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1. All-fiber frequency agile triple-frequency comb light source

Author

Eve-Line Bancel, Etienne Genier, Rosa Santagata, Matteo Conforti, Alexandre Kudlinski, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvcincq, Damien Labat, Andy Cassez, and Arnaud Mussot

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Tricomb spectroscopy unveils a new dimension to standard linear and nonlinear spectroscopic analysis, offering the possibility to reveal the almost real-time evolution of complex systems with unprecedented accuracy. Current triple comb configurations are based on the use of mode-locked lasers, which impose constraints on the comb parameters, and require complex electronic synchronization, thus limiting potential applications. In this paper, we present the experimental demonstration of a new type of all-fiber, self-phase-locked, frequency-agile tri-comb light source. It is based on the nonlinear spectral broadening of three electro-optic modulator-based frequency combs in a three-core fiber. The exploitation of spatial multiplexing of light in optical fibers offers new possibilities to generate broadband-frequency combs that are highly coherent with each other. After characterizing the stability of the source and performing several dual-comb test measurements, we revealed the high mutual coherence between the three combs through the demonstration of a 2-D pump-probe four-wave mixing spectroscopy experiment.

Published
2023
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2. Effects of Measurement Temperature on Radioluminescence Processes in Cerium-Activated Silica Glasses for Dosimetry Applications

Author

Ismail Zghari, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Bruno Capoen, Franck Mady, Mourad Benabdesselam, Géraud Bouwmans, Damien Labat, Youcef Ouerdane, Adriana Morana, Sylvain Girard, Aziz Boukenter, and Mohamed Bouazaoui

Subjects
dosimetry, cerium, silica glass, optical fiber sensors, radioluminescence, modeling, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Cerium-doped-silica glasses are widely used as ionizing radiation sensing materials. However, their response needs to be characterized as a function of measurement temperature for application in various environments, such as in vivo dosimetry, space and particle accelerators. In this paper, the temperature effect on the radioluminescence (RL) response of Cerium-doped glassy rods was investigated in the 193–353 K range under different X-ray dose rates. The doped silica rods were prepared using the sol-gel technique and spliced into an optical fiber to guide the RL signal to a detector. Then, the experimental RL levels and kinetics measurements during and after irradiation were compared with their simulation counterparts. This simulation is based on a standard system of coupled non-linear differential equations to describe the processes of electron-hole pairs generation, trapping-detrapping and recombination in order to shed light on the temperature effect on the RL signal dynamics and intensity.

Published
2023
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3. Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams

Author

Daniel Söderström, Oskari Timonen, Heikki Kettunen, Risto Kronholm, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Bruno Capoen, Youcef Ouerdane, Adriana Morana, Arto Javanainen, Géraud Bouwmans, Mohamed Bouazaoui, and Sylvain Girard

Subjects
dosimetry, electron accelerator, optical fiber, point dosimeter, pulsed electron beam, radiation-induced attenuation, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The radiation-induced emission (RIE) of Gd3+-doped sol–gel silica glass has been shown to have suitable properties for use in the dosimetry of beams of ionizing radiation in applications such as radiotherapy. Linear electron accelerators are commonly used as clinical radiotherapy beams, and in this paper, the RIE properties were investigated under electron irradiation. A monochromator setup was used to investigate the light properties in selected narrow wavelength regions, and a spectrometer setup was used to measure the optical emission spectra in various test configurations. The RIE output as a function of depth in acrylic was measured and compared with a reference dosimeter system for various electron energies, since the dose–depth measuring abilities of dosimeters in radiotherapy is of key interest. The intensity of the main radiation-induced luminescence (RIL) of the Gd3+-ions at 314 nm was found to well represent the dose as a function of depth, and was possible to separate from the Cherenkov light that was also induced in the measurement setup. After an initial suppression of the luminescence following the electron bunch, which is ascribed to a transient radiation-induced attenuation from self-trapped excitons (STEX), the 314 nm component was found to have a decay time of approximately 1.3 ms. An additional luminescence was also observed in the region 400 nm to 600 nm originating from the decay of the STEX centers, likely exhibiting an increasing luminescence with a dose history in the tested sample.

Published
2022
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4. Radioluminescence Response of Ce-, Cu-, and Gd-Doped Silica Glasses for Dosimetry of Pulsed Electron Beams

Author

Daniel Söderström, Heikki Kettunen, Adriana Morana, Arto Javanainen, Youcef Ouerdane, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Bruno Capoen, Géraud Bouwmans, Mohamed Bouazaoui, and Sylvain Girard

Subjects
dosimetry, electron accelerator, optical fiber, point dosimeter, pulsed electron beam, radiation-induced luminescence, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Radiation-induced emission of doped sol-gel silica glass samples was investigated under a pulsed 20-MeV electron beam. The studied samples were drawn rods doped with cerium, copper, or gadolinium ions, which were connected to multimode pure-silica core fibers to transport the induced luminescence from the irradiation area to a signal readout system. The luminescence pulses in the samples induced by the electron bunches were studied as a function of deposited dose per electron bunch. All the investigated samples were found to have a linear response in terms of luminescence as a function of electron bunch sizes between 10−5 Gy/bunch and 1.5×10−2 Gy/bunch. The presented results show that these types of doped silica rods can be used for monitoring a pulsed electron beam, as well as to evaluate the dose deposited by the individual electron bunches. The electron accelerator used in the experiment was a medical type used for radiation therapy treatments, and these silica rod samples show high potential for dosimetry in radiotherapy contexts.

Published
2021
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5. Investigation of the Incorporation of Cerium Ions in MCVD-Silica Glass Preforms for Remote Optical Fiber Radiation Dosimetry

Author

Monika Cieslikiewicz-Bouet, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Youcef Ouerdane, Rachid Mahiou, Geneviève Chadeyron, Laurent Bigot, Karen Delplace-Baudelle, Rémi Habert, Stéphane Plus, Andy Cassez, Géraud Bouwmans, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Adriana Morana, Aziz Boukenter, Sylvain Girard, and Bruno Capoen

Subjects
cerium, silica glass preforms, photoluminescence, optical fiber sensors, radioluminescence, X-ray dosimetry, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The incorporation of Ce3+ ions in silicate glasses is a crucial issue for luminescence-based sensing applications. In this article, we report on silica glass preforms doped with cerium ions fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) under different atmospheres in order to favor the Ce3+ oxidation state. Structural analysis and photophysical investigations are performed on the obtained glass rods. The preform fabricated under reducing atmosphere presents the highest photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). This preform drawn into a 125 µm-optical fiber, with a Ce-doped core diameter of about 40 µm, is characterized to confirm the presence of Ce3+ ions inside this optical fiber core. The fiber is then tested in an all-fibered X-ray dosimeter configuration. We demonstrate that this fiber allows the remote monitoring of the X-ray dose rate (flux) through a radioluminescence (RL) signal generated around 460 nm. The response dependence of RL versus dose rate exhibits a linear behavior over five decades, at least from 330 µGy(SiO2)/s up to 22.6 Gy(SiO2)/s. These results attest the potentialities of the MCVD-made Ce-doped material, obtained under reducing atmosphere, for real-time remote ionizing radiation dosimetry.

