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AIM: To compare the binocular and monocular accommodation among normal group, premyopia group and mild myopia group, and to study the characteristics of accommodation in the premyopia group, thus providing clinical evidence for the delay/prevention of myopia and the effective decrease of the incidence of myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 179 children who had abnormal/high-risk visual acuity indicated by the vision screening in school from October 2021 to February 2023 were selected, including 92 males and 87 females, aged from 6 to 12(mean 8.55±1.66)years old, then they were referred to the Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control Center in Cuizu Community Health Service Center. They were divided into normal group(+0.75 D0.05). Monocular AF had significance between the normal group and the premyopia group(P0.05); The monocular AA had significance among the three groups(P

The quality of naturally fermented maize flour, unfermented maize flour and maize flour fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) was analyzed by using unfermented maize flour as the control. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash in fermented maize flour were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the content of total starch was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared with unfermented maize flour. Fermentation increased the pasting temperature of maize flour significantly (P < 0.05), the breakdown and setback values of naturally fermented and Lp + Sc fermented maize flour were significantly lower than those of unfermented maize flour (P < 0.05), and the stability and anti-retrogradation ability of maize flour were improved. Moreover, fermentation with Lp and Lp + Sc had a pronounced effect on the structure of maize flour, while during fermentation with Sc and Lp + Sc, aroma compounds and metabolites which could improve the off-odor of fermented maize flour were produced. The fermentation periods of maize flour with Lp, Sc and their combination were 72, 18?and 48?hours, respectively compared to 13 days for natural fermentation. Maize flour fermented with Lp + Sc had better quality, flavor and processing properties.

Calcium‐ion batteries have been considered attractive candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications due to their natural abundance and low redox potential of Ca2+/Ca. However, current calcium ion technology is still hampered by the lack of high‐capacity and long‐life electrode materials to accommodate the large Ca2+ (1.00 Å). Herein, an amorphous vanadium structure induced by Mo doping and in‐situ electrochemical activation is reported as a high‐rate anode material for calcium ion batteries. The doping of Mo could destroy the lattice stability of VS4 material, enhancing the flexibility of the structure. The following electrochemical activation further converted the material into sulfide and oxides co‐dominated composite (defined as MoVSO), which serves as an active material for the storage of Ca2+ during cycling. Consequently, this amorphous vanadium structure exhibits excellent rate capability, achieving discharge capacities of 306.7 and 149.2 mAh g−1 at 5 and 50 A g−1 and an ultra‐long cycle life of 2000 cycles with 91.2% capacity retention. These values represent the highest level to date reported for calcium ion batteries. The mechanism studies show that the material undergoes a partial phase transition process to derive MoVSO. This work unveiled the calcium storage mechanism of vanadium sulfide in aqueous electrolytes and accelerated the development of high‐performance aqueous calcium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel‐rich LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 (NCM, 1−x−y ≥ 0.6) is known as a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries since its superiority of high voltage and large capacity. However, polycrystalline Ni‐rich NCMs suffer from poor cycle stability, limiting its further application. Herein, single crystal and polycrystalline LiNi0.84Co0.07Mn0.09O2 cathode materials are compared to figure out the relation of the morphology and the electrochemical storage performance. According to the Li+ diffusion coefficient, the lower capacity of single crystal samples is mainly ascribed to the limited Li+ diffusion in the large bulk. In situ XRD illustrates that the polycrystalline and single crystal NCMs show a virtually identical manner and magnitude in lattice contraction and expansion during cycling. Also, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) measurement is employed in lithium‐ion battery study for the first time, and these two cathodes show huge discrepancy in the ECSA after the initial cycle. These results suggest that the single crystal sample exhibits reduced cracking, surface side reaction, and Ni/Li mixing but suffers the lower Li+ diffusion kinetics. This work offers a view of how the morphology of Ni‐rich NCM effects the electrochemical performance, which is instructive for developing a promising strategy to achieve good rate performance and excellent cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is a common type of carcinoma and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The two broad histological subtypes of lung cancer are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of cases and includes adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for 15% of cases. Substantial improvements in treatment have led to remarkable progress and changed outcomes for many patients in the past two decades. However, with prolonged survival time and awareness of repeat biopsy, more and more patients with lung cancer have been found to undergo a histological transformation during treatment, with lung adenocarcinoma (LAdC) to SCLC transformation being the most frequent. In this article, we summarized findings on the mechanism, clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and predictors of the transformation of LAdC to SCLC. A non-systematic narrative review was performed using the Pubmed/MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) database with the following keywords: "transformation from NSCLC to SCLC," "transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to small-cell lung cancer," "NSCLC transformation in SCLC," and "NSCLC and transformation and SCLC." Articles published until June 2022 were analyzed. Search results were limited to human studies without restriction for language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from the advantageous features of structural diversity and resource renewability, organic electroactive compounds are considered as attractive cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). In this review, we discuss the recent developments of organic electrode materials for aqueous ZIBs. Although the proton (H+) storage chemistry in aqueous Zn‐organic batteries has triggered an overwhelming literature surge in recent years, this topic remains controversial. Therefore, our review focuses on this significant issue and summarizes the reported electrochemical mechanisms, including pure Zn2+ intercalation, pure H+ storage, and H+/Zn2+ co‐storage. Moreover, the impact of H+ storage on the electrochemical performance of aqueous ZIBs is discussed systematically. Given the significance of H+ storage, we also highlight the relevant characterization methods employed. Finally, perspectives and directions on further understanding the charge storage mechanisms of organic materials are outlined. We hope that this review will stimulate more attention on the H+ storage chemistry of organic electrode materials to advance our understanding and further its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-decorated hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were developed as a multifunctional platform for controlled intracellular drug release and enhanced photothermal-chemotherapy. The CuS NPs were firstly synthesized to encapsulate anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) followed by the GQDs decoration on the surface of CuS NPs. The prepared NPs exhibited good crystal structure, uniform nanosize, excellent colloidal stability, high drug encapsulation and enhanced optical absorbance. Moreover, the drug release was successfully triggered from the DOX-CuS@GQDs NPs under high temperature and (near-infrared) NIR laser irradiation. Encouraged by this result, we moved to investigate the intracellular drug release behavior under NIR laser irradiation on MDA-MB-231 cells. The confocal images and flow cytometry analysis indicated a significant NIR-triggered DOX release within MDA-MB-231 cells after cellular uptake. Furthermore, the CuS NPs could readily convert light energy to heat to photothermally ablate the cancer cells under NIR laser irradiation, and the photothermal ablation effect was further enhanced by the capping of GQDs on CuS NPs. The combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy of the prepared DOX-CuS@GQDs NPs also enabled a synergistic therapeutic effect on cancer cells. Therefore, the prepared DOX-CuS@GQDs NPs provided a novel promising platform for cancer therapy with controlled intracellular drug release and combined photothermal-chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]