °C, even after two months of preservation. In addition, the results showed that the scores increased according to the number of main spectrum patterns (MSPs) used until they reached a plateau at 5 MSPs for Ae. aegypti. Mosquitoes (n = 67) belonging to 11 species were used to create the MALDI-TOF reference database. During blind test analysis, 96% of mosquitoes tested (n = 224) were correctly identified. Finally, based on MALDI-TOF MS sensitivity and specificity, the threshold value of 1.8 was retained for a secure identification score.Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS allows accurate species identification with high sensitivity and specificity and is a promising tool in public health for mosquito vector surveillance.
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- 2020
45. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments
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Emilie Bierque, Cyrille Goarant, Dominique Girault, Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert, Roman Thibeaux, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Leptospirose - Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (UREL), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), The authors would like to thank Noémie Baroux for developing Excel tools to identify rapidly duplicate articles., and Goarant, Cyrille
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Bacterial Diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,Cell motility ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Zoonoses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,MESH: Animals ,Pathogen motility ,Soil Microbiology ,MESH: Water Microbiology ,Leptospira ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Zoonosis ,Surface water ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Separation Processes ,Infectious Diseases ,Habitat ,Medical Microbiology ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,Water Microbiology ,Leptospira interrogans ,Soil microbiology ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,MESH: Soil Microbiology ,Virulence Factors ,Science ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,[SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Microbial Pathogens ,Distillation ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,MESH: Humans ,Bacteria ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Tropical Diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,MESH: Leptospira / pathogenicity ,MESH: Leptospirosis / transmission ,Soil water ,Earth Sciences ,bacteria ,Bacterial pathogens ,Hydrology ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology - Abstract
International audience; Background: Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira, is a zoonosis of global distribution. This infectious disease is mainly transmitted by indirect exposure to urine of asymptomatic animals via the environment. As human cases generally occur after heavy rain, an emerging hypothesis suggests that rainfall re-suspend leptospires together with soil particles. Bacteria are then carried to surface water, where humans get exposed. It is currently assumed that pathogenic leptospires can survive in the environment but do not multiply. However, little is known on their capacity to survive in a soil and freshwater environment.Methods: We conducted a systematic review on Leptospira and leptospirosis in the environment in order to collect current knowledge on the lifestyle of Leptospira in soil and water. In total, 86 scientific articles retrieved from online databases or institutional libraries were included in this study. Principals findings/significance: This work identified evidence of survival of Leptospira in the environment but major gaps remain about the survival of virulent species associated with human and animal diseases. Studies providing quantitative data on Leptospira in soil and water are a very recent trend, but must be interpreted with caution because of the uncertainty in the species identification. Several studies mentioned the presence of Leptospira in soils more frequently than in waters, supporting the hypothesis of the soil habitat and dispersion of Leptospira with re-suspended soil particles during heavy rain. In a near future, the growing use of high throughput sequencing will offer new opportunities to improve our understanding of the habitat of Leptospira in the environment. This better insight into the risk of leptospirosis will allow implementing efficient control measures and prevention for the human and animal populations exposed.