Published
2021
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6. Cu/Ce-co-Doped Silica Glass as Radioluminescent Material for Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry

Author

Jessica Bahout, Youcef Ouerdane, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Géraud Bouwmans, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Andy Cassez, Karen Baudelle, Rémi Habert, Adriana Morana, Aziz Boukenter, Sylvain Girard, and Bruno Capoen

Subjects
Cu+/Ce3+-co-doped silica glass, photoluminescence, ionizing radiation, radioluminescence, dosimetry, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Optically activated glasses are essential to the development of new radiation detection systems. In this study, a bulk glassy rod co-doped with Cu and Ce ions, was prepared via the sol-gel technique and was drawn at about 2000 °C into a cylindrical capillary rod to evaluate its optical and radioluminescence properties. The sample showed optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) bands attributed to Cu+ and Ce3+ ions. The presence of these two ions inside the host silica glass matrix was also confirmed using PL kinetics measurements. The X-ray dose rate was remotely monitored via the radioluminescence (RL) signal emitted by the Cu/Ce scintillating sensor. In order to transport the optical signal from the irradiation zone to the detection located in the instrumentation zone, an optical transport fiber was spliced to the sample under test. This RL signal exhibited a linear behavior regarding the dose rate in the range at least between 1.1 mGy(SiO2)/s and 34 Gy(SiO2)/s. In addition, a spectroscopic analysis of this RL signal at different dose rates revealed that the same energy levels attributed to Cu+ and Ce3+ ions are involved in both the RL mechanism and the PL phenomenon. Moreover, integrated intensities of the RL sub-bands related to both Cu+ and Ce3+ ions depend linearly on the dose rate at least in the investigated range from 102 mGy(SiO2)/s up to 4725 mGy(SiO2)/s. The presence of Ce3+ ions also reduces the formation of HC1 color centers after X-ray irradiation.

Published
2020
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7. Tapered multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopes

Author

Fatima El Moussawi, Matthias Hofer, Damien Labat, Andy Cassez, Géraud Bouwmans, Siddharth Sivankutty, Rosa Cossart, Olivier Vanvincq, Hervé Rigneault, Esben Ravn Andresen, Rigneault, Herve, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-21-ESRE-0003,CIRCUITPHOTONICS,Centre d'imagerie de la dynamique des circuits neuronaux(2021), and ANR-20-CE19-0028,NAIMA,Imagerie rapide et non invasive par fibre optique multi-modes(2020)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, FOS: Physical sciences, transmission matrix, wavefront shaping, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, microscopy, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, fluorescence, in vivo imaging, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biotechnology, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

International audience; We present a novel fiber-optic component, a “tapered multicore fiber (MCF)”, designed for integration into ultraminiaturized endoscopes for minimally invasive two-photon point-scanning imaging and to address the power delivery issue that has faced MCF-based lensless endoscopes. With it we achieve experimentally a factor 6.0 increase in two-photon signal yield while keeping the ability to point-scan by the memory effect and a factor 8.9 sacrificing the memory effect. To reach this optimal design, we first develop and validate a fast numerical model capable of predicting the essential properties of an arbitrarily tapered MCF from its structural parameters. We then use this model to identify the tapered MCF design parameters that result in a chosen set of target properties (point-spread function, delivered power, presence or absence of memory effect). We fabricate the identified target designs by stack-and-draw and postprocessing on a CO2 laser-based glass processing and splicing system. Finally, we demonstrate the performance gain of the fabricated tapered MCFs in two-photon imaging when used in a lensless endoscope system. Our results show that tailoring of the taper profile brings new degrees of freedom that can be efficiently exploited for lensless endoscopes.

Published
2022

8. A tunable filter for high molecular weight DNA selection and linked-read sequencing

Author

Adrien Castinel, Frederic Ginot, Aurélien Bancaud, Audrey Gibert, Olivier Bouchez, Géraud Bouwmans, Juan-Luis Fuentes Rojas, Cécile Donnadieu, Audrey Boutonnet, Laurent Bigot, Nicolas Milon, Karen Baudelle, Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Picometrics Technologies, ANR-16-CE18-0028,MicroLAS,µ-Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des chromosomes : développement d'un outil pour le typage rapide des bactéries, levures et cellules de mammifères(2016), ANR-16-ASTR-0020,BIOPULSE,Dispositif de détection biologique ultrasensible de pathogènes prélevés par air pulsé.(2016), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Photonique (Photonique), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Computer science, Sequencing data, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Third generation sequencing, Computational biology, Biochemistry, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 03 medical and health sciences, Cucumis melo, Particle Size, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Throughput (business), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Molecular Weight, genomic DNA, Filter (video), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, Block size, High molecular weight dna
Abstract

International audience; In third generation sequencing, the production of quality data requires the selection of molecules longer than ∼20 kbp, but the size selection threshold of most purification technologies is smaller than this target. Here, we describe a technology operated in a capillary with a tunable selection threshold in the range of 3 to 40 kbp controlled by an electric field. We demonstrate that the selection cut-off is sharp, the purification yield is high, and the purification throughput is scalable. We also provide an analytical model that the actuation settings of the filter. The selection of high molecular weight genomic DNA from the melon Cucumis melo L., a diploid organism of ∼0.45 Gbp, is then reported. Linked-read sequencing data show that the N50 phase block size, which scores the correct representation of two chromosomes, is enhanced by a factor of 2 after size selection, establishing the relevance and versatility of our technology.

Published
2020

9. Miniature 120-beam coherent combiner with 3D printed optics for multicore fiber based endoscopy

Author

Gaelle Brévalle, Siddharth Sivankutty, Géraud Bouwmans, Naveen Gajendra Kumar, Hervé Rigneault, Andrea Bertoncini, Esben Ravn Andresen, Carlo Liberale, Victor Tsvirkun, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-20-CE19-0028,NAIMA,Imagerie rapide et non invasive par fibre optique multi-modes(2020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Optics and Photonics, 3d printed, Materials science, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Multicore fiber, 01 natural sciences, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, 010309 optics, Footprint (electronics), Optics, Optical imaging, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Fiber bundle, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Endoscopes, Photons, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endoscopy, Physics - Applied Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Bundle, Printing, Three-Dimensional, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We report high efficiency, miniaturized, ultra-fast coherent beam combining with 3D printed micro-optics directly on the tip of a multicore fiber bundle. The highly compact device foot-print (180 micron diameter) facilitates its incorporation into a minimally invasive ultra-thin nonlinear endoscope to perform two-photon imaging, Comment: Published in Optics Letters

Published
2022
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10. Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a multi-inclusions core optical fiber

Author

Jean-Baptiste Trinel, Jean Yammine, Guillaume Le Cocq, Géraud Bouwmans, Esben Ravn Andresen, Andy Cassez, Stéphane Plus, Yves Quiquempois, Guillaume Labroille, Laurent Bigot, Prysmian Group, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CAILabs (CAILabs)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate and evaluate a new design of micro-structured core erbium-doped few-mode fiber to be used as optical amplifier in the context of mode-division multiplexing. This concept is proposed so as to better control the distribution of the Er3+ ions in the core area, thus permitting to adjust the overall differential modal gains between the different signal modes. The design presented here consists of 19 erbium-doped inclusions embedded in a pedestal geometry guiding 10 modes in the C-band. It has been optimized numerically so as to reach the equalized amplification of all the signal modes. The fiber has been realized and combined with custom-made dual-wavelength mode multiplexers based on multi-plane light conversion to shape the signal and pump beams. Amplification properties have finally been evaluated experimentally.

Published
2023

11. Fibres optiques topographiques

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Alexandre Kudlinski, and Arnaud Mussot

Abstract

L’avènement des fibres à cristal photonique dans les années 90 a été une révolution sur les plans tant scientifique qu’applicatif. Leur structuration transverse complexe leur confère en effet des propriétés de guidage inédites. Les fibres optiques topographiques introduites dans les années 2010 offrent, quant à elles, un degré de liberté supplémentaire grâce à leur structuration longitudinale contrôlée. Bien que leur potentiel applicatif soit loin d’être totalement exploré, elles ont déjà été largement exploitées en optique guidée.

