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Zaki F Aref,1 Shamardan Ezzeldin Sayed Bazeed,2 Asmaa Nafady,3 Dalia Fahim Mohammed Fahim,4 Ali A Ghweil,5 Mennatallah Ali Abdelrhman Sayed,6 Heba Mohammad Qubaisy,7 Mahmoud Khalefa,8 Usama A Arafa,9 Badawy Shahat Badawy,10 Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen,11 Mohammed H Hassan,12 Aida A Abdelmaksoud1 1Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 2Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 3Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 4Audiovestibular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 5Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 6King Salman International University, Faculty of Medicine, El Tor, Egypt; 7Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 8Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt; 9Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 10Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt; 11Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 12Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohammed H Hassan, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt, Tel +20 1009097968, Email mohammedhosnyhassaan@yahoo.com; mohammedhosnyhassaan@med.svu.edu.egBackground: Helicobacter pylori is assumed to cause many gastric and extragastric diseases. We aimed to assess the possible association role of H. pylori in Otitis media with effusion (OME), nasal polyps and adenotonsillitis.Patients and Methods: A total of 186 patients with various ear, nose and throat diseases were included. The study comprised 78 children with chronic adenotonsillitis, 43 children with nasal polyps and 65 children with OME. OME patients were assigned to two subgroups: those who have and those who did not have adenoid hyperplasia. Among the patients with bilateral nasal polyps, 20Â individuals had recurrent nasal polyps and 23 had de novo nasal polyps. Patients who have chronic adenotonsillitis were divided into three groups: those with chronic tonsillitis and those who underwent tonsillitis, those with chronic adenoiditis and adenoidectomy was performed, and those with chronic adenotonsillitis and underwent adenotonsillectomy. In addition to examination of H. pylori antigen in stool samples of all included patients, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of H. pylori in the effusion fluid was performed, additionally, Giemsa stain was used for detection of H. pylori organism within the tissue samples when available.Results: Frequency of H. pylori in effusion fluid was 28.6% in patients with OME and adenoid hyperplasia, while in those with OME it was only 17.4% with a p value of 0.2. Nasal polyp biopsies were positive in 13% patients of denovo, and 30% patients with recurrent nasal polyps, p=0.2. De novo nasal polyps were more prevalent in the positive stools than recurrent ones, p=0.7. All adenoid samples were negative for H. pylori, only two samples of tonsillar tissue (8.3%) were positive for H. pylori, and stool analysis was positive in 23 patients with chronic adenotonsillitis.Conclusion: Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori and occurrence of OME, nasal polyposis or recurrent adenotonsillitis.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, otitis media with effusion, nasal polyps, adenotonsillitis

Mohammed H Hassan,1 Sawsan Abuhamdah,2,3 Bakheet EM Elsadek,4 Ashraf Abdelwahab,5 Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid,6 Hanan M Fayed,7 Amany Abbass,8 Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud Abdallah,9 Marwa Mohamed,5 Wafaa Mohamed Abd-Elmagid5 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt; 2College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 3Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; 5Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 6Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 7Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt; 8Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 9Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohammed H Hassan, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt, Tel +20 109 8473605, Email Mohammedhosnyhassaan@yahoo.com; mohammedhosnyhassaan@med.svu.edu.egIntroduction: Verruca vulgaris is a benign hyperkeratotic proliferation of the epidermis. Few studies look at the differences in serum and tissue macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in verruca vulgaris, as well as its gene polymorphisms that have yet to be explored. The current study provided in-depth evaluation of MIF in serum and tissues of patients with verruca vulgaris, and establishes for the first time the possible association of MIF gene polymorphisms with common warts.Methods: This case-control study included 50 patients who were diagnosed clinically as common warts in comparison with 50 age and sex-matched controls. Clinical examination was done on all included cases. Serum MIF was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while its tissue expression was analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques for the included participants. Analysis of MIF-173 G˃C single nucleotide polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique.Results: The overall results revealed significantly lower MIF tissue expression in lesional and perilesional skin biopsies from cases compared to the controls using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Yet, the difference in the serum MIF levels between cases and controls was not significant (p ˃ 0.05). GC genotype of the studied MIF rs755622 G>C SNP could be considered as a protective genetic factor against the occurrence of verruca vulgaris among Egyptians with OR (95% CI) equal 0.444 (0.199– 0.989).Conclusion: MIF and its genetic variants are thought to play a pathogenic role in verruca vulgaris development and recurrence.Keywords: macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF rs755622 G>C SNP, common warts, RFLP-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry

COVID-19 is an emerging disease all over the world and spreading at an unpredicted rate, resulting in significant influences on global economies and public health. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics have been partially described in some observational studies. Not enough systematic reviews on predictors of critical illness and mortality in COVID 19 have been published to date. In this review, we had illustrated the prognostic predictors of COVID-19 by gathering published information on the risk factors related to the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Ali A Ghweil,1 Heba A Osman,1 Mohammed H Hassan,2 Abeer MM Sabry,3 Reem E Mahdy,4 Ahmed RH Ahmed,5 Ahmed Okasha,6 Ashraf Khodeary,7 Hesham H Ameen8 1Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 3Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt; 4Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 5Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 6Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 7Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 8Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohammed H HassanDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptTel +20 109 847 3605Email mohammedhosnyhassaan@med.svu.edu.egBackground and aim: Gastric carcinomais a frequent neoplasm with poor outcome, and its early detection would improve prognosis. This study was designed to evaluate the possible use of new biomarkers, namely SAA and HMGB1, for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.Methods: A total of 100 patients presenting with gastric symptoms were included. All patients underwent upper endoscopic evaluation, histopathological diagnosis and serum CEA, SAA, and HMGB1 measurements.Results: Patients were classed endoscopically with neoplastic, inflammatory, and normal-appearing gastric mucosa: 50, 25, and 25 patients, respectively. Histologically, half the patients had chronic gastritis and the remaining cases gastric carcinoma of diffuse (n=28) or intestinal (n=22) type. SAA at cutoff of 18.5 mg/L had the best validity to differentiate gastritis from gastric carcinoma, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.99, 98%, 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively, followed by HMGB1 at cutoff of 14.5 pg/μL, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.91, 70%, 96%, 94.6%, and 76.2%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of serum CEA at cutoff of 2.9 ng/mL to differentiate gastritis from gastric carcinoma were 42%, 72%, 60%, and 55.4%, respectively, with AUC of 0.53. Nonetheless, higher serum levels of both SAA and HMGB1 reflected higher tumor grade (P=0.027 and P=0.016, respectively) and advanced tumor stage (P-OBrk-0.001 for both).Conclusion: Serum levels of both SAA and HMGB1 could be of great value for early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, comparable to the diagnostic role of serum CEA, which is not valid for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.Keywords: gastric carcinoma, early detection, SAA, HMGB1, CEA