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- 2020
46. Predicting Dengue Outbreaks in Cambodia
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Inizan, Catherine, O’Connor, Olivia, Mangeas, Morgan, Pocquet, Nicolas, Forfait, Carole, Descloux, Élodie, Gourinat, Ann-Claire, Pfannstiel, Anne, Klement-Frutos, Elise, Menkès, Christophe, Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle, Peas, Muslim, Froehlich, Yves, Duboz, Raphael, Ong, Sivuth, Buchy, Philippe, Cousien, Anthony, Ledien, Julia, Souv, Kimsan, Leang, Rithea, Huy, Rekol, Fontenille, Didier, Ly, Sowath, Duong, Veasna, Dussart, Philippe, Piola, Patrice, Cauchemez, Simon, Tarantola, Arnaud, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, This study was supported by the Agence Française de Développement (ECOMORE Project), the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and the AXA Research Fund., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Modélisation et écotoxicologie prédictives, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique (LLL), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Virologie, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), National Center of Parasitology (CNM), National Malaria Center [Phnom Penh], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre national de Référence des Arbovirus [Cayenne] (CNRA - Cayenne), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tarantola, Arnaud, and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID
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Microbiology (medical) ,Wet season ,Surveillance data ,Epidemiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,magnitude of the epidemic ,lcsh:Medicine ,surveillance data ,Serogroup ,Dengue fever ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Predicting Dengue Outbreaks in Cambodia ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,viruses ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Pediatric dengue ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,Outbreak ,modeling ,Dengue Virus ,medicine.disease ,healthcare system ,dengue ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Population Surveillance ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Seasons ,Cambodia ,Healthcare system - Abstract
International audience; In Cambodia, dengue outbreaks occur each rainy season (May-October) but vary in magnitude. Using national surveillance data, we designed a tool that can predict 90% of the variance in peak magnitude by April, when typically
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- 2019
47. A new multiplex RT-qPCR method for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of Zika and chikungunya viruses
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Marie-Alice Fraiture, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Vanessa Suin, Linda Garlant, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Sylvia Broeders, Els Vandermassen, Dominique Rousset, Steven Van Gucht, Nancy H. C. Roosens, Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, This work was supported by the project ORIENT-EXPRESS financed by the WIV-ISP(presently named Sciensano, RP-PJ project number 0000754) and partially by the Arbo-VIRTUESS project financed by the Actions Concertées Interpasteuriennes(project number ACIP 2014-053)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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0301 basic medicine ,Identification ,viruses ,MESH: Chikungunya Fever ,medicine.disease_cause ,Genome ,law.invention ,Zika virus ,Disease Outbreaks ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Discrimination ,Multiplex ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Chikungunya ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,Polymerase chain reaction ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,biology ,MESH: Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ,MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Zika Virus Infection ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Chikungunya virus ,Microbiology (medical) ,030106 microbiology ,MESH: Zika Virus ,Computational biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Article ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,MESH: Zika Virus Infection ,TaqMan ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,MESH: Humans ,RT-qPCR ,Outbreak ,MESH: Chikungunya virus ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,Zika Virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Reverse transcriptase ,MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity ,Chikungunya Fever ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - Abstract
Highlights • Development and in-house validation of a multiplex RT-qPCR method. • Identification and discrimination of Zika and chikungunya viruses. • Specific and sensitive method applicable to real-life samples. • High coverage of arbovirus strains/isolates. • Testing of the method via a new bioinformatics tool on whole genome sequencing data., Objective The re-emergence and spread of tropical viruses to new areas has raised a wave of concern worldwide. In order to treat patients at an early stage and prevent the diffusion of an outbreak, early diagnosis, and therefore fast and adequate detection, is needed. To this end, a multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction TaqMan method was designed to detect Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses simultaneously. Methods Two methods targeting different genome segments were selected from the literature for each virus. These were adapted for high genome coverage and combined in a four-plex assay that was thoroughly validated in-house. The SCREENED tool was used to evaluate the sequence coverage of the method. Results The full validation approach showed that the new four-plex method allows the specific and sensitive identification and discrimination of ZIKV and CHIKV in routine samples. The combination of two targets per virus allowing almost 100% coverage of about 500 genomes is shown for the first time. Conclusions PCR is a reliable user-friendly technique that can be applied in remote areas. Such multiplex methods enable early and efficient diagnosis, leading to rapid treatment and effective confinement in outbreak cases. They may also serve as an aid for surveillance, and the full validation permits easy method-transfer allowing worldwide harmonization.