Published
2019

12. Investigation of the Incorporation of Cerium Ions in MCVD-Silica Glass Preforms for Remote Optical Fiber Radiation Dosimetry

Author

Stéphane Plus, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Aziz Boukenter, Bruno Capoen, Youcef Ouerdane, Monika Cieslikiewicz-Bouet, Geneviève Chadeyron, Laurent Bigot, Rémi Habert, Sylvain Girard, Rachid Mahiou, Géraud Bouwmans, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Karen Delplace-Baudelle, Andy Cassez, Adriana Morana, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Photonique (Photonique), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Optical fiber, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, TP1-1185, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 010309 optics, silica glass preforms, radioluminescence, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], X-ray dosimetry, Dosimeter, optical fiber sensors, Chemical technology, Radioluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Core (optical fiber), Cerium, cerium, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, photoluminescence, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence
Abstract

The incorporation of Ce3+ ions in silicate glasses is a crucial issue for luminescence-based sensing applications. In this article, we report on silica glass preforms doped with cerium ions fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) under different atmospheres in order to favor the Ce3+ oxidation state. Structural analysis and photophysical investigations are performed on the obtained glass rods. The preform fabricated under reducing atmosphere presents the highest photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). This preform drawn into a 125 µm-optical fiber, with a Ce-doped core diameter of about 40 µm, is characterized to confirm the presence of Ce3+ ions inside this optical fiber core. The fiber is then tested in an all-fibered X-ray dosimeter configuration. We demonstrate that this fiber allows the remote monitoring of the X-ray dose rate (flux) through a radioluminescence (RL) signal generated around 460 nm. The response dependence of RL versus dose rate exhibits a linear behavior over five decades, at least from 330 µGy(SiO2)/s up to 22.6 Gy(SiO2)/s. These results attest the potentialities of the MCVD-made Ce-doped material, obtained under reducing atmosphere, for real-time remote ionizing radiation dosimetry.

Published
2021

13. Two-step manufacturing of hundreds of meter-long silicon micrometer-size core optical fibers with less than 0.2 dB/cm background losses

Author

Stéphane Plus, Nicolas Nuns, M. Marinova, Géraud Bouwmans, Rémi Habert, B. Chazallon, Olivier Vanvincq, Andy Cassez, Karen Baudelle, Laurent Bigot, Remy Bernard, M. Kudinova, Photonique (Photonique), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE24-0015,SPICY,Fibres à cristal photonique à base de silicium(2016)

Subjects
Fabrication, Optical fiber, Materials science, Silicon, Computer Networks and Communications, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Micrometre, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, Applied optics. Photonics, Fiber, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, TA1501-1820, Core (optical fiber), chemistry, 13. Climate action, symbols, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman scattering
Abstract

International audience; This work reports on the fabrication and the characterization of hybrid optical fibers with silicon core and silica cladding. Adopting a two-step manufacturing technique derived from the stack-and-draw method, silicon-core fibers with core dimensions ranging from about 0.8 mu m to 3.5 mu m have been successively drawn into hundreds of meter-long fibers. A 3.3 mu m diameter core fiber has been more extensively characterized and background losses for this as-drawn fiber are less than 0.2 dB/cm between 1250 nm and 1650 nm, with a minimum of 0.12 dB/cm around 1600 nm. The crystalline state of the core and the limited impact of oxygen contamination were confirmed by Raman scattering, x-ray diffraction, HR-STEM, and ToF-SIMS analysis. Transmission peaks associated with specific modal distributions are evidenced under certain injection conditions and their positions are shown to be in good accordance with mode cut-off wavelengths of a step-index silicon-core fiber.

Published
2021

14. Radioluminescence Response of Ce-, Cu-, and Gd-Doped Silica Glasses for Dosimetry of Pulsed Electron Beams

Author

Arto Javanainen, Sylvain Girard, Heikki Kettunen, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Daniel Soderstrom, Adriana Morana, Géraud Bouwmans, Bruno Capoen, Youcef Ouerdane, Mohamed Bouazaoui, University of Jyväskylä [JYU], Laboratoire Hubert Curien [LHC], Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 [PhLAM], Photonique [Photonique], Department of Physics [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photonique (Photonique), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
optical fiber, Luminescence, Materials science, radiation-induced luminescence, Analytical chemistry, Electrons, TP1-1185, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, hiukkaskiihdyttimet, elektronit, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, mittauslaitteet, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dosimetry, dosimetrit, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiometry, Instrumentation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], optiset kuidut, dosimetry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Chemical technology, pulsed electron beam, luminesenssi, Doping, Particle accelerator, Radioluminescence, Silicon Dioxide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, electron accelerator, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, point dosimeter, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, säteilyfysiikka, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Radiation-induced emission of doped sol-gel silica glass samples was investigated under a pulsed 20-MeV electron beam. The studied samples were drawn rods doped with cerium, copper, or gadolinium ions, which were connected to multimode pure-silica core fibers to transport the induced luminescence from the irradiation area to a signal readout system. The luminescence pulses in the samples induced by the electron bunches were studied as a function of deposited dose per electron bunch. All the investigated samples were found to have a linear response in terms of luminescence as a function of electron bunch sizes between 10−5 Gy/bunch and 1.5×10−2 Gy/bunch. The presented results show that these types of doped silica rods can be used for monitoring a pulsed electron beam, as well as to evaluate the dose deposited by the individual electron bunches. The electron accelerator used in the experiment was a medical type used for radiation therapy treatments, and these silica rod samples show high potential for dosimetry in radiotherapy contexts.

Published
2021

15. Silicon-core optical fiber with losses below 0.2dB/cm

Author

Nicolas Nuns, J. Troles, M. Kudinova, Rémi Habert, Karen Baudelle, H. El Hamzaoui, Stéphane Plus, Remy Bernard, B. Chazallon, M. Marinova, Laurent Bigot, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, Andy Cassez, Photonique (Photonique), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC), Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), and ANR-16-CE24-0015,SPICY,Fibres à cristal photonique à base de silicium(2016)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, Chemical vapor deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), chemistry, Oxygen contamination, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; Silicon-core fibers were drawn into hundreds of meter-long spans. The regular crystalline structure of the core and the absence of oxygen contamination are demonstrated together with loss below 0.2 dB/cm from 1250 to 1650 nm.

Published
2020

16. Investigation of Thermoluminescence Properties of Potential Fibered-OSL Dosimeter Materials

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, N. Al Helou, H. El Hamzaoui, Bruno Capoen, Angela Guttilla, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Franck Mady, J. Bahout, Wilfried Blanc, Mourad Benabdesselam, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optical fiber, Materials science, Optically stimulated luminescence, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Doping, 01 natural sciences, Thermoluminescence, law.invention, Ion, Ionizing radiation, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Dosimetry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Luminescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The luminescence properties of several doped materials are explored in many fields of application, including ionizing radiation dosimetry. These luminescence properties are essentially provided by the doping element. In this article, we report thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) measurements of the trapping and recombination centers involved in the luminescence process of sol–gel-derived glasses. Three-doped species will be concerned: one transition metal (Cu), one rare-earth element (Ce), and a combination of both in the sol–gel silica matrix. By comparing the performances of these samples according to the criteria required for dosimetry by both TSL and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) (sensitivity, dose response, and thermal fading), the results show that the simply doped samples really are potential candidates for fibered-OSL dosimetry.

Published
2020

17. Hundreds of meter-long low-loss silicon-core optical fiber

Author

Bertrand Chazallon, Stéphane Plus, Maryna Kudinova, Géraud Bouwmans, Karen Baudelle, Laurent Bigot, Olivier Vanvincq, Andy Cassez, Remy Bernard, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Johann Troles, Rémi Habert, Prysmian Group, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Agence Nationale de la Recherche: SPICY projectFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-16-CE240015], LABEX CEMPI [ANR-11-LABX-0007], Equipex Flux [ANR-11-EQPX-0017], Ministry of Higher Education and Research Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR), Hauts de-France Regional Council, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Contrat de Projets Etat-Region (CPER Photonics for Society, P4S) European Union (EU), Jiang, Digonnet, MJF, ANR-11-LABX-0007,CEMPI,Centre Européen pour les Mathématiques, la Physique et leurs Interactions(2011), ANR-11-EQPX-0017,FLUX,Fibres optiques pour les hauts Flux(2011), Photonique (Photonique), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE24-0015,SPICY,Fibres à cristal photonique à base de silicium(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Silicon, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Crystal, Crystallinity, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fiber, Silicon-core optical fibers, Hybrid optical fibers, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Semiconductor optical fibers, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Core (optical fiber), chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Hybrid optical fibers, i.e. optical fibers that combine, in the same structure, glass with crystal, metal, polymer or a second type of glass, open access to a wide range of optical properties or optical functions not accessible to common single-glass-made optical fibers. Silicon-core fibers are one type of hybrid fibers that have been intensively studied since 2006 with the aim to take benefit of the mid-infrared transparency of silicon or to implement opto-electrical functions in the optical fiber itself. Some of the unique optical properties of these semiconductor-core fibers have been demonstrated but it is admitted that optical losses are still today a drag on the rise of performances and hence devote specific attention. Post-processing based on laser or thermal annealing can be applied on the as-drawn fibers to improve core crystallinity and then reduce optical losses. However, such processing techniques have been demonstrated on centimeter-long fibers only. In the present paper, we demonstrate as-drawn silicon-core fiber with loss level below 0.2 dB/cm on the 1250-1650nm wavelength range, this fiber being continuously manufactured over length exceeding one hundred of meters. Several fibers have been fabricated from a rod-in-stack approach and different core dimensions ranging from about 0.8 to 3.4 mu m have been successively realized and extensive characterizations (XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy, TEM and ToF-SIMS analysis) have been conducted on the 3.4 mu m core fiber. The crystalline state of the core, the absence of oxygen contamination and the optical transmission from 1.1 to 4 mu m will be presented.

Published
2020

18. Double clad tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber for nonlinear microendoscopy

Author

Vasyl Mytskaniuk, D. Septier, Géraud Bouwmans, Alexandre Kudlinski, Viktor Tsvirkun, Olivier Vanvincq, Andy Cassez, Karen Baudelle, Rémi Habert, Hervé Rigneault, A. Pastre, Marc Douay, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE19-0019,MEAP,Endomicroscopie multiphotonique des plaques athérosclérotiques(2019)

Subjects
Hollow core, Total internal reflection, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Light scattering, Numerical aperture, 010309 optics, Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Fiber, 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman scattering
Abstract

International audience; We report the fabrication and characterization of the first double clad tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber. It allows to deliver ultrashort pulses without temporal nor spectral distortions in the 700-1000 nm wavelength range and to efficiently collect scattered light in a high numerical aperture double clad. The output fiber mode is shaped with a silica microsphere generating a photonic nanojet, making it well suitable for nonlinear microendoscopy application. Additionally, we provide an open access software allowing to find optimal drawing parameters for the fabrication of tubular hollow core fibers.

Published
2020

19. Cu/Ce-co-Doped Silica Glass as Radioluminescent Material for Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry

Author

Bruno Capoen, Karen Baudelle, Aziz Boukenter, Géraud Bouwmans, Andy Cassez, Youcef Ouerdane, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Sylvain Girard, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Jessica Bahout, Rémi Habert, Adriana Morana, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, genetic structures, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, Article, Cu + /Ce 3+ -co-doped silica glass, Ionizing radiation, Ion, 010309 optics, radioluminescence, 0103 physical sciences, Dosimetry, General Materials Science, Fiber, Irradiation, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], lcsh:QH201-278.5, dosimetry, lcsh:T, Radioluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, photoluminescence, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, sense organs, Cu+/Ce3+-co-doped silica glass, Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), ionizing radiation, lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract

Optically activated glasses are essential to the development of new radiation detection systems. In this study, a bulk glassy rod co-doped with Cu and Ce ions, was prepared via the sol-gel technique and was drawn at about 2000 &deg, C into a cylindrical capillary rod to evaluate its optical and radioluminescence properties. The sample showed optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) bands attributed to Cu+ and Ce3+ ions. The presence of these two ions inside the host silica glass matrix was also confirmed using PL kinetics measurements. The X-ray dose rate was remotely monitored via the radioluminescence (RL) signal emitted by the Cu/Ce scintillating sensor. In order to transport the optical signal from the irradiation zone to the detection located in the instrumentation zone, an optical transport fiber was spliced to the sample under test. This RL signal exhibited a linear behavior regarding the dose rate in the range at least between 1.1 mGy(SiO2)/s and 34 Gy(SiO2)/s. In addition, a spectroscopic analysis of this RL signal at different dose rates revealed that the same energy levels attributed to Cu+ and Ce3+ ions are involved in both the RL mechanism and the PL phenomenon. Moreover, integrated intensities of the RL sub-bands related to both Cu+ and Ce3+ ions depend linearly on the dose rate at least in the investigated range from 102 mGy(SiO2)/s up to 4725 mGy(SiO2)/s. The presence of Ce3+ ions also reduces the formation of HC1 color centers after X-ray irradiation.

Published
2020

20. Novel Gd3+-doped silica-based optical fiber material for dosimetry in proton therapy

Author

C. Duzenli, Aziz Boukenter, Géraud Bouwmans, Adriana Morana, Sylvain Girard, Bruno Capoen, Philippe Paillet, Cornelia Hoehr, Andy Cassez, H. El Hamzaoui, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Olivier Duhamel, Michael Trinczek, Youcef Ouerdane, TRIUMF [Vancouver], Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études de Limeil-Valenton (CEA-DAM), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (CERLA), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, Proton, Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, Physics::Optics, Bragg peak, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Fiber, lcsh:Science, Quenching, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:Q, Light emission, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence
Abstract

Optical fibers hold promise for accurate dosimetry in small field proton therapy due to their superior spatial resolution and the lack of significant Cerenkov contamination in proton beams. One known drawback for most scintillation detectors is signal quenching in areas of high linear energy transfer, as is the case in the Bragg peak region of a proton beam. In this study, we investigated the potential of innovative optical fiber bulk materials using the sol-gel technique for dosimetry in proton therapy. This type of glass is made of amorphous silica (SiO$${}_{2}$$ 2 ) and is doped with Gd$${}^{3+}$$ 3 + ions and possesses very interesting light emission properties with a luminescence band around 314 nm when exposed to protons. The fibers were manufactured at the University of Lille and tested at the TRIUMF Proton Therapy facility with 8.2–62.9 MeV protons and 2–6 nA of extracted beam current. Dose-rate dependence and quenching were measured and compared to other silica-based fibers also made by sol-gel techniques and doped with Ce$${}^{3+}$$ 3 + and Cu$${}^{+}$$ + . The three fibers present strong luminescence in the UV (Gd) or visible (Cu,Ce) under irradiation, with the emission intensities related directly to the proton flux. In addition, the 0.5 mm diameter Gd$${}^{3+}$$ 3 + -doped fiber shows superior resolution of the Bragg peak, indicating significantly reduced quenching in comparison to the Ce$${}^{3+}$$ 3 + and Cu$${}^{+}$$ + fibers with a Birks’ constant, k$${}_{B}$$ B , of (0.0162 $$\pm $$ ± 0.0003) cm/MeV in comparison to (0.0333 $$\pm $$ ± 0.0006) cm/MeV and (0.0352 $$\pm $$ ± 0.0003) cm/MeV, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an interesting k$${}_{B}$$ B for a silica-based optical fiber material, showing clearly that this fiber presents lower quenching than common plastic scintillators. This result demonstrates the high potential of this inorganic fiber material for proton therapy dosimetry.

Published
2019

21. Parametric gain shaping from a structured pump pulse

Author

Philippe Morin, Emmanuel Hugonnot, Damien Bigourd, Géraud Bouwmans, Jerome Dubertrand, Hervé Maillotte, Coralie Fourcade-Dutin, Yves Quiquempois, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA-CESTA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), and ANR-16-CE24-0009,FIBER-AMP,Amplificateur fibré large bande énergétique et à haute cadence(2016)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, Spectral domain, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 010309 optics, Broad spectrum, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Chirp, Parametric amplifier, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, A fibers, Parametric statistics, fiber optics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Optical parametric amplifier, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Four wave mixing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Pulse (physics), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract

International audience; We investigate optical parametric amplification in a fiber pumped by a shaped pulse. The temporal structure of the pump impacts directly the instantaneous spectral gain and its temporal measurement is achieved in the spectral domain thanks to a chirped signal with a broad spectrum.