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- 2019
48. Improved detection of dengue and Zika viruses using multiplex RT-qPCR assays
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Saraden In, Rithea Leang, Chanvannak Yun, Rekol Huy, Veasna Duong, Philippe Dussart, Heidi Auerswald, Tey Putita Ou, Rithy Choeung, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), This work was funded by Institut Pasteur du Cambodge. The postdoctoral fellowship of Heidi Auerswald is supported by the Calmette and Yersin Programme of the Institut Pasteur Department of International Affairs., The authors thank Dr Robert Tesh from the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses at the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, TX, USA) who kindly provided ZIKV strain FSS13025, Dr Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol from URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie who kindly provided ZIKV strain NC-2014-5132 and CHIKV Caribbean strain LN898093, Dr Mawlouth Diallo from Unité Entomologie Médicale and Dr Oumar Faye, Unité Arbovirus et fièvres hémorragiques virales, Institut Pasteur de Dakar who kindly provided ZIKV strain HD78788, EVAg (European Virus Archive geos global: https://www.european-virus-archive.com/evag-portal) who kingly provided ZIKV strain MRS_OPY_Martinigue_PaRi_2015, and Institut Pasteur Dakar and Institut Pasteur Laos who kindly provided West Nile virus (WNV) strain B956 (Uganda 1937, AY532665) and strain EG101 (Egypt 1951, AF260968) The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Tineke Cantaert for her editorial comments and suggestions.
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0301 basic medicine ,diagnosis ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Arbovirus ,Zika virus ,Dengue fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flaviviridae ,Virology ,medicine ,Multiplex ,biology ,dengue virus ,Yellow fever ,virus diseases ,Japanese encephalitis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,fourplex real-time RT-qPCR ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,arbovirus ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,one-step duplex real-time RT-qPCR - Abstract
International audience; Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are important viral pathogens, known to cause human infections with similar symptoms, are transmitted by common vectors and co-circulate in intertropical regions. Moreover, dengue fever results from infection with one of four different serotypes of dengue virus. Considering the recent ZIKV emergence, multiplex and up-to-date assays are more preferable for detection of both viruses in a single reaction. This study aimed to develop: (i) an one-step duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to efficiently and simultaneously detect and quantify DENV and ZIKV; (ii) a fourplex RT-qPCR to differentiate and quantify the four DENV serotypes. The detection limit of the duplex assay was 0.028 and 0.065 FFU (focus forming unit)/ml for DENV and ZIKV respectively. The lower limit of analytical sensitivity of fourplex assay was 0.01 FFU/ml for DENV-1 and 0.1 FFU/ml for DENV-2,-3 and-4. The assessment of specificity indicated both assays were highly specific to targeted viruses with negative results for other Flaviviridae such as Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow fever or Hepatitis C viruses. The newly developed RT-qPCRs were shown to be more sensitive than a previously described assay in detecting DENV in clinical samples and are suitable for the routine diagnosis.
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- 2019
49. Health Challenges of the Pacific Region: Insights From History, Geography, Social Determinants, Genetics, and the Microbiome
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Paul F. Horwood, Arnaud Tarantola, Cyrille Goarant, Mariko Matsui, Elise Klement, Masahiro Umezaki, Severine Navarro, Andrew R. Greenhill, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences [Townsville, QLD, Australia], James Cook University (JCU), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department [Noumea, New Caledonia], Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Department of Human Ecology [Tokyo, Japan] (Graduate School of Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University, Immunology Department [Herston, QLD, Australia], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences [Churchill, VIC, Australia], Federation University Australia, SN is supported by a fellowship from the Woolworth Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research and the Children’s Hospital Foundation #50197 and #WIS0092018. EK is supported by the Government of New Caledonia., and Goarant, Cyrille
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lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,0301 basic medicine ,Social Determinants of Health ,Double burden ,infectious disease ,Oceania ,Immunology ,microbiome ,Review ,Communicable Diseases ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,medicine ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,genetics ,Melanesians ,Microbiome ,Social determinants of health ,Indigenous Peoples ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,non-communicable disease ,Disease burden ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,Geography ,Microbiota ,1. No poverty ,Non-communicable disease ,medicine.disease ,Pacific ,3. Good health ,nutrition ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Public Health ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,030215 immunology - Abstract
International audience; The Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities. Indigenous people in the region (Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Papuans, and Indigenous Australians) are over-represented on national, regional, and global scales for the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Although social and environmental factors such as poverty, education, and access to health-care are assumed to be major drivers of this disease burden, there is also developing evidence that genetic and microbiotic factors should also be considered. To date, studies investigating genetic and/or microbiotic links with vulnerabilities to infectious and non-communicable diseases have mostly focused on populations in Europe, Asia, and USA, with uncertain associations for other populations such as indigenous communities in Oceania. Recent developments in personalized medicine have shown that identifying ethnicity-linked genetic vulnerabilities can be important for medical management. Although our understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiome on health is still in the early stages, it is likely that equivalent vulnerabilities will also be identified through the interaction between gut microbiome composition and function with pathogens and the host immune system. As rapid economic, dietary, and cultural changes occur throughout Oceania it becomes increasingly important that further research is conducted within indigenous populations to address the double burden of high rates of infectious diseases and rapidly rising non-communicable diseases so that comprehensive development goals can be planned. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the impact of nutrition, genetics, and the gut microbiome on infectious diseases in indigenous people of the Pacific region.