Published
2019

22. Gd 3+ -doped sol-gel silica glass for remote ionizing radiation dosimetry

Author

Sylvain Girard, Nourdine Kerboub, Youcef Ouerdane, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Adriana Morana, Diego Di Francesca, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Rémi Habert, Daniel Soderstrom, Bruno Capoen, Géraud Bouwmans, Andy Cassez, Aziz Boukenter, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), CERN [Genève], Department of Physics [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Photoluminescence, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Ionizing radiation, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dosimetry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sol-gel, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ta114, Radioluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, gadolinium-doped silica glass, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Gadolinium-doped silica glass was prepared, using the sol-gel route, for ionizing radiation dosimetry applications. Such a glassy rod was drawn to a cane at a temperature of 2000 °C. The structural and optical properties of the obtained material were studied using Raman, optical absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Thereafter, a small piece of this Gd-doped scintillating cane was spliced to a transport passive optical fiber, allowing the remote monitoring of the X-ray dose rate through a radioluminescence (RL) signal. The sample exhibited a linear RL intensity response versus the dose rate from 125 µGy(SiO2)/s up to 12.25 Gy/s. These results confirm the potentialities of this material for real-time remote ionizing radiation dosimetry. peerReviewed

Published
2019

23. High-energy, narrow-linewidth, flat-top temporal profile nanosecond-pulses from ytterbium-doped tapered fiber amplifier with chirped-diode seeding

Author

Florent Scol, Géraud Bouwmans, and Emmanuel Hugonnot

Subjects
Ytterbium, Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nanosecond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, chemistry, Brillouin scattering, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phase modulation, Diode
Abstract

We present a narrow-bandwidth (167 pm) few-nanosecond fiber laser based on tapered fiber amplification and phase modulation to mitigate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). We compare the use of chirped diode seeding and standard sinusoidal phase modulation. Below SBS appearance threshold, output temporal profiles can be accurately tailored. Typical results for flat-top profiles include 170 kW peak-power (for 3 ns duration) and 1.25 mJ pulse energy (for 10 ns duration).

Published
2021

24. Single-shot non-interferometric measurement of the phase transmission matrix in multicore fibers

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Viktor Tsvirkun, Hervé Rigneault, Siddharth Sivankutty, Dan Oron, Esben Ravn Andresen, Miguel A. Alonso, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Multi-core processor, Materials science, business.industry, Single shot, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Transmission matrix, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Interferometry, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Aperiodic graph, Simple (abstract algebra), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Phase retrieval, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

A simple technique for far-field single-shot non-interferometric determination of the phase transmission matrix of a multicore fiber with over 100 cores is presented. This phase retrieval technique relies on the aperiodic arrangement of the cores., Submitted to Optics Letters

Published
2018

25. Nonlinear imaging through a Fermat’s golden spiral multicore fiber

Author

Viktor Tsvirkun, Esben Ravn Andresen, Géraud Bouwmans, Hervé Rigneault, Olivier Vanvincq, Siddharth Sivankutty, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Physics, Focal point, business.industry, Femtosecond pulse, media_common.quotation_subject, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, Multicore fiber, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Nonlinear system, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Golden spiral, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Contrast (vision), business, Group delay and phase delay, media_common
Abstract

International audience; We report two-photon lensless imaging through a novel golden spiral multicore fiber. This unique layout optimizes the sidelobe levels, field of view, cross-talk, group delay and mode density to achieve a sidelobe contrast of atleast 10.9 dB. We demonstrate experimentally the ability to generate and scan a focal point with a femtosecond pulse and perform two-photon imaging.

Published
2018

26. Extreme large mode area in single-mode pixelated Bragg fiber

Author

Laurent Bigot, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, Andy Cassez, Marc Douay, Yves Quiquempois, Jean-Paul Yehouessi, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA)

Subjects
OCIS codes: (060.2280) Fiber design and fabrication, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Mode volume, PHOSFOS, Materials science, business.industry, single-mode, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Long-period fiber grating, Cladding (fiber optics), 01 natural sciences, (060.5295) Photonic crystal fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, (060.2430) Fibers, Plastic optical fiber, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; This paper reports the design and the fabrication of an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber with core diameter larger than 100 µm, a record effective mode area of about 3700 µm 2 at 1035 nm and robust single-mode behavior on propagation length as short as 90 cm. These properties are obtained by using a pixelated Bragg fiber geometry together with an heterostructuration of the cladding and the appropriated generalized half wave stack condition applied to the first three higher order modes. We detail the numerical study that permitted to select the most efficient cladding geometry and present the experimental results that validate our approach.

Published
2017

27. Bending-induced inter-core group delays in multicore fibers

Author

Viktor Tsvirkun, Esben Ravn Andresen, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, Siddharth Sivankutty, Hervé Rigneault, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
OCIS: 060.2400, 060.2430, 110.2350, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, skin and connective tissue diseases, Fiber optics imaging, Group delay and phase delay, Fiber properties, Coupling, Physics, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amplitude, Polarization mode dispersion, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, Refractive index, fibers single-mode
Abstract

International audience; We examine the impact of fiber bends on ultrashort pulse propagation in a 169-core multicore fiber (MCF) by numerical simulations and experimental measurements. We show that an L-shaped bend (where only one end of the MCF is fixed) induces significant changes in group delays that are a function of core position but linear along the bending axis with a slope directly proportional to the bending angle. For U-and S-shaped bends (where both ends of the MCF are fixed) the induced refractive index and group delay changes are much smaller than the residual, intrinsic inter-core group delay differences of the unbent MCF. We further show that when used for point-scanning lensless endoscopy with ultrashort pulse excitation, bend-induced group delays in the MCF degrade the point-spread function due to spatiotemporal coupling. Our results show that bend-induced effects in MCFs can be parametrized with only two parameters: the angle of the bend axis and the amplitude of the bend. This remains valid for bend amplitudes up to at least 200 degrees.

Published
2017

28. Coherent beam combining of a narrow-linewidth long-pulse Er^3+-doped multicore fiber amplifier

Author

L. Ramirez, Laurent Lombard, Géraud Bouwmans, Marc Hanna, Laurent Bigot, Florian Prévost, J. Primot, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Photonique (Photonique), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Physique des atomes, lasers, molécules et surfaces (PALMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Photonique [Photonique]

Subjects
Materials science, (140.3500) Lasers, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, OCIS codes: (140.3298) Laser beam combining, law.invention, 010309 optics, Erbium, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, LASERS, law, (060.2320) Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optical amplifier, LASERS PULSED, Spatial light modulator, business.industry, FIBRE MULTIMODE, Amplifier, (140.3538) Lasers, FIBER OPTICS AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS, Laser, pulsed, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, LASER BEAM COMBINING, erbium, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, COMBINAISON COHÉRENTE, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; Active phase locking of a multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier is demonstrated for 180 ns narrow-linewidth pulses at 1545 nm. A spatial light modulator is used at the input of the amplifier to control the optical phase of 7 beams injected in the hexagonally-arranged cores, ensuring efficient combining through a SPGD algorithm. At the output, combining is performed using a diffractive optical element. This experiment establishes multicore amplifiers as a promising way to scale the energy of Brillouin-limited pulsed amplifiers for LIDAR applications. We also present a simple lensless technique to measure phase shifts between pairs of adjacent channels that could be implemented in future active coherent combining systems.

Published
2017

29. Optical responses of a copper-activated sol-gel silica glass under low-dose and low-dose rate X-ray exposures

Author

Andy Cassez, Bruno Capoen, N. Al Helou, Youcef Ouerdane, Aziz Boukenter, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Sylvain Girard, H. El Hamzaoui, Géraud Bouwmans, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photoluminescence, Materials science, Optically stimulated luminescence, X-ray, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Radioluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ionizing radiation, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Dosimetry, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Ionic copper-doped silica glasses are attractive materials for radiation detection and dosimetry based on radioluminescence (RL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). We characterized the optical responses, under X-rays, of a Cu+-doped silica glass rod prepared via the sol-gel technique and spliced to transport pure silica optical fibers. Both the low-dose and the low-dose rate regimes were specially investigated at room temperature. RL and photoluminescence (PL) measurements confirmed that the Cu+ ions are the luminescent centers of interest for the targeted applications. RL dose rate response dependence shows a linear behavior from 260 μGy(SiO2)/s up to 23 mGy(SiO2)/s, allowing the monitoring of the dose rate evolutions during an irradiation run. The OSL response also linearly depends on the dose from 42 mGy(SiO2) to 200 Gy(SiO2), enabling a precise dose measurement shortly after the irradiation. The presented results confirm the potentialities of this material to monitor ionizing radiations in harsh environments.

Published
2019

30. Ultrathin endoscopes based on multicore fibers and adaptive optics: a status review andperspectives

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Siddharth Sivankutty, Viktor Tsvirkun, Esben Ravn Andresen, Hervé Rigneault, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Computer science, Biomedical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Multicore fiber, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Biomaterials, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Fiber Optic Technology, Adaptive optics, Multiphoton imaging, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Endoscopes, Multi-core processor, Optical Imaging, Equipment Design, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Abstract

We take stock of the progress that has been made into developing ultrathin endoscopes assisted by wave front shaping. We focus our review on multicore fiber-based lensless endoscopes intended for multiphoton imaging applications. We put the work into perspective by comparing with alternative approaches and by outlining the challenges that lie ahead.

Published
2016

31. Widefield lensless endoscopy with a multicore fiber

Author

Viktor Tsvirkun, Géraud Bouwmans, Esben Ravn Andresen, Hervé Rigneault, Siddharth Sivankutty, Ori Katz, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Multicore fiber, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Endoscopic imaging, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, medicine, Physics - Biological Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Wavefront, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Endoscopy, Refresh rate, Aperiodic graph, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We demonstrate pixelation-free real-time widefield endoscopic imaging through an aperiodic multicore fiber (MCF) without any distal opto-mechanical elements or proximal scanners. Exploiting the memory effect in MCFs the images in our system are directly obtained without any post-processing using a static wavefront correction obtained from a single calibration procedure. Our approach allows for video-rate 3D widefield imaging of incoherently illuminated objects with imaging speed not limited by the wavefront shaping device refresh rate., Comment: Published in Optics Letters

Published
2016

32. Optical frequency domain reflectometer distributed sensing using microstructured pure silica optical fibers under radiations

Author

Timothe Allanche, Serena Rizzolo, H. El Hamzaoui, Sophie Bauer, Jocelyn Perisse, Youcef Ouerdane, Laurent Bigot, Aziz Boukenter, Sylvain Girard, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Marco Cannas, Jean-Reynald Macé, Géraud Bouwmans, Rizzolo, S., Boukenter, A., Allanche, T., Perisse, J., Bouwmans, G., El Hamzaoui, H., Bigot, L., Ouerdane, Y., Cannas, M., Bouazaoui, M., Mace, J., Bauer, S., Girard, S., AREVA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut d'optique Graduate School - IOGS (FRANCE), Université Jean Monnet - St Etienne (FRANCE), Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies - Lille 1 (FRANCE), Università degli studi di Palermo (ITALY), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AREVA NP, AREVA NP - Centre Technique (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Optical fiber, Optical time-domain reflectometer, Rayleigh scattering, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, law, 0103 physical sciences, Rayleigh, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, Optical fiber sensor, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Optical fiber sensors, Optique / photonique, Microstructured optical fiber, Distributed acoustic sensing, radiation, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fiber optic sensor, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; We investigated the capability of micro-structured optical fibers to develop multi-functional, remotely-controlled, Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) distributed fiber based sensors to monitor temperature in nuclear power plants or high energy physics facilities. As pure-silica-core fibers are amongst the most radiation resistant waveguides, we characterized the response of two fibers with the same microstructure, one possessing a core elaborated with F300 Heraeus rod representing the state-of-the art for such fiber technology and one innovative sample based on pure sol-gel silica. Our measurements reveal that the Xray radiations do not affect the capacity of the OFDR sensing using these fibers to monitor the temperature up to 1 MGy dose whereas the sensing distance remains affected by RIA phenomena.

Published
2016

33. Extended field-of-view in a lensless endoscope using an aperiodic multicore fiber

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Hervé Rigneault, Viktor Tsvirkun, Dani Kogan, Esben Ravn Andresen, Siddharth Sivankutty, Dan Oron, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Diffraction, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Multicore fiber, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Extended field of view, skin and connective tissue diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, equipment and supplies, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Core (optical fiber), Tilt (optics), Aperiodic graph, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We investigate lensless endoscopy using coherent beam combining and aperiodic multicore fibers (MCF). We show that diffracted orders, inherent to MCF with periodically arranged cores, dramatically reduce the field of view (FoV) and that randomness in MCF core positions can increase the FoV up to the diffraction limit set by a single fiber core, while maintaining MCF experimental feasibility. We demonstrate experimentally pixelation-free lensless endoscopy imaging over a 120 micron FoV with an aperiodic MCF designed with widely spaced cores. We show that this system is suitable to perform beam scanning imaging by simply applying a tilt to the proximal wavefront., Comment: Submitted to Optics Letters

Published
2016
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34. Single shot polarimetry imaging of multicore fiber

Author

Thomas G. Brown, Siddharth Sivankutty, Géraud Bouwmans, Hervé Rigneault, Miguel A. Alonso, Esben Ravn Andresen, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Point spread function, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Point source, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Fiber bundle, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Circular polarization, Group delay and phase delay, Physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Bundle, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We report an experimental test of single-shot polarimetry applied to the problem of real-time monitoring of the output polarization states in each core within a multicore fiber bundle. The technique uses a stress-engineered optical element together with an analyzer and provides a point spread function whose shape unambiguously reveals the polarization state of a point source. We implement this technique to monitor, simultaneously and in real time, the output polarization states of up to 180 single mode fiber cores in both conventional and polarization-maintaining bundles. We demonstrate also that the technique can be used to fully characterize the polarization properties of each individual ber core including eigen-polarization states, phase delay and diattenuation., Comment: Submitted to Optics Letters

Published
2016
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35. Benefits of Photonic Bandgap Fibers for the Thermal Stabilization of Optoelectronic Oscillators

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Alexandre Kudlinski, L. Bigot, Jean-Pierre Vilcot, Marc Douay, G. Beck, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), and Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, photonic bandgap fibers, Materials science, Optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:QC350-467, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonic crystal, Group delay and phase delay, Total internal reflection, business.industry, lcsh:TA1501-1820, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Microstructured optical fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optoelectronics, optoelectronic oscillators, business, Refractive index, lcsh:Optics. Light, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

This work reports on the analysis of optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) realized with various kinds of microstructured optical fibers (MOF) as delay lines. More precisely, the thermal dependence of the group delay is measured through the analysis of the thermal variation of the frequency of the OEO and compared with a theoretical model that includes the effect of temperature on refractive index, strains, and deformation. It is shown that, whereas the presence of air in air/silica fibers guiding via modified total internal reflection (M-TIR) has only little interest, it allows a net decrease of the thermal variation of the group delay in the case of hollow core photonic bandgap (HC-PBG) fiber. In addition to the effect of material, we show that this decrease is related to the PBG mechanism itself, which is a property also exploited in a solid-core photonic bandgap (SC-PBG) fiber.