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- 2019
50. Reptiles in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) are a reservoir of major human Salmonella enterica serovars
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Edith Malpote, Blandine Muanza, Séverine Ferdinand, Antoine Talarmin, Sylvaine Bastian, Cécile Loraux, Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina, Sébastien Breurec, François-Xavier Weill, Pierre Legreneur, Vincent Richard, Simon Le Hello, Franck Berger, Unité Transmission, Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes [Pasteur Guadeloupe, France] (TReD-Path), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR-ESS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Service de Pédiatrie [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université des Antilles - UFR des sciences médicales Hyacinthe Bastaraud (UA UFR SM), Université des Antilles (UA), The Institut Pasteur was the funder of this study (https://www.pasteur.fr/fr)., We thank all the students and the technicians involved in this work at the Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, the University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre and the FNRC-ESS. We thank Nadia Babel for collecting data on livestock production., Bactéries pathogènes entériques (BPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (EA647) (CRIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Bodescot, Myriam, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
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0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,Bacterial Diseases ,Salmonella ,Salmonellosis ,Subspecies ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical locations ,0403 veterinary science ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Guadeloupe ,Panama ,Multidisciplinary ,Eukaryota ,Salmonella enterica ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,3. Good health ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Medical Microbiology ,Salmonella Infections ,Vertebrates ,Medicine ,Frogs ,Livestock ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,Zoology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Amphibians ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enterobacteriaceae ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Microbial Pathogens ,Feces ,Disease Reservoirs ,Caribbean ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Reptiles ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Carriage ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Case-Control Studies ,Amniotes ,North America ,Iguanas ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,People and places ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business - Abstract
International audience; The epidemiology of human Salmonella enterica infections in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) appears to be specific, with a higher prevalence of the subspecies enterica serovars Panama and Arechavaleta (Panama and Arechavaleta) than in other regions. A study was performed in Guadeloupe to identify the reservoir of Salmonella serovars by comparing their distribution in warm- and cold-blooded animals and in humans living in Guadeloupe and mainland France. Furthermore, a case-control study was conducted in 2012-2013 to identify the main epidemiologic risk factors for S. enterica infection among children under 15 years of age. Between June 2011 and December 2014, feces from 426 reptiles (322 anoles, 69 iguanas and 35 geckos) and 50 frogs distributed throughout Guadeloupe and nearby islands were investigated. The frequency of S. enterica carriage was 15.0% (n = 64) in reptiles but varied by species. The only significant risk factor for S. enterica infection was a more frequent presence of frogs in the houses of cases than in those of controls (P = 0.042); however, isolates were not collected. Panama and Arechavaleta were the two serovars most often recovered between 2005 and 2014 from humans living in Guadeloupe (24.5% (n = 174) and 11.5% (n = 82), respectively), which is in contrast to the low prevalence in mainland France (0.4%). Their presence at low frequencies in wild reptiles (4.6% (n = 3) and 3.1% (n = 2), respectively) and pigs (7.5% (n = 5) and 1.5% (n = 1), respectively) suggests a broad host range, and humans may be infected by indirect or direct contact with animals. These serovars are probably poorly adapted to humans and therefore cause more severe infections. The unusual subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z32:- was a major subspecies in wild reptiles (24.6%, n = 16) and humans (9.4%, n = 67) but was not recovered from warm-blooded animals, suggesting that reptiles plays a key role in human infection.
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- 2019
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