Published
2012

36. Manipulating the Propagation of Solitons with Solid-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, Alexandre Kudlinski, Arnaud Mussot, Aurélie Bétourné, Yves Quiquempois, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Band gap, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Edge (geometry), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:QC350-467, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Supercontinuum, Nonlinear system, Transmission (telecommunications), Optoelectronics, Soliton, business, lcsh:Optics. Light
Abstract

International audience; We review the dynamics of soliton self-frequency shift induced by Raman gain in special solid-core photonic bandgap fibers and its consequences in terms of supercontinuum generation. These photonic bandgap fibers have been designed to allow nonlinear experiments in the first bandgap without suffering from significant loss even when working close to the photonic bandgap edge. We studied experimentally, numerically, and analytically the extreme deceleration of the soliton self-frequency shift at the long-wavelength edge of the first transmission window. This phenomenon is interpreted as being due to a large variation of the group-velocity dispersion in this spectral range and has been obtained with no significant power loss. Then, we investigated experimentally and numerically the generation of supercontinuum in this kind of fibers, in both spectral and temporal domains. In particular, we demonstrated an efficient tailoring of the supercontinuum spectral extension as well as a strong noise reduction at its long-wavelength edge.

Published
2012

37. Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: Two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Esben Ravn Andresen, Serge Monneret, Siddharth Sivankutty, Rosa Cossart, Hervé Rigneault, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epilepsie et ischémie cérébrale, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, Optical fiber, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, genetic structures, Physics::Medical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Computer Science::Robotics, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Optics, Two-photon excitation microscopy, law, Rigid endoscope, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, Mathematics::Representation Theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Endoscopes, Photons, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Lasers, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Spatial frequency, Speckle imaging, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biological imaging, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

Rigid endoscopes like graded-index (GRIN) lenses are known tools in biological imaging, but it is conceptually difficult to miniaturize them. In this letter, we demonstrate an ultra-thin rigid endoscope with a diameter of only 125 microns. In addition, we identify a domain where two-photon endoscopic imaging with fs-pulse excitation is possible. We validate the ultra-thin rigid endoscope consisting of a few cm of graded-index multi-mode fiber by using it to acquire optically sectioned two-photon fluorescence endoscopic images of three-dimensional samples., 17 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Opt. Express

Published
2015

38. Radiation Response of OFDR Distributed Sensors Based on Microstructured Pure Silica Optical Fibers

Author

Sylvain Girard, H. El Hamzaoui, L. Bigot, Géraud Bouwmans, J. Perisse, M. Bouazaoui, Sophie Bauer, Youcef Ouerdane, Marco Cannas, Jean-Reynald Macé, Serena Rizzolo, Aziz Boukenter, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, AREVA (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rizzolo, S., Boukenter, A., Perisse, J., Bouwmans, G., El Hamzaoui, H., Bigot, L., Ouerdane, Y., Cannas, M., Bouazaoui, M., Mace, J., Bauer, S., Girard, S., AREVA NP, AREVA NP - Centre Technique (FRANCE), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut d'optique Graduate School - IOGS (FRANCE), Université Jean Monnet - St Etienne (FRANCE), Université de Lille (FRANCE), Università degli studi di Palermo (ITALY), and Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - PhLAM (Villeneuve d’Ascq, France)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, Radiation, Optical fiber sensor, business.industry, Optical fiber sensors, Rayleigh scattering, Temperature measurement, law.invention, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, Optics, Radiation tolerance, law, symbols, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Electronique, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Radiation response
Abstract

International audience; Temperature sensors based on microstructured pure silica optical fibers are investigated by OFDR and RIA performed during X-ray irradiation up to 50kGy dose. The results evidence that the temperature measures are poorly influenced by irradiation (the error being less than 0.3°C). Such a radiation tolerance is relevant for the use of these Rayleigh based sensors in harsh environments.

Published
2015

39. Measurement and compensation of residual group delay in a multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopy

Author

Serge Monneret, Siddharth Sivankutty, Laurent Gallais, Géraud Bouwmans, Hervé Rigneault, Esben Ravn Andresen, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ILM (ILM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Standard deviation, law.invention, Compensation (engineering), 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Group delay dispersion, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Group delay and phase delay
Abstract

International audience; We present a new experimental concept suitable for partially compensating the inter-core group delay dispersion in a multi-core fiber (MCF). First we map out the group delays of all 169 single-mode cores of a MCF using phase-shifting spectral interferometry and find the group delays distributed with standard deviation 123 fs in a 30 cm long MCF. We then detail and apply the compensation scheme based on two wavefront shapers with which we narrow the group delay distribution to 65 fs. These results are relevant for lensless endoscopes employing femtosecond excitation, and we quantify the performance gain in a lensless endoscope with 150 fs laser pulses as excitation and discuss possible generalizations of the concept.

Published
2015

40. Enhanced structural sensitivity of hybrid-mode acoustic phonons in axially-varying photonic crystal fiber

Author

Alexandre Kudlinski, Pascal Szriftgiser, Denis Bacquet, Géraud Bouwmans, Jean-Charles Beugnot, Michel Dossou, Vincent Laude, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Photon, Optical fiber, Electrostriction, business.industry, Optical force, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Shear (sheet metal), Transverse plane, Optics, Brillouin scattering, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

International audience; We report the observation of anti-crossings between hybrid-mode acoustic phonons in an axially-varying photonic crystal fiber. Our experimental results are analyzed using an electrostriction theory which reveals strong coupling between longitudinal and shear components of elastic wave. These anti-crossings are highly sensitive to the transverse fiber structure and thus could be potentially used for ultra-sensitive sensors and new opto-acoustic devices.

Published
2015

41. Spectral division amplification of a 40 nm bandwidth in a multicore Yb doped fiber and femtosecond pulse synthesis with in-fiber delay line

Author

Agnès Desfarges-Berthelemot, Géraud Bouwmans, Philippe Rigaud, Alain Barthélémy, Vincent Kermène, L. Bigot, PHOTONIQUE (XLIM-PHOTONIQUE), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-BS09-0028,MultiFemto,Amplificateur à fibre multicoeur en régime femtoseconde et contrôle de front d'onde(2011)

Subjects
Ytterbium, Multi-core processor, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Femtosecond pulse, Bandwidth (signal processing), Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Spectral bands, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Ribbon, Fiber amplifier, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A compact multicore ytterbium doped fiber amplifier has been implemented according to the spectral division scheme. It was shown that it allows amplification of pulses with about 40 nm wide spectrum. Compensation of the different spectral bands delay through bending and twist of the multicore ribbon fiber followed by appropriate setting of their phase permitted the synthesis of pulses close to 100 fs duration.

Published
2015

42. Form-induced birefringence in elliptical hollow photonic crystal fiber with large mode area

Author

Walter Belardi, Marc Douay, L. Provino, and Géraud Bouwmans

Subjects
Optical fiber, Birefringence, Materials science, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Photonic-crystal fiber, Photonic crystal
Abstract

We propose a novel type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF), including an elliptical hole in its solid core. We prove the feasibility of such a fiber and investigate both experimentally and theoretically the dependence of its group birefringence on the geometric hole parameters. We show, for the first time, that form-induced birefringence can be achieved in single mode PCFs with large mode area and suggest it as a possible route for the development of polarization maintaining PCF-based LMA fiber devices.

Published
2005

43. Fiber-based ultrashort pulse delivery for nonlinear imaging using high-energy solitons

Author

Alexandre Kudlinski, Hervé Rigneault, Abdelkrim Bendahmane, Esben Ravn Andresen, Patrick Ferrand, Arnaud Mussot, Sarah Saint-Jalm, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FEDER, CPER 2007-2013, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Materials science, Light, Biomedical Engineering, Physics::Optics, ultrafast pulses for imaging, photonics crystal fibers, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biomaterials, Optics, Dispersion (optics), Fiber Optic Technology, Fiber, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Lasers, temporal solitons, Reproducibility of Results, Second-harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, Equipment Design, Image Enhancement, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Pulse (physics), Equipment Failure Analysis, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Energy Transfer, Nonlinear Dynamics, Femtosecond, Soliton, nonlinear imaging, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

International audience; We present an approach for fiber delivery of femtosecond pulses relying on pulse breakup and soliton self-frequency shift in a custom-made solid-core photonic bandgap fiber. In this scheme, the fiber properties themselves ensure that a powerful Fourier-transform-limited pulse is emitted at the fiber output, hence doing away with the need for complex precompensation and enabling tunability of the excitation. We report high-energy soliton excitation for two-photon fluorescence microspectroscopy over a 100-nm range and multimodal nonlinear imaging on biological samples.

Published
2014

44. Effects of densification atmosphere on optical properties of ionic copper-activated sol-gel silica glass: towards an efficient radiation dosimeter

Author

Sylvain Girard, Bruno Capoen, Geneviève Chadeyron, Aziz Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Rachid Mahiou, Géraud Bouwmans, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MI, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux Inorganiques (MI), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photoluminescence, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Metals and Alloys, Sintering, Quantum yield, Physics::Optics, Microstructured optical fiber, 7. Clean energy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Numerical aperture, Biomaterials, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Quantum efficiency, Fiber, Composite material, Sol-gel
Abstract

International audience; Ionic copper-doped pure silica glass, with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), has been prepared using the sol-gel technique and densification of the porous xerogel under inert atmosphere. The optical properties of the obtained glass, and especially the green light emission due to Cu+ ions under UV excitation, have been studied and compared to those of the glass produced in air atmosphere conditions. We have shown that the sintering process under helium increases the quantum efficiency of this emission by a factor 40. Moreover, the resulting copper-doped silica rod has been used in the fabrication of a high numerical aperture microstructured optical fiber, which shows similar luminescent properties to the sol-gel preform. The obtained fiber exhibits promising characteristics to be employed in an all-fibred UV sensor. In particular, the high emission efficiency and the specific air-clad geometry of the fiber made it possible to perform measurements without removing the polymer coating.

Published
2014

45. Discrete photonics resonator in coupled waveguide arrays

Author

Christophe Minot, Géraud Bouwmans, Ariel Levenson, Nadia Belabas Plougonven, Jean-Marie Moison, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
Physics, Coupling, Diffraction, Waveguide (electromagnetism), business.industry, Micro-optics, Resonance, Physics::Optics, Integrated optics devices, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Array waveguide devices, Light intensity, Resonator, Optics, Micro-optical devices, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Light beam, Guided waves, Photonics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally thatdiscrete diffraction resonance can be designed, fabricated, and successfully probed in functionalized – guidonic – coupled waveguide arrays. We evidence that double-barrier patterning of the coupling creates wavelength-independent angular tunnel resonance in the transmitted and the reflected intensity of light beams freely propagating in the plane of the array. Transmission peaks obtained are associated with resonant excitation of the engineered array bound supermodes of the functionalized array, in agreement with accurate and practical numerical modeling based on extended coupled-mode theory. The linear operation of the guidonic resonant tunneling double barrier makes up an original resonator for discrete photonics, suitable for all-optical control of light.

Published
2014

46. Few mode Er(3+)-doped fiber with micro-structured core for mode division multiplexing in the C-band

Author

Karen Delplace, Géraud Bouwmans, Yves Quiquempois, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Laurent Bigot, Antoine Le Rouge, Guillaume Le Cocq, and Mohamed Bouazaoui

Subjects
Mode volume, Materials science, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Dispersion-shifted fiber, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Design and experimental characterization of Er(3+)-doped fiber amplifiers supporting 6 spatial modes in wavelength division multiplexing regime are reported. The study is first focused on Er(3+)-doped circular ring-structured profiles accessible with conventional fiber manufacturing techniques. However, these fiber designs, optimized for gain equalization, prove to be difficult to obtain experimentally. So as to go beyond these limits, an alternative approach based on a "pixelated" Er(3+)-doped core is proposed. Several possible designs are theoretically investigated and a first fabrication of micro-structured fiber is presented.

Published
2014

47. Optical Fiber-Based Monitoring of X-ray Pulse Series from a Linear Accelerator

Author

Jeoffray Vidalot, Adriana Morana, Hicham El Hamzaoui, Aziz Boukenter, Geraud Bouwmans, Andy Cassez, Bruno Capoen, Youcef Ouerdane, Marc Gaillardin, Mohamed Bouazaoui, Sylvain Girard, and Philippe Paillet

Subjects
optical fiber, dosimetry, radioluminescence, pulsed X-rays, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

We investigated in this work the radioluminescence properties of a Ce-doped multimode silica-based optical fiber (core diameter of 50 µm) manufactured by the sol–gel technique when exposed to the high-energy X-rays (~600 keV) of the ORIATRON facility of CEA. We demonstrated its potential to monitor in real-time the beam characteristics of this facility that can either operate in a pulsed regime (pulse duration of 4.8 µs, maximum repetition rate of 250 Hz) or in a quasi-continuous mode. The radiation-induced emission (radioluminescence and a minor Cerenkov contribution) linearly grew with the dose rate in the 15–130 mGy(SiO2)/s range, and the afterglow measured after each pulse was sufficiently limited to allow a clear measurement of pulse trains. A sensor with ~11 cm of sensitive Ce-doped fiber spliced to rad-hard fluorine-doped optical fiber, for the emitted light transport to the photomultiplier tube, exhibited interesting beam monitoring performance, even if the Cerenkov emission in the transport fiber was also considered (~5% of the signal). The beam monitoring potential of this class of optical fiber was demonstrated for such facilities and the possibilities of extending the dose rate range are discussed based on possible architecture choices such as fiber type, length or size.

Published
2021
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48. Two-photon lensless endoscope

Author

Géraud Bouwmans, Hervé Rigneault, Esben Ravn Andresen, Serge Monneret, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Materials science, Photon, Endoscope, Physics::Medical Physics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Robotics, 010309 optics, Rhodamine 6G, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Two-photon excitation microscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Humans, Mathematics::Representation Theory, Self-phase modulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Lenses, Endoscopes, Photons, business.industry, Rhodamines, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, chemistry, Femtosecond, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Spatial frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business, Crystallization
Abstract

We report a first demonstration of two-photon endoscopic imaging with a lensless endoscope. The endoscope probe is a double-clad bundle of single-mode fibers; point excitation and scanning is achieved by coherent combining of femtosecond light pulses propagating in the single-mode fibers; and back-scattered two-photon signal is collected through the multi-mode inner cladding. We demonstrate the two-photon endoscope on a test sample of rhodamine 6G crystals.

Published
2013

49. Top-hat beam output of a single-mode microstructured optical fiber: Impact of core index depression

Author

Karen Delplace, Marc Douay, Yves Quiquempois, Géraud Bouwmans, Pierre Calvet, Quentin Coulombier, Constance Valentin, Emmanuel Hugonnot, Arnaud Mussot, Laurent Bigot, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA CESTA, collaboration PhLAM/CEA CESTA, Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine [CESTA], Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 [PhLAM], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, 010309 optics, Fiber characterization, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Fiber design and fabrication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Fiber properties, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, (060.4005), (060.2270), (060.2280), (060.2400), Microstructured optical fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Microstructured fibers, business, Step-index profile, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

A new strategy to obtain a single-mode fiber with a flattened intensity profile distribution is presented. It is based on the use of an OVD-made high index ring deposited on a silica rod having a refractive index slightly lower than the silica used for the microstructured cladding. Using this strategy, we realized the first single-mode fiber with a quasi-perfect top-hat intensity profile around 1 µm. Numerical studies clearly demonstrate the advantage of using a core index depression to insure the single-mode operation of the fiber at the working wavelength.

Published
2013

50. Four-wave mixing stability in hybrid photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths

Author

Yves Quiquempois, Benoit Sevigny, Constance Valentin, Géraud Bouwmans, Na Chen, Olivier Vanvincq, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Four-wave mixing, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dispersion-shifted fiber, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The four-wave mixing process in optical fibers is generally sensitive to dispersion uniformity along the fiber length. However, some specific phase matching conditions show increased robustness to longitudinal fluctuations in fiber dimensions, which affect the dispersion, even for signal and idler wavelengths far from the pump. In this paper, we present the method by which this point is found, how the fiber design characteristics impact on the stable point and demonstrate the stability through propagation simulations using the non-linear Schrödinger equation.

Published
2013